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claudio

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Jan 2, 2022, 6:14:26 AM1/2/22
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Salve,

Giro per chi fosse interessato

Claudio ik8lvl



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AIR - RADIORAMA


Understanding and eliminating RF Interference by Jim Brown

Posted: 01 Jan 2022 06:48 AM PST

At the link : 

 http://audiosystemsgroup.com/K9YC/K9YC-old.htm

in the section : Ham Radio Publications , you can find a wonderful medley of info regarding the topic of the tiltle .

An odissey with some low cost noise generators

Posted: 31 Dec 2021 10:41 AM PST

Recently I have bought five  noise generators rated from 0.2 to 2000 MHz .

After a quick check I have realized that no one of them worked correctly or at all , all of them with common problems of designing and/or building , and other with also additional problems ( loss of components , bad soldering , cables broken during constructions ....

I supposed no one was really tested .


This was a start of the odissey ..... 

Checking the basic circuits is is made by a noise diode polarized with an LM317 with variable voltage with a trimmer , a 3 dB attenuator , a cascade of three monolitic amplifiers and another 3 dB attenuator .

The first hardware generated noise , whilte the second didn't because the output cable was cut in the middle after having rolling it while screwing the SMA till the cable broke into two pieces ! 

What you see is the module after repair ( you can note that the cable is shorter because I used the cut part remaining connected to the SMA connector ) . 

In the first module you can notice two capacitors missing on the right of the LM317 regulator .

This yelded errating instability during power up , I am sure due to autooscillations of the LM317 .

Anyway in both modules , the shape of the noise was very strange .



The fuzzy trace is the noise as it was at the beginning from 0 to 2.9 GHz with a Video Bandwidth of 
1 MHz 
The second clear trace is the mean of the noise made with a Video Bandwidth of 1 kHz after all the modifications I have made 



This is the same , but also with the first trace ( without modifications ) , mean with a Video Bandwidth of 1 kHz 

I noticed at first that the light of the LED was barely seen . The resistor for biasing was 10 kOhm . I changed with 1 kOhm and the light was better , but not as espected . Thinkink at a low quality LED usage , I leaved this for further investigation .

It took me some hours to understand the strange behaviour of the noise generator .

I didn't know what kind of diode was the one generating the noise . The voltage from the circuit of the LM317 was checked to be around 2V for both the circuit that with a resistor of 111 Ohm is enough to abruptly bias a normal diode .

Having a trimmer , at the end , with some reluctance , I tried to rotate it . 

Nothings happens till a point where there was big instability on the noise and then a clean noise start to be seen as in the picture  



The center trace is always the mean with a Video Bandwidth of 1 kHz 
The " hole " in the middle of the first division is simply an artifact of the picture during Spectrum Analyzer scan .

The voltage generated fom the circuit was around 10 V with the trimmer full rotated .
The LED start to be very bright because was connected to this voltage , so I put again the 10 kOhm resistor to bias it .

The voltage across the diode was around 5V , so it looks to be a normal 5V Zener diode .

The strange noise we saw at the beginning was generated from the first monolitic amplifier and shaped from the retroaction between the cascade of the three ( Barkausen principle ) .

In some point we could see signals received from the circuits or excess on noise showing that at this frequency there is an effect as a Q multiplier ( Barkausen principle ) .

All this ceased as you see when the diode was polarized . Wrong diode mounted ? Who knows ? Surely  bad trimming and no quality control check .

I went deeper into the LM317 circuit to understand while it changed so abruptly the voltage rotating the multiturn trimmer .

I don't know who designed this circuits . I can only say that it violate many good electronics practice and has nothing to do with the application circuits of the LM317  .

At the end I made modifications to follow the application circuits , but seen that at the end there was no variations from 7 to 10 V in the performances , I decided sinply to remove the LM 317 and mount a simple 78L08 monolitic regulator .

One of the five units was oscillating and apparently there was nothing to do as in the picture  .


