Retrenchment in Recession. LPG Hits Generation Next Most and It Is Globalisation of Hunger. American Dream Balance Sheet Yet to Be Opened as Europe Replicates Asia in Plunge.Chavez Mocks George W. Bush as a Comrade and Lauds Nationalisation! Global Shares Fall as Recession Fears Take Grip.Barack Obama Has a 5-point Lead Over Republican John McCain. How May India Decouple with US Economy Continuing the Copulation?

[PalashKL]

Retrenchment in Recession. LPG Hits Generation Next Most and It Is
Globalisation of Hunger. American Dream Balance Sheet Yet to Be Opened
as Europe Replicates Asia in Plunge.Chavez Mocks George W. Bush as a
Comrade and Lauds Nationalisation! Global Shares Fall as Recession
Fears Take Grip.Barack Obama Has a 5-point Lead Over Republican John
McCain. How May India Decouple with US Economy Continuing the
Copulation?


Troubled Galaxy Destroyed Dreams: Chapter 87
Palash Biswas

25N. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO RETRENCHMENT OF WORKMEN. - (1) No workman
employed in any industrial establishment to which this Chapter
applies, who has been in continuous service for not less than one year
under an employer shall be retrenched by that employer until, - (a)
the workman has been given three months' notice in writing indicating
the reasons for retrenchment and the period of notice has expired, or
the workman has been paid in lieu of such notice, wages for the period
of the notice; and

(b) the prior permission of the appropriate Government or such
authority as may be specified by that Government by notification in
the Official Gazette (hereafter in this section referred to as the
specified authority) has been obtained on an application made in this
behalf.

(2) An application for permission under sub-section (1) shall be made
by the employer in the prescribed manner stating clearly the reasons
for the intended retrenchment and a copy of such application shall
also be served simultaneously on the workmen concerned in the
prescribed manner.

(3) Where an application for permission under sub-section (1) has been
made, the appropriate Government or the specified authority, after
making such enquiry as it thinks fit and after giving a reasonable
opportunity of being heard to the employer, the workmen concerned and
the persons interested in such retrenchment, may, having regard to the
genuineness and adequacy of the reasons stated by the employer, the
interests of the workmen and all other relevant factors, by order and
for reasons to be recorded in writing, grant or refuse to grant such
permission and a copy of such order shall be communicated to the
employer and the workmen.

(4) Where an application for permission has been made under sub-
section (1) and the appropriate Government or the specified authority
does not communicate the order granting or refusing to grant
permission to the employer within a period of sixty days from the date
on which such application is made, the permission applied for shall be
deemed to have been granted on the expiration of the said period of
sixty days.

(5) An order of the appropriate Government or the specified authority
granting or refusing to grant permission shall, subject to the
provisions of sub-section (6), be final and binding on all the parties
concerned and shall remain in force for one year from the date of such
order.

(6) The appropriate Government or the specified authority may, either
on its own motion or on the application made by the employer or any
workman, review its order granting or refusing to grant permission
under sub-section (3) or refer the matter or, as the case may be,
cause it to be referred, to a Tribunal for adjudication :

Provided that where a reference has been made to a Tribunal under this
sub-section, it shall pass an award within a period of thirty days
from the date of such reference.

(7) Where no application for permission under sub-section (1) is made,
or where the permission for any retrenchment has been refused, such
retrenchment shall be deemed to be illegal from the date on which the
notice of retrenchment was given to the workman and the workman shall
be entitled to all the benefits under any law for the time being in
force as if no notice had been given to him.

(8) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of
this section, the appropriate Government may, if it is satisfied that
owing to such exceptional circumstances as accident in the
establishment or death of the employer or the like, it is necessary so
to do, by order, direct that the provisions of sub-section (1) shall
not apply in relation to such establishment for such period as may be
specified in the order.

(9) Where permission for retrenchment has been granted under sub-
section (3) or where permission for retrenchment is deemed to be
granted under sub-section (4), every workman who is employed in that
establishment immediately before the date of application for
permission under this section shall be entitled to receive, at the
time of retrenchment, compensation which shall be equivalent to
fifteen days' average pay for every completed year of continuous
service or any part thereof in excess of six months.

Industrial Disputes Act | Laws India

Top most Firing IT companies in India

1) IBM — Right now this is the most firing company for IT
professionals. In the last 6 months, this company has fired nearly 20%
of their employees because of BG check and performance issues. This is
the most insecure company from an IT professional’s point of view.
They don’t have any strategic plans at HR policies regarding employee
security. No appraisals (maximum 10%).

2) Accenture — This is second top most firing company. The firing rate
is around 5%. This depends upon outsourced projects; they have a
unique system where Accenture development centers around the world bid
for a project coming into the company. Currently Philippines centre is
taking the cake and the Indian centers are in a firing mode.

3) WIPRO — Firing people with very frequent back ground checks and
firing them with out even experience letters and relieving letters
(will mention as terminated from services)but will promise the
employees that they will retain them. After the project is over they
will fire away. Will threaten of criminal cases against such employees
if they oppose the move and has also filed against some.

4) Intel — Recently joined the league. Running in heavy losses, hence
firing 3000 employees in the Banglore center in a phased out manner.

5) CTS — Has a steady firing policy (checking the Educational
background and previous employment and also employee performance in
work). In a Recent HCL walk-in, around 50% attendees were from this
company. Sadly the I-pods have not helped them.

6) CSC — Excellent package but fires folks in Background check and
those on bench regularly. Recently fired 400+ employees from its
subsidiary Covansys.

7) Satyam — Currently stopped firing. The Attrition rate is very high.
No firing from 2005 until now when 1000 employees were fired in
Hyderabad.

8. Patni —- They fired so many employees that currently they are
facing understaffing and deficiency with number of employees. Very
high attrition rate.

9) Keane India —- This USA based company is always involved in firing
employees. Although they proudly say that they dont have hire and fire
policy. Recently they fired java and as400 professionals after which
most of the employees have started to pack their bags. Employees
change this company within 1 year.

So take care before accepting offers from these companies.

Secure IT companies in India

1) Microsoft — Has projects till 2050.

2) EDS — Most secure company in India. Not laid off any of its
employees even during 2001. Has lots of projects in Defense and
financial areas

3) HP — Dream Company. In-house and outsourced projects

4) TCS — A govt. Company.

5) AOL, Google and Yahoo - Best companies to work with, great job
satisfaction as well as great salary and work environment. Rarely
fires an employee. As they are internet based companies’ they offer
lots of opportunities to grow.

6) HCL — A good company to be in. Called as a retirement company.

7) HSBC— This is the most secure company. It has never fired any
employee, even when they know that the employee is showing fake
experience.

8. Aricent— a communication based software company, has never fired
any employee and gives great perks & incentives, lot of projects in
kitty. Minimal level of attrition.

9) KPIT Cumminns Infosystems Limited —- This is the most secure
company not known to many. It has presently acquired CG Smith,
Bangalore and has lots of projects in pipe line. Acquisitions plans
will continue.

Source - Savitha
http://enagar.com/2007/10/31/top-most-hire-and-fire-it-companies-in-india/




Bank bailouts don't avert recession
(02:09) Report
Oct 15 - British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the International
Monetary Fund must be reshaped to help regulate the world's financial
system and avoid a repeat of the global credit crisis.

Brown was speaking ahead of a summit meeting of EU leaders. The summit
comes as countries around the world pledge funds to bail out banks
ailing banks. But though the banking crisis may have been averted -
recession has not.

Stefanie Mcintyre reports.
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Asian markets slump
(00:56) Report
Oct 16 - Asian markets slid on Thursday as fears grew that bank rescue
measures will not be enough to stave off a global recession.


Tokyo's benchmark Nikkei posted its biggest loss since the stock
market crash of 1987.

Anthony Trotter reports.
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Many economists see a recession as inevitable now. Several factors
will decide how widespread it is, how painful it is and how long it
lasts.

The Balance sheet of american dream is yet to be opened! The great
recession exposes the Globalisation of Hunger worldwide. Jet Airways
Retrenchment has just opened the Pandora`s Box as Air India plans a
cruel Lay Off for at least 15,ooo employees. IT sector would be hit
next. Personally, I would not be a little surprised if the FDI in
Indian Media industry withdrawn and scribes go jobless on largescale
as the psuedo intellectul mediacre mass of Indian population allowed
HIRE and FIRE set in. NDA degruped Media houses and minor papers
turned out to be multi edition Giants paying least. Neoliberalism
introduced by Washington Planted Dr Manmohan Singh and company way
back in 1991 and the nacked dance on LPG tune set the Moods of Sensex
Freesex XXXXX Shining India, now hits Generation next who knows
nothing but a few computer progrrams and may speak English with
American accent. It is disastrous. Indian Great Real Reality Show of
Jobless Drug Addict youth with Personality Disorder is yet to be
launched! Big Boss may prove to be the best trend setter!U.S.
industrial production fell a sharp 2.8 percent in September, the
biggest decline since December 1974, according to a report on Thursday
that was likely to reinforce fears of a recession. India has no option
but to follow the core country as the ruling Hegemony in India has
turned it into a periphery!

India opened up the economy in the early nineties following a major
crisis that led by a foreign exchange crunch that dragged the economy
close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew of Domestic and
external sector policy measures partly prompted by the immediate needs
and partly by the demand of the multilateral organisations. The new
policy regime radically pushed forward in favour of amore open and
market oriented economy.

A growing middle-class is being developed, but are others being left
behind? Organisations concerned with equitable trade met in Bern today
to look at how the free trade deal between Europe (in the form of the
European Free Trade Area) and India is affecting the latter country

Major measures initiated as a part of the liberalisation and
globalisation strategy in the early nineties included scrapping of the
industrial licensing regime, reduction in the number of areas reserved
for the public sector, amendment of the monopolies and the restrictive
trade practices act, start of the privatisation programme, reduction
in tariff rates and change over to market determined exchange rates.·
As Amartya Sen and many other have pointed out that India, as a
geographical, politico-cultural entity has been interacting with the
outside world throughout history and still continues to do so. It has
to adapt, assimilate and contribute. This goes without saying even as
we move into what is called a globalised world which is distinguished
from previous eras from by faster travel and communication, greater
trade linkages, denting of political and economic sovereignty and
greater acceptance of democracy as a way of life.



Over the years there has been a steady liberalisation of the current
account transactions, more and more sectors opened up for foreign
direct investments and portfolio investments facilitating entry of
foreign investors in telecom, roads, ports, airports, insurance and
other major sectors. It is interesting to note the remark made last
year by Mr. Bimal Jalan, Governor of RBI. Despite all the talk, we are
now where ever close being globalised in terms of any commonly used
indicator of globalisation. In fact we are one of the least globalised
among the major countries – however we look at it.


Despite this progress, poverty remains one of the most serious
international challenges we face up to 1.2 billion of the developing
world 4.8 billion people still live in extreme poverty.

Globalisation is the new buzzword that has come to dominate the world
since the nineties of the last century with the end of the cold war
and the break-up of the former Soviet Union and the global trend
towards the rolling ball. The frontiers of the state with increased
reliance on the market economy and renewed faith in the private
capital and resources, a process of structural adjustment spurred by
the studies and influences of the World Bank and other International
organisations have started in many of the developing countries.Also
Globalisation has brought in new opportunities to developing
countries. Greater access to developed country markets and technology
transfer hold out promise improved productivity and higher living
standard.It is true, of course. But globalisation has also thrown up
new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations,
volatility in financial market and environmental deteriorations.
Another negative aspect of globalisation is that a great majority of
developing countries remain removed from the process. Till the
nineties the process of globalisation of the Indian economy was
constrained by the barriers to trade and investment liberalisation of
trade, investment and financial flows initiated in the nineties has
progressively lowered the barriers to competition and hastened the
pace of globalisation.

In India, State-owned Air India on Thursday said it was open to
letting as many as 15,000 workers go on leave without pay for 3-5
years, but it would be voluntary action on the employees part. On the
other hand, Jet Airways, India's top private domestic carrier, was
considering returning some of its leased aircraft due to a decline in
demand and and a halt on its expansion plans, a senior executive said
on Thursday. The dreams of thousands of young men and women —from
small town to big cities — aspiring to don the smart uniforms of cabin
crew have hit an air pocket.

Times of india reports:
For the aviation training schools in Kolkata, the post-Durga Puja
takeoff couldn't have been more bumpy and training institutes are in a
quandary over the future of their students in Chennai in the aftermath
of job-cuts by Jet Airways. The pink slips set in motion by private
airlines tackling desi fallouts of the global financial meltdown has
led to a wave of anxiety in the string of airhostess training
institutes in Chandigarh, for long a magnet to the hordes of wannabe
flight attendants streaming in from small towns in Rajasthan, Himachal
Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and J&K.

Often coming from dusty towns in the interiors of Punjab, many of the
trainees who have taken loans and either sold or mortgaged their
properties to pay course fees ranging between Rs 16,000 and Rs 2 lakh
are a worried lot. Close to 2,000 students are currently enrolled in
aviation, travel, tourism and hospitality courses in airhostess
training schools in Chennai.

"We've been flooded with queries on future prospects. This industry,
like any other, has a cyclical nature. We are trying to explain that
it will eventually fly out of the air-pocket. But concerns persist,"
said Ankan Das, Kingfisher Training Academy sales and marketing head
in Kolkata. "It is the placement cell that will face the toughest
challenge. They have to woo recruiters back to the table," he added.

"I always wanted to be an airhostess. The scenario is upsetting. I
have already cleared the first round of interview with a major airline
and am hopeful of landing a job as cabin crew in a months time," said
Frankfinn Institute of Airhostess Training student Paulomi Roy.

The institutes are casting the net wide. They are talking about the
prospects in the hospitality industry to offset the downturn in the
aviation sector. Avlon Aviation Academy (AAA) in Kolkata has just
introduced a new course in hospitality to spread the risk. "Cabin crew
recruitment has been hit. There are lots of opportunities in aviation
beyond the aircraft. We expect recruitment of ground staff in new
airports to continue unabated. That should be 25,000 new jobs across
categories each year," said AAA regional head Warinder Singh in
Kolkata. Air Hostess Academy, too, is talking in terms of the entire
service industry.
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Retrenchment_sparks_anxiety_in_training_academies/articleshow/3600930.cms

PepsiCo, the US soft drinks and food company, yesterday announced a
$1.2bn costcutting drive with the loss of 3,300 jobs, amid growing
uncertainties over the outlook for global consumer demand.

The job cuts represent just 1.7 per cent of the group's global
workforce, but reflect a symbolically significant retrenchment by one
of America's best-run companies in response to the gathering
macroeconomic gloom.

The company also declined to give earnings guidance for its coming
2009 financial year, underlining the impact of the current turmoil in
global markets on business planning.

Indra Nooyi, chief executive, said PepsiCo was "facing challenges that
are really out of our control, and that affect others as well".

The latest joke is all about Indian labour laws and the impotent
ministery!

While the Govt Sector prepares for Direct Indirect RETRENCHMENT and
Mass Lay OFF, how it may intervene in the so called sovereign Market
and the corporate affairs?

But the Union Labour Minister Mr Oscar Fernandes said on Thursday his
ministry was looking into the issue of mass retrenchment of Jet
Airways' cabin crew. The minister who returned after attending a
labour conference in Bali said here that the iss ue is already under
the scanner of labour ministry and its details are being collected by
the ministry.

“The issue has been brought to my notice. There is a problem in the
aviation industry, specifically Jet Airways, and we are enquiring into
the matter,” Mr Fernandes said. The Chief Labour Commissioner's office
is learnt to have sought contract details of the 1900 employees who
have been retrenched by Jet Airways to ensure savings of $1 million
per month.

Ministers criticised it, sought a report on it and sympathised with
those at the receiving end of it, but hinted there was little the
government could do about Jet Airways decision to sack 1,900
employees.

"There is no responsibility of the government in this case. Our
responsibility is only to ensure that the economy is functioning
well," Science and Technology Minister Kapil Sibal said at a briefing
on decisions taken by the Union Cabinet.

He said the Cabinet did not discuss Jet's sack order at its meeting,
although Petroleum Minister Murli Deora separately criticised the
timing of the decision - right in the middle of the festival season.

"I appeal to (Jet Chairman Naresh) Goyal not to retrench people and
try to find some solution. We have supported Goyal several times (but)
this is not the right time to retrench people, particularly before
Diwali," he said.

Labour Minister Oscar Fernandes said he had asked the Chief Labour
Commissioner to submit a report (on Jet Airways sacking workers).

How may India decouple with US Economy continuing the Copulation?

India's enhanced non- proliferation commitments under the landmark
Indo-US civil nuclear deal constitute a "net gain" for the global non-
proliferation regime, the Bush administration said on Thursday, adding
there were "powerful" strategic, political, economic, and
environmental reasons" to support the Initiative.

Detailing the benefits of the Initiative launched by Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh and US President George W. Bush on July 18, 2005, the
State Department in a Fact Sheet said the steps taken by India, a non-
signatory to the NPT, would enhance the global non-proliferation
regime and prevent the spread of weapons of mass destruction (WMD).

"India's enhanced non-proliferation commitments strengthen the nuclear
non-proliferation framework and constitute a net gain for the global
nonproliferation regime," it said on the "unprecedented three-year
effort" by the two governments to get all the necessary approvals,
including that of the IAEA and the NSG for the deal as it welcomed New
Delhi to the non-proliferation "mainstream."

"Together, they constitute a dramatic change in moving India into
closer conformity with international non-proliferation standards and
practices, and form a firm foundation for the U.S. and India to
strengthen our efforts in the future to prevent WMD proliferation and
to combat terrorism," the Fact Sheet said, nearly a week after New
Delhi and Washington completed all formalities on the deal.

"There are powerful security, political, economic, and environmental
reasons to support this Initiative," it said.

Unemployment is rising, sapping the client base of restaurants and
hotels, but nervous suppliers are often demanding more money up front,
squeezing businesses on both.US$700 billion bank bailout in the US to
the coordinated cutting of interest rates by central banks last week —
have had little effect on freeing up money and getting banks to lend
to each other or their customers.

Though the precise definition of globalisation is still unavailable a
few definitions worth viewing, Stephen Gill: defines globalisation as
the reduction of transaction cost of transborder movements of capital
and goods thus of factors of production and goods. Guy Brainbant: says
that the process of globalisation not only includes opening up of
world trade, development of advanced means of communication,
internationalisation of financial markets, growing importance of
MNC’s, population migrations and more generally increased mobility of
persons, goods, capital, data and ideas but also infections, diseases
and pollution



Nearly half the U.S. workers polled in a survey released on Tuesday
said they were worried their jobs are at risk amid the current
economic crisis.

With job fears in mind, 25 percent said they were scanning help-wanted
ads or updating their resumes, according to the survey commissioned by
Workplace Options, a provider of work-life employee benefits based in
Raleigh, North Carolina.

Forty-seven percent of respondents said news of the financial crisis
made them fear for their jobs, the survey said, and 53 percent said
they were not concerned about their job security.

The same number, 53 percent, said they were cutting back on spending
due to concerns about the financial crisis.

The survey was the first about job security in the current economic
crisis commissioned by the company, and responses to the crisis and
job security have not been regularly tracked by the company in
previous surveys.

The nationwide survey was conducted by Public Policy Polling on Sept.
26 and 27. It polled 452 working adults in the United States and had a
margin of error of plus or minus 3.7 percentage points.


With its distinguished workforce and talented human power it is
spearheading to global expansion. Undoubtedly, India is riding on the
back of considerable growth of IT and ITeS segment which is the major
reason for high GDP growth from past few years. But, the so far well
doing sector seems badly influenced by the US economic crunch. The KPO
and BPO sector, considered flourishing segment is also going through
rough phase with add-ons facilities like meals, cabs being offered to
employees being truncated or ended. The recent happenings in US
financial sector like bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and acquisition of
Merrill Lynch by Bank of America to let former sustain the bankrupt
condition, has forced Indian IT industry to face the heat of US
economic downturn. BPO and KPO segment will face the heat for
forthcoming two or three quarters, indicated NASSCOM study.Also, the
GDP growth has been lowered to 7% coampred to 8%+ last year and the
anticipated 9% this year.The GDP forecast for the next year has also
been reduced to 7%. A recent syudy indicated that overall economic
growth will be around 3% globally for all economies accumulated.


The short-lived notion that Asia had decoupled from the US, and was
now operating independent of the American business cycle, is all but
dead. Asia is the biggest beneficiary of the rise in global trade over
the last two decades. Its corporate earnings, real estate prices and
much more are dependent on a steady inflow of US dollars and euros
through exports to the West.

But the IMF predicts growth in the 15 nations that use the euro will
fall during the second half of this year and barely rise next year.
(And that estimate was prepared in advance of last weekend’s IMF and
World Bank meetings in Washington and was already considered out of
date by many experts.) Britain, the only major European economy
outside the euro zone, is expected to shrink through next year.

Many in Asia, despairing of help from the West, are looking toward
Beijing.
True, for the last six years, the Chinese economy has charged ahead
despite every obstacle. In fact, Beijing was more concerned about the
economy overheating and spurring inflation. So China ran a budget
surplus, repeatedly raised interest rates and required banks to
deposit a remarkable one-sixth of their assets as reserves to the
central bank.

But facing slower growth, Beijing is suddenly trying to goose its
economy by cutting interest rates and taxes and lowering reserve
requirements. But the government is finding the economy is already
looking a little out of breath.

Economists see annual growth slowing from 12 percent a year ago to 8
percent or 9 percent this winter.

South Korea is already hurting.

US is in slumping stage as concluded last year, but initially it was
expected that it will not hit Indian IT at high node as Indian
companies are more dependant on domestic market. Considering last
year's scenario, our 13% goods were sold in overseas market thus
increasing the FDI. This indicates that our dependancy on foreign
markets is increasing. Nevertheless, it is coming true as of now
factually Indian economy is also facing the blues. US is the major
market for Indian outsourcers and around 60% of software industry is
based on the project being outsourced from that end.

With US, facing high economic downturn, Indian software industry is on
the reality check; what is stored for them in this economic slump.
Barring some top shots, it seems whole IT industry is crippling with
projects ended and future deals in abeyance. The companies are facing
the billing pressure indicating that meltdown is cracking the backbone
of strong Indian GDP growth and aim of being reckoned as global power
in coming few years.

What was considered as the golden period for Indian BPOs to prove
their worth seemingly is haunting them the worst. At initial stage,
many well known personalities like Narayana Murthy and P. Chidambram
stated that India will not get highly disturbed from this downturn of
market, yet will not be able to meet the targets of 10% annual GDP
growth.

Accounting the current wretched scenario of market, all those words
prove to be a condolence speech. Registering annual growth rate of
more than even 50%, suddenly Indian IT has come to a halt and crisis
which was never thought and considered. But to some, Nandan Nilekani
of Infosys, the phase is temporary and challenging for short term but
is positive for future outlook in long term consideration.

Getting on to some practical instances will throw a much clear light
on the current Indian IT situation. Just a month ago, Satyam Computers
decided to lay off as much as 4500 software engineers in wake of
restructuring and cutting down the IT costs (lay-offs were India
oriented).

Moving further, HP, the largest PC maker, to go well with its EDS
integration (which it acquired few months back) announced to lay off
substantial jobs numbering to around 26,000. Maximum of these pink
slips are decided to get distributed in Indian centers.

