I believe the reason why it's returning "changed": false in this particular case is because it didn't register or deregister your instance.
Returning "ec2_elbs" as an empty list is telling since this would normally contain the elbs that it operated on.
The module is doing something like
elb = boto.connect_elb(self.ec2_access_key, self.ec2_secret_key)
elbs = elb.get_all_load_balancers()
lbs = sorted(lb for lb in elbs if
lb.name in ec2_elbs)
What you will want to check is the contents of "ec2_elbs" and whether your AWS account can see the elb(s) you are passing in.
It probably makes sense for the module to fail in the case where we try to register an instance and the elb lookup fails.
-John