I started to remove and short circuit the inductances on the output of the monolitic amplifiers that sometimes generate this kind of problems with the self resonances , without results .

I had to change the inductances with SMD 100 Ohm resistors , but this decreased the performances and around the frequency of self oscillation still there was a strange response zone with an excess of gain .

At the end I started to introduce again the inductances , starting from the last amplifier and found that the self oscillation came from the first amplifier .After this and other tentative and struggling ( two couple of afternoons ...!) I noticed that probably the soldering of the monolitic amplifier on the two terminals of ground was too long od not perfect . Adding soldering alloy on both ground terminal  returned the unit working as the other .

The odissey ended whan I noticed that the majority of the input connectors was not tighted and also some strong signals , like in the FM band entered through this path into the generated noise .

I suppressed this leakage with first two Ferrite impedance VK200 on both terminals and then I adopted two BLM41 SMD ferrites on all the units .

At this stage the odissey was ended and the generator can called a real " NOISE GENERATOR " .

Last measurement I made was the Return Loss at the output between 0 and 2000 MHz like in the picture : always better than 10 dB and always better than 20 dB till 200 MHz . 

The trace is fuzzy due to the noise .



Following is the picture of one modified units ( starting with the VK200 impedance on the power supply ).


Will see in another publication , how same things could happen also to very simplest devices , in this case an SWR Bridge .

Luckily in this case the repairs was done simply with two contacts with the solder alloy to create strips non present on the circuit board .

Again this means that also this units was not tested at all !
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claudio

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Jan 5, 2022, 6:21:42 AM1/5/22
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Salve,

Giro perchi fosse interessato

claudio ik8lvl



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Subject: AIR - RADIORAMA
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AIR - RADIORAMA


Posted: 04 Jan 2022 12:30 PM PST

 

 DAL 1972 50 ANNI INSIEME AI RADIOAMATORI DI TUTTO IL MONDO

 

Sapevi che il signor Martin F. Jue ha iniziato la sua attività nel 1972, ben 50 anni fa?

Inizio’ la sua carriera costruendo  filtri per CW in kit di montaggio per $ 9,95 e kit filtri SSB per $ 12,95 utilizzando i nuovi amplificatori operazionali ad alta tecnologia. Mise il primo annuncio MFJ su Ham Radio Magazine. Era un minuscolo trafiletto ed era solo pieno di gergo tecnico ingegneristico. A rileggerlo oggi non lo si capirebbe nemmeno, ma vendette oltre 5000 di quei filtri in un paio d'anni con quei piccoli annunci strambi.[i]

 


Dopo che l'annuncio fu pubblicato, gli ordini iniziarono ad arrivare nella sua casella di posta personale di studente. Martin aveva affittato una stanza d'albergo in rovina nel centro di Starkville per $ 16 al mese, ovvero 50 centesimi al giorno. Era una stanza che non poteva essere affittata a nessun altro perché l'impianto idraulico non funzionava e non vi era mobilio. Era in condizioni piuttosto fatiscenti. Faceva tutto da solo: incideva, forava, assemblava e saldava le schede, prendeva gli ordini, spediva gli ordini, scriveva gli annunci, insomma tutto da solo! Dopo alcuni mesi il direttore dell'albergo lo scacciò. Martin stava facendo troppo baccano!

Quando inizio’ a vendere filtri assemblati, cablati e testati, usava portare piccoli sacchetti con i componenti alle sue classi a cui stava insegnando e pagando 25 centesimi al pezzo. Quella . . . è stata la prima linea di produzione di MFJ.

Oggi MFJ Enterprises Inc. è uno dei più famosi produttori di apparecchiature HAM in tutto il mondo con più di 20.000 articoli nel suo catalogo.