Further, Indian biggies like TCS, Infosys, and Wipro which were
considered immune to this retrenchment have deferred promotions, cut
off hiring fresher and even have shown pink slips to many who are one
or two year experienced.

READ with concern the report that about 300,000 Malaysians working in
Singapore might face possible retrenchment with the island republic
sliding into recession (The Star, Oct 13).

According to data released by the Singapore Ministry of Trade and
Industry, Singapore is the first Asian economy to fall into a
technical recession.

This further proves that we are not entirely insulated against the
current global economic crisis.

Volvo said it would eliminate 2,700 jobs in Sweden and an additional
600 abroad in response to what it called the “rapidly deteriorating
market situation.” Opel, the German subsidiary of General Motors,
temporarily shut down two plants to accommodate the steep falloff in
demand.

Carlos Ghosn, the chief executive of Renault, said bluntly last week
that the credit crunch left him with no choice but to start hoarding
money. He predicted a “prolonged and strong” recession.



U.S. retail sales post biggest drop since August 2005

* Producer prices dip but core remains elevated

* New York state factory activity gauge hits record low

* Data reinforces recession worries; stocks plummet (Updates with
market close, Fed's Bullard)

U.S. retail sales last month dropped the most in more than three years
while a measure of New York state manufacturing hit its lowest since
the index started in 2001, intensifying recession fears and punishing
stocks.
"We have an all-out consumer retrenchment under way," said Richard
DeKaser, chief economist at National City Corp in Cleveland.

In South Korea, exporters are suddenly struggling. In India,
industrial growth has slowed substantially. In Sweden, Volvo is
cutting thousands of jobs. In Japan, which thought it was immune to
the current market chaos, a credit squeeze seems to be forcing small
companies into bankruptcy.

Around the world, fears of recession have fed a stock market panic, as
worries about toxic assets spread from the financial sector to the
credit markets and now to the broader economy. Companies from Germany
to Asia are hoarding cash because credit markets are tight. The sheer
uncertainty of it all is upending plans for businesses to expand.
Consumers have pulled back, just as they received some relief from
high oil prices.

Even credit-worthy companies cannot get money in Europe. And across
Asia, export growth has slowed to a crawl or started declining in real
terms — and that was before US retailers announced steep sales
declines last Wednesday.

The US, once the engine of the global economy, is ailing and in no
position to inspire confidence, much less point the way around or out
of recession. Americans are seen as both the root of the problem and
powerless to solve it.

But no government effort has been able to stanch the bleeding — even
the unprecedented coordination of central banks on three continents,
which only generates more fear.

The liquidity provided by the European Central Bank, for instance,
seems to be going through a revolving door. After releasing billions
of euros into the market, the bank took in a record 102.8 billion
euros (US$139.3 billion) on Sept. 30 and 64.4 billion euros last
Thursday for banks. Instead of lending their spare cash to each other
or the rest of the economy, banks have parked it with the central bank
at ultra-low interest rates.


Last week showed the first concrete signs that the financial crisis
may be starting to damage Japan’s broader economy. On Wednesday, Tokyo
Shoko Research, a market research company, released data showing the
number of corporate bankruptcies jumped 34.4 percent last month from a
year earlier, to 1,408 failures, a five-and-a-half-year high.
Economists said the increase might reflect a growing credit squeeze in
which Japanese banks cut back on loans to smaller, lesser-known
companies.

Since the middle of last month, lending to even credit-worthy
companies has dried up in Europe.


Socialist Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez mocked George W. Bush as a
"comrade" on Wednesday, saying the U.S. president was a hard-line
leftist for his government's intervention of major private banks in
the U.S. financial crisis.The Bush administration, which has promoted
free-market policies throughout Latin America, resisted taking equity
in banks for weeks. But, faced with a spiraling financial crisis, it
reversed course this week with a $250 billion plan.Chavez, who the
United States labels an autocrat, is popular among his supporters at
home for criticizing Bush and sometimes wins praise abroad for voicing
anti-U.S. opinions.Despite the ideological differences between the two
governments and the diplomatic sparring that led weeks ago to the
countries expelling each other's ambassador, Venezuela remains a major
oil supplier to the United States.

Global Hunger Index shows developing countries making poor progress in
reduction of hunger and child mortality. The sub-Saharan nations are
worst affected with DRC having highest rate of hunger followed by
Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia and Liberia.According to estimates, to
reach the 2015 development goal, investment to the tune of $14 billion
will be required annually. The Sub-Saharan countries will require $5
billion to be pumped into their economy annually. A complete
restructuring of the methods of productivity and research, nutrition
and social protection and market and trade could help in feeding
millions of hungry mouths worldwide.

India, ranked 66 among 88 countries, shows that despite of economic
growth, the hunger scenario of the country is worse than about 25 Sub-
Saharan nations and worst among all countries of Asia, with only
Bangladesh lagging behind it. Madhya Pradesh is the hungriest state in
the country followed by Jharkhand and Bihar. According to the Global
Hunger Index 2008, over 200 million Indians are unsure about accessing
their daily bread.

The deepening poverty rate, extreme hunger and unemployment are
crippling communities and plunging the country into a "state of
emergency", according to Archbishop Njongonkulu Ndungane.

He gave the keynote address on the first day of the national dialogue
on poverty between the government and civil society organisations in
Boksburg on Wednesday.

The dialogue, hosted by the department of social development and the
National Development Agency, has been dubbed "All hands on deck - war
against poverty", with the focus on the role that civil society can
play in alleviating poverty in South Africa.

Ndungane said that while the current state of poverty was "dire",
there were a number of options available to turn the situation around
- beginning with reflecting on how people living in poverty experience
life.


However, IFPRI reports that India has made notable progress in
reducing hunger and child mortality and is very close on being on the
track to reach the 2015 development goal target.

WHILE THE international community is boggled by the global financial
downturn, triggered by the US sub-prime crisis, another global crisis
is seemingly being brushed aside as a typical problem pertaining to
the poor countries – the problem of hunger. The International Food
Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with German Agro-
Action and Concern Worldwide has released the Global Hunger Index 2008
that shows most countries making a slow progress to cut down hunger
and reduction of child mortality rate.
As part of the Millennium Development Goal, signed by leaders from 189
countries in September, 2000, the international community has set
targets to cut hunger by half and under-five mortality rate by two-
thirds by 2015. However, given the current slow level of progress in
the developing world coupled with the current global inflation and
financial crisis, the possibility of reaching the Millennium
Development Goal by 2015 appears bleak.

The Global Hunger Index is made according to three indicators – the
proportion of people who are calorie deficient, child malnutrition and
child mortality. The countries in the Latin American and Caribbean and
East Asia and Pacific regions have, however, made significant progress
on this front while the Sub-Saharan African countries are worst
affected by malnutrition and child mortality. Thirty-eight out of the
42 Sub-Saharan countries rank, show dismal progress with the
Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) being the country with the
highest rate of hunger followed by Eritrea, Sierra Leone, Ethiopia and
Liberia. Despite the overall gloomy picture of the African continent,
Mozambique, Ghana and Malawi have made considerable progress in
reducing hunger.

Fears grew on Wednesday that the financial crisis will mutate into a
worldwide recession with leaders calling for new global action to
counter slowing economies and market troubles.

As EU leaders gathered for a summit devoted to the financial turmoil,
a top US central bank official, backed by new data, said the United
States appeared to be in recession.

With financial crisis gripping the developed world, Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh on Wednesday raised the pitch for reforms in the UN,
G-
8 and other international institutions of governance and emphasised
that the voice of the developing countries should be heard.

Inaugurating the India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Summit here, he said
the Doha round of WTO talks should be approached purposefully so that
these negotiations are concluded in a "manner that promotes
development and inclusive growth".


On the other hand republicans have no esacape route to come out of
mourning Mode as Democrat Barack Obama has a 5-point lead over
Republican John McCain in the U.S. presidential race, according to a
Reuters/C-SPAN/ZOGBY poll released on Thursday. Nevertheless, the
zionist white apartheid hegemony, an interesting replication of indian
caste System would hardly allow a balck to be the Next US President as
at home in India, we see how the Dalit Queen is jointly blocked by
UPA, NDA and Left! With opinion surveys making Obama the favorite over
McCain less than three weeks before the November 4 election, attention
has turned to the question of how many white Americans might be lying
to pollsters about their willingness to vote for a black president.

The phenomenon is known as the "Bradley effect," after Tom Bradley, an
African American who narrowly lost the 1982 California governor's
election despite leading in polls.His defeat surprised observers who
concluded many white voters had not been honest about their
intentions. Ever since, pollsters have tried to factor in the Bradley
effect in elections featuring black candidates.

For supporters of Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama it
is a nightmare scenario -- his apparent lead in the battle for the
White House suddenly evaporates on Election Day. The cause? Race.

As Republican rival John McCain celebrates victory, it emerges that a
small but decisive percentage of white voters who had declared to
opinion pollsters they supported Obama actually chose differently in
the privacy of the ballot booth.


While, in New York, Federal investigators have opened an investigation
into the collapse of Washington Mutual Inc, the largest U.S. banking
failure.

Jeffrey Sullivan, U.S. attorney for the western district of
Washington, said in a statement on Wednesday that he has set up a task
force that includes investigators from the FBI, the U.S. Securities
and Exchange Commission, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp and the
Internal Revenue Service's criminal investigations unit.


Chavez, who calls capitalism an evil and ex-Cuban leader Fidel Castro
his mentor, ridiculed Bush for his plan for the federal government to
take equity in American banks despite the U.S. right-wing's criticism
of Venezuelan nationalizations.

Bush is to the left of me now," Chavez told an audience of
international intellectuals debating the benefits of socialism.
"Comrade Bush announced he will buy shares in private banks."

Chavez, who has insulted Bush in the past as a drunkard or the devil,
called him clueless on Wednesday. He accused him of simply parroting
the words of his aides without understanding the new policies that
rely on heavy state intervention.

"I am convinced he has got no idea what's going on," said Chavez, who
has nationalized swaths of the OPEC nation's economy in recent years
and is in negotiations to take over a Spanish bank in Venezuela.

Chavez lauds his nationalizations for allowing the state to refocus
companies' activities on helping the poor rather than creating value
for their shareholders.

New York:Stocks rose in volatile action after the open on Thursday,
as investors were encouraged by signs of further thawing in the credit
markets, but worries about a prolonged U.S. recession persisted.

The Dow Jones industrial average rose 98.92 points, or 1.15 percent,
to 8,676.83. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index was up 11.40 points, or
1.26 percent, at 919.24. The Nasdaq Composite Index added 22.23
points, or 1.37 percent, to 1,650.56.

Wall Street fluctuated on Thursday, seeking a direction after the
previous session's steep dive and after a reading on consumer prices
came in better than expected.

Investors were highly anxious after the market plunged on Wednesday on
a stream of bad economic news that underscored the likelihood that the
country is either in a recession or will be in one — and that the
downturn will be severe.

The flat reading on September's Consumer Price Index compares with
August's 0.1 percent decline, which was the first in nearly two years.
Investors are relieved to see any economic pressures ease on
consumers.

Meanwhile, a weekly snapshot of the job market showed that first-time
claims for unemployment declined last week, rather than increased as
had been expected.

The flat reading on September's Consumer Price Index compares with
August's 0.1 percent decline, which was the first in nearly two years.
The core index, which eliminates food and energy prices, rose 0.1
percent. Economists had been expecting CPI would rise to 0.1 percent
and that core CPI would increase 0.2 percent.

The Labor Department said claims for unemployment benefits fell 16,000
last week to a seasonally adjusted level of 461,000 — below the
475,000 that had been anticipated. Still, total unemployment remains
above economists often associate with recession.

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) said it was too early to say if more
steps were needed to ease cash conditions in its strained financial
markets, after freeing up 1 trillion rupees ($20.5 billion) of funds
in a series of measures. The BSE Sensex pared losses to 2.1 percent on
Thursday after slumping to its lowest in more than two years in early
trade, with lingering fears of a global economic recession keeping
investors jittery.India's inflation rate would remain in double digits
for some time, but it is now on an easing trend and policy can be
focused towards growth, a top economic adviser said on Thursday.The
near-term policy priority has shifted to ensuring enough liquidity in
financial markets as the turmoil in global markets has spread to
India, and with that there have been calls to shore up growth against
the risks of a global recession.

Industrial output grew at an annual rate of just 1.3 percent in
August, its slowest pace in nearly 10 years, as rising prices, the
aggressive rate rises of June and July, and slowdowns in key export
markets such as the United States and Europe have bit.

Finance Minister Palaniappan Chidambaram has said the fundamentals of
Asia's third-largest economy are strong and growth in the current
financial year would be close to 8 percent.

European Union leaders called on Thursday for action to preserve
growth and jobs and maintain industrial competitiveness as the worst
financial crisis for 80 years raised fears of a deep recession.

The 27 leaders said a forthcoming international summit to reform the
global financial system should take early decisions on transparency,
global standards of regulation, cross-border supervision and an early
warning system to restore confidence.

Despite the crisis the EU agreed to stick to a December deadline for
adopting ambitious legislation to fight climate change. But in a
concession to Poland, worried at the cost of greenhouse gas curbs to
its coal-based economy, the final decision will be taken by unanimity
and not majority voting.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy said he and European Commission
President Jose Manuel Barroso would travel to meet U.S. President
George W. Bush on Saturday to help prepare for a summit that would
decide on a "refoundation of capitalism."

Having won the backing of other major economies including the United
States for the meeting, EU leaders turned their attention to the
likely impact of the credit crunch on their own real economies.

A Reuters poll of economists on Thursday found 34 out of 41 surveyed
believe the euro zone is already in recession and most say it will
last between six months and a year.

"Of course we see that the economic crisis is there, and the question
I asked was: if we can bring coordinated answers to the financial
crisis, can we not bring a coordinated answer to the economic crisis?"
Sarkozy said, pledging that current EU president France would take
initiatives on the matter.

Prime Minister Gordon Brown said market uncertainty would continue
until action to rescue banks and stabilise the financial system had
been finalised around the world.


Switzerland's two largest banks -- UBS and Credit Suisse -- became the
latest to say they were receiving emergency funding as the country's
government and other investors moved to shore them up.
Switzerland's top two banks took emergency measures to shore up their
finances on Thursday, with the state taking a near 10 percent stake in
UBS while Credit Suisse raised new funds from private investors.

UBS AG is getting 6 billion Swiss francs ($5.3 billion) from the state
in return for a 9.3 percent stake, while Credit Suisse Group AG (CS)
said it would raise 10 billion francs from investors including Qatar.

In America, Citigroup Inc, battered by the global credit crisis,
posted its fourth straight quarterly loss on Thursday, hurt by more
than $13 billion of credit costs and write-downs tied to complex and
low-quality debt.The bank said it was making good progress on shedding
assets and cutting costs. But tight credit conditions and potential
recessions globally could cut into its other businesses, from retail
brokerage to credit card lending.

Merrill Lynch & Co reported a third-quarter net loss of $7.5 billion
on Thursday -- worse than analysts had expected -- on write-downs and
credit losses on complex debt securities.

The brokerage house, which last month accepted a takeover bid from
Bank of America Corp, also said it would issue $10 billion of non-
voting preferred stock and related warrants to the U.S. Treasury under
the government program that gave Bank of America a $25 billion capital
injection earlier this month.

In addition, because of the Bank of America deal, Merrill said it was
no longer seeking to sell a controlling stake in its Financial Data
Services subsidiary.

Meanwhile, U.S. and Europe Union leaders agreed on Thursday to meet at
the weekend to prepare for a global summit to overhaul the world's
financial system, while fears of global recession continued to rattle
markets.

Central banks renewed efforts to free up liquidity and unblock frozen
lending, with further action from Switzerland, Britain and the
European Central Bank.

French President Nicholas Sarkozy, currently representing the EU on
the world stage, said at an EU summit in Brussels he would meet U.S.
President George W. Bush on Saturday.

"If we can bring coordinated answers to the financial crisis, can we
not bring coordinated answers to the economic crisis?" Sarkozy asked.

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown said the EU leaders had agreed on
the need to reform the international financial system as the world
faced its worst financial crisis in 80 years.

Underlining the problems, U.S. bank Merrill Lynch reported net
writedowns of $5.7 billion from toxic assets and Citigroup reported a
quarterly net loss of $2.8 billion.

Japan's Prime Minister, Taro Aso, said Washington may need to push yet
more cash into its banks to restore investor confidence, shattered by
a crisis that began with a U.S. housing market collapse and now
threatens economies worldwide.

American Dreams set to crash worldwide as washington reports reflect
the most volatile Job crunch and social Insecurity. Consumer prices
were unexpectedly flat in September as energy costs fell while the
latest jobless claims data indicated the labor market was still under
pressure, government reports showed on Thursday.

Analysts polled by Reuters were expecting the Consumer Price Index to
rise 0.1 percent after a 0.1 percent slide in August.

Another Labor Department report showed initial claims for state
unemployment insurance benefits fell a more-than-expected 16,000 last
week but a four-week moving average of claims rose to its highest
level since October 2001.

Beaten down stocks looked set to open higher a day after their worst
day since the 1987 crash, as futures extended gains. Treasuries held
steady at lower levels and the dollar edged higher against the yen on
the reports.

Analysts said moderating inflation and a soft job market give the
Federal Reserve room to cut interest rates further to boost a flagging
economy.
"With companies cutting back ... the outlook for payrolls and the
unemployment rate is terrible," said Ian Shepherdson, chief economist
for High Frequency Economics in Valhalla, New York.

"Even with the banking crisis easing, the Fed will be under pressure
from the macro data to keep cutting rates," he said.

So-called core prices, which exclude volatile food and energy costs,
were also milder than expected, gaining 0.1 percent in the month
instead of the 0.2 percent consensus forecast. Fed officials watch
core prices carefully as a sign of future trends in inflation
pressures.

Energy costs declined 1.9 percent in September after a 3.1 percent
drop the previous month. Energy services prices, which include costs
for natural gas and electricity, tumbled by 3.2 percent, the biggest
decline in the 61-year history of the data series.

A problem bigger than financial crisis

Behind the global financial crisis lies the bigger problem of
inadequate food worldwide, with over 850 million people already living
in hunger, an international aid group said this Thursday, which has
been declared World Foodless Day.

And the number could double in the next few years if governments
around the world would not prioritize agriculture programs that would
motivate farmers to plant crops instead of migrating to urban areas
for their livelihood, said Dr. Ines Smyth, Gender Adviser of Oxfam
International.

"This is an opportunity to revise investment fundamental policies like
investment in agriculture," said Smyth, noting that governments must
learn from the recent food crisis that affected most countries,
including the Philippines where the price of rice reached a record-
high.

Smyth, quoting an Oxfam paper entitled Double-edged Prices: Lessons
from the Food Crisis that tackled the recent food problem in most
developing countries, also said agriculture programs took a backseat
as most countries eyed globalization as solution to poverty.

The Oxfam report said global aid to agriculture dropped from 18
percent to 4 percent while food businesses like Chareon Pokphand Foods
in Thailand forecast revenue growth of 237 percent this year. In the
Philippines, public investments also declined in the last three
decades.

For the Philippines, local Oxfam said the country must monitor the
National Food Authority's (NFA) rice import operations, noting that
import overstocks are "now competing for warehouse space" which would
in turn threaten "to drive down farmgate buying prices for palay."

"This [food problem] requires structural changes in the ways that
governments, international institutions, and donors address poverty
and development, address the crucial role that smallholders play in
poverty reduction," according to the Oxfam paper.

Smyth also said governments must strengthen their social protection
system to meet the public's basic needs and to protect their source of
income from potential threats.

Other recommendations cited in the international paper were: adoption
of trade measures that would protect small-scale producers, strategic
agricultural sectors, and emerging companies; support for the creation
of trade unions, producer organizations and women's groups so they
could take part in the design, implementation and monitoring of food
and agricultural policies; promotion of access to assets and services
like land, water, seeds, fertilizers, technology, loans,
infrastructure and energy, particularly for women farmers; development
of labor legislation for rural workers and establish guaranteed
employment; and building of community-level resilience to climate
change to ensure that poor would producers benefit from higher food
prices.


Global shares fall as recession fears take grip!

Shares across the world fell for the second straight day on Thursday,
pummeled by signs the world's biggest economies were headed for
recession after a month of financial sector turmoil.

European stocks fell 3 percent by midday after Wall Street and Japan's
Nikkei both suffered their worst one-day losses since the stock market
crash of 1987, and the MSCI World stock index traded 3 percent lower.

U.S. stock index futures were up 1 percent higher, suggesting a pause
in the hemorrhaging even as Citigroup and Merrill Lynch posted big
third quarter losses.

Oil fell $1.70 a barrel, trading at less than half the record high of
$147 a barrel it hit in July, as fears of a sharp fall in demand took
grip, and the dollar gained as risk-weary investors sold higher
yielding currencies, unwinding carry trades.

Sharp equity gains on the first two days of the week were quickly
forgotten after dismal U.S. retail sales and the Beige Book report
underlined concerns about the economy. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben
Bernanke said it faced a "significant threat" from credit markets.

"The whole cliche of Wall Street arriving on Main Street is so true
now, with recession in the U.S., the UK, Europe and probably Japan,
and significant slowing elsewhere," said Bernard McAlinden, strategist
at NCB Stockbrokers in Dublin.

"Things have rapidly changed on the real economy and that has
implications for earnings," he said.

Handset maker and technology bellwether Nokia, eyed for clues as to
how a global financial crisis has hit consumer spending, posted
results that were below analyst expectations. But its outlook soothed
worried investors.


Air India crisis

"We are planning to offer leave without pay for three to five years.
We can consider it for about 15,000 employees," Air India CMD Raghu
Menon said.

He said those who take up the offer to go on leave would be taken
back, if they so desire, at the same seniority and last drawn pay.

An official of National Aviation Company of India Ltd, the holding
company of Air India, clarified that this was not tantamount to
retrenchment as was being done by private carriers Jet Airways and
Kingfisher Airlines.

Jet laid off 1,900 jobs as it tries to ward off the impact of the
financial crisis in the aviation sector.

The official said that a proposal for leave without pay could be
brought before the company's Board soon.

The government on Wednesday had ruled out any job cuts in Air India,
which employs nearly 25,000 people, with Civil Aviation Minister
Praful Patel saying that there were no plans to prune staff strength.

"No...Air India is not going to have any job cuts. Certainly it (the
aviation crisis) will affect the growth plans, it will affect the
future employment opportunities which would have come the way of Air
India in case the aviation industry was in a much better financial
health," Patel said.

"But as of now I do not have the luxury to say beyond the fact that
those who are working for the Air India shall continue to do so and we
shall not have any issue of people being laid off," he said.

Jet Airways hostesses protest layoffs

About 200 employees fired by top Indian private carrier Jet Airways
staged a noisy protest on Thursday, while politicians weighed in on
their side, demanding an inquiry into job losses in the struggling
industry.

Jet Airways said on Wednesday it would lay off 1,100 staff in the next
few days, on top of the 800 flight attendants already retrenched, as
part of efforts to cope with slowing demand, high fuel prices and the
global credit crunch.

The job losses and protests have struck in an industry at the heart of
India's economic modernisation, with millions of middle-class Indians
taking to the skies and carriers employing thousands of young men and
women in glamorous jobs.

The airlines are asking for the government to bail them out, but the
government, already facing a fiscal squeeze, has so far done nothing
to help.

