English Pronouncing Dictionary By Daniel Jones Pdf

[Zita Lifland]

InEnglish. A specialized pronunciation dictionary. Gives pronunciations in British and American English, in IPA. A wide selection of proper names. Pronunciation in the language of origin for a selection of words and names from foreign languages.

In English. A general dictionary of American English. Gives pronunciations for each entry in American English, in a set of phonetic symbols specific to Merriam-Webster. Audio pronunciations also provided.

In English. A dictionary of biographical names. Gives pronunciations for each entry in American English, in a set of phonetic symbols specific to Merriam-Webster. Includes pronouncing lists of name elements, titles, and prenames in addition to the main biographical entries.

In English. A general dictionary of Australian English. Gives pronunciation in Australian English, in IPA. With a wide selection of Australian proper names. Subscription required. Free 30-day trial available.

In Korean. A general dictionary of Korean. Meant to be a prescriptive dictionary of Standard Korean produced by The National Institute of the Korean Language, the regulator of the language in South Korea. Gives pronunciation respelling in square brackets ([ ]) when the pronunciation differs from the usual spelling. Pronunciations are not given for loanwords, dialectal words, archaic words, or Korean words used in North Korea. Gives a wide selection of proper names, including biographical names of notable historical individuals active up to around the 1970s.

In German. A specialized pronunciation dictionary. Gives pronunciations in IPA. Includes a wide selection of proper names. The pronunciation of foreign words and names in the original language are abundantly provided, in many cases to the exclusion of any Germanized pronunciations. Includes guidelines for the original-language pronunciations of 17 languages.

In German. A specialized pronunciation dictionary. Gives pronunciations in somewhat narrow IPA. Includes a wide selection of proper names. Unlike Duden, Words and names of foreign origin are always given Germanized pronunciations. Includes guidelines for the Germanized pronunciations of 19 languages.

In French. A specialized pronunciation dictionary. Gives pronunciations in IPA. Includes a wide selection of proper names, though it is often unreliable for foreign names and is somewhat dated in its tendency to apply rules of French pronunciation to foreign names. Out of print.

In French. While the work is in large part devoted to the historical developments of French pronunciation, it contains many transcriptions of contemporary French pronunciation in IPA, including some proper names, which are marked with an asterisk (*) in the transcriptions.

In Italian. A specialized pronunciation dictionary. Gives pronunciations in IPA, with information on traditional and current pronunciations as well as regional variations within the central Italian regions where Standard Italian is spoken natively. Includes a wide selection of proper names. Does not include Italians words and names whose pronunciations are obvious to Italian speakers.

In Portuguese. In the main body of this work, the author discusses the sounds of European Portuguese and proposes a standard transcription. Includes a pronouncing dictionary of Portuguese place names in IPA and SAMPA.

In Danish. A general dictionary of the language. Gives pronunciations for each entry (except derived or compound words) in IPA. Audio pronunciations are also provided. Proper names are usually not included. Part of the interface is available in English under the name The Danish Dictionary at _en.

In English. A general dictionary of the language. First published in 2001 by Van Dale Lexicografie bv as Ster Woordenboek Engels-Nederlands/Nederlands-Engels. Gives pronunciation for each entry in IPA. Proper names other than names of prominent countries and regions are usually not included.

According to the help file, CEPD on CD-ROM "is the complete electronic version of this classic English pronunciation guide." Though the CD-ROM's User's Guide (p. 4) asserts that it "contains all the entries in the printed book and much more," it should be noted that the eighty-seven "information" panels and the twenty-six "Pronouncing the letter ..." panels that start each letter section in the printed version do not appear here. The former provide a wealth of information on a variety of phonetic issues, from "Abbreviations" to "Weak forms"; the latter contain the much needed summary advice on common grapho-phonemic correspondences of English. For some reason the user of the electronic version of the dictionary is deprived of access to these sections of the traditional hard-copy edition. The twenty-page introduction to the printed CEPD, with such sections as "Whose pronunciation is represented?," "Principles of transcription," and "The International Phonetic Alphabet," is also absent. [-1-]

The CD-ROM Help file is entirely devoted to the mechanics of installing and using the electronic dictionary (see Figure 2); it doesn't supply instructions regarding phonemic searches and non-English language operating systems.