Per celebrare i suoi 50 anni di attività nel campo della comunicazione radioamatoriale e se sei un appassionato di MFJ, ti chiediamo di condividere con noi le foto delle tue apparecchiature MFJ (o delle altre marche del Gruppo ) non importa se vecchie o nuove, se in produzione o non piu’; saremo felici e orgogliosi di condividerle sul canale ufficiale di MFJ Telegram //t.me/mfjenterprises .

 





Sentiti libero di contattarci e invia le tue foto a ambassa...@mfjenterprises.com

 

Entra a far parte della grande famiglia MFJ di tutto il mondo!


[i] La prima pubblicita’ a pagina intera apparve su QTC del settembre 1974

 

CQ Bande Basse Italia

Posted: 03 Jan 2022 02:27 AM PST


CQ Bande Basse Italia

- dalle 13.00z di Sabato 8 Gennaio 

- alle 12.59z di Domenica 9 Gennaio.



"""mancano pochi giorni all'edizione 2022 del CQ Bande Basse Italia, che si svolgerà dalle 13.00z di Sabato 8 Gennaio alle 12.59z di Domenica 9 Gennaio.
Siamo lieti  di invitarti a partecipare a questo contest che lo scorso anno ha riscontrato il record di partecipazione, con quasi 800 log inviati.

Il regolamento lo trovi all'indirizzo http://www.mdxc.org/cqbbi/regolamento/

http://www.mdxc.org/cqbbi/

Ti ricordiamo di aggiornare QARTest con il database dei soci MDXC, che troverai dal giorno prima del contest cliccando su "Controlla Aggiornamenti" nella prima videata (elenco log).

Per rendere ancora più interessante la competizione, il committee MDXC incoraggia i partecipanti ad attivare l'invio in tempo reale durante il contest del proprio punteggio su cqcontest.net.

Per inviare lo score da QARTest, scaricare dall'area download di QARTest il programma QAR2GetScores ed installarlo (se non lo si è già fatto). Seguire poi le indicazioni al paragrafo 11.8 del manuale di QARTest che indicano i semplici passaggi per attivare l'invio.


Ti aspettiamo on air!

Per il Contest Committee
IZ2KXC Fabrizio""""




IZ1KVQ
Francesco Giordano
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se ti va visita il mio sito
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claudio

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Jan 11, 2022, 3:51:28 AM1/11/22
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Salve,

Giro per chi fosse interessato

Claudio IK8LVL



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Date: Mon, 10 Jan 2022 22:02:44 +0000
Subject: AIR - RADIORAMA
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AIR - RADIORAMA


Guardiamo dentro ad un terminale terrestre Starlink

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 10:10 AM PST


Segnalato da Oscar Steila .

Tecnologia decisamente superiore per un prodotto consumer .

Sembrerebbe una parabola , ma non lo e' .....
 

Come vedere in tempo reale la posizione dei satelliti Starlink : "Starlink Coverage Tracker"

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 10:43 AM PST

Facendo seguito alla pubblicazione al collegamento :

https://air-radiorama.blogspot.com/2022/01/ricevere-i-beacon-delle-rete-starlink.html 

Per capire meglio in che direzione spaziale si dispongono i vari satelliti della rete Starlink ho cercato in rete degli strumenti in questo senso .

Alla fine ho trovato questo strumento che ritengo ideale : Starlink Coverage Tracker di Mike Puchol

https://starlink.sx/

Di seguito un paio di immagini molto significative  :




Si vedono passare in fila sciami lanciati per ultimi  , come dei soldatini rossi in fila , che stanno alzandosi di orbita ( da circa 350 km a circa 550 km )  e poi si sparpaglieranno .
I lanci sono attualmente di 60 satelliti .

In una file ne ho contati 48 . 

12 sono andati persi o non sono piu' in fila ? Non saprei dire . 