Nevertheless, Petroleum Minister Murli Deora said it was the wrong
time for Jet to be laying off employees, while Labour and Employment
Minister Oscar Fernandes asked for a urgent report.

A spokeswoman for Jet Airways, which had a total staff of around
13,000 people, declined comment.

"We want our jobs back," shouted Jet employees, dressed in the
airline's canary yellow and navy blue uniform, pumping their fists in
the air, outside the office in Mumbai.

Analysts and activists said the sudden layoffs left the employees, who
were mostly on contract or probation, with few options.


India Inc's deal activity slips by 30 per cent
India Inc's deal activity has witnessed a significant downturn in the
month of September this year, with merger and acquisition transactions
volume as well as private equity deals, together plunging nearly 30
per cent in just one month.
The total number of M&A deals announced in the month of September
2008, stood at 35 with a total announced value of USD 3.69 billion,
while, there were 31 deals amounting to USD 4.63 billion in August, a
decline of 20.30 per cent, Global consultancy firm Grant Thornton said
in its latest issue of Dealtracker.

Similar trend was witnessed in the private equity investment scenario,
as only 16 deals with total value of USD 600 million were announced,
against 31 deals amounting to USD 944 million in the previous month, a
dip of 36.44 per cent, Grant Thornton added.

However, in year-on-year corporate India has witnessed an upsurge in
value terms as there were 71 M&A transactions with a total announced
value of USD 0.84 billion and 29 PE deals with a total value of USD
0.99 billion in September 2007.

Total number of M&A deals during the first nine months of this year
stood at 381, with an announced value of USD 26.43 billion, against
527 deals amounting to USD 49.33 billion during the corresponding
period in 2007, the report added.

The most significant deals during this period have been Daiichi Sankyo
Co increasing its stake to 58 per cent through open offer in Ranbaxy
Laboratories for USD 1.70 billion followed by UAE based Emirates
Telecommunications buying 45 per cent stake in Swan Telecom for USD
0.90 billion.

While Suzlon Energy increasing its stake to 86 per cent in REpower
Systems AG for USD 0.39 billion was the third most significant M&A
deal of September, the report added.

Sensex rebounds, ends 227 points down

The Bombay Stock Exchange benchmark Sensex on Thursday closed lower by
more than 227 points, but managed to erase huge intra-day losses
caused by negative cues from Asian and other markets.
The 30-share Sensex, which dipped by over 790 points to a more than 2-
year low in intra-day trade, ended with a loss of 227.63 points at
10,581.49.

Similarly, the wide-based National Stock Exchange index Nifty declined
by 69.10 points at 3,269.30.

The market remained weak following reports of more European
governments offering blanket bank deposit guarantees, as regulators
from Washington to Seoul scrambled to contain the fiancial crisis,
brokers said.

Asian markets plummeted for the second day in a row, with key Japanese
index Nikkei 225 reportedly falling over 11 per cent while Hong Kong's
benchmark Hang Seng declined by 4.80 per cent to 15,230.20 points.

The marketmen added that a third cut of one per cent in cash reserve
ratio by the Reserve Bank last night failed to influence trading
sentiment this morning, as did lower inflation numbers released on
Thursday.

However, later in the day, the market rebounded to prune early losses
following reports of Europe emerging from lows and US stock futures
indicating a higher opening.

The market recovered nearly 465 points during the day backed by
surging realty, banking and FMCG stocks. The realty sector gained the
most rising 137.79 points at 2,813.26 followed by FMCG index by 32.43
points at 1902.51.

Banking index gained 25.16 points at 5866.76.

Indian rate swaps fall as cbank infuses liquidity

Indian overnight indexed swaps fell on Thursday as a cut in banks'
cash reserve ratio (CRR) eased cash conditions, dealers said.

At 3:45 p.m., the five-year swap rate was at 6.86/6.94, compared with
6.99/7.07 at close on Wednesday.

"Increased cash availabilty in the system after the CRR cut has in
fact, pushed the swaps rates lower," said Anoop Verma, an associate
vice president with Development Credit Bank.

The Reserve Bank of India late on Wednesday cut banks' CRR, or the
proportion of deposits bank's have to keep with as cash, by 100 basis
points to 6.5 percent effective immediately.

This is a second successive move after it cut rate from 9 percent to
7.5 percent last week. The two cuts combined have released 1 trillion
rupees into the financial system, pushing overnight rates lower.

Overnight cash rates <INROND=>, a barometer of cash supplies in the
inter-bank money market, were quoting at 6.90/7.00 percent, much lower
than its previous close of 10.00/10.25 percent. (Reporting by Boby
Michael and Swati Bhat; Editing by Ramya Venugopal)
((boby.m...@thomsonreuters.com; Tel: +91-22-6636 7377; Reuters
Messaging: boby.michael...@reuters.net))

Bernanke says credit crisis menacing U.S. economy
Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke on Wednesday gave a dour
assessment of the U.S. economy, citing a "significant threat" from
shuttered credit markets in remarks that indicated he was open to
cutting interest rates further.

Together with dismal data on retail sales and factory growth, the
remarks helped send U.S. stocks on their greatest one-day percentage
slide since the 1987 crash.

Bernanke said it will take some time to restore normal credit flows
and pledged the U.S. central bank would continue to act aggressively
to fight the crisis. Importantly, he said inflation risks were ebbing,
which suggests Fed officials see latitude to lower borrowing costs
further.

"By restricting flows of credit to households, businesses, and state
and local governments, the turmoil in financial markets and the
funding pressures on financial firms pose a significant threat to
economic growth," Bernanke told the Economic Club of New York.

"We will continue to use all the tools at our disposal to improve
market functioning and liquidity," he said, adding that policy-makers'
aggressive and quick response crucially distinguished this episode
from the crisis of the 1930s.

Still, Fed Vice Chairman Donald Kohn, speaking separately in New York,
said escalating mistrust among financial institutions has hampered the
immediate benefits of lower interest rates. At the same time, he said,
inflation was likely to move lower as the banking crisis dragged on
growth.

St. Louis Fed President James Bullard said the unexpectedly sharp 1.2
percent drop in September retail sales reported on Wednesday increased
the risk of recession. "The third quarter, I think, will be flat to
slightly negative," he told reporters in Little Rock, Arkansas. "That
is going to push up the probability that it will later be named a
recession."


China vows to help Pakistan tackle economic woes
Thu Oct 16, 2008 6:25pm IST Email | Print | Share| Single Page[-]
Text [+]
1 of 1Full SizeBEIJING (Reuters) - China Premier Wen Jiabao pledged to
help Pakistan overcome its economic troubles, Chinese state media
reported on Thursday, though details of the assistance were not
disclosed.

Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari was expected to seek $500 million
or more in soft loans from its neighbour as it struggles to come to
grips with a financial crisis.

Premier Wen said the two countries were ready to advance their
strategic relationship a day after Zardari and China President Hu
Jintao signed 11 agreements on trade and economic cooperation.

Zardari, on his first foreign trip as president, had made clear that
commercial ties with China were foremost on the Pakistani delegation's
agenda, according to Xinhua news agency.

Pakistan is facing a critical shortfall in its balance of payments,
along with inflation at close to 25 percent and heavy government
borrowing from the central bank to cover a budget deficit.

Analysts believe the central bank's reserves are barely enough to
cover two months of imports and that the country urgently needs $3
billion to $4 billion.

"That Zardari would choose China as his first country to visit as
president shows the high emphasis he places on developing friendly,
cooperative Sino-Pakistani relations," Premier Wen was quoted as
saying by Xinhua.

"Whether it's confronting the present financial crisis or fighting
terrorism, China and Pakistan must strengthen their bilateral
cooperation," Wen said.

China agreed to provide $500 million in a concessional loan to help
Pakistan meet its balance of payment needs in April. Zardari hopes to
secure another concessional loan of $500 million to $1.5 billion, the
Financial Times reported.

Iran blames U.S. 'hegemony' for financial crisis
Thu Oct 16, 2008 3:12pm IST Email | Print | Share| Single Page[-]
Text [+]
1 of 1Full SizeASTANA (Reuters) - Iran blamed the United States on
Thursday for triggering global financial meltdown, saying the
"hegemonic" nature of the U.S. economy affected other economies.

Speaking on the sidelines of a conference in Kazakhstan, Iranian
Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki said it was time to set up a "fair
international financial system" to curb the impact of the U.S. economy
on world finances.

"The economic crisis in America had an immediate impact on the
economies of other countries," said Mottaki.

"We believe that this (crisis) was caused by moves to impose one
hegemonic economy on all the other economies."

Iran is at loggerheads with the United States and other Western
nations over its nuclear programme which Tehran says is for peaceful
purposes but which the West fears is aimed at developing atomic
weapons.

OPEC-member Iran says it would survive the global crisis better than
others because its economy had grown more independent since the 1979
Islamic revolution.

But economists disagree, saying Iran cannot stay immune from a
possible world economic downturn because of its reliance on oil
revenues to fund its budget.

"Unfortunately only one economy in the world continues to receive
revenue even when other parts of the world are suffering from the
crisis," Mottaki said, referring to the United States.

"We believe the only way out of this is to set up a fair international
financial system."


Karl Marx and the world financial crisis: Bernd Debusmann
Thu Oct 16, 2008 2:43am IST Email | Print | Share| Single Page[-]
Text [+]
1 of 1Full SizeBernd Debusmann is a Reuters columnist. The opinions
expressed are his own.

By Bernd Debusmann

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Capitalism as we used to know it is on its
deathbed. And those who predicted that the old brand, the unfettered,
American-promoted system, was a danger to the world, are being
vindicated. They include Karl Marx, whose thinking on banks seems
oddly contemporary these days.

The credit crisis that began in August last year and turned into near-
catastrophe this month is not over, despite the hundreds of billions
of dollars that governments are spending to save banks in the United
States and Europe from collapse and thereby prevent a global
depression. But there is an emerging consensus that capitalism needs a
21st century overhaul, not just emergency rescues, to save it from
itself.

When that will happen is not clear. "What we are seeing right now
looks like a very slow train wreck," says James Boughton, the
historian of the International Monetary Fund, or IMF.

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown has suggested an international
meeting on the pattern of the 1944 Bretton Woods conference that
resulted in the post-World War II financial order and created the IMF
and the World Bank. That system was dominated by Washington.

The United States, from where the credit crisis spread like a virulent
epidemic, is not likely to play as large a role in whatever new
"financial architecture" world leaders construct. As Peer Steinbrueck,
the German finance minister, put it: "One thing seems probable ... The
U.S. will lose its status as the superpower of the global financial
system."

"The world is at risk of losing its anchor ... the United States,"
U.S. financial strategist David Smick writes in his just-published
book on financial globalization, The World is Curved: Hidden Dangers
to the World Economy.

The opening chapter is darkly entitled The End of the World. Smick
said in an interview he thought a global depression was still possible
despite the steps taken by the United States and Europe to restore
confidence.
http://in.reuters.com/article/columnistNews/idINTRE49E9SR20081015

End the war on reality
Wed Oct 15, 2008 6:45pm IST Email | Print | Share| Single Page[-]
Text [+] -- James Saft is a Reuters columnist. The opinions expressed
are his own --

By James Saft

LONDON (Reuters) - Having conclusively lost, it is about time that
officials on both sides of the Atlantic propose a truce in their long
running war on financial reality.

The plans to inject government capital directly into ailing banks, to
guarantee further bank deposits and to stand behind interbank lending
are excellent first steps. They implicitly recognize the seriousness
of the situation and, by putting governments' deep pockets directly
behind proposals, they win confidence by concrete action rather than
obfuscation or misdirection.

But continued assaults on mark-to-market accounting standards and
short sellers show that many in positions of authority still
apparently think that suspension of disbelief is the key to fighting
the crisis.

The approach now is a heck of a lot better than it has been recently.

Britain stands out for aggressively recapitalizing its banks in a 37
billion pound ($64 billion) program and for starting a bank borrowing
backstop plan likely to set the pattern for Germany and France. This
isn't sufficient in itself, but it cuts to the heart of the problem:
bank solvency and liquidity. It also provides a measure of protection
to the comparatively innocent (taxpayers) and a measure of punishment
to the comparatively guilty (shareholders and bank employees).

Euro zone countries too took positive steps: guaranteeing new bank
debt issuance temporarily and committing to recapitalize
"systemically" important banks if needed.

Even the United States is on board and will use some of its $700
billion bailout package to inject capital into banks, money that will
be far better spent than if it had been used to buy up lousy debt at
farcical "hold-to-maturity" prices. (Yes, I realize they were going to
use a sophisticated auction process to ensure that fair prices were
paid for debt. No, I don't think that was going to work any better
than the sophisticated processes that came before.)
http://in.reuters.com/article/columnistNews/idINTRE49E51L20081015

Falling oil demand puts OPEC in a bind
Wed Oct 15, 2008 7:21pm IST Email | Print | Share| Single Page[-]
Text [+] -- John Kemp is a Reuters columnist. The opinions expressed
are his own --

By John Kemp

LONDON (Reuters) - For the last two years, analysts have argued about
how far oil demand would respond to the rise in prices.

But in the past few weeks evidence of a sharp decline in demand has
become incontrovertible, resulting in big cuts in forecast oil demand,
and posing a sharp dilemma for OPEC about how to respond when
ministers meet on Nov 18.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has been steadily dropping its
demand forecasts for more than a year, as surging prices have forced
conservation measures and substitution for cheaper fuels, while a
slowing economy, especially in the United States, bites further into
demand.

Back in July 2007, the agency forecast global crude consumption would
hit 89.8 million barrels per day (bpd) in Q4 2008. Fifteen months
later, the forecast had been cut by a massive -2.2 million bpd (-2.4
percent) to just 87.6 million bpd. Most of the reduction has been
concentrated in North America, where the IEA has cut its prediction by
-1.6 million b/d (-6.1 percent).

The IEA still believes crude consumption will be higher than in the
same period last year (+400,000 bpd) -- but it would be the slowest
rate of growth in more than five years, and the forecast increase
relies on continued growth in China (+500,000 bpd) and the Middle East
(+400,000 bpd) to offset projected declines in North America (-900,000
bpd).

It is not clear how well emerging market demand will hold up if the
advanced economies tip into recession.

OPEC therefore faces an awkward choice over how to respond. It is
under pressure to allow prices to settle at lower levels as its own
contribution to stabilizing financial markets in consumer countries
and averting a deep and prolonged worldwide recession.
http://in.reuters.com/article/columnistNews/idINTRE49E5EZ20081015

Economic activity weak across U.S.: Fed Beige Book
Wed Oct 15, 2008 2:31pm EDT Email | Print | Share| Reprints | Single
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¥ € $ - Learn. Practice. Trade.WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Economic
activity weakened across the United States in September as businesses
revised capital investments, consumers curtailed spending and the
general outlook darkened, the Federal Reserve said on Wednesday.

"Economic activity weakened in September across all twelve Federal
Reserve Districts," the Fed said in its Beige Book report on the state
of the economy through October 6.

The Fed said retailers were seeing consumers pull back while
businesses were anxious about the future economic outlook, and that
weighed on their capital spending decisions.

"Several districts reported that capital spending decisions were being
influenced by economic uncertainty," read the anecdotal report that
the Fed uses to help it shape monetary policy.

Markets widely expect the Fed to trim interest rates by a quarter
percentage point at the next scheduled meeting of October 28th and
29th in the face of a wrenching credit crunch and broader economic
woes.

"Credit conditions were characterized as being tight" across the
country, the report stated.

Inflationary pressures moderated a bit in September, the Fed said,
while labor market conditions weakened in most areas. The report had a
bright spot for agriculture and reported "conditions remained
favorable" in most districts. Reports on natural resources were also
upbeat, the report said.

(Reporting by Patrick Rucker; Editing by Neil Stempleman)
U.S. plan may slow fire sales but spur bank mergers
Wed Oct 15, 2008 2:03pm EDT Email | Print | Share| Reprints | Single
Page | Recommend (1) [-] Text [+]
1 of 1Full SizeFeatured Broker sponsored link
Trading will never be the same.By Paritosh Bansal

NEW YORK (Reuters) - A U.S. government plan to inject capital directly
into banks could slow the recent spate of distressed sales but is
likely to set the stage for a new wave of bank mergers.

U.S. officials announced a plan on Tuesday to inject $250 billion into
the troubled banking industry by acquiring preferred stock and
warrants in a number of banks.

Half that amount will go to nine banks: Citigroup Inc (C.N: Quote,
Profile, Research, Stock Buzz), JPMorgan Chase (JPM.N: Quote, Profile,
Research, Stock Buzz), Morgan Stanley (MS.N: Quote, Profile, Research,
Stock Buzz), Goldman Sachs Group (GS.N: Quote, Profile, Research,
Stock Buzz), Bank of America Corp (BAC.N: Quote, Profile, Research,
Stock Buzz), Merrill Lynch & Co (MER.N: Quote, Profile, Research,
Stock Buzz), Wells Fargo & Co (WFC.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock
Buzz), State Street Corp (STT.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz)
and Bank of New York Mellon (BK.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock
Buzz).

The rest of the money will be offered to an as yet undetermined number
of smaller banks and thrifts across the country.

A direct injection of capital could keep more banks from failing,
giving them the option to seek deals on better terms than distressed
sales like the takeover of Washington Mutual Inc's banking assets
(WAMUQ.PK: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) by JPMorgan and the
sale of Wachovia Corp (WB.N: Quote, Profile, Research, Stock Buzz) to
Wells Fargo, experts said.

But depending on how the government decides to invest the money, it
could divide the industry into haves and have nots, with banks that
get government support better off than those that do not, leading to a
wave of consolidation as stronger banks take over weaker competitors,
they said.

"It creates the prospect of the government acting as a source of
strength to banks that would otherwise be forced into mergers," said
James Murray, head of Houlihan Lokey's financial institutions group.
"In the longer run, it probably is going to act as a catalyst for
mergers."

FACTBOX - Highlights of UK financial reform proposals
Wed Oct 15, 2008 10:26pm BST Email | Print | Share| Single Page |
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BEFORE THE BELL-United Technologies up after quarter results
More Business & Investing News... LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister
Gordon Brown called for a shakeup of global supervision of financial
markets on Wednesday to crack down on excessive risk-taking that he
believes contributed to the credit crunch.

A British document circulated at a European Union summit said the
world needed a new financial and regulatory architecture to update the
global financial institutions established by the 1944 Bretton Woods
conference.

Among the main points, Brown called for the following steps by the end
of the year:

-- Changes by the International Accounting Standards Board must be
rapidly implemented to address concerns that the application of fair
value accounting may be exacerbating the downward spiral of asset
prices. The EU adopted the change on Wednesday and it takes effect
immediately, backdated to July

-- Banks should make further best practice risk disclosures in their
financial reports. Banking supervisors are already monitoring reports
and calling for improvements

-- The Basel Committee of banking supervisors should immediately set
forth strengthened capital requirements for banks' securitisation
activities to restore confidence and enable a market to be re-
established. The Basel Committee is already consulting on beefing up
aspects of capital requirements and the European Commission has
proposed tougher rules on securitisation at banks

-- National authorities should set up 30 supervisory colleges that
would cooperate on regulating major cross-border financial
institutions. Attempts to set up colleges to oversee insurers have
floundered as nearly half of EU states balk at giving up powers to a
cross-border company's home regulator. A similar system has also been
proposed for banks.

By the spring 2009 meetings of the International Monetary Fund and
World Bank, Britain said urgent work was needed to:

-- prepare proposals to tackle executive pay that encourages excessive
and irresponsible risk-taking by financial institutions. The European
Commission is already studying this.

-- ensure that firms have incentives to properly assess risks in
products they sell, through tough disclosure and due diligence
requirements.

It also called for:

-- action by market participants to enhance transparency in relation
to the assets underlying structured products

-- the creation of a forum of regulators and central banks to identify
and address macro-financial and systemic risks.

-- a new global financial architecture that would deliver a global
early warning system of risks to financial stability, globally
accepted standards of regulation, effective cross-border supervision
of global firms and mechanisms for cooperation in a crisis.

It said the International Monetary Fund must work more closely with
the Financial Stability Forum -- a group of top financial regulators
-- to provide a clear warning of risks to global macroeconomic and
financial stability.

The Financial Stability Forum should become the key coordinating body
to provide strategic guidance and focus to regulators, it added.

(Reporting by Adrian Croft; editing by Jon Boyle)

India, China strengthen business ties at Guangzhou trade fair
16 Oct, 2008, 1950 hrs IST, IANS

NEW DELHI: Indian and Chinese exporters Wednesday signed a pact at a
trade fair in Guangzhou, China, to promote bilateral trade
cooperation.


"This (agreement) is an attempt to realise the target of $60 billion
bilateral trade by 2010," said Ajay Sahai, director general of the
Federation of Indian Exports Organisations (Fieo) at the 104th China
Import Export Fair in Guangzhou.

Fieo, the apex body of various export promotion councils in India,
signed the agreement with the China Council for Promotion of
International Trade.

Chinese companies had Oct 11 signed trade contracts worth millions of
dollars with their Indian counterparts in New Delhi, which according
to Chinese Vice Minister of Commerce Gao Hucheng is the first major
step to close the yawning trade gap between the two countries.

Over 30 agreements worth $350 million were inked between Indian and
Chinese companies. Sahai in a statement said better wages in China and
constant appreciation of its currency created an ideal condition for
Indian companies to market in that country.

Fieo is taking part in the Guangzhou fair, China's biggest business
expo, with an over 70-member delegation from top India companies. Over
55,000 companies are participating in the above mega event from across
the globe.

Indian companies have also received ample response especially in
sectors concerning consumer goods and engineering items, said Fieo in
the statement. Fieo has also planned to set up a warehouse facility in
Guangzhou in China, which will become operational shortly.

Kamal Nath hints at `hire and fire' in special economic zones
Our Bureau




New Delhi , April 23

THE Commerce and Industry Minister, Mr Kamal Nath, has indicated that
the Central Government would not come in the way of States that are
keen on adopting some form of hire and fire labour policies in special
economic zones (SEZs).

Mr Kamal Nath, who is expected to introduce a comprehensive Bill on
SEZs in the current session of Parliament, told the BBC programme Hard
Talk India that there are proposals from the State Governments that
they should be able to have the labour policies that they would like
for the export-oriented units and SEZs.

"The State Governments asked for it. The question now is should the
Central Government stand in the way of the State Governments
implementing labour laws that they think are more befitting and more
employment generating? I don't think so," Mr Nath said.

He also made it clear that the Centre would in the SEZ Bill enable
States to decide which of the labour laws they would like to have. "We
(Centre) are not relaxing labour laws," he said.

Asked specifically if this would enable the States to have some form
of hire and fire, Mr Kamal Nath replied, "Absolutely. It's for the
State Governments to decide."

On allowing foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail trade, Mr Kamal
Nath insisted that he would not permit foreign investment unless he
had a model that would suit India's purposes and not create
unemployment.

"I am saying we need to look at a model. I don't have that model (as
yet)... I'm the Minister responsible for this. I have said this very
clearly that we will only have FDI in retail when we have a model that
takes care of the incrementality in retail and create jobs... There
are models, which we are examining and if there is a model that suits
me (then) sure we are going to have it. (But) if there is a model that
is going to create unemployment we are not going to," he said.