Unlike in the case of the dictionary's macrostructure, the microstructure of the entries in the electronic CEPD practically mimics that of the printed page, with the added benefit of colour: (a) black for British phonetic transcription and "compounds or phrases which are part of another entry" (CD-ROM User's Guide, p. 8), (b) red for inflectional endings and British transcription (if different from American), (c) dark blue for headwords and stems of inflected words, and (d) light blue for American transcription. Inflected forms are nicely aligned with left indentation, which makes for better visual scanning than in the run-on three-columns-per-page hard copy of the dictionary. The IPA transcription is rendered with the standard SIL font, widely used in phonetic word-processing all over the world.

The global screen layout conforms to another lexicographic standard: the word search box with the dynamically expanding word/result list on the left, the much larger main dictionary window on the right, and the pull-down menus across the top toolbar (see Figure 1). All fonts are clearly legible at the standard resolution of 1024x768 pixels and in all three font sizes selectable from the CEPD options menu (small, medium, and large).

This, rather austere, design, with no option of visual comparison to graphically displayed waveform pairs (model's and learner's), is a wise decision. The display is clear and uncluttered, and the learner is not faced with the hard and confusing task of relating the audio parameters of the soundwave (loudness, frequency, tempo) to those of its graphic representation (height, saturation, alignment). On the other hand, the opportunity to compare one's pronunciation aurally with that of a recorded native speaker is bound to find a warm welcome among learners.

Sound Search is an excellent pedagogical tool for a number of applications. It can easily produce word lists for materials and test construction, it will highlight the notorious English grapho-phonemic incompatibilities (cause of many learners' headaches), it assists the dictionary user in finding words of whose spelling they may not be certain and can raise the overall learner's awareness of English orthographic and phonetic patterns and preferences, thus creating an intuitive 'feel' which is helpful for advanced foreign language communication.

The CEPD is obviously an excellent didactic resource in the field of EFL/ESL. However, there are some problems with the design and functionality of the CD-ROM, which are in part unavoidable teething pains for this new baby of Cambridge University Press and TEXTware A/S, yet some of which reflect more systematic flaws of current electronic lexicography. After all, CEPD is not the first electronic dictionary to feature phonetic transcription, audio recordings or listen-record-compare exercises. In my review of Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (Sobkowiak, 2003), for example, I analysed some common weaknesses such as: audio-transcription mismatches, IPA screen rendition problems, limited and/or confusing representation of phonostylistic variation (due to different accents and tempos of speech), Sound Search and Pronunciation Practice functionality problems, and unused potentials. While not the first electronic dictionary, CEPD is the first electronic pronunciation dictionary on CD-ROM, so naturally any phonetic weaknesses in its design and implementation are immediately thrown into especially sharp focus. These will be reviewed in the next section.

First, orthographic entry problems: how to enter accented characters such as those that appear in fhrer or Gteborg? There are no instructions on this point in the CEPD help file. Certainly, it would be too much to expect users to know how to laboriously enter 129 or 148, respectively, to get the two accented letters (the old DOS method of getting the so-called upper-ASCII characters on screen). This trick would not help here, anyway: the only result is the disappearance of the cursor from the entry panel. Neither 'fuerer' nor 'furer' retrieves the correct word, either. The user is stuck. I leave it up to the reader to decide if this is a serious fault of the CEPD access mechanism. Second, transcriptional entry problems, e.g.: hitting the American flapped /ṭ/ on the phonetic keyboard puts o in the Sound Search box. This is consistent across different operating systems (Win98 vs WinXP) and regional/language preferences (English vs Polish).

Italicization and other abbreviatory conventions, which are generally adequate for a printed dictionary (Wells, 2004), may be confusing for active querying in this electronic version. For example, the CEPD has three kinds of lax schwa, standard, italic and superscript: only two of which are directly enterable from the Sound Search keyboard (first and third). Aniston with italic schwa matches the /*tn/ Sound Search query as the only hit. Nasals can also be italicised, as in genre /'ʒ:n.rə/ but notice that Sound Searching for /'ʒ:rə/ or /'ʒ:nr/ yields zero. Clearly, the combinatorics of abbreviatory conventions are too complex for the present edition of the CEPD.

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