Thermal engines and beginning of absurdities in thermodynamics

[sorin]

Thermal engines and beginning of absurdities in thermodynamics

The present study questions the validity of Carnot (considered father
of this science!) studies about thermodynamic.
Two simple experiments are proposed.
In a first experiment a steam engine is feed with a nitrogen gas under
pressure greater then 15 atm and having a temperature equal with
surroundings. The engine steam works fine with this configuration;
more than that, the body of the engine cool down during engine working
and the surroundings must supply heat to such engine.
The logical conclusion of experiment: in order to perform useful work,
a motor needs a gradient of pressures and not a gradient of
temperatures as actual thermodynamics accepts.
In a second experiment some diesel engines are tested using solid
combustible materials. It is known that diesel engine was designed for
solid combustible material (charcoal), but due to rapid degradation of
cylinders and pistons, later, liquid combustible have been used.
At beginning a magnesium or aluminium dust are used as solid fuel.
Both these substances react strongly exothermic with oxygen. I have
chosen these materials because during combustion reaction, there is a
contraction of volume for reaction products. More precisely metallic
dust and formed oxide are solid and only oxygen is gas.
When a diesel engine is feed with this solid fuel, due to the
contraction of volume the yield of engine is diminished. The heat
generated in reaction is not sufficient to power the engine with a
high yield. In certain conditions (increase of combustible quantity
and use of pure oxygen as gas) the yield of engine goes down to zero.
This is because the increase of quantity of combustion materials,
decrease the amount of gases which remains in the cylinder after
combustion, so the pressure gradient decreases.
The case of combustible materials which burns without modification of
volume is analysed too.
Finally, the common combustion of octane is analysed and it can be
found that actual ,,thermal engines” are in fact gradient pressure
engines working mainly on the volume gradient an not on temperature
gradient. They are working because during combustion, there is an
increase of reaction products volume and this is the main factor which
drives the engine.
The text analyse the possibility to increase the actual yield of a
combustion process.
For engines, actual approaches takes into account as useful only the
gradient of pressure due to volume increase and release as useless the
enthalpy of reaction. Of course, sometimes part of this enthalpy is
used to warm the interior of the car, but all the rest is thrown away.
Using a secondary thermodynamic cycle this enthalpy of reaction can be
converted in mechanical work too and in this case the total yield of
combustion can be even doubled.
On the other hand, in other kinds of combustions, only the enthalpy of
reaction is used and the gradient of volume is discarded. For example,
into a thermoelectric factory, the fuel is burned at atmospheric
pressure and the gradient of volume is lost. In this case, only the
enthalpy of reaction converts some water in steam and after that an
electric generator is forced to rotate with a yield of about 25% . If
the combustion is performed in expandable volume, able to transform
the volume gradient into pressure gradient, and after that the
enthalpy of reaction is used in a secondary step to generate steam the
total yield can be greater then triple of present one.
As it can be seen, theoreticians invented stupid cycles which are far
away of what is happen in reality. Combustion in an engine or at
atmospheric pressure is working after complete different principles
then theoretical physicists’ imagination. Of course such theoreticians
need another life to understand the absurdities of their writings.
I do not expect from such theoreticians to do something to improve the
actual situation. They, like an inferior charcoal, are producing a lot
of smoke without a real mechanical work. In fact they have been
polluting intellectual atmosphere up to a such advanced level then it
is impossible for a simple mind to find the truth.
But, I expect from those really interested in engines design and fuels
consume reductions to appreciate my works.
As soon as possible I will contact the main cars and electricity
producers in order to present them a translated version of my
studies.
As usual the reference text is only in Romanian at this link:
http://www.elkadot.com/ro/termodinamica/Combustia.htm

Soon, there will be available the translated version in French,
English, Spanish and Italian .
Best regards,
Sorin Cosofret