When asked whether he would create laws that would determine the
location and size of foreign retail outlets, Mr Kamal Nath said, "I
will have a law that ensures that the model that could be worked
works. First, I have to have a model and then think of the law."

Explaining the way he approached the issue of allowing FDI into the
country's retail sector, Mr Kamal Nath said, "When I talk about retail
and allowing FDI in retail I talk of what is incremental. Today our
retail sector is growing at 20 per cent and incremental retail which
does not replace or displace the existing retail structure we have is
what we are looking at ... We are looking at a model for opening up
the retail sector to FDI that does not

risk, displace or replace my existing retailer. We are looking at
incremental employment."

On the sort of retail sector he would want to see in the future, Mr
Kamal Nath said: "I want to see that our retail sector which comes in
future is modern, creates a cold-chain for my fruits and vegetables
and trickles down to my agri sector. That's what I want to see."
http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/04/24/stories/2005042401560300.htm

NCEUS for conditional hire and fire policy

Agencies
Posted: Jan 31, 2008 at 1454 hrs IST
Updated: Jan 31, 2008 at 1511 hrs IST

Making a case for liberalizing labour laws, the National Commission
for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector suggested adoption of
conditional hire and fire policy, while safeguarding the interest of
workers.

"There is no harm in liberalising labour laws with a quid pro quo...
unemployment insurance," NCEUS Chairman Arjun Sengupta said, while
addressing the eighth Editor's Conference on social sector issues.

NCEUS, which has undertaken a review of the Indian labour law, is
likely to present its report to the government by February after
consulting trade unions and industry chambers, he said.

The suggestions would include amendments to the Industrial Dispute
Act, which prohibit retrenchment of workers by enterprises employing
over 100 persons without permission from the government.

In addition, NCEUS would also be suggesting creation of a labour code
to simplify labour laws in the country.

Explaining the proposals being prepared by the Commission, NCEUS
member K P Kannan said part of the unemployment insurance could be
provided by the employers to ensure that retrenched worker has some
kind of social security till he manages to find another job.

Sengupta also dismissed the general apprehension that rigid labour
laws are preventing employment generation but added, "flexible labour
laws are needed as they would be good for the workers."
http://www.financialexpress.com/news/NCEUS-for-conditional-hire-and-fire-policy/267456/

Probationers lack protection
SAMANWAYA RAUTRAY

Laid-off Jet employees outside the Calcutta airport Citu office.
(Pradip Sanyal)
New Delhi, Oct. 15: India’s labour laws leave no room for hire and
fire, a grouse of foreign investors venturing into the country, but
they won’t be of much help to the laid-off Jet Airways staff.

If the 1,900 employees “released” by Jet are probationers as the
airline said, the company has the power not to confirm their services
on the ground that their performance was unsatisfactory, lawyers
familiar with labour laws said.

“Services of such probationers can be easily terminated,” said senior
lawyer Raj Birbal, who is also a specialist in labour laws.

Some of the Jet employees today said their contract mentioned they
could be sacked only for misconduct. But lawyers said that as long as
employees are on probation, employers are free to ease them out citing
the “unsatisfactory performance” reason.

Constitutional lawyer Rajeev Dhavan, however, held out a thread of
hope for the retrenched employees.

“It is true that probationers can be easily removed from service,” he
said. “But such a massive removal — whether on probationary contract
(or not) — shows absolute non-application of mind. Such en-masse
removal is ex facie (apparently) arbitrary.”

In such cases, he said, courts could set aside the termination orders
on the ground of non-application of mind.

Before terminating the service of any probationer, Dhavan said, an
employer has to embark on an “individual exercise”.

“Each individual case of a probationer has to be carefully scrutinised
before the employer can actually say, ‘Thank you, but your services
need not be confirmed’.”

Otherwise, Dhavan added, hire and fire was virtually impossible under
existing labour laws. He also cited a landmark Supreme Court judgment
in 1991 which said hire and fire was an “unfair exercise of contract”
and, therefore, arbitrary and illegal.

Under law, no fixed-term contract employee can be dismissed except
according to the terms of the contract, lawyer Raavi Birbal said.

Once probation is over, dismissals are tough to enforce. Even non-
workmen — defined as those holding managerial or supervisory positions
— on regular employment can be sacked only in accordance with the
terms of employment specified in their contracts, Birbal said.

Workers in regular employment can only be sacked under Section 25f of
the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, which mandates that the employer
has to give them a month’s notice indicating reasons for doing so and
also payment in lieu of such notice.

Workers have to be terminated on the basis of last to come, first to
go. Plus they have to be paid an additional 15 days’ wages for every
year of service they have put in, she said. If the organisation has
more than 100 employees on its rolls, it has to also seek permission
of the government before sacking.

For years now, the government has been planning to make an official
nod a must for only those units that employ more than 1,000
employees.

It has also been thinking of changing Section 10 of the Contract
Labour Act, which prohibits contract labour if the nature of the job
is perennial. But like the rest of the ambitious labour law reforms,
they have remained stuck on paper.

Successive governments have tried to overhaul the labour laws to make
India a more attractive destination for foreign investors, but none
has taken off.

In 2001, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government had announced plans to
revamp the laws to allow hire and fire, but it couldn’t make any
headway.

Three years later, the Manmohan Singh government also made clear its
intention to change the laws, but hasn’t had much success — something
blamed on its former Left allies.

Labour minister Oscar Fernandes had gone out of his way to warn
private industry against adopting hire-and-fire policies. Days after
sacked workers bludgeoned their CEO to death in Noida last month,
Fernandes asked companies not to push employees “so hard”, only to
retract under fire from industry.

The workers — mostly contractual — were demanding higher wages and
permanent jobs.

Japanese company Hero Honda, operating from Gurgaon, was also forced
to take back all 57 employees it had sacked after a three-month-long
workers’ unrest.

The flip side of such a strict regimen has been a tendency among some
employers to keep recruitment down to the minimum and wages depressed.
http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081016/jsp/frontpage/story_9974842.jsp

Job Security Fears Grow Amid Economic Crisis
Triangle - Workplace Options Survey Shows Value of Work-Life Services
in Uncertain Times

RALEIGH - A national survey of working adults commissioned by
Workplace Options (WPO), the largest provider of work-life employee
benefits in America, revealed that employees are growing increasingly
concerned about job security amid the current economic crisis. As the
situation continues to broaden, they are also preparing for setbacks
by cutting back on personal spending.

Nearly half of the employees surveyed said they are worried that their
jobs are at risk, and over half are cutting back on their spending
because of that fear. Forty percent of respondents said that their
employer has not done enough to explain how the financial crisis could
affect their workplace. In addition, nearly a third of respondents
said they are working more hours and taking less time off, and 25
percent said they are actively looking for a new job or updating their
resume that because of the growing unease.

With the instability of stock market other financial indicators,
workers may find themselves more distracted and struggle with personal
and financial worries. Because of the current economic pressures,
employers are recognizing the value of work-life services to maintain
morale among employees and protect their bottom line. Work-life
services, provided by WPO, can help reduce worker anxiety over the
competing daily demands of work, finances and family by saving time
and facilitating proactive solutions. WPO provides personalized
assistance over the phone, and a Web site allows employees to search
for information independently. Employees can get access to financial
management resources --including debt management, budgeting or
foreclosure prevention, as well as resources for counseling, day care
and other services that meet their specific needs. Employers also reap
the benefits of these tools because they help maintain productivity
and morale during national, workplace and personal crises.

"The economic situation is a major distraction for everyone right
now," says Alan King, president of Workplace Options. "Employees are
worried about their jobs, finances, families and even health. Because
of these pressures, WPO is experiencing a surge of calls about
financial and emotional counseling. Now more than ever, employers are
recognizing the value and convenience of work-life services to help
workers navigate these tough times, empower their workforce and
maintain productivity."

The national survey, conducted by the North Carolina firm of Public
Policy Polling on Sept. 26-27, polled 452 working Americans. The
survey has a margin of error of +/- 3.7%.

About Workplace Options
Workplace Options (WPO) is America's largest provider of work-life
services. WPO's market-leading products are recognized for their
innovative Web delivery, flexibility and affordable pricing. WPO also
offers network management solutions and 24/7 call center services that
help EAPs run their businesses more profitably and efficiently. For
more information about WPO, please visit www.workplaceoptions.com.


It’s a time of uncertainty … there are real fears about job
security’BRIAN DONNELLY October 14 2008
Comment | Read Comments (1)Royal Bank of Scotland workers yesterday
had "real fears" for jobs as warnings of further nationalisation in
the UK banking sector emerged.

The Unite union said that while it was expected there were would be
redundancies if HBOS and Lloyds TSB merged, there had been
reassurances there would be no wholesale jobs cuts at RBS.

But concern was still high among the 16,000-plus staff with the bank
in Scotland.

advertisementAlison McLean, Unite RBS representative, said last night:
"It is early days in terms of what the impact is going to be. We've
been given reassurances from the bank that they want to get together
with the union and engage and that there will be no wholesale
redundancies.

"It is a time of uncertainty for our members. There are real fears
about job security. We will be raising those issues at the highest
level."

Political economists at Glasgow University said further
nationalisation may be necessary and also urged against moving RBS
businesses out of Scotland.

One academic said "champions" such as RBS are central to the success
of Edinburgh's and Glasgow's financial districts.

The university's professor Ronald MacDonald, who is also a fellow of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, said: "It is not good news for the
Scottish financial sector with two of our leading banks essentially
going bust.

"I suspect we may need a more wholesale nationalisation of the banking
sector. That way the government can step in and find out exactly how
much toxic debt is on the books of the banks."

Professor Gabriel Talmain, director of the university's centre for
economic and financial studies, said: "For people seeking individual
credit it might not change that much.

"What is much more worrying is not the immediate future of the users
but how these banks and the finance industry is going to look in the
next few years. These are major employers and major contributors to
the Scottish industry."

Garry Clark, of Scottish Chambers of Commerce, said: "RBS remains an
extremely important part of the Scottish economy. The retention of
headquarters and decision-making functions in Edinburgh is important
in this regard."

Scottish Secretary Jim Murphy said: "The Chancellor has saved
Scotland's historic banks. I am now focused firmly on preserving
Scottish jobs and head office functions."

Tavish Scott, leader of the LibDems in Scotland, said: "The proposed
takeover of HBOS by Lloyds TSB was conceived when no taxpayers' money
was involved. That has now changed.

"HBOS should remain an independent financial institution. The
government, with taxpayers' money, can now make that happen."

Grahame Smith, Scottish Trades Union Congress general secretary, said:
"This partial nationalisation must mark the end of the era of banking
irresponsibility."


© All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without
permission is prohibited.

http://www.theherald.co.uk/news/news/display.var.2460202.0.Its_a_time_of_uncertainty_there_are_real_fears_about_job_security.php




SELECT SPEECHES

India and Globalisation
This is a truly momentous occasion in the life of this Institute, its
students, its teachers, and its friends. Let me begin by conveying my
heartiest congratulations to the students who are receiving their
degrees today. For all of them, it is a culmination of years of hard
work, and a recognition of their high academic merit.

All the teachers of this great Institute, who have put in so much time
and effort to make this day possible, also deserve our gratitude.

I would like to specially welcome the parents of the students, who are
present at this Convocation. Without some sacrifice and a good deal of
support, successful completion of higher studies by young men and
women, who are here today, would not have been possible.

I am personally grateful to the President of the Indian Statistical
Institute, Prof. M.G.K.Menon and Director, Prof. K.B.Sinha, for
inviting me to be a part of this occasion. A scientist, a scholar and
a public figure, Prof. Menon has led this Institute with great
distinction. He has been a source of inspiration for all those
connected with ISI and its teachers and students. It is a particular
privilege and honour to deliver this address in his esteemed presence.

On this important occasion, I would also like to pay homage to the
memory of Professor P.C.Mahalanobis, founder of the ISI and the
builder of the modern statistical system in India. His technical
contribution to the development of statistics as a science are
fundamental and well known all over the world. What was even more
remarkable, in a developing country context, was his desire to use
statistical methods including sample surveys to understand and solve
the problems of an underdeveloped economy, including low productivity
agriculture.

The high quality, the depth, and the breadth of research and teaching
in statistics and other inter-related subjects at this Institute are
tributes to the vision of Prof. Mahalanobis and his confidence in our
country’s future.

While I am thankful for being here on this occasion, I am also a
little daunted by the task of having to say something useful which may
be of interest to this varied audience from so many different walks of
life. After some reflection, I have chosen to speak to you on "India
and Globalisation", or how we in India should look at the process of
so-called "globalisation" that the world has been passing through in
recent years. I had an occasion to speak on this subject at Mumbai
University Convocation a couple of weeks ago. This is a matter of
considerable contemporary debate, and I thought some reflection on
this may also be of interest here in Kolkata.

There is a debate not only in India but all over the globe about the
pros and cons of "globalisation". There is hardly any important global
meeting which does not witness vigorous protest marches or picketing
by the opponents of the globalisation process.

Equally, on the opposite side, there are those who regard it as
panacea for all the world’s problems and key to unmixed prosperity and
well being for all the countries and all the people. If you take a
poll in any assembly, including I am sure this one, you will find some
are strongly for and some are strongly against globalisation.

To my mind, neither view – for or against – is correct. The only
rational view is to accept it as an emerging and powerful global
reality which has a momentum of its own. Our job as an independent
nation / state is to ensure that we maximise the advantage for our
country and minimise the risks. It has both pluses and minuses like
any other major global economic change – say, the industrial
revolution of the 18th century. Some countries gained, some lost –
partly because of the then prevailing political circumstances. India,
for example, lost because of colonialism and fragmented nature of our
polity. U.K., Europe, U.S. – and later Japan prospered. Same is the
case with globalisation. One big difference, however, is that unlike
the olden days, today our destiny is in our own hands.

Before we look at our opportunities and challenges from globalisation,
it is good to be certain of facts – where exactly India is in terms of
globalisation. If we look at some of our own debate, it would seem as
if we were already well on the way to globalisation, which was shaking
up our economy. A most common measure of globalisation is openness to
trade and a country’s participation in trade. By this measure, the
extent of India’s globalisation is insignificant – it is one of the
lowest in the world. India’s share in world trade is a meagre 0.7 per
cent or so. If a map of the world were drawn on the scale of a
country’s participation in trade, India with a population of more than
1,000 million will occupy a smaller area than Singapore with a
population of only 3 million. You would need a magnifying glass to
locate India on that map!

A second commonly used measure of globalisation is a country’s
participation in international capital flows, particularly Foreign
Direct Investment (FDI). As you know, annual flow of FDI across the
globe is more than $ 1 trillion, i.e., $ 1,000 billion. Annual FDI
inflows into India is $ 3 – 4 billion only or 0.3 – 0.4 per cent of
the total – that is all. Same is true of Foreign Institutional
Investment (FII).

Therefore, the first point that I would like to emphasise is that
despite all the talk, we are nowhere even close to being globalised in
terms of any commonly used indicator of globalisation. In fact, we are
still one of the least globalised among major countries – however we
look at it.

An equally important point is that whether the so-called globalisation
is considered to be good or bad for a country depends crucially on the
sense in which the word is used. The word may be used in a purely
descriptive sense to describe a "shrinkage" of distance among nation
states due to technological changes in transport and communication and
closer integration of product and financial markets across the world.

Another sense in which the word may be used is the effect of such
changes on different countries or groups of countries, such as,
developed and developing. In yet another sense, the word may also
represent a "globalisation of ideas or ideology" and may be used as a
synonym for triumph of capitalism or dominance of unfettered markets.

In discussing the issue of globalisation in the Indian context, I
propose to confine myself largely to the factual and descriptive sense
in which the word is used, i.e. the technological changes, and
associated policy changes, that have brought the world economies
closer and made them more integrated with each other.

In this particular sense, I believe that the changes that have
occurred in the patterns of trade and capital flows in recent years
are to India’s advantage – although, unfortunately, so far we have not
made much use of it. Today, in terms of the potential benefits of
globalisation, India is in a very different position than would have
been the case 50 or even 20 years ago.

This is because the sources of what economists call "comparative
advantage" have changed dramatically in India’s favour in the 1990s
because of the technological revolution. In the old days, comparative
advantage was largely determined by "factor endowments", i.e. land,
labour and capital. Geographical location and early starts in industry
also conferred greater advantages.

Thus, at one time, a country’s trade pattern, was determined by its
natural resources and the productivity of its land. Leaving aside
political and institutional factors, a country’s level of income was
also largely determined by the global demand for its natural resources
and its relative efficiency in exploiting them. The importance of land
as a source of comparative advantage, however, changed dramatically
after the industrial revolution. Today, it is almost insignificant.
Thus, except for the United States, countries accounting for a
predominant share of the world GDP have a relatively small share of
global land area.

After the industrial revolution, the availability of "capital" or
investible resources became the most dominant source of comparative
advantage. At this Institute, established by the great Prof.
P.C.Mahalonobis, I hardly need to elaborate on the importance that was
attached to domestic capital accumulation in early development
economics. In fact, scarcity of capital and low domestic savings were
considered to be, and rightly so, as principal causes of a country’s
underdevelopment.

Today, availability of capital and productivity are still crucial in
determining a country’s growth rate. However, there has been a
dramatic change in the global mobility of capital, and national
boundaries are no longer important determinants of sources and uses of
capital. A dramatic illustration of this is the fact that the most
developed country in the world, which enjoyed unprecedented growth
during the 1990s, is actually a capital-importing country, i.e. the
United States. Similarly, the fastest growing developing country, i.e.
China, is one of the largest recipients of capital from outside.

Similary, labour is no longer an important element in cost of
production and in determining a country’s comparative advantage. In
most manufacturing industries in the world, it is no higher than 1/8th
of total costs. In India, it may be somewhat higher because of our
domestic laws, but the important fact to note is that India no longer
needs to specialise only in the production of labour-intensive
plantation crops or primary commodities.

A related development which is linked to the above changes, is the
"Services Revolution". The focus of attention in conventional
economics, was on production of goods – manufactured products and
agricultural commodities. It was, of course, recognised that the
services sector (which includes transport, communication, trade,
banking, construction and public administration, etc.) was an
important source of income and employment in most economies. However,
overall, the growth of services was perceived at best as a by-product
of developments in the primary and secondary sectors, and at worst as
a drag on the prospects for long-term economic growth.

In the last few years, there has been a phenomenal change in the
conventional view of services and their role in the economy. This
change has been facilitated by unprecedented and unforeseen advances
in computer and communication technology. As a result, the development
of certain services is now regarded as one of the preconditions of
economic growth, and not as one of its consequences.

The boundary between goods and services is also disappearing. Many
industrial products are not only manufactured, but they are also
researched, designed, marketed, advertised, distributed, leased and
serviced.

An important aspect of the "services revolution" is that geography and
levels of industrialisation are no longer the primary determinants of
the location of facilities for production of services. As a result,
the traditional role of developing countries is also changing – from
mere recipients to important providers of long-distance and high value
services.

From India’s point of view, these developments provide opportunities
for substantial growth. For example:


The fastest growing segment of services is the rapid expansion of
knowledge-based services, such as, professional and technical
services. India has a tremendous advantage in the supply of such
services because of a developed structure of technological and
educational institutions, such as this one, and lower labour costs.

Unlike most other prices, world prices of transport and communication
services have fallen dramatically. By 1960, sea transport costs were
less than a third of their 1920 level, and they have continued to
fall. The cost of a telephone call fell more than ten-fold between
1970 and 2000. Moreover, the cost of communication is also becoming
independent of distance. The most dramatic example in this area is, of
course, provided by the "Internet". India’s geographical distance from
several important industrial markets (for instance, North America) is
no longer an important element in the cost structure of skill-based
services.

It is now feasible to "unbundle" production of different types of
goods and services. India does not necessarily have to be a low-cost
producer of certain types of goods (e.g., computers or discs) before
it can become an efficient supplier of services embodied in them
(e.g., software or music).
At the same time, it must be recognised that the "death of distance"
and the growing integration of global product, services and financial
markets in recent years have also presented new challenges for
management of the national economy – not only in India but all over
the world. The trend towards integration of markets, particularly
financial markets, is by no means an unmixed blessing. Unlike the old
days, a heavy price may have to be paid by national economies for
somnolence, sloth and non-conformity to generally accepted
international norms and standards of macro-economic management,
disclosure, transparency and financial accountability.

Another consequence of recent global trends is the greater
vulnerability of national economies to developments outside their own
borders. A crisis in any one or a group of countries, can be
transmitted to other countries – including countries which may not
have any strong economic linkages with crisis-affected countries.
Thus, the ’nineties have been marked by a large number of currency
crises (for example, in Mexico, Russia, East Asia and Brazil – and
currently Argentina and Turkey); substantial swings in exchange rates
(including the exchange rate of three leading currencies – the dollar,
the Euro and the Yen); and run ups in asset prices followed by sharp
collapse (for example in Japan and East Asia earlier and the United
States last year). While the crises initially occur in one or two
specific countries, their adverse effects are felt across the world.

While we must be careful, on the whole, in my view, – the death of
distance, the services revolution, and the mobility of capital – which
characterise globalisation – present unprecedented opportunities for
India. The primary source of comparative advantages today are : skills
and ability to adapt and change. And, India has the advantage – of
skills, of entrepreneurship and of managerial competence in taking
advantage of these changes.

If what I have said is correct, then, why are we not jumping with joy
and optimism? Why are we so "unglobalised" in terms of our share in
trade, investment or communication?

Transition from a closed to a vibrant, open and a more globally
dominant economy will certainly take time and will not be painless.

As of now, we also have much greater tolerance for waste, non-work and
survival of the inefficient, and the self-seeking than other fast
growing countries. Somehow to make this transition – from a less
productive and less challenging economy to a more work-oriented and
competitive economy – is the real challenge of globalisation.

If we continue in our old ways, I see real social problems and
inequalities emerging in our society. We will have islands of
prosperity and excellence – IT, beauty parades and media entertainment
amidst growing disparity, rising unemployment and immiserisation. And
as has happened in several countries in the 1990s, including Turkey
and Argentina - just now, those who are with us today will be the
first to leave.

The principal lesson of recent economic and technological
developments, and growing tensions and inequalities within and across
countries, is that our fate is in our hands. Our public policies have
to respond to our own requirements rather than to any fixed global
ideology or a pre-determined and internationally prescribed model of
economic progress. In my view, this is the real lesson of the 1990s.

My fervent hope is that as you – the best and the brightest of our
country – go out and face a "globalising" world, you will keep India’s
interest, its integrity, its indivisibility and its future potential
close to your hearts and your minds. I have no doubt that, with your
help, India of 2025 will be a very different place, and a much more
dominant force in the world economy, than was the case twenty five
years ago or at the beginning of the new millennium.

Thank you.

http://www.bimaljalan.com/speech150102.html

Why India's globalisation has failed

By Prem Shankar Jha


The outcry from all sections of the population against Yashwant
Sinha's budget for 2002-03 has hidden not one but two failures of the
Indian economy. The first, which I discussed in a previous column was
the inability to control the fiscal deficit and thereby break the
stagnation of the economy. The second is the failure to reform the
structure of the economy in order to assure sustainable growth in the
future. This could prove the greater failure in the long run. This
failure is reflected by two indices — a relatively small change in the
composition of exports away from agricultural and light manufacturing
products towards the more complex, higher value added sectors, and the
low and declining inflow of foreign direct investment.

