Educ 201

[Heartbreak Writhe]

Theeight partners of the EDUC European Digital UniverCity Alliance create a truly integrated European University with students, researchers, and administrative staff who learn, impart, and work at universities differing in size, age, native languages and focus. Using modern digital tools and face-to-face collaboration, we cultivate a vast network of shared knowledge and academic values between Western, Central, Northern, and Southern Europe, developing strong ties between local environments to tackle the global challenges of the 21st century.

EDUC-SHARE (European Digital UniverCity - Research and Innovation with and for Society) project - the research and innovation part of EDUC funded by the Horizon 2020 program - aims at introducing pilot tools to enhance multidisciplinary collaborative research, working on a long-term roadmap addressing key global challenges. Thanks to EDUC-SHARE, citizens, and youth specifically, have the chance to be engaged in science exploring ways to speed up technology transfer in diverse areas, spanning from ICT to social sciences and humanities, and nurture entrepreneurial mindsets among students and researchers.

Common R&I agenda developed within EDUC-SHARE facilitates joint research projects based on shared infrastructures, co-designed with the socio-economic stakeholders and citizens. Thus, the EDUC alliance will turn into a fully integrated university meeting all its missions (education, research and innovation at the European scale).

EDUC indicates respondents' educational attainment, as measured by the highest year of school or degree completed. Note that completion differs from the highest year of school attendance; for example, respondents who attended 10th grade but did not finish were classified in EDUC as having completed 9th grade. For additional detail on grade attendance, see GRADEATT as well as the detailed version of HIGRADE.

In the 1940-1980 censuses, all respondents were classified according to the highest year of school completed. Since 1990, this has been true only for respondents who have not completed high school; all high school graduates have been classified according to their highest degree earned. EDUC merges these two schemes by assigning each degree the number of years it typically takes: "2 years of college" for associate's degrees; "4 years of college" for bachelor's degrees; and "5+ years of college" for graduate and professional degrees.

This variable has both general and detailed versions. The general version collapses much of the detail available in each year, but is largely comparable across years. The exception is that the 1990 census form provided detailed directions on what types of degrees counted. Persons educated in un-graded or foreign schools were to estimate the American equivalent of their educational attainment. Vocational, trade, and business certificates were to be reported only if they were college-level degrees. The instructions specifically excluded barber and cosmetology schools and other training schools. Honorary degrees were not to be reported. The form for the 2000 census, the ACS and the PRCS provided examples of degrees that counted but did not specify what types of training should not be reported.

The detailed version includes all information in each year, but the dramatic changes over time in the measurement of educational attainment means that not all categories are available in each year. For example, the general code "5+ years of college" includes the following detailed codes: "6 years of college" (available only in 1960-1980); "7 years of college" and "8+ years of college" (available only in 1980); and "Master's degree", "Professional degree", and "Doctoral degree" (available only 1990 and onward). Users who perform case selection based on EDUC should carefully examine which codes are available in each year.

Users should note that in the 1940 full count sample enumerators were instructed to only record education up to 5 years of college. However, some enumerators recorded additional years of college; thus, the data contains legitimate cases of education values that are greater than 5+ years.

The detailed codes include "N/A or No Schooling", "N/A", and "No Schooling." Users should be aware that these codes are slightly different depending on the year. These differences result from varying age restrictions for each sample. To preserve detail in the original years, these codes are kept distinct. In the 1950 sample, people too young to attend school and those who never attended school are lumped together as code 000 'N/A or No Schooling'. For the other years, the N/A and "No Schooling" are coded as follows:

SCHOOL (School attendance) GRADEATT (Grade level attending) EDUC (Educational attainment)

ACS Years: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015

ACS editing procedure:

Note: In 2008, there was change to the editing procedures where groups of ages and grade levels that had previously been grouped together were addressed separately. For brevity, we detail the editing rules for the groups.

If all cases, the flag variables will indicate when the value was allocated (QSCHOOL, QGRADEAT, QEDUC).

If a person's age (AGE) is less than 3, SCHOOL, GRADEATT, and EDUC will all be replaced with "Not in universe."

The ACS asks if the person attended public or private school. This detail is not available in the IPUMS data. When the information on public or private school is missing, it will be allocated. When school enrollment is "Yes" and GRADEATT is not missing, the public/private value will be allocated from another person with a similar value for AGE and GRADATT. When school enrollment is "Yes" and educational attainment (EDUC) is not missing, the public/private value will be allocated from another person with the same value of EDUC. If the public/private value remains missing for someone with a "Yes" for school enrollment, it will be allocated from another person with a similar age.

For those who report not being in school, but do report attending a grade

If a person 18 or older (AGE) reports not being enrolled in school (SCHOOL), GRADEATT will be made "Not in universe." If a person 18 to 20 has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 8 or lower, SCHOOL and GRADEATT will both be replaced with a missing value. If a person 18 to 20 has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 9 or higher, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT.

If a person 21 or older has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being in Grade 12 or lower, SCHOOL and GRADEATT will both be replaced with a missing value. If a person 21 or older has a missing value for SCHOOL and reports being college or higher, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT.

If a person 3 to 4 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in nursery school or kindergarten (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 3 to 4 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."

If a person who is 5 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in nursery school through fourth grade (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 5 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 5, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."

If a person who is 6 to 7 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in kindergarten through fourth grade (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 6 to 7 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 5 or in nursery school/preschool, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 6 and 7 were no longer grouped for this step.

If a person who is 8 to 11 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 1 through grade 8 (GRADATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 8 to 11 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 8 or in nursery school through kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 8 to 11 were no longer grouped for this step.

If a person who is 12 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 1 through grade 12 (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 12 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 12 or in nursery school through kindergarten, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."

If a person who is 13-14 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 5 through grade 12 (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 13-14 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in a grade higher than grade 12 or in nursery school through grade 4, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 13 and 14 were no longer grouped for this step.

If a person who is 15 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 5 through undergraduate college (GRADEATT), SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person 15 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in graduate or professional school or in nursery school through grade 4, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe."

If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 9 through grade 12 (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is grade 7 to grade 12 no degree or missing, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in college (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is high school graduate to associate degree, SCHOOL will be allocated from someone with a similar age and value for GRADEATT. If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in grade 9 through grade 12 (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is less than grade 6 or more than grade 12, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." If a person who is 16 to 17 years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL), but reports being in college (GRADEATT) and educational attainment (EDUC) is less than a high school degree or more than an associate's degree, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." If a person 16 to 17 years old years old reports not attending school (SCHOOL) and reports being in graduate or professional school, GRADEATT will be replaced with "Not in universe." While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, ages 16 and 17 were no longer grouped for this step.

For those whose age is inconsistent with grade attending

If a person has a "Yes" or a missing value for attending school and the grade they attend (GRADEATT) is inconsistent with their age, GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value. While not detailed here for brevity, beginning in 2008, each age was addressed separately instead of being grouped together.

GRADEATT will be replaced with a missing value if:

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