If you're suggesting that a cdn://angular-latest.js is a generally good practice, I will have to disagree.
Most CDNs I've seen don't provide these kind of pointers and even if they do I presume it's to be used with sites like
plunkr.coWhy? Well, the cdn://latest.js will get auto updated to new versions and your app could break without notice.
In contrast, you have complete control over local libs, that are/should be version controlled too.
Also, having a CDN doesn't mean that the loading cannot fail or timeout - you should always keep a local static failover, just in case.
With regards to keeping references in sync between the website and unit tests, how about NOT having the version number in the filename so that you DON'T have to update it every time?
Or, alternatively, pointing to a symlink directory that points to the right version. Updating the symlink updates both.
Or, using a script to insert the right version.
It all depends on your tooling and environment - a package manager makes a world of difference.
As you say, it's moot because karma needs local files, but perhaps these points will make you reconsider your CDN strategy.
Hope this helps
Georgios