In 1990-91, the last year of the old economy, agriculture contributed
24 percent and sophisticated manufactures 21.8 per cent of exports,
while light manufacturing's share having gone up to 54.2 per cent. By
1999-2000, the share of agriculture had declined to 17 per cent, and
sophisticated manufactures had gone up to 29.8 per cent. Light
manufacturing remained at 54.2 per cent. There was, therefore, a
glimmer on the horizon, but compared to the transformation that took
place in East Asia in a comparable period in the 1980s, it was only a
glimmer. What is more important, very little of the change has been
contributed by foreign and joint ventures. Their contribution to
exports is not identified separately in official statistics, but is
known to be very small.

As for FDI, inflows have never exceeded a measly $3.3 billion. India
remains a country inveterately hostile to FDI in practice even if not
in theory. Between 1991 and 1998, only 21.7 per cent of the $55
billion of FDI approvals actually materialised as inflows. Other than
some investment in telecommunications and the much maligned Dabhol
power project, the bulk of this has gone into resuming majority
shareholding in existing foreign enterprises that were already doing
business in India. That business was, and remains, concentrated in the
home market.

The main, but not only, cause of this failure is the absence of
comprehensive structural (what Mr. Sinha calls "second generation'')
reforms, that is, reforms of the factor market and the administrative
system under which enterprises have to work. FDI flowed into
developing countries in the 1980s and the 1990s like a flood tide
because of the asymmetry between the progressive unification of the
global product markets and the increasingly rigid separation of the
national labour markets. This created wage differentials of 20 to 60
times between the highly industrialised countries on one hand and
India, Thailand, Indonesia, China and Vietnam (earlier also Hong Kong,
Singapore and Malaysia) on the other. But for an investor from the
mature industrial economy to want to exploit this labour cost
advantage, he must feel reasonably sure that it will not get offset by
higher non-labour costs. All the above countries were able to offer
this assurance. India failed.

The contrast with China, where foreign and joint ventures accounted
for more than 40 per cent of exports in the 1990s and 51 per cent in
the first half of 2001, could not be greater. It would be unreasonable
to expect India to duplicate China's success in gearing its economy to
the global production system. Despite that there were a large number
of lessons India could have and did not learn from China.

First, even after 22 years of liberalisation, China too has not been
able to complete its reform of the factor markets or loosen the
control of its gargantuan bureaucracy on industry. But it did
successfully create large islands in which the laws that made the
factor market rigid were suspended. These were its special economic
and development zones. The Vajpayee Government announced the
conversion of the export promotion zones (EPZs) into special economic
zones (SEZs) only last year. But all they did was to redesignate the
existing EPZs such as Kandla and Santa Cruz, and relax a few more of
the laws that govern investment and production within them.

Second, New Delhi has still not understood the purpose that China had
in mind, when it created its first SEZs in 1979,. This was to create a
work environment within a limited area that was as close a replica of
what foreign investors would find in Singapore and Hong Kong Circa
1970, or Petaling Jaya in Malaysia. It was this holistic approach, and
not a penchant for giganticism that led the Chinese to establish SEZs
that covered several hundred sq. km. each.

They needed this space to create not only factories, but power
stations that gave assured, high quality power, residential areas,
commercial and business centres, parks, hospitals, schools, custom
warehouses and container ports, and to equip these with a special
administration that was free of the labour and social welfare laws
that weighed down the state owned enterprises.

India also failed to learn from China's experience that to mesh one's
national economy into the global one it was necessary to attract
investment not into "sophisticated'' industries but into simple ones.
Sophisticated industries were not only the most difficult to set up,
but with rare exceptions were also the ones in which labour costs (as
against capital, technology, marketing, sales and servicing costs)
were the least important. That is why manufacturers in the advanced
countries had the least incentive to look for offshore, cheap labour,
production platforms in these industries. China, therefore, began by
drawing FDI into the simplest of products, like toys, garments and
simple electrical goods. In India, all these were and to a large
extent still remain reserved for the small-scale sector.

India has thus fallen between two stools: it has failed to minimise
non-labour costs by creating the infrastructure and institutions of
advanced capitalism in the country as a whole, and it has not tried to
do so in the limited area of special economic zones either. China too
could not do the former, but speedily did the latter because it
understood instinctively the cardinal change that globalisation had
wrought in the world economy. Several years later the author and
management Guru, Kenichi Ohmae, formulated this by pointing out that
the one thing the `network States' of the future would not need was a
large geographical hinterland.

http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/03/27/stories/2002032701681600.htm


Surjit S Bhalla: RBI cites experts, they cite RBI!

REAR-WINDOW ECONOMICS ? I
Surjit S Bhalla / New Delhi October 16, 2008, 0:01 IST



The RBI focuses on WPI and so outside experts like the IMF who think
other indices are more reliable turn around and say Indian inflation
is high, says Surjit S Bhalla


When asked whether the $ 700 billion dollar package to save US banks,
and the US economy, would do the trick, Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke
replied “I don’t know; and I have been wrong recently”. This kind of
an admission, in front of millions, can only come from a secure and
first rate mind. It is time that policy makers in India also learn to
practice a little humility — and learn from their mistakes for the
sake of themselves, and the Indian economy.

The credit crisis has made geniuses out of most commentators. Oh,
there is a liquidity crunch and therefore what needs to be done is to
provide liquidity. What about the high level of interest rates in
India, should we also not be reducing them, and reducing them
drastically? You’ve got to be joking, is the refrain of the experts.
With credit growth at 24 per cent and money supply growth at 19 per
cent, and inflation at 12 per cent, how can you cut rates? Are you not
going to cause even more inflation, cry out the we-know-what-to -do-
about- the-crisis experts? So how come there is a liquidity crunch if
credit growth is so high? That falls on deaf ears, because the mind of
the experts is made up — and made up by the RBI. And then when you ask
the RBI as to whether it has made a mistake, the refrain is why don’t
you look at what the non-RBI experts are saying — don’t you see, they
all agree we are doing the right thing. The vicious circle continues
and the forces of globalisation hide the mistakes when the going is
good — which was until last year.

In this two-part article about monetary policy making in India I want
to comment on what has been wrong about monetary policy in India, and
what can be done to put policy, and India, on the path towards stable
growth and low inflation. First, and most importantly, RBI policy in
India since 1991 has been of the rear-view window type — that is,
backward-looking, and reactive. [There is an important exception to
this which occurred during the Bimal Jalan period as Governor in
1998-2003, but that is a subject of another article. Given this
exception, I will term RBI policy as the Rangarajan-Reddy or RR
policy]. Monetary policy, by definition, has to be forward-looking,
and even then, as events in the US have shown — the US Fed started
anticipating the crisis as early as August of 2007 — the policy need
not be successful. But a backward-looking policy almost guarantees
failure, in addition to being not very enlightened. Second, RR policy
has used the wrong indicators on both the inputs to policy and the
outputs ie both on what the policy should be (money supply growth) and
what indicator should be used to assess the impact of policy
(inflation as measured by the wholesale price index or WPI). This RR
policy then feeds into the expectations of the analysts of the Indian
economy, who then regurgitate the RR analysis, and mistakes.

All experts and policy makers face the problem of “identification” in
making assessments: how does one know that some unknown other cause is
not causing the mistakes that are being ascribed to RR? In an absolute
sense, one doesn’t but there are identifying factors. And such factors
are two — first, the same expert when assigned to work on a different
country (and this is not a virtual expert, but rather your friendly
IMF, World Bank, or pink newspaper, or investment bank representative
scholar) will not use either money supply growth or WPI inflation to
assess monetary policy! The second identifier is what has happened to
the Indian economy prior to the world wide liquidity crisis that
started in September. Since August all bets are off regarding the
causes of failure of the Indian economy, but that certainly is not the
case for before August. Especially if one considers the last Reddy
policy of increasing interest rates and the CRR on July 29; he even
argued on September 7 that if he had had his way, he would have
tightened monetary policy even more!

The only other central bank governor making the same noises, and wrong
policy, was Jean-Claude Trichet of the European Central Bank (ECB). He
also raised rates in July and just two weeks ago claimed that the
financial crisis was an exclusive American problem and that the crisis
revealed both how bad American regulatory system was and how good the
European central bank was. A week after this unseemly gloating based
on fictitious facts, Jean-Claude Trichet admitted that the ECB had
“under-estimated” the crisis. A few days later, the ECB had to
intervene to save European banks; and a few days later, Europe
announced a larger than American package to save European banks! When
will Indian policy makers admit that they over-estimated the strength
of the Indian economy, or the non-fragility of their own banking
system?
Indicators of growth, and policy
Inflation

Figures in %
Decade GDP
growth M3
growth GDP
deflator CPI WPI
1950-1959 3.7 6.7 1.9 1.4
1960-1969 4.2 9.3 6.0 6.4 6.3
1970-1979 2.9 17.4 8.1 7.5 8.6
1980-1989 5.9 17.2 8.6 9.2 8.0
1990-2002 5.4 17.0 7.5 8.3 7.3
2003-2008 8.9 16.8 5.3 4.9 5.3
Average 4.9 14.3 6.4 7.5 6.4


On money supply or credit growth as a primary indicator of policy
direction: There is a reason why most central banks in the world do
not use these two indicators as “information” — the data are very
noisy and most importantly fail to provide any statistical confidence.
The table shows the pattern of money supply growth etc for the last 60
years. What is noteworthy is the constancy in money supply growth, the
favorite policy indicator of the RBI, at 17 per cent since the 1970s,
ie for the last 40 years. During this period, the world has changed,
oil prices have gone up 10 to 20 times, India’s GDP growth has
accelerated from 4 per cent to 9 per cent, and inflation has collapsed
from 8 to 9 per cent to an average of 4 to 5 per cent. The government,
and RBI, and RR should now ask — of what use is this indicator, and
why has it been misleading itself, and the economy?

But the RR policy has been doubly flawed because of the emphasis on
WPI inflation as an indicator of inflation. The circle of error goes
as follows. RBI has made it clear to the world, and anybody watching,
that it is looking at WPI inflation, and also year-on-year (yoy) WPI
inflation. As even the RBI knows, yoy inflation includes all the
inflation that has happened for the last 12 months. In that sense, to
follow yoy inflation is backward-looking policy at its worst. Even
worse is the fact that the RBI does not recognise that “outside”
experts look at this error and extrapolate. How else can you explain
the fact that even as prestigious a set of analysts as those at the
IMF will look at India’s monetary policy and say that it has been too
loose over the last year? If one looks at the latest IMF World
Economic Outlook (WEO), the inflation rate for India for 2008 is
forecast to be 5.3 per cent for the CPI and (what is likely an error)
only 3.8 per cent for the GDP deflator! The WEO does not supply any
data on money supply growth, or WPI, for any country in the world,
though it does supply data on the GDP deflator and CPI. So why does
the IMF use the WPI data to determine its policy conclusion that
Indian monetary policy was too loose? Accountability, anyone?

The author is Chairman Oxus Investments, a New Delhi-based asset
management company. The views are personal
http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=337503&chkFlg=
New wave of globalisation sweeping through India Inc
14 Oct, 2008, 0000 hrs IST,Ramkrishna Kashelkar, ET Bureau
Indian economy has gone through a dramatic transformation in the last
five years or so. And nowhere is this more visible than the boardrooms
of India
Inc. The high brow discussions on economic and business issues in
board meetings has given way workshops on abstract topics such as
integration, cultural fit and diversity management. What's more these
discussions are often moderated by exexpat CEOs who are most likely to
be affected by its outcome. Blame it on the new wave of globalisation
that is sweeping through India Inc.

Though globalisation is now a cliché, this new wave is unlike any
other. While in the past Indian companies participated in it as low-
cost exporters, or say technology seekers or at best a local partner
to MNCs, the same companies now found these strategies stifling. They
are now breaking free to seek a place at the global high table. This
is the new face of India Inc and we have captured in its full glory in
the latest edition of ET500, which will hit the stands two days from
now.

And we don't bring you just heaps of data and analyses. India's Inc
top minds will be there to tell you the story of their globalisation
drive, its strategic rational and the ways to make it successful. When
talking about lobalisation the first name that comes to mind is Tata
Group. Their recent acquisitions -be it Corus or Jaguar Land Rover or
General Chemicals-has put India on the global map.

So it was but natural for us to begin the journey the with an hour-
long interview with Mr Alan Rosling, Tata Son's executive director and
the brain behind the Group's globalisation drive. And we start from
the ground zero, the genesis of the group's recent moves in the
international market. If he is to be believed, Indian companies are
better placed to make their overseas acquisitions successful. "Thanks
to their unique history and culture, Indians find it easy to
assimilate with new people and cultures. They don't usually force
their way of life on others and this makes integration easier," says
Mr Rosling.

The softer issues play a key role in the success of an acquisition.
And no one is better placed to flag the subject than Tata Group's HR
head Mr Satish Pradhan, who is tackling this issue on everyday basis.
Next we turn our attention to individual companies -Tata Chemicals and
Tata Communications, to get their side of the story.

However globalisation fever is not limited to Bombay House only. One
of the most talked about globalisation stories have been that of
Avantha Group (formerly L M Thapar Group). Under the leadership of Mr
Gautam Thapar, the group has transformed itself from a laggard to one
of fastest growing and the most globalised of its peers. We caught up
with Mr Thapar to get a first hand account of this journey. We
followed it up by chatting with Mr Sudhir M Trehan, managing director
of Crompton Greaves, the group's flagship company.

Globalisation is not only about having production facilities abroad,
it also involves tapping global sources of finances and most
importantly creating a global talent pool. We tackle the issues in two
separate features.
Last year, we changed the ranking parameters to make its simpler and
brought it in line with the globally accepted definition of size i.e
revenues in last financial year.

We have stuck to it and its amazing to see the resulting dynamism in
ET500. Many companies made it the list this year thanks to IPOs. And
as we found out some of most prominent of them are public sector
undertakings, just another indicator of the rising presence of PSUs in
India Inc. A long-term investor should keep a close watch on them.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Corporate_Trends/New_wave_of_globalisation_sweeping_through_India_Inc/articleshow/3591726.cms

Tanzania at extremely alarming level of hunger, Index reveals

2008-10-16 10:35:05
By Lydia Shekighenda and Agencies


Tanzania is among 33 countries in the world, which has extremely
alarming levels of hunger. The 2008 Global Hunger Index indicates that
the Democratic Republic of Congo scored the worst, followed by
Eritrea, Burundi, Niger, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Ethiopia.

According to the index released by the International Food Policy
Research Institute (IFPRI) in conjunction with Welthungerhilfe and
Concern Worldwide, the index ranks countries according to the
prevalence of child malnutrition, rates of child mortality and the
proportion of people who are calories deficient.

The global Hunger Index has been released for the World Food Day which
is marked today (October 16).

IFPRI Director General Joachim von Braun said the world has made only
slow progress in reducing hunger in past decades with dramatic
differences among countries and regions.

``Population and income growth, high energy prices, bio-fuels, science
and technology, climate change, globalisation and urbanisation are
introducing drastic changes to food consumption, production and
markets.
``The current financial crisis complicates the picture.

It actually brings some short-term relief for hungry people, as it
contributes to reduced commodity prices.

But the credit crunch makes access to capital difficult, including for
agriculture and that adds another obstacle for overcoming the food
crisis.`` Braun said.

He said IFPRI recommends three areas for high-priority policy actions
to address the current food crisis and improve the long-term
functioning of the world food system which are productivity and
research, nutrition and social protection markets and trade.

He noted that governments and the global community should begin to
correct previous failures in agricultural policy by investing in
agriculture and food production, setting up reliable systems for
assisting the most vulnerable people in a timely way, and establishing
a fair global trading system and a conductive investment environment.

SOURCE: Guardian

Asia and the crisis

Here we go again
Oct 16th 2008 | TOKYO
From The Economist print edition

The world’s financial meltdown stirs uneasy memories across Asia

Illustration by David Simonds
ASIAN stockmarkets were among the most exuberant of the celebrants who
briefly rejoiced at the massive financial interventions by American
and European governments. In relief that global finance seemed to have
survived its near-death experience, Hong Kong’s equities climbed more
than 10% on October 13th. Next day, Tokyo’s soared a record 14%. But
as elsewhere, these rallies proved an interlude in the sharp downward
lurch. On October 16th Tokyo’s Nikkei index slumped 11%. Relief that
catastrophe seemed to have been averted was no substitute for economic
confidence. A region itself buffeted by financial crisis in 1997-98
has not forgotten that economic pain long outlasts financial-market
rout.

That earlier crisis started with local worries about Thailand’s
widening current-account deficit and a property bubble in Bangkok. It
astonished the world with the speed and extent of the contagion that
spread to other Asian countries, and emerging markets elsewhere, such
as Russia and Brazil. This month’s panic had spread even further in
Asia, shaking countries that by and large sailed through the late
1990s such as India and Australia.

On October 14th Kevin Rudd, Australia’s prime minister, cited “the
economic equivalent of a rolling national-security crisis” and
announced that his government would guarantee all deposits in
Australian banks and other savings institutions for three years. He
followed this with a spending stimulus worth A$10.4 billion ($7
billion), much of it directed at people likely to spend the money
rather than hoard it: first-time homebuyers, the poor and pensioners.
On October 14th Hong Kong issued a blanket guarantee of all bank
deposits, with the aim of preventing the kind of capital flight that
wrought havoc with the territory’s capital markets during the 1997-98
crisis. Its monetary authority also announced a new facility for
providing capital to the territory’s banks, even though they look
robust enough. But it was in the countries worst affected last time—
Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and South Korea—that
the echoes seemed most eerie.

In many ways, the region is far better placed to withstand the present
shock. Its banks are stronger, its currency regimes less rigid, its
foreign-exchange reserves bigger. On the other hand, a decade of
accelerated globalisation has seen every country integrated even more
closely into the world economy. None can hope to be immune from a
global slowdown. The region may not face the sort of meltdown
experienced at the end of the 1990s. But prospects for growth look
much bleaker than they did even a fortnight ago. Exports to rich
countries still matter, albeit less than they did. And so does trade
finance, which lubricates Asia’s trading machinery. Ships are sitting
empty in big Asian ports, their cargoes piled up on the dockside
because no bank will guarantee them. Despite strong balance sheets,
Asian banks may need more capital if they are to make up for a
shortage of Western trade credit.

Facing such worries, anger at the apparent hypocrisy of governments in
America and Europe has been muted. Asian leaders have complained that
they were blamed for bringing the last crisis on themselves, with
their misguided exchange-rate policies, opaque financial systems,
profligate spending and corrupt politics. The bail-outs by the IMF
demanded fiscal austerity at a time of economic hardship. But, since
international institutions offered the only financial lifeline, most
Asian governments were forced to suck up IMF orthodoxies.

True to form, Mahathir Mohamad, a former Malaysian prime minister, who
was among the West’s harshest critics a decade ago, has not resisted
gloating. On his blog, he recalls how “the Americans” said Asian
companies should have been allowed to go under, but now Americans are
preparing bail-outs and nationalisation for their own firms.

China, too, which survived the last crisis fairly unscathed thanks to
capital controls and a state-run banking system, has indulged in a bit
of point-scoring. Its refusal to allow a faster appreciation of the
yuan has been blamed by some for helping build up the huge global
financial imbalances that now seem to be unwinding so fast. From
China’s perspective, the meltdown vindicates the cautious pace of its
liberalisation. But its officials have tried not to sound too smug.
Like their counterparts elsewhere in the region, they know it is too
early to declare victory. Chinese journalists say the official media
have been ordered to tone down or avoid reports about the economic
impact on China. As during the earlier crisis China is trying to
appear helpful. On October 8th it timed its latest interest-rate cut
(of 0.27 percentage points) to coincide with concerted rate-cutting by
other central banks. With its massive foreign-exchange reserves,
China, like Japan, the other big Asian creditor nation, has too big a
financial stake in the global system to feel anything other than
anxiety at the possibility of an implosion.

Marking markets
So across Asia, governments have taken measures to allay disquiet (see
article). In China the stockmarket has lost two-thirds of its value
since last October; the property market is wobbling and growth is
slowing. These trends all predated the latest panic. But the
government has had to go further to shore up confidence. It tried to
revive the stockmarket by abolishing a tax on share-buying and
investing in the market itself. Japan, despite the giddy plunge of the
stockmarket from October 8th-10th and the bankruptcy of a middling
life insurer, Yamato Life, is confident that its financial system,
recapitalised at massive public expense a decade ago, is robust enough
to survive the latest shocks.


Japan’s money markets have gummed up far less than those in America
and Europe. Even so, at a time when its economy is almost certainly in
recession, the authorities are taking few risks. Backed by $1 trillion
of reserves, the Bank of Japan has promised unlimited dollar funds to
the markets. And the government has announced measures to support
regional banks. It has also promised not to sell its remaining shares
in the country’s biggest banks for the time being, and eased
conditions for companies to own shares in each other as a way to
support the stockmarket.

This year South Korea’s won has sunk more than any other Asian
currency. The country’s current account, in surplus for many years,
has slid into deficit. Banks have made a high number of loans in
proportion to their deposits. Households are deep in debt and so are
many smaller companies (many in dollars). In a radio address on
October 13th President Lee Myung-bak insisted that the banks were
sound and pointed out that the currency was backed by far larger
foreign reserves than it was a decade ago. He begged South Koreans to
cut down on foreign spending and energy use, and to increase spending
at home.

In India, the closeted banking system is not heavily exposed to the
financial crisis. Its most adventurous bank—ICICI—is the only one so
far to cause jitters. Long lionised for financial sophistication, the
bank is now associated with Western financial sophistry. After its
share price halved in a month, it had to send text messages to its
depositors reassuring them that their money was safe. Statements of
support from the Reserve Bank of India, India’s central bank, and the
rating agencies have helped restore confidence.

Indonesia’s government intervened more drastically, halting share
trading for three days after sharp falls in share prices and the
rupiah. When the stockmarket reopened on October 13th, the government
strengthened its guarantee of bank deposits to deter a run on banks.

Reasons for gloom
In the less panicky mood that prevailed this week, such measures
appeared to have bolstered confidence. They did little, however, to
ease two longer-term worries.

The first concerns countries that are embroiled in political upheaval
and which may be ill-placed to cope with the economic storms to come.
The second is how severe those storms are going to be.

Thailand, riven by conflict between the elected government and
powerful protesters (see article) is especially vulnerable. But
Malaysia, whose prime minister says he will step down, also has its
political worries. In the Philippines, the latest in a series of
doomed but distracting attempts to impeach the president, Gloria
Macapagal Arroyo, is gathering steam.

Even if these dangers can be skirted, the region is going to
experience a sharp slowdown, though perhaps only Japan and Singapore
are already in recession. In China, the slowing of the economy, caused
mainly by a fall in net exports, could become a serious worry in the
months ahead. Most economists expect GDP growth to fall only to 8-9%
next year (from 10.1% in the second quarter of this year and 12.6% a
year earlier)—hardly a grinding halt. Most Chinese economists are
confident that if the slowdown is sharper, the government can still
spend its way out of trouble. But an article last month in a magazine
published by a government think-tank warned that a severe slowdown
could present China with the kind of social turbulence that ravaged
Indonesia in 1998.

