Can you try using the -writable-system command-line option.
By default, we made the system partition read-only to speed up AVD startup and save resources on your machine (a writable system partition requires copying the read-only partition into a temporary file first, and removing it in the end), and added the -writable-system option to re-enable the old behaviour.
I'm not sure why you're experiencing writable images on Linux, are you sure "adb root && adb remount" work on this platform? It maybe that the kernel thinks the file is read-write when it's actually only read-only (in all cases, this doesn't seem to be the desired behaviour).
Can you be more specific about the API levels and architectures being compared here (/vda and /mtdblock0 are very different).