Yes and no. Although my documentation may not state this fact, every app must have a Screen1 by that name.
There are two options:
Starting from a fresh copy of the project:
Make a copy of Screen1.scm and Screen1.bky files, do a replace on any references in them from Screen1 to Screen2' (as you did), then save those copies back in the archive.
Don't delete the original Screen1.scm and Screen1.bky files in the archive.
Then rename the archive back to an aia file and open it in App Inventor.
You can deleted your components and blocks from Screen1 if you wish now.
Fixing your corrupted project:
If your now corrupted file is your only copy of the project, then open it and copy your Screen2 files to Screen1; change their references back to Screen1 and drop them back in the archive. Rename the project with an aia extension if necessary. The project should now open.
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Scott