China’s growth is increasingly important for the region. This month
Australia ’s Mr Rudd rang the Chinese prime minister, Wen Jiabao, to
ask about projections for China’s growth, and whether its strong
demand for Australia’s minerals was likely to continue. On getting an
upbeat answer, Mr Rudd concluded that China was now “critical for
Australia’s continued economic performance”. It is also the biggest
trading partner for Japan and India. But, according to the Asian
Development Bank, 60% of Asia’s exports (not including Japan’s) still
go to America, the European Union and Japan. A decline of one
percentage point in America’s growth rate, the bank calculates, knocks
0.3 percentage points off Asia’s. That may be optimistic.

To date, one constant since the 1997-98 crisis has been the absence of
a co-ordinated regional response. Out of that crisis, a self-help
initiative among the region’s central banks known as the “Chiang Mai
initiative” was launched. But it seems designed to fight the last war—
a concerted attack on a country’s currency—rather than today’s wider
financial malaise.

Coincidentally, Asia’s leaders will be meeting counterparts from
Europe in Beijing on October 24th for the biennial “Asia-Europe”
meeting, ASEM. The Philippines’ Mrs Arroyo has in vain suggested
holding a crisis summit of the Asian countries on its margins. She
also boasted this week of an agreement to set up a fund to buy toxic
debts from banks in South-East Asia, China, South Korea and Japan. But
the World Bank, the alleged source of some of the money, and the other
countries involved, could not recall such an agreement. So she managed
only to heighten the impression of ill-co-ordinated floundering. At
least China, the host of the ASEM talk-shop, has overcome its initial
reluctance to put impending financial collapse on the agenda. It seems
to have realised that it would seem odd indeed if Asian leaders spent
much time talking about anything else.

http://www.economist.com/world/asia/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12437723


Experts discuss global importance of Silk Route
News Agency of Kashmir 10/16/2008 8:45:55 PM

Srinagar, Oct 16(NAK): Kashmir University vice-chancellor, Prof Reyaz
Punjabi on Thursday chaired a special session on Kashmir at the 4-day
international conference titled “Dynamics and Revival of Silk-Route:
Perspective, Challenges and Opportunities.”

Speaking on the occasion, Prof Punjabi said the revival of Silk Route
with special reference to Kashmir has a great significance for the
peace and stability in the South Asian regions. “It is high time to
assess the economic gains leading to human security and peace among
India and Pakistan,” he said, adding that China and Pakistan in
general and Kashmir in particular would accrue with the revival of
this route.

The V-C said that with the onset of globalization, the revival of Silk
Route has a great potential to accelerate the processes of
globalization in South Asia. “There is urgency to open up this road up
to Gilgit and beyond on the one side and through Ladakh on the other,”
Prof Punjabi said.

He said the revival of these routes would give a boost to the trade,
business and commerce of Kashmir. The conference is being organized by
the KU’s Centre of Central Asian Studies.

In his presentation, the director, CCAS, highlighted the economic
gains to India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, China and Kashmir with the
revival of Silk-Route. “The revival of silk route can have great
economic benefits to all these regions,” he said in his presentation
titled “Structure and Revival of Silk Route across Kashmir.”

Noted historian, Prof Muhammad Ishaq Khan dwelt at length on the Silk
Route and Kashmiri Identity Consciousness. Others who spoke in the
special session included Dr Aijaz Ahmad Banday, Prof G M Mir, Prof GR
Jan and Dr Aafaq Aziz of the CCAS.

Earlier, experts from different parts of the world discussed the
global importance of the Silk-Route and the role it played in building
different Central Asian regions. More than 20 papers were presented on
various aspects of Silk-Route on 2nd day of the conference, which is
being attended by scholars of eminence from different parts of Central
Asia.
In his paper titled "Nisapur on the Silk Route ", a professor of
Eurasian Studies at the University of Mumbai, highlighted the role
Silk-route played in the development of Nisa, an ancient city on the
Turkman territory. "Due to centrality of its location along the Silk-
Route, all sorts of trade like handicrafts, agriculture, textile and
so on flourished in the city," said Prof. PL Dash.

All these activities, Dash added, facilitated further growth of Nisa
as the city development a lot in terms of infrastructure.

Prof Valeriy S Khan of the Academy of Sciences and Uzbekistan said the
Silk-Road was of global importance. "Firstly, the Great Silk Road was
the first in the history of humanity integration model of the
international trading-cultural long-distance communications based on
the account of interests of the various states (in modern sense of the
word)," he said in his paper titled "The Golbal Importance of the
Great Silk Road."
Valeriy said the interest of restoration of the Great Silk Road was
associated with expansion of tourism along its routes. "It is one of
the most attractive routes and largest in the world, having 12800 kms
in extent," he said, adding that since 1994, the World Trade
Organisation has initiated international meetings, seminars and
projects on the "Great Silk-Road."

The Director, Valikhanov Institute of History and Ethanology at
Almaty, Kazakhstan, said that Kazakistan was located on the Great Silk
Route and had paid attention to the problems of its revival. "The
search of arguments in this direction became one of the priorities for
Kazakhstan. The focus is on the revival of the cultural aspects of the
Silk Route ," Prof Sattar F Mazhitov said in his presentation, " Silk
Route and Kazakhstan: A Historical Perspective."

Azad Shamatov, Professor and Head, South Asian Languages at the
Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent, said the ledgendary Silk
Route played an outstanding role as the cultural bridge among
civilizations, including Central Asia and India.

Shamatov, in his presentation titled “Silk Route and its Contribution
to the exchange of Folk-Tradition between India and Central Asia"
highlighted several modes of historical interactions between the
regions in the sphere of folklore with special emphasis on Kashmir,
Sindhi, Punjabi and Uzbek literary traditions. Dr Shi Lan from the
Xinjiang Academy of Social Sciences, Institute of Central Asia, Urmchi
China, stressed on the role Xinjiang can play in the re-construction
of modern age Silk-Route in her presentation titled "Silk Route
Structure: The contribution of Xinjiang to its Growth."

Prof Tian Weijiang from China gave a presentation on the "Review of
Archive Materials about Marc Aurel Stein Stored in Xinjiang Local
Archives". He highlighted the multi-dimensional personality of
Archaeologist Marc Aurel Stein, and his tremendous contribution in the
field of archaeology and culture of Kashmir, India and Central Asia.

Others who presented their papers included Chinara Rustomova from
Turkmenistan (Turkmenistan on the Silk Route: Past and Present); Prof
Zardy Khan Kinayadyly (The Silk Route Under the Mongols); Dr Mahesh
Ranjan Debata (Importance of Turfan as a Silk route City: A Historical
Perspective); Zianura Rysalieva (Kyrgyz Diaspora in the countries of
Great Silk Road: Holistic Profile); Prof Meruyert Abusseitov (Silk
Route: Inter-relation of Cultures): Prof Dilorom Alimova (Heritage of
Great Silk Road and Uzbekistan); Prof Valeria Piancentiei Fioran (The
Contribution of Silk Route to Religious Syncretism.

Its Reflection on Painting and Architecture during 14th to 17th
centuries); Dr Jean Marc Arakelian (Silk Road as an inspiration to a
Specific Mughal Artist); Dr Ranjana Mishra (Buddhism Along the Silk
Route), Prof Ismagulov Orazak (Ethno-anthropological Aspects of the
Silk Route in Kazakhstan); Prof Valeiry Khan (The Revival of Great
Silk Road in the context of Globalisation); Prof Gulshan Dietl, Prof
Hafeez Malik, Dr Bushra Hameed, Prof Bolat Tatibekov, Dr Nicklas
Norling, Prof Iihan Sahin, Tajamul Hussain, Dr GM Shah.(NAK)

http://naknews.co.in/newsdet.aspx?17235


Third World America
The US financial crisis, based on and accentuating a catalogue of
neglect, blind greed and misguided policy, may propel the world's most
developed state into oblivion, writes Gamil Mattar*

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In a matter of three or four weeks the US became the butt of sarcasm
and schadenfreude, as criticism rained down on Washington from angry
investors and frightened people who felt the rug of security being
pulled from under their feet. Such emotions were fed by opinion
pundits and economists who blew the stock market collapse out of
proportion and distorted the image of the US. Such was the flood of
malicious, though not unrealistic, commentaries that I began to view
the whole of the US, the world's greatest power, solely in terms of
the state of Wall Street, the world's most important financial
marketplace, and the following words rang in my head:

I used to rule the world
Seas would rise when I gave the word
Now in the morning I sweep alone
Sweep the streets I used to own

The mockers, the alarmists and even the exaggerators may be excused.
The questions raised by the financial quake have no clear answers.
What will happen to the global economic order, to the investment-
banking sector, to the capitalist system? What is to become of
privatisation now that the greatest capitalist power has stepped in to
nationalise a number of financial enterprises? What will happen to
that financial class that has managed within a few decades to dominate
political, economic and social policy in many countries, not least of
all in Egypt and most other Arab countries?

Will some countries revert to isolationism in order to protect their
developmental aspirations from the wild fluctuations of the
international marketplace? Will India lead the way in this respect or
will it, like China, slow the pace of its capitalist progress? What
will happen to the fabric and garment manufacturing industry in Egypt
now that it is linked to that sector in Israel and the US? Similarly,
what will be the fate of this industry in Southeast Asia from which
the US imports two-thirds of its clothing needs?

What will the poor in America and elsewhere do? How will they vent
their anger and frustration? Will they say that Washington and other
wealthy nations have never acted so rapidly and generously in a crisis
as they have to save Wall Street? Will they ask what actions officials
from those rich and powerful governments took to help the victims in
the US and the Caribbean from hurricanes Katrina, Ike and others, or
to come to the aid of the Tsunami victims in the Indian Ocean and
Persian Gulf apart from undertaking a few high-profile visits and,
relatively speaking, dropping a few pennies in the hat? Here's what
one American who was hit by the mortgage crisis had to say: "They've
taken my home away. I live in the street now. The people who caused
this are now being rescued while I still have no roof over my head."

Frequent, too, are the commentaries these days that remark upon how
the US managed to collect hundreds of billions of dollars in order to
save bankrupt companies to the detriment of the capitalism that it
holds so sacred and how similar this is to the American tendency to
support dictatorships in order to secure its own interests but at the
expense of another sacred principle, democracy.

Over recent years, the US has disseminated a Wall Street culture,
sometimes making it a prerequisite for assimilation into the global
economy. The "money culture" is now a globalised culture. It is not
only in the US that the greatest ambition of top university students
is to work in the stock exchange, manage investment projects and
become heads of departments in major banks. Here, too, our youth no
longer dream of becoming an officer, an engineer, a doctor or an
astronomer, but rather a stockbroker. Even many years ago people
realised that this culture was rife with risks for all countries, the
US included. As early as 2002, in the wake of the Enron and Global
Crossing scandals, US Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan
cautioned, "Capitalism has stopped working. There's something going on
that is spoiling the financial system." Others have observed that the
bankruptcy of those two companies in 2002 was a warning that was
tragically ignored by the ruling elite in the US as was the warning
implied in the attempt to bomb the World Trade Center in 1993.
Decades of the prevailing socio-political economic culture have made
businessmen and financial experts the masters of the world. This is
how they were billed in Davos and this is how they have behaved in the
many meetings in which they lay down the new moral code in accordance
with which private gain takes priority over the public interest and
which is founded on two pillars: the worship of money and the worship
of the individual. No one can pretend not to have been aware, neither
here nor in the West, or in the US in particular. Commentators had
long since warned that globalisation had given the best it could and
that now it was giving the worst, and that some of the worst had begun
to wreak havoc on the American economy itself.

After hundreds of pens have futilely warned of the pernicious
consequences of the widening income gap, hundreds of new articles are
appearing in the major newspapers of Berlin, Paris, Frankfurt, London,
New York and Washington and are casting a portion of the blame for the
financial crisis on the irrational complacency of the big-spending
financial class, especially the senior management of major banks and
companies. The excesses of this class have never been morally
acceptable, they write, and now are politically and economically
unacceptable. Economists whose pro-capitalist credentials are above
suspicion now confess that they had wrongfully ignored major
criticisms of the era of unbridled free trade and admit that it was
unjust -- that even in the colonialist era of international trade
wealthy nations had never been as tyrannically exploitative of Third
World countries as they are today.

Since we are living in a world in which economies are so intertwined
that people's fates are closely bound together, it is easy to
understand why the world is so concerned about the future of that
country that has the largest economy in the world. What will become
the country that controls, one way or another, the lion's share of the
resources of might and energy is a legitimate line of inquiry. Indeed,
it could be the most important question which politicians, economists
and others of various walks of life and of all shades of opinion,
should ask themselves. Is it true, for example, that the crisis
exposed darker sides of the US of which many there were unaware and
which had been completely hidden from people abroad?

It is common knowledge that the US and other industrialised nations
have not experienced an economic crisis of this magnitude since the
stock market crash of 1929. All are simultaneously aware that south,
east and part of western Asia were experiencing an unprecedented
economic surge at a time when officials in Washington were trying to
conceal the initial signs of economic meltdown in their country.

We also know that the American people's confidence in capitalism has
been deeply shaken. However, they have no alternative to this long
cherished national creed. It will do little to tell them that
capitalism without failure is like religion without sin. They were
born and raised on a moral and ideological diet that refuses to
recognise the possibility of a total or partial breakdown of the
capitalist system. This probably accounts for the thick mist of
American aphorisms and adages that have surrounded the crisis since it
first erupted, all evocative of the American dream and way of life,
and of the immutability of the American rock and of America's might to
ride out all storms. These are the homilies that are so deeply rooted
in the American experience since its emergence as an economic power
that they are difficult to shake. But the recent crisis has cast a
shadow over the ability of each and every one of these to remain a
pillar in the edifice of American political culture.

Many political leaders, as we know as well, were dissatisfied with the
American prescription for economic progress. Most of them, however,
never ventured to voice this openly until Bush went to the UN to
appeal for the aid of the international community. At that point
Brazil's da Silva, Argentine's de Kirchner, France's Sarkozy and
dozens of heads of state and politicians from Germany, Britain,
Russia, China and India lashed out at the American model. These were
joined by African politicians who went to New York to ask for $72
billion to rescue the poorest continent in the world only to hear the
US ask for $700 billion to rescue companies whose financial
mismanagement shook their financers' confidence and brought them to
bankruptcy. Even UN Secretary- General Ban Ki-Moon, to the surprise of
all, broke with tradition and called for a new code of ethics for the
global economy. The rules of play that the US had elevated to a
charter for the way international institutions work collapsed with the
same resounding crash as the American financial system.

Meanwhile, in the US the American Society of Civil Engineers has
deplored the US's deteriorating infrastructure and demanded urgent
national attention to this vital field of public policy. According to
a report issued by this society and cited in the last edition of The
New York Review of Books, nearly 30 per cent of the nation's 590,750
bridges are "structurally deficient or functionally obsolete" and it
will take "$9.4 billion a year for 20 years to eliminate all bridge
deficiencies". The number of unsafe dams has risen by 33 per cent to
more than 3,500. Public transit facilities -- including buses,
subways, and commuter trains -- are "dangerously under-funded", even
as demand for them has increased faster than any other mode of
transportation. Current funding for safe drinking water amounts to
"less than 10 per cent of the total national requirement", while
"ageing wastewater management systems discharge billions of gallons of
untreated sewage into US surface waters each year." Yet government
investment in these vital facilities is generally held to be below the
level needed simply to maintain them in their current poor state. With
regard to air transport, there were 1.8 million hours of flight delays
in the US in 2007, many of which were caused by demands for runways
that exceeded supply. The American Society of Civil Engineers further
claimed that it would take over $0.25 trillion to bring the nation's
public school buildings up to "good" condition.

According to The New York Review of Books article, while private
investors and states and cities are devoting more attention to this
need, "the federal government has failed to provide the leadership it
alone can supply. Federal spending on infrastructure, corrected for
inflation, is actually lower than it was in 2001... and this level of
spending, as a share of GDP, is much lower than it was two or three
decades ago." By way of contrast, the article cites The Economist
which reports that China will spend $200 billion on its railways
between 2006 and 2010 -- the largest investment in railroad capacity
made by any country since the 19th century -- and that the Chinese
plan over the next 12 years to construct 300,000 kilometres of roads
in rural China, as well as 97 new airports. "The Chinese understand
that economic power depends on these investments," the authors remark
pointedly.

The authors, Everett Ehrlich and Felix Rohattyn, relate that
Congressman John Mica, the ranking Republican member of the House
Transportation Committee, recently called for a $1.5 trillion
infrastructure-spending programme, under both public and private
sponsorship. But, they ask, where would the money come from? "The Iraq
war drains our national resources, and the 2001 cuts in personal
income, capital gains and inheritance taxes have slashed federal
revenues." Therefore, Ehrlich and Rohattyn, both prominent economic
experts, have appealed for the creation of a National Infrastructure
Bank that would be funded by the federal and state governments and by
the private sector. The bank would work along the lines of the World
Bank, which is to say that it would only grant loans to entrepreneurs
who wish to take part in "rebuilding America" on the basis of certain
guarantees, an evaluation of the relevant feasibility studies and an
assessment of the ethical and professional qualifications of those
undertaking the project. Their appeal was echoed in a more general way
by New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman who wrote that American
society needed to break away from its dependency on "financial
engineering" and to return to "real engineering".

The financial crisis that jeopardises the US's stability, security and
future, we know now, is little more than a glitch in a national order
threatened with even more serious crises. We do not want to say,
"Welcome, America, to our developing world." With better ethics, a
stronger economy and greater respect for other nations, the US is
worth far more to the developing world and to itself than if it
collapsed and deteriorated into a developing country.

* The writer is director of the Arab Centre for Development and
Futuristic Research

http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/918/op2.htm

India sees greater role for WB, IMF in resolving crisis
12 Oct, 2008, 2235 hrs IST, PTI

WASHINGTON: Amid continued financial crisis and early signs of
recession appearing in the developed countries, India on Sunday asked
multilateral fun
ding agencies to play a vital role in global economic affairs to
ensure more inclusive and sustainable globalisation.

"It is an opportunity to make the (World) Bank a more responsive,
credible and relevant organisation so that it continues to play a
vital role in global economic affairs and to realign the bank's role
in pursuit of the vision of a more inclusive and sustainable
globalisation.

This is an opportunity that must not be lost, therefore, no attempt
should be made to rush through elements which would not meet long term
purposes of this reform process," India's Finance Minister P
Chidambaram said in statement to development committee--joint
committee of the board of governors of the bank and the fund
(International Monetary Fund) on the transfer of Real Resources to the
Developing Countries.

Chidambaram said the recent developments are certain to impact the
global availability of financial resources of development, that
developing countries (like India) "will suffer for no fault of
theirs," he told the development committee.

The Indian Finance Minister's statement was placed in the meeting by
RBI Governor D Subbarao and Secretary Department of Economic Affairs
Ashok Chawla in absentia.

"...emerging markets have so far shown resilience. However, they may
be vulnerable to both first order and second order effects. Accessing
financial resources may become more difficult and expensive. Flows of
foreign capital may shrink. On the other hand, a global recession will
sharply contract the demand for exports of many developing countries,
adversely affecting their growth prospects.

The developing countries will suffer for no fault of theirs"
Chiadambaram has said in his Statement.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/India_sees_greater_role_for_WB_IMF_in_resolving_crisis/articleshow/3587445.cms

More than 200m Indians suffer hunger as boom benefits minority, says
report
In this section »
UN warned of more Taliban attacks in coming weeksMadonna and Guy
Ritchie to divorceAzerbaijan president set for second termCanada
elects Conservative minority as budget deficit loomsNew generation of
kung fu crazy Chinese discovering Bruce LeeIn ShortTWELVE INDIAN
provinces have worrying levels of hunger, with the situation
"extremely alarming" in the central state of Madhya Pradesh, writes
Rahul Bedi in New Delhi.

The development comes at a time when the country is emerging as one of
the world's fastest-growing economies.

The 2008 Global Hunger Index report, released yesterday by the
Washington-based International Food Policy Research Institute along
with Welthungerhilfe and the University of California, warns that
Madhya Pradesh's nutrition problems are comparable to those in
Ethiopia and Chad. The report reveals that India has more than 200
million people suffering from hunger - a number greater than in any
other country.

It also ranked India 66 out 88 countries on the global hunger index,
taking into account three vital indicators: child malnutrition, rates
of child mortality and the calorie-deficient population.

"Despite years of robust economic growth, India scored worse than
nearly 25 sub-Saharan African countries and all of South Asia, except
Bangladesh," the report noted.

The best-performing state was Punjab in the north but that too was
afflicted by a "serious" hunger problem and measured up less well than
developing countries like Gabon, Vietnam and Honduras.

Nutrition experts said India's abysmal record, despite self-
sufficiency in food grains, is due to faulty, corrupt and bureaucratic
distribution policies, insufficient access to food, poor feeding
practices and poor childcare practices.

The recent spike in global food prices had further reduced the food-
buying capacity of many poor families.

In addition, India's lower castes and specific ethnic minorities were
discriminated against, pushing them further into impoverishment and
starvation.

India's emphasis, in the early 1990s, on a market economy resulted
after 2002 in an average annual growth rate of about 8 per cent.

Expansion was buoyed by a robust stock market, rising industrial
output and escalating real estate prices. This resulted in western
countries flocking to invest in India, further bolstering national
economic growth. But the fruits of these achievements have remained
confined to a handful of the nation's 1.2 billion people.

A study by the National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganized
Sector revealed 77 per cent of the population exists on 20 Indian
rupees (30 cent) a day.

© 2008 The Irish Times

http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2008/1016/1224069691697.html

Institute raises hunger alert among Indian children
Print Email
Updated October 16, 2008 12:53:23

Related Stories:

Taxi strike in India's financial hub
Tamil politicians threaten resignation from Indian govt
Indian carrier slashes jobs
India's hunger problems worse than some African countries: report
The International Food Policy Research Institute says the level of
malnutrition and hunger among India's children is alarming.

The study by the International Food Policy Research Institute, found
that in India's worst performing state Madhya Pradesh 60 percent of
children are malnourished.

The result ranks the state between the much poorer countries of
Ethiopia and Chad on the Global Hunger Index.

Researchers measured child malnutrition, child mortality and the
number of people who are calorie deficient.

The study found that 200 million people suffer hunger in India every
day.

The report authors say the current financial crisis could make the
situation worse and child nutrition in India needs urgent improvement.
http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200810/s2392677.htm?tab=asia

Pakistan better than India in global hunger index

* IFPRI says low educational status of women, poor nutrition and
health programmes, major problems in South Asia

NEW DELHI: Pakistan figures slightly better than India in a new global
hunger index released by the International Food Policy Research
Institute (IFPRI) in association with a German group Welthungerhilfe
and Concern Worldwide.
While India ranks 66 out of the 88 countries on the 2008 Global Hunger
Index, Pakistan stands at number 61. Bangladesh made the list at
number 70. According to the authors of the report, three leading
indicators - prevalence of child malnutrition, rate of child
mortality, and the proportion of people who are calorie deficient –
were the standards upon which the countries were rated.
"The world has made only slow progress in reducing hunger in past
decades, with dramatic differences among countries and regions," said
Ashok Gulathi, the IFPRI Asia director.
He said though current financial measures might bring some short-term
relief for hungry people, as they will reduce commodity prices, but
the credit crunch will make access to capital difficult, including for
agriculture, and that could add another obstacle to overcoming the
food crisis.
The report said that South Asian countries, along with Sub-Saharan
Africa, still suffered from high levels of hunger.
South Asia:
The report’s author Purnima Menon said the major problem in the South
Asian region was a high prevalence of underweight in children under
five, resulting largely from the lower nutritional and educational
status of women, poor nutrition and health programmes, and inadequate
water and sanitation services.
"In contrast, the poor performance of Sub-Saharan Africa is due to
high rates of child mortality and a large proportion of people who
cannot meet their calorie requirements. Government ineffectiveness,
conflict, and political instability, as well as high rates of HIV/
AIDS, have driven these two indicators in the region," she said.
The report said economic development and growth stories had helped
little to eradicate hunger in India. It has placed India's most
developed state of Gujarat even below the Central African country of
Haiti.
"We found link between economic development and hunger missing. We
believe that eight to nine percent growth is not inclusive," said the
IFPRI Asia director.
The IFPRI recommended three areas for high-priority policy actions
including productivity and research, nutrition and social protection
and elimination of agriculture trade restrictions.
Alarming:
The report calculated hunger levels for 17 major states in India,
representing more than 95 percent of the population. Twelve states
fall into the ‘alarming’ category and Madhya Pradesh was reported to
have an ‘extremely alarming’ level of hunger. Four states — Punjab,
Kerala, Haryana and Assam — fell in the 'serious' category.
The authors said India's poor performance was primarily due to its
relatively high levels of child malnutrition and under-nourishment
resulting from calorie deficient diets.

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C10%5C16%5Cstory_16-10-2008_pg7_52

Hunger eclipsed by financial crisis on World Food Day
Thu 16 Oct 2008, 14:48 GMT

[-] Text [+] By Phil Stewart

ROME (Reuters) - The world's leading crusaders against hunger voiced
frustration on World Food Day on Thursday that the global financial
crisis had overshadowed a food crisis tipping millions towards
starvation.

The World Bank predicts that high food and fuel prices will increase
the number of malnourished people in the world by 44 million this year
to reach a total of 967 million.

Economists have also warned that the world's poor would be the most
vulnerable to a global economic downturn.

"The media have highlighted the financial crisis at the expense of the
food crisis," said Jacques Diouf, head of the U.N.'s Food and
Agriculture Organisation in Rome. The World Food Programme's Executive
Director Josette Sheeran acknowledged that even citizens of wealthy
countries had been affected by high food prices and the financial
crisis.

"But for those who live on less than a dollar a day, it's a matter of
life and death," Sheeran said.

Proponents of more urgent measures questioned why the world's richest
nations could not show the same urgency to save people from starvation
as they did when rushing to rescue banks.

"My position is that the financial crisis is a serious one, and
deserves urgent attention and focus, but so is the question of hunger,
and millions (are) likely to die. Is that any less urgent?," asked
former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

SPECULATION, SELFISHNESS

Pope Benedict said the blame for hunger could be directed at
"boundless speculation" in markets, partly blamed for high food and
fuel prices. But he also pointed to "selfishness" by the world's rich
and a poor distribution of resources.

A Senegal-based NGO said the fading attention to the food crisis
showed a "problem of justice, of equity and solidarity."

"If they are able to raise funds for the banking system, they can also
find ways to reduce poverty in the world," Vore Gana Seck, President
of Dakar-based CONGAD (Council of NGOs Supporting Development) told
Reuters in the Senegalese capital.

"I think it's a problem of priority."

Prices of wheat, rice, maize and other staples in the developing world
have all risen dramatically this year, although they have fallen from
their peaks in recent months.

In Somalia, wheat prices have risen by 300 percent in the 15 months to
April. Maize prices in southern Africa have risen by anywhere between
40 and 65 percent, crippling the ability of the poor to feed
themselves, said aid group Oxfam.

"It is shocking that the international community has failed to
organise itself to respond adequately" to the food and energy crisis,
said Barbara Stocking, the head of Oxfam.

"We need to see one coordinated international response, led by the
United Nations, which channels funds urgently to those in need, and
leads on implementation of the longer-term reforms."

Diouf said the world has the know-how to end hunger, even if the
population climbs to a forecast 9 billion people by 2050.

But he complained that his U.N. agency lacked resources and said that
it only received 10 percent of the $22 billion (12.8 billion pounds)
pledged in June, following food riots in some of the affected
countries.

"We have a serious shortfall in the financial resources needed to
fulfill the expectations," Diouf said.

"In spite of the passionate speeches and financial commitments made by
many countries, only a tiny proportion of what was promised in June
has been delivered."

Development economist Jeffrey Sachs told reporters he was pessimistic
about the future, given the lack of progress even when the food crisis
had made headlines earlier this year.

"There are reasons to believe that on the current business-as-usual
trajectory things will get worse.. because of rises in population,
more climate shocks, more environmental degradation, and lack of
ability of the very poor places to respond adequately," he said.

(Additional reporting by Megan Rowling and Jonathan Saul in Dublin,
Pascal Fletcher in Dakar, Luke Baker in London; Editing by Angus
MacSwan)

Call to tackle hunger crisis
5 hours ago

The global hunger crisis must be tackled with the same urgency as the
economic downturn around the world, former UN secretary general Kofi
Annan told a conference in Dublin.

Mr Annan told an international conference on hunger that the recession
cannot be used as an excuse for inaction. The chairman of the Alliance
for a Green Revolution in Africa said the food crisis had been
compounded by a global financial crisis.

He called on richer nations not to let the credit crunch make the
situation any worse than it already is for those already suffering. He
said: "It is important for us to remind the politicians that the food
crisis and the crisis of hunger is a real one and we should treat it
with the same urgency and focus as we are tackling the financial one.
In this situation the poor is the first to suffer."

Center opens in NYC to fight global hunger
By DEEPTI HAJELA – 6 hours ago

NEW YORK (AP) — Founders of the new Action Center to End World Hunger
hope visitors will come away not only knowing more about world hunger,
but resolved to do something about it.

The center, a project of international aid organization Mercy Corps,
was to open Thursday — World Food Day — in Manhattan across the street
from the Irish Hunger Memorial.

The multimedia, interactive facility designed by Edwin Schlossberg
tries to connect people to the hunger relief work being done around
the world and offers a variety of ways to get involved. It features a
video narrated by "30 Rock" and "Saturday Night Live" star Tina Fey.

"The Action Center will illuminate how hunger is not the problem, but
the symptom of many root causes, such as poor agricultural practices,
human rights abuses, and the impacts of climate change," Fey says in
the video. By identifying and highlighting these underlying causes,
the Action Center will seek to generate the public resolve necessary
to create lasting change."

George Devendorf of Mercy Corps said one goal is to "get someone who
hasn't previously taken an action to take one."

The center suggests a host of actions that visitors can take to combat
hunger, depending the amount of time they want to give — from one
minute to one day to a lifetime. Actions range from writing a letter
to a congressman to sponsoring a tree in Niger to becoming an
Americorps VISTA volunteer.

Four "training towers" focus on issues related to hunger, such as land
use or governance, and show how various countries deal with those
issues.

Mercy Corps, based in Portland, Ore., sees the center as a way of
helping Americans change the way they see the world, and getting them
more connected to global issues, Devendorf said.

"We're not going to be successful in achieving the kind of lasting
change we want unless we open up a second front in that struggle, and
that second front is here at home," he said. "It's influencing
Americans and building a constituency of citizens who understand what
some of these root causes are that animate hunger and poverty and have
a clear understanding of some of the steps they can take."

Devendorf said the idea to create the center started at the Battery
Park City Authority, which was looking for a complement to the hunger
memorial in that neighborhood. The memorial commemorates the famine
that brought hundreds of thousands of Irish to New York.

The center is hosting several events to mark the opening, including a
panel discussion and a comedy show.

National Anti-Hunger Organizations Release New 2008 Blueprint to End
Hunger on World Food Day

The report said economic development and growth stories had helped
little to eradicate hunger in India. It has placed India's most
developed state of Gujarat even below the Central African country of
Haiti.
"We found link between economic development and hunger missing. We
believe that eight to nine percent growth is not inclusive," said the
IFPRI Asia director.
The IFPRI recommended three areas for high-priority policy actions
including productivity and research, nutrition and social protection
and elimination of agriculture trade restrictions.
Alarming:
The report calculated hunger levels for 17 major states in India,
representing more than 95 percent of the population. Twelve states
fall into the ‘alarming’ category and Madhya Pradesh was reported to
have an ‘extremely alarming’ level of hunger. Four states — Punjab,
Kerala, Haryana and Assam — fell in the 'serious' category.
The authors said India's poor performance was primarily due to its
relatively high levels of child malnutrition and under-nourishment
resulting from calorie deficient diets.

http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C10%5C16%5Cstory_16-10-2008_pg7_52

Hunger eclipsed by financial crisis on World Food Day
Thu 16 Oct 2008, 14:48 GMT

[-] Text [+] By Phil Stewart

ROME (Reuters) - The world's leading crusaders against hunger voiced
frustration on World Food Day on Thursday that the global financial
crisis had overshadowed a food crisis tipping millions towards
starvation.

The World Bank predicts that high food and fuel prices will increase
the number of malnourished people in the world by 44 million this year
to reach a total of 967 million.

Economists have also warned that the world's poor would be the most
vulnerable to a global economic downturn.

"The media have highlighted the financial crisis at the expense of the
food crisis," said Jacques Diouf, head of the U.N.'s Food and
Agriculture Organisation in Rome. The World Food Programme's Executive
Director Josette Sheeran acknowledged that even citizens of wealthy
countries had been affected by high food prices and the financial
crisis.

"But for those who live on less than a dollar a day, it's a matter of
life and death," Sheeran said.

Proponents of more urgent measures questioned why the world's richest
nations could not show the same urgency to save people from starvation
as they did when rushing to rescue banks.

"My position is that the financial crisis is a serious one, and
deserves urgent attention and focus, but so is the question of hunger,
and millions (are) likely to die. Is that any less urgent?," asked
former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan.

SPECULATION, SELFISHNESS

Pope Benedict said the blame for hunger could be directed at
"boundless speculation" in markets, partly blamed for high food and
fuel prices. But he also pointed to "selfishness" by the world's rich
and a poor distribution of resources.

A Senegal-based NGO said the fading attention to the food crisis
showed a "problem of justice, of equity and solidarity."

"If they are able to raise funds for the banking system, they can also
find ways to reduce poverty in the world," Vore Gana Seck, President
of Dakar-based CONGAD (Council of NGOs Supporting Development) told
Reuters in the Senegalese capital.

"I think it's a problem of priority."

Prices of wheat, rice, maize and other staples in the developing world
have all risen dramatically this year, although they have fallen from
their peaks in recent months.

In Somalia, wheat prices have risen by 300 percent in the 15 months to
April. Maize prices in southern Africa have risen by anywhere between
40 and 65 percent, crippling the ability of the poor to feed
themselves, said aid group Oxfam.

"It is shocking that the international community has failed to
organise itself to respond adequately" to the food and energy crisis,
said Barbara Stocking, the head of Oxfam.

"We need to see one coordinated international response, led by the
United Nations, which channels funds urgently to those in need, and
leads on implementation of the longer-term reforms."

Diouf said the world has the know-how to end hunger, even if the
population climbs to a forecast 9 billion people by 2050.

But he complained that his U.N. agency lacked resources and said that
it only received 10 percent of the $22 billion (12.8 billion pounds)
pledged in June, following food riots in some of the affected
countries.

"We have a serious shortfall in the financial resources needed to
fulfill the expectations," Diouf said.

"In spite of the passionate speeches and financial commitments made by
many countries, only a tiny proportion of what was promised in June
has been delivered."

Development economist Jeffrey Sachs told reporters he was pessimistic
about the future, given the lack of progress even when the food crisis
had made headlines earlier this year.

"There are reasons to believe that on the current business-as-usual
trajectory things will get worse.. because of rises in population,
more climate shocks, more environmental degradation, and lack of
ability of the very poor places to respond adequately," he said.

(Additional reporting by Megan Rowling and Jonathan Saul in Dublin,
Pascal Fletcher in Dakar, Luke Baker in London; Editing by Angus
MacSwan)

Call to tackle hunger crisis
5 hours ago

The global hunger crisis must be tackled with the same urgency as the
economic downturn around the world, former UN secretary general Kofi
Annan told a conference in Dublin.

Mr Annan told an international conference on hunger that the recession
cannot be used as an excuse for inaction. The chairman of the Alliance
for a Green Revolution in Africa said the food crisis had been
compounded by a global financial crisis.

He called on richer nations not to let the credit crunch make the
situation any worse than it already is for those already suffering. He
said: "It is important for us to remind the politicians that the food
crisis and the crisis of hunger is a real one and we should treat it
with the same urgency and focus as we are tackling the financial one.
In this situation the poor is the first to suffer."

Center opens in NYC to fight global hunger
By DEEPTI HAJELA – 6 hours ago

NEW YORK (AP) — Founders of the new Action Center to End World Hunger
hope visitors will come away not only knowing more about world hunger,
but resolved to do something about it.

The center, a project of international aid organization Mercy Corps,
was to open Thursday — World Food Day — in Manhattan across the street
from the Irish Hunger Memorial.

The multimedia, interactive facility designed by Edwin Schlossberg
tries to connect people to the hunger relief work being done around
the world and offers a variety of ways to get involved. It features a
video narrated by "30 Rock" and "Saturday Night Live" star Tina Fey.

"The Action Center will illuminate how hunger is not the problem, but
the symptom of many root causes, such as poor agricultural practices,
human rights abuses, and the impacts of climate change," Fey says in
the video. By identifying and highlighting these underlying causes,
the Action Center will seek to generate the public resolve necessary
to create lasting change."

George Devendorf of Mercy Corps said one goal is to "get someone who
hasn't previously taken an action to take one."

The center suggests a host of actions that visitors can take to combat
hunger, depending the amount of time they want to give — from one
minute to one day to a lifetime. Actions range from writing a letter
to a congressman to sponsoring a tree in Niger to becoming an
Americorps VISTA volunteer.

Four "training towers" focus on issues related to hunger, such as land
use or governance, and show how various countries deal with those
issues.

Mercy Corps, based in Portland, Ore., sees the center as a way of
helping Americans change the way they see the world, and getting them
more connected to global issues, Devendorf said.

"We're not going to be successful in achieving the kind of lasting
change we want unless we open up a second front in that struggle, and
that second front is here at home," he said. "It's influencing
Americans and building a constituency of citizens who understand what
some of these root causes are that animate hunger and poverty and have
a clear understanding of some of the steps they can take."

Devendorf said the idea to create the center started at the Battery
Park City Authority, which was looking for a complement to the hunger
memorial in that neighborhood. The memorial commemorates the famine
that brought hundreds of thousands of Irish to New York.

The center is hosting several events to mark the opening, including a
panel discussion and a comedy show.

National Anti-Hunger Organizations Release New 2008 Blueprint to End
Hunger on World Food Day


Last update: 10:39 a.m. EDT Oct. 16, 2008
WASHINGTON, Oct 16, 2008 /PRNewswire-USNewswire via COMTEX/ -- The
National Anti-Hunger Organizations (NAHO) today released the 2008
Blueprint to End Hunger on World Food Day to provide the nation
direction on how to end hunger in America.
"We have the ability and the means to end hunger in this country. It
is first and foremost a matter of getting good nutrition to people who
are unable to afford or access adequate amounts of nutritious food,"
said H. Eric Schockman, Ph.D., Chair of NAHO. "The 2008 Blueprint to
End Hunger lays out simple, achievable goals for ending hunger in our
nation. If we fail to end hunger in our nation, our land of plenty,
then we are responsible for the tragedies that result -- children who
cannot learn in school because they are hungry, children who suffer
physical and mental impairment because of inadequate nutrition, and
seniors who suffer serious health consequences because they simply
don't have enough to eat."
Over the years, U.S. leaders have worked together in a bipartisan
fashion to develop national nutrition programs, such as the child
nutrition programs, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
(formerly named the Food Stamp Program) and the Special Supplemental
Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC). These
programs have been successful in helping to reduce U.S. hunger and are
largely responsible for eradicating the kind of hunger and
malnutrition that still exists in the developing world. These programs
continue to serve as a major bulwark against hunger. But despite their
effectiveness, the programs are under-funded and fail to reach many
people who need food assistance. By strengthening the programs and
improving people's access to them, the United States can do much more
to reduce hunger.
In 2004, the National Anti-Hunger Organizations (NAHO) issued the
Blueprint to End Hunger - mapping out an effective and targeted
strategy to address hunger throughout the United States. Some progress
has been made since that time. Critical new investments were most
recently made in nutrition programs as part of the 2008 Farm Bill,
including some of the policies advocated in the first Blueprint. But
sadly, much work remains and many of the policies called for in the
original Blueprint still apply.
More than 35 million Americans, including 12 million children, live
with hunger or on the brink of hunger. The cost of food and healthcare
is skyrocketing, and high rates of unemployment continue. Record
numbers of people are enrolling in the Supplemental Nutrition
Assistance Program, the WIC and school meal programs, and, the
nation's charitable emergency food distribution network is
overburdened, with an estimated 20 percent increase in the number of
people requesting food assistance over 2007.
NAHO Membership is comprised of: Alliance to End Hunger, Association
of Nutrition Services Agencies, Bread for the World, Center on Budget
and Policy Priorities, Congressional Hunger Center, Feeding America,
Food Research and Action Center, MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger,
National Association of Interfaith Hunger Directors, RESULTS, Share
Our Strength, Society of Saint Andrew, The End Hunger Network and the
World Hunger Year.
Available for Media Interviews:
Bill Ayres, Executive Director, World Hunger Year, 212-629-8850 ext.
129
David Beckmann, President, Bread for the World, 202-639-9400
Joanne Carter, Executive Director, RESULTS, 202-783-7100 ext. 109
Ed Cooney, Executive Director, Congressional Hunger Center,
202-547-7022 ext. 14
Stacy Dean, Director of Food Assistance Policy, Center on Budget and
Policy Priorities, 202-408-1080
Vicki Escarra, President and CEO, Feeding America, 312-641-6610
Max Finberg, Director, The Alliance To End Hunger, 202-639-9400
Michael Robitaille, Executive Director, The End Hunger Network,
310-454-3716
H. Eric Schockman, Ph.D., President, MAZON: A Jewish Response to
Hunger, 310-442-0020
Bill Shore, Founder and Executive Director, Share Our Strength,
202-393-2925
Jim Weill, President, Food Research and Action Center, 202-986-2200
SOURCE National Anti-Hunger Organizations
Copyright (C) 2008 PR Newswire. All rights reserved

http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/national-anti-hunger-organizations-release-new/story.aspx?guid=%7B719E7E63-C99B-4CC3-9EED-31322A129A08%7D&dist=hppr

On World Food Day, rural women demand land rights to fight hunger

New Delhi, Oct 16 (IANS) Seventy percent of the female workforce is
engaged in agriculture, yet only 10 percent women farmers own any
land. On World Food Day Thursday, women from various parts of rural
India demanded agricultural land rights - to battle hunger and
poverty.

Supported by members of local NGOs and international NGO ActionAid’s
HungerFree campaign, these women, most of whom work as agricultural
farmers yet don’t have the right on their piece of land, stressed that
this was the way out of the vicious cycle of poverty.

Kamala Matan of Orissa, who belongs to a tribal community, said that
their fight for joint pattas (land titles) with their husbands, which
gives them a legal claim to the land they use, has ensured them food
security and an independent livelihood.

‘This patta gives us strength. We don’t fear the men now. They can’t
threaten to throw us out,’ Matan said.

‘Other people can learn from us. When we get the patta we can claim
the land and after us, our children will inherit it,’ she added.

Convincing the men was not easy, Matan said. However they have managed
to convince quite a few.

‘We have been convincing men to sign the patta application in joint
names. At the women’s group meet, we told our husbands that even we
have daughters and tomorrow if her husband divorces her, then she will
face the same problem. If we all sign the patta application together,
this will help them. So they signed it,’ she said.

Rambati, who hails from the Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh and
belongs to the poverty-stricken Sahariya community - a primitive
tribal group in which men typically marry twice - said: ‘If the
government doesn’t give ownership of land to women, what will happen
to the first wife if the husband marries again or deserts the wife?
How will she manage her and her children’s lives?’

Everjoice Win, ActionAid’s Head of Women’s Rights, said: ‘There is no
quick fix to ending hunger, but there is a long-term solution. In poor
countries, it is women who grow most of the food and feed their
families. But their rights to access and control the means to do so
are not provided and in some cases are violated outright.

‘States can be more food secure by implementing and upholding new laws
that give women more secure rights to own or access land in their own
right as citizens.’

http://www.sindhtoday.net/south-asia/28754.htm

Most of G7 in recession, more rate cuts ahead
16 Oct, 2008, 2132 hrs IST, REUTERS

LONDON: The world's richest nations are in or close to recession and
further interest rate cuts are needed to stem off more rot from the
worst financial crisis in nearly 80 years, Reuters polls of economists
showed on Thursday.

Particularly worrying in a quarterly survey of about 250 analysts
across the Group of Seven nations is the sharp deterioration in the
outlook for the United States, which until very recently was seen only
flirting with recession.

Now the consensus view is that the world's largest economy will shrink
for three successive quarters, last seen in 1974-75. That, say
economists, will require the Federal Reserve to cut rates even lower
than their already rock-bottom 1.50 percent.

The polls were taken after governments across the G7 nationalized
swathes of the ailing banking sector and after the world's major
central banks slashed interest rates in unison in an unprecedented
move that even involved China.

Central banks are still flooding money markets with billions of
dollars in temporary cash and dropping restrictions on access to funds
but banks remain very reluctant to lend to each other and market rates
are coming down only gradually.


Also Read
? US plan may slow fire sales but spur bank mergers
? Euro zone in recession, will be hit hard in 2009
? US industrial output posts biggest fall in 34 years
? Good number of banks want equity: Paulson


This leaves the world economy in its most dangerous spot in a very
long time, say economists, who have all but abandoned concerns over
inflation given the rapid falls in asset prices and a halving in crude
oil prices in just a few months.

"With GDP in rapid decline, we look for recessionary conditions to
produce a rapid rise in unemployment and worsening corporate profits,"
said Peter Kretzmer, US economist at Bank of America in New York.

"The downturn is also being felt around the world."

The latest Reuters polls marked the largest downgrades to growth
across the G7, with the exception of Japan, since June last year.
Since the polls closed, US and Asian stock markets staged their
biggest falls since the crash of October 1987, but this time not on
fears for the banking system.

Now financial markets and economists are fretting in unison about a
global recession and the damage that would do to consumer and company
balance sheets, setting the stage for higher unemployment and
shrinking profits.

Airbus forecast sends EADS shares plunging
16 Oct, 2008, 1856 hrs IST, AGENCIES

PARIS: Shares in European aerospace group EADS plunged in value on the
Paris stock exchange on Thursday after its subsidiary Airbus said it
was aband
oning planned production increases owing to an economic slowdown.

EADS shares lost 4.52 per cent of their value to 9.71 euros in midday
trading in Paris in a market that was down 3.45 percent overall.

Airbus said on Wednesday it was lowering its production targets due to
the world economic slowdown and the financial crisis which has hit
world markets in recent weeks.

It said it had abandoned for the moment its aim of raising production
of its A320 single-aisle airliner to 40 a month in 2010, leaving the
target at 36, and would postpone a hike in production of the A330 and
A340 long-haul jets by a year to 2011.

Harald Liberge-Dondoux, an analyst at the Credit Mutuel-CIC bank, said
the revision was "appropriate" since Airbus's targets were becoming
"more and more untenable."

"It has to avoid over-production, particularly in the single-aisle
segment which is the most fragile," the analyst said.


Paulson regrets mistakes on economy
16 Oct, 2008, 2151 hrs IST, AGENCIES

WASHINGTON: Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson on Thursday expressed
regret for the many errors made that led to the biggest financial
crisis in seven decades, but he insisted the administration is
pursuing the correct course now to end the debacle.

"We're not proud of all the mistakes that were made by many different
people, different parties, failures of our regulatory system, failures
of market discipline that got us here," Paulson said in an interview
on Fox Business Network.

But he said he had "no regrets" about the steps the government is
taking now to address the problem.

"We will mitigate the impact on the real economy and we'll get this
financial system working again," he said.

Paulson rejected criticism about the new approach the administration
announced on Tuesday to have the government purchase $250 billion in
stock from private banks, in effect partially nationalizing the
banking system.

He said the initial stock purchases would total $125 billion with the
money going to the country's nine largest banks, whose executives were
summoned to a meeting with Paulson at the Treasury on Monday where he
applied pressure to make sure they all participated.


Also Read
? Euro zone in recession, will be hit hard in 2009
? US industrial output posts biggest fall in 34 years
? Good number of banks want equity: Paulson
? Most of G7 in recession, more rate cuts ahead
Paulson said it was essential that the nine banks, which hold 50
percent of the nation's bank deposits, to participate so that there
would not be a stigma attached to the program. He said it would
encourage other banks who were in greater need of capital to take
part.

"When there's fear in the marketplace and there's concern in the
marketplace, no one wants to raise their hand and say, I need
capital," Paulson said.

Paulson said there had been an interest "from a good number of other
banks" for the other $125 billion the government has to spend to
purchase bank stock. Potentially thousands of banks could be eligible
for a portion of those funds.

Euro zone in recession, will be hit hard in 2009
16 Oct, 2008, 1954 hrs IST, REUTERS
LONDON: The euro zone economy is likely already in its first recession
since monetary union and the outlook for next year looks grim as a
global fina
ncial crisis spills over to most sectors, a Reuters poll showed.

Economists said unprecedented efforts by central banks and governments
to shore up the global banking system, including some of Europe's
biggest names, would not be enough to stop the euro zone economy from
sliding into recession.

The quarterly survey of more than 80 economists, conducted Oct. 8-15,
showed the economy is expected to grow 1.1 per cent this year, and
just 0.4 percent in 2009. That was lower than the 1.3 and 0.9 per cent
growth rates predicted last month and the 2.6 per cent reported in
2007 and marked the seventh consecutive monthly downgrade to growth
forecasts.

Six analysts even see the economy contracting in 2009. Economists say
such a sharp economic deterioration will see the European Central Bank
cut interest rates again this year after it joined forces with other
global central banks to slash rates by half a percentage point earlier
this month.

"The recession that probably started in the middle of this year is
likely to stay longer than we expected, through 2009," said Juergen
Michels at Citi. He said a pickup in unemployment and cuts in company
investment plans had only just begun, and warned the euro zone could
experience four to five years of below-average growth.

The majority of economists, or 34 of 41 who answered the question,
said the euro zone was now in recession. Gross domestic product is
predicted to contract by 0.1 per cent in the third quarter, after
falling by 0.2 per cent in the second.

On average they saw recession lasting for another six to 12 months,
with most saying it would be 'average' in severity by historical
standards, as opposed to 'shallow' or 'deep'. That is despite a big
retreat in the euro's exchange rate against the dollar from around
$1.60 in July, which has eased pressure on exporters, as well as a
dramatic fall in oil prices from record highs over $147 a barrel to
$75 at present.

The central bank's response to dire economic times will be to cut
rates further from their current 3.75 percent. Economists see the bank
cutting by another half percentage point by year-end, in line with
financial markets' expectations.

"A massive reduction of interest rates will eventually help to
stabilise the economy," said Michels, forecasting rates would fall to
2.0 per cent by mid 2009. The majority of economists for now see rates
bottoming at 2.75 per cent in the third quarter.

Inflation is also forecast to fall sharply heading into 2009 as oil
and food prices ease. That will help the ECB defend its anti-inflation
credentials even though official inflation in September was 3.6
percent, still nearly double the bank's aim of keeping it close to but
below 2.0 per cent.

Inflation is forecast to average 3.5 per cent in 2008 after peaking at
4.0 per cent in July. It will then ease sharply to 2.2 per cent next
year, slightly lower than the 2.4 per cent predicted last month. But
consumers will likely be hit hard next year and many people are
expected to lose their jobs.

Euro zone unemployment is forecast at 7.4 per cent this year and 8.0
per cent in 2009. That comes as the manufacturing sector experiences a
sharp slide in orders. Industrial production is forecast to rise 0.5
percent this year and next.

"The current level of uncertainty is unprecedented for the euro zone,
where the full impact of the credit crunch has not yet unfolded," said
Yael Selfin at PricewaterhouseCoopers.

US plan may slow fire sales but spur bank mergers
16 Oct, 2008, 1828 hrs IST, REUTERS

NEW YORK: A US government plan to inject capital directly into banks
could slow the recent spate of distressed sales but is likely to set
the stage for a new wave of bank mergers.

US officials announced a plan on Tuesday to inject $250 billion into
the troubled banking industry by acquiring preferred stock and
warrants in a number of banks.

Half that amount will go to nine banks: Citigroup Inc, JPMorgan Chase,
Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs Group, Bank of America Corp, Merrill
Lynch & Co, Wells Fargo & Co, State Street Corp and Bank of New York
Mellon.

The rest of the money will be offered to an as yet undetermined number
of smaller banks and thrifts across the country.

A direct injection of capital could keep more banks from failing,
giving them the option to seek deals on better terms than distressed
sales like the takeover of Washington Mutual Inc's banking assets by
JPMorgan and the sale of Wachovia Corp to Wells Fargo, experts said.


Also Read
? JPMorgan passes Citigroup as largest US bank
? Focus shifts to economy slump, EU to offer aid
? Credit Suisse raises 10 billion francs, reports massive loss
? Japanese parliament enacts 18 bn $ stimulus plan


But depending on how the government decides to invest the money, it
could divide the industry into haves and have nots, with banks that
get government support better off than those that do not, leading to a
wave of consolidation as stronger banks take over weaker competitors,
they said.

"It creates the prospect of the government acting as a source of
strength to banks that would otherwise be forced into mergers," said
James Murray, head of Houlihan Lokey's financial institutions group.
"In the longer run, it probably is going to act as a catalyst for
mergers."


China eyes stimulus steps as crisis weighs on growth
16 Oct, 2008, 1655 hrs IST, REUTERS

BEIJING: China needs to be ready with measures to cushion the impact
of the global credit crisis on the world's fourth-largest economy,
senior offici
als said on Thursday.

China has already cut interest rates twice in recent weeks, and with
the business climate worsening, many economists say a further
relaxation of monetary policy as well as tax cuts and increases in
public spending are only a matter of time.

"If you look at the extent of investment and consumption, you can see
that growth is not bad," central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said.

"But due to the impact of various factors, we may need to increase
domestic demand further," Zhou told Hong Kong's Phoenix TV on
Wednesday.

The station posted a clip of the interview to media, on Thursday.
Figures due to be released on Monday are likely to show that China's
annual growth in gross domestic product dropped below 10 per cent in
the third quarter from 10.1 per cent in the second quarter and 11.9
percent in all of 2007.

Yang Xiong, vice-mayor of Shanghai, said on Thursday that the city's
industrial output growth dropped to 6 per cent in September from an
average of 11.5 per cent for the first nine months.

Steel and aluminium producers are cutting output sharply in the face
of slumping prices, sales of cars and property have weakened, and
executives say small firms in particular are finding it harder than
ever to obtain credit.

Figures released by a power industry group on Thursday showed that
China's overall factory output growth slowed to 15.2 per cent in the
first nine months of the year, from 15.7 per cent in the first eight
months, implying that annual growth for September was well below the
12.8 per cent pace in August.

A prominent former lawmaker said Beijing should shore up growth by
offering more support to exporters and by cutting taxes, but he said
the world can still be confident in China's growth prospects.

"Even though Chinese growth has already slowed down, if China can
expand by 8-10 percent a year, it can still make a great contribution
to the world economy," Cheng Siwei, a former vice-head of China's
parliament, wrote in the People's Daily overseas edition.

The People's Bank of China, in a statement on its website, vowed to
enhance "communication and cooperation" with other central banks and
international financial organisations to jointly manage financial
risks and maintain financial stability.

Last week, China cut interest rates as part of a coordinated drive
with central banks around the world to halt a free-fall in global
financial markets.

Du Ying, a vice-director of the National Development and Reform
Commission, the top economic planning agency, said China was
considering new steps to stimulate the economy as exports, production
and profits in coastal regions slowed.

But Du said China could weather the storm. "As in the past, China can
overcome the challenges and difficulties to enter a new stage of
development. I'm fully confident of that," Du said.

Yang and Du were speaking at a news briefing organised by the
government on the development of the Yangtze River Delta around
Shanghai.

Chen Min'er, a vice governor of Zhejiang, a prosperous eastern
province with a vibrant private sector, said media reports of
widespread factory closures were incorrect, although there had been
"individual" cases of company failures.

Zhejiang would respond by trying to cut the tax burden on local firms,
make more credit available and ensure a sufficient supply of land and
power for manufacturers, Chen told the briefing.

"The fundamentals of the private economy remain healthy and sound
despite difficulties with some companies," he said, adding that now
was a good time to weed out obsolete, polluting plants.

Yang, the Shanghai vice-mayor, said the financial hub was in good
shape partly due to investments in preparation for the 2010 World
Expo, which the city will stage. "Amid the financial crisis, we are
really lucky that we can have a big event like the World Expo," he
said.

Cheng, the former lawmaker, called for more help for exporters,
especially those in the garment and textile sectors, to push them up
the value chain, and said Beijing should encourage Chinese firms to
increase overseas investments.
Cutting income and corporate tax would leave consumers and firms with
more money to spend, he added.

Credit Suisse raises 10 billion francs, reports massive loss
16 Oct, 2008, 1419 hrs IST, AGENCIES

ZURICH: Switzerland's second largest bank Credit Suisse said today it
had raised 10 billion Swiss francs of new capital, as it posted a 1.3-
billion-f
ranc third quarter loss.

"Credit Suisse has raised tier one capital from a small group of major
global investors, the largest participant being the Qatar Holding LLC,
a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Qatar Investment Authority," a bank
statement said.

The capital hike would see the bank's so-called tier one ratio - a
measure of capital adequacy - raised to 13.7 per cent from 10.4 per
cent at the end of the third quarter.

The bank's chief executive officer Brady Dougan said "unprecedented
market disruption in September" had led to losses in the investment
bank unit.

"Our investment bank was impacted by the volatile conditions and the
result reflects further write-downs in our leveraged finance and
structured products businesses and other losses resulting from the
exceptionally adverse trading conditions in September," he said.

Credit Suisse had plunged into a net loss of 2.148 billion Swiss
francs in the first quarter, but managed a profit of 1.215 billion
francs in the second.

In all, it has written down about 10 billion Swiss francs worth of
assets since the credit crisis began. The Swiss government also
injected six billion francs into banking giant UBS, while the central
bank loaned it 54 billion dollars to transfer its non-liquid assets
into a separate fund.

The fresh capital, equivalent USD 5.2 billion, would give the Swiss
government a 9.3 per cent stake in the bank, one of the worst-hit by
the global financial crisis.

Inflation of 30 essential commodities rises: FinMin
16 Oct, 2008, 2135 hrs IST, PTI

NEW DELHI: Inflation of 30 essential commodities rose to 7.88 per cent
for the week ended October 4, even as the overall rate of price rise
fell to 1
1.44 per cent on yearly basis.

However, there was decline in prices of four of these commodities and
prices of 17 others remained unchanged, a statement by the Finance
Ministry said today.

This implies that prices of nine commodities increased on a week-on-
week basis. However, the statement did not specify which are these
commodities. For the week ended September inflation stood at 7.74 per
cent.

So far as conventional method of measuring inflation on yearly basis
is concerned, it declined for manufactured products and fuel and power
group and increased for primary articles, the ministry said.

Among primary articles, 17 of total 98 items witnessed a decline in
prices including wheat, maize, arhar, barley, gram, potatoes, raw
rubber and corianders. Another 60 primary articles have shown no
increase in prices, the statement said.

In fuel and power group, prices of naphtha, ATF and furnace oil
declined while those of other 15 commodities remained unchanged.
Bitumin was the only commodity in the group which became dearer.

Among manufactured products, 293 of the total 318 commodities have
shown no increase in prices, while 15 became cheaper including lead,
foundry and basic pig iron, cotton seed, imported edible oils, MS
bars.

Ten products including sugar, gur and salt, ground nut and gingelly
oils, automobile cables and complete tractors became expensive, the
ministry said.

Breach of $70 mark for crude oil could add to global recession fears
16 Oct, 2008, 1515 hrs IST,Devangi Joshi, ECONOMICTIMES.COM

MUMBAI: Crude oil has taken considerable beating in the last two
sessions. With the international benchmark November futures on the New
York Mercantile Exchange breaching $77 a barrel, the prices are shy of
touching the strong support of $70.

Most market participant see a fall below $67 as indicating a global
recession.

“Fears of global economic slow down continue to pressure prices and
the downtrend seems deepening. For the near term a breach below
$70-67.5 level will be a crucial event. MCX November contract in this
back drop can trade in Rs 3435- 3285 per barrel range,” said Bhavna
Glory, research analyst, Karvy Comtrade. The domestic November
contract on the MCX, currently trading near Rs 3550 per barrel, has
lost more than 16% in one week.

While the OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) has
already showed its readiness for a considerable output cut in an
emergency meet on Nov 18, the expected slowdown in demand could
continue to pressure prices.


Also Read
? More sops for solar power units in offing
? Inflation cools a bit to 11.44% amidst market volatility
? India has no immediate plan to cut fuel prices: Govt
? M&A deals continue despite global meltdown


According to Debjyoti Chatterjee, AVP research, Mape Admisi
Commodities “Even as the OPEC supply cut could act as a short term
supporting factor, the cartel is responsible for about 30% of global
production. With falling financial markets and contracting consumer
spending across major economies, the demand potential continue to look
bleak. Even industrial demand could have a strong pull back if the
credit freeze continues to affect spending sentiment.”

There has been a considerable downgrade in demand forecast by
institutes like IEA (International Energy Agency) as well as OPEC. The
production cartel yesterday cut its estimates for oil demand next year
by 450,000 barrels a day, or 0.5% to 87.21 million barrels a day. Last
week, the IEA, an adviser to 28 nations, also lowered its projection
for global oil demand next year by 0.5 percent to 87.2 million barrels
a day.

According to Mr Chatterjee, rising pessimism amongst US consumers as
reflected by three consecutive falls in retail sales, indicate further
downside for prices. A move towards of $60 in medium term cannot be
ruled out if $67 fails to hold.

The weekly crude oil and products inventories from US, world’s largest
consumer, is also rising. The hurricane season till late August
provided some pullbacks to prices as inventories briefly fell below
their five- year average. However, with the end of summer driving
season and the turmoil in financial markets, prices have breached
through all-important supports in $100-75 range.

This week’s inventories are expected to come out today. The weekly
release that is expected to show another build up is delayed by one
day, on account of the Columbus Day federal holiday on Oct 13.

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/Indicators/Breach_of_70_mark_for_crude_oil_could_add_to_global_recession_fears/articleshow/3603462.cms

Obama says people want solutions, not attacksAP foreign, Thursday
October 16 2008 LONDONDERRY, N.H. (AP) - Democratic presidential
candidate Barack Obama says his Republican rival, John McCain, doesn't
understand that Americans want to hear about solutions to their
economic problems, not political attacks.

Obama traveled Thursday to New Hampshire following his third and final
debate with McCain.

McCain told Obama during the debate that he isn't President Bush, a
frequent Obama target. The Arizona senator went on to criticize Obama
on a variety of domestic issues as well as his past association with a
'60s-era radical.

Obama is telling supporters in Londonderry, New Hampshire, that McCain
has yet to explain what he would do differently from Bush when it
comes to important economic issues.

Kingfisher cancels orders for three A340s
16 Oct, 2008, 2058 hrs IST, IANS

HYDERABAD: Private domestic carrier Kingfisher Airlines has cancelled
orders for three Airbus A-340 aircraft, a top Airbus official said
here Thursda
y.

Airbus chief operating officer (customers) John Leahy told reporters
his company held talks with Kingfisher on the issue. This was the only
cancellation from India, he said. Asked if Kingfisher was deferring
deliveries of A-320s, he said: "There is nothing new in it."

Kingfisher, which announced a cost-saving alliance with Jet Airways
this week, has deferred deliveries of 32 narrow-bodied A-320
aircraft.

Leahy said India remained a key market for Airbus despite the
slowdown. Airbus forecast that India would be the fastest growing
country for air travel for the next decade. The growth rate is
expected to be 9.7 percent against the average global growth rate of
5.4 percent.

The company has forecast that India's aircraft fleet would grow five-
fold by 2026. The demand for Indian market over next two decades would
be for about 1,000 aircraft worth $120 billion. The largest number 670
will be in single-aisle category.

"Few years from now these numbers might look small as we keep revising
our forecast once every two years," Airbus executive vice-president
(sales and marketing) Kiran Rao. Airbus has strong partnership with
seven Indian carriers. Out of 508 orders from India during 2005-07,
Airbus account for 68 percent. It has the biggest share (57 percent)
of aircraft in India.

Kiran said the number of engineers at Airbus Engineering Centre in
Bangalore would go up from 65 to 100 by the end of this year. The
number is expected to go up to 400 by 2010. The CAE Airbus training
centre in Bangalore will be opened in February 2009 during the
Bangalore air show.

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Saurabh Turakhia & Radhika Pancholi, Hindustan Times
Email Author
Mumbai, October 16, 2008
First Published: 20:47 IST(16/10/2008)
Last Updated: 22:28 IST(16/10/2008)

Print
Shekhar Mehra, a 39-year-old deputy manager with Vishal Retail was
shocked when his company asked him to resign with immediate effect.

“About 400 people have been asked to resign. When I asked my HR head
to assign even one genuine reason for this (the request for a
resignation), he was speechless,” said Sharma, who looked into
procurement and merchandising of food products for Vishal and earned
an annual package of Rs 4 lakh.

However, Manmohan Agarwal, CEO, corporate affairs, Vishal Retail told
Hindustan Times that the company has not done anything radically
different than what was the practice for years together. “For six
months, we have people on probation. Also, for some management cadres,
we don’t have any provision of notice period. We adhere to all terms
and conditions of the contract we enter into with all our people,” he
said. The company has 14,000 employees and Agarwal said that 300 to
400 people leaving every month is a common thing.

As India feels the ripple of a global financial meltdown, sectors,
such as retail, which were so far not only fast-growth ones but also
hot employers, have developed cold feet. If they aren’t laying-off
people, they have almost frozen new recruitments.

“Talent will always remain a function of growth and with companies
getting a little cautious now, layoffs are imminent especially in
sectors who, in the wake of significant and fast growth of the last
few years had gone overboard on hiring,” said Raj Bowen, managing
director (India), Personnel Decision International, an HR consultancy
firm.

“Six to seven months back many retailers were bullish on the entry of
foreign players, which have now been deferred due to the slowdown.
This coupled with protests from smaller retailers as well as political
protests have hit them big. Many retailers have also seen their stock
falling and this has led them to take certain tough measures,” said E.
Balaji, CEO at human resource consulting firm Ma Foi.

Though there is no official confirmation, some media reports say
Reliance Retail has laid off more than 2,000 people. “We would
categorically deny reports of retrenchment of staff undertaken by
Reliance Retail,” said a Reliance spokesperson.

Sanjay Jog, chief people officer, Future Group said his company is
continuing business as usual. “We recruit about 500-600 people every
month and currently, there is no change. In case there is a delay in
completion of properties due to the US slump, it may affect the
industry.” The company has 30,000 employees.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=7801710d-0fbf-43ef-a1c8-8a46147daba8&&Headline=Retail+industry+feels+layoff+heat+as+growth+turns+tepid

Shock and despair among Jet Airways staff given the pink slip
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Express News Service
Posted: Oct 16, 2008 at 1757 hrs IST
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New Delhi, October 15 Axe falls on 300 in Delhi, similar fate awaits
many more; Jet Airways says it’s just the first phase
Just a fortnight before Diwali, hopes came crashing for nearly 300
employees of Jet Airways posted in Delhi. While some of them got a
call in the morning and were told that their services had been
terminated, several others remained clueless about their fate
throughout the day.

There will be many more to share the fate of these 300, as Jet Airways
declared that this was merely the first phase of retrenchment and more
personnel of all categories would face the axe.

The employees have been shown the door with merely one-month’s salary
and one call, saying they have been “de-rostered” due to the reduction
in the number of flights. “The number of flights Jet Airways will be
offering in its winter schedule will be approximately 15 per cent
lower than what was originally planned. As a first step, around 800
flight attendants, recruited recently under an expansion programme
that has now been shelved, have been released. We are in the process
of releasing personnel in other categories also,” said Wolfgang Prock
Shauer, the chief executive officer of Jet Airways.

It’s not only those on probation who got the pink slip. Micheal Canon
(28) had been working as a transport supervisor for nearly three
years. Canon supports his wife, two children, a younger brother and an
elderly brother. “It is too shocking and no one has been able to react
yet. We just got a call, saying our flights have been cancelled. When
we came to the office, there were no clear orders. Some said we would
get our termination letters by evening, while others just did not
respond,” said Canon, standing outside domestic terminal 1-B.

Among those retrenched were employees who had just started out on
their professional life. “I was planning to get married in a year’s
time. I had left a good job in a BPO to get into this profession,”
said Pulkit Arora, the eldest of three siblings. “We all had paid Rs
55,000 each to Jet Airways for a four-month training and spent nearly
Rs 70,000 more during the training. There will definitely not be any
Diwali celebrations at home this year,” he added.

The contract signed by the employees says if they leave work after
three years the sum paid for training will be refunded to them.
However, if they leave before that, they will be paid Rs 25,000 only.
Jet Airways officials did not specify if the retrenched employees
would be given back the full amount.

Many of the dejected employees are now ready to work for even less
money. “I was getting Rs 35,000 per month and the fact that it won’t
be coming to my account any longer means my financial freedom has been
taken away. I am even ready to work on a lower salary. They could have
kept us as ground staff if they wanted fewer cabin crew members,” said
Harpreet Kaur. She said she had been saving money to buy an LCD TV and
for a trip to Dubai for her parent’s anniversary, something which
won’t be possible now.

Meenakshi Sharma had big plans for October 26, on her 20th birthday.
“It would have been my first birthday after getting a job and I had
planned a lot of things. All that is meaningless now,” she said. Even
as Sharma explained her situation, she was flooded with calls from her
colleagues many of whom are still unaware about their fates.
http://www.expressindia.com/latest-news/shock-and-despair-among-jet-airways-staff-given-the-pink-slip/373942/

Diamond workers leaving the country
October 15, 2008

By Justin Brown Johannesburg

Botswana, Namibia and Mauritius are gaining