Alcune caratteristiche descrittive di satelliti e terminali si possono trovare a questo collegamento : 


Claudio Re 
 


Ricevere i Beacon delle rete Starlink solo con un normale LNB ed una chiavetta RTL

Posted: 10 Jan 2022 05:42 AM PST

Prendendo spunto da questo collegamento : 

https://www.rtl-sdr.com/receiving-starlink-beacons-with-an-rtl-sdr-and-lnb/ 

Ho voluto provare come da figura seguente :

Come LNB ho usato un Octagon PLL perche' ce l'avevo ed ho preferito iniziare con il meglio .
Idem per il ricevitore , visto che avevo l'ADALM Pluto ( 12 bit) gia' collegato con il PC .

Per l'iniettore di tensione ho usato un normale prodotto da antennisti e per l'alimentazione un alimentatore da laboratorio . Chiaramente bastava anche una scatola con una impedenza , due connettori , due condensatori ed un alimentatore a 12 V anche di quelli da presa , purche' stabilizzato .
Il DC Block l'ho lasciato perche' c'era gia' sul cavo , "ad abundantia" , ma non servirebbe ....

Tutto come da immagini seguenti : 





Visto che stavo provando SATSAGEN , ho dato una occhiata con la sua parte Analizzatore di Spettro e visti subito i segnali con Doppler rapido uscire fuori dal rumore .


Dal momento che la sezione Spettrogramma di HDSDR e' piu' evoluta di quella di SATSAGEN , sono passato a questo programma .


Una volta settati i parametri , ho lasciato solo la parte Analisi di Spettro e lo Spettrogramma con lunghezza pari a 4 minuti .

Difficile trovare un attimo in cui non si riceva qualcosa , anche nelle condizioni in cui e' posto l'LNB che si vede non sono certo ottimali oltre al fatto che tra OVEST a SUD OVEST ho delle colline che limitano l'orizzonte .

Questo uno dei tanti risultati variegati : 


Mi sono poi tolto il gusto di provare un LNB da pochi Euro comprato ai tempi al  LIDL  messo nello stesso posto , con risultati praticamente analoghi a parte uno spostamento di frequenza peraltro contenuto , ma analoghi risultati visuali . Teniamo conto che tutti i passaggi sono diversi per cui vere prove di confronto andrebbero fatte con due sistemi in parallelo . Quello che e' certo e' che anche con un LNB vulgaris si vedono benissimo le scie dei beacon e l'affollamento non da poco . 




Per finire questo esperimento ho messo l' LNB Octagon su un paletto sul colmo del tetto ( quello dove si vedono due direttive per i 6 m ) e verificato lo scostamento di frequenza con un segnale fisso di un generatore a 11325 MHz che si vede all'inizio di questa immagine che 'e risultato di 100 KHz circa , ben compatibile con in quarzo da +/- 100ppm che c'e' dentro l'LNB OCTAGON .








Per finire i giochi , verso sera , mi sono tolto lo sfizio di provare un' antenna planare Cinese con LNB Integrato ovviamente con direttivita' molto maggiore che pero' qui , non essendoci autopuntamento e' deleteria . 



Mi immaginavo che difficilmente avrei ricevuto qualcosa , invece le probabilita' di trovare qualcosa di rapido passare nei quattro minuti si sono rivelate alte ( di seguito un esempio ) .



Difficile dire se si tratti di un segnali sul lobo principale , qualche lobo secondario o qualche riflessione. Necessiterebbe approfondimento . Intendo provare con una parabola puntata magari contro le vicine colline o all'orizzonte o da qualche parte a caso per aria .
Guardero' le effemeridi per vedere piu' o meno dove passano o cerchero' qualche opportuno software di inseguimento delle orbite .

Altro esperimento che vorrei effettuare e' in portatile con orizzonti perfettamente sgombri in ogni direzione .

Si nota infatti che le "S" dei doppler sono sempre tagliate da una parte .

La spiegazione piu' semplice sarebbe quella che da un lato del passaggio nel cielo non c'e' visibilita' fino all'orizzonte .

Comunque mi sono divertito molto e soprattutto e' un esperimento semplice per chiunque che riterrei ripetibile anche semplicemente in un cortile che veda un po' di cielo .

Anche questo e' un esperimento che mi viene in mente di tentare .

Buon divertimento a chi vorra' provare esperienze spaziali simili con cosi' poco e successo garantito .

Chiaramente il tutto e' possibile anche con una semplice chiavetta RTL ed altro sofware .

Claudio Re 

claudio

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Jan 15, 2022, 6:09:10 AM1/15/22
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Salve,

Giro per chi fosse interessato

73 Claudio IK8LVL



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AIR - RADIORAMA


Again someone who really understood how a Mini-Whip is acting

Posted: 14 Jan 2022 01:24 PM PST

From the VLF Group on Groups.io 

Re: Practical installation of a PA0RDT mini whip antenna

From: Peter E
Date: Tue, 11 Jan 2022 22:59:26 PST

Hi Ron,

 I have been running one of these antennas for a while now and it seems to work quite well, as I seem to have been one of the few that heard the SAQ transmissions in Australia, and I regularly receive stuff from Germany and the States on 137Khz. I believe there is a bit of a misconception about how these antennas work, in that they should be placed high above ground on an insulated mast. The reality is that the screen on the coax is just as effective an earth as any steel mast, and (I believe) acts as an integral part of the antenna system. I still believe that having the antenna high above the ground improves reception, but whether you have a long antenna on a short mast or a short antenna on a long mast doesn't seem to make much difference.

 My antenna uses a 9M long fibreglass squid pole mounted on a 1M high earth stake. A wire taped to the pole acts as the antenna and is connected to a PA0RDT style amp at the bottom of the pole and earthed to the ground stake. The amp is powered by its own solar charged battery to avoid any noise pickup from the mains. A 1:1 isolation transformer drives a 20M length of double shielded coax buried in the lawn, connected to my shack. A LF common mode choke is also used on the feed into the shack and the coax shield is only connected to ground in the shack.

 If you have no high trees or objects near the antenna, then this is a big advantage as these objects will "shade" the antenna and reduce reception of VLF signals - I can hear this effect very easily with my handheld VLF receiver, walk near the trees and all the Sferics disappear. You also need to get as far from your house as possible, as it will radiate noise like you wouldn't believe, but you will have to do the best with the space you have.

 Just my 2 cents worth...

Cheers,

Peter - VK2AN

claudio

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Jan 16, 2022, 6:32:01 AM1/16/22
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Salve,

Giro per chi fosse interessato

 Claudio IK8LVL



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Date: Sun, 16 Jan 2022 11:26:14 +0000
Subject: AIR - RADIORAMA
From: AIR - RADIORAMA <noreply+...@google.com>
To: ik8...@virgilio.it
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AIR - RADIORAMA


Much more on the Mini Whip here with right conclusions

Posted: 15 Jan 2022 10:18 AM PST

Here there is much more following the previous publication at : 

https://air-radiorama.blogspot.com/2022/01/again-someone-who-really-understood-how.html





 https://owenduffy.net/antenna/PA0RDT-MiniWhip/

And especially these conclusions :

A) The feed line common mode conductor is a significant part of the antenna system.

B) The lower part of the antenna feed line (which is part of the antenna) provides a large portion of the total current moment.

C) The antenna is very susceptible to noise from sources local to the lower part of the feed line, sources such as house wiring carrying RF polluted current.

D) The PA0RDT certainly works quite differently to the designer's explanation, and the E-field magic just doesn't hold water.

E) As to whether it works well, that seems to be a personal matter for its users!

If you would like to see some practical results and measurements please look here : 

http://air-radiorama.blogspot.com/2019/03/anche-bocca-di-magra-le-leggi-delle.html

In Italian , easy translated with Google , but the important are the practical measurements of the C/N till 30 MHz in a real environment respect to other passive solutions ( MAXI WHIP ) .

Claudio Re 
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