I think you are most likely to be successful if you set up a web server on your ansible controller and then use win_get_url to fetch and then run the .exe to install (or use win_package as suggested above as I believe this will retrieve from http and install).
Bear in mind you will have almost the same amount of traffic if you push from your ansible controller to each of your windows hosts as you would if you asked each of your clients to fetch from your controller. You would still be transferring roughly the same amount of data regardless of whether you did this via http, cifs (windows file sharing) or another protocol.
You could even use something like varnish to cache the http response into RAM to speed up subsequent requests for the same file, but probably not worth it if you are only have a small number of windows hosts to manage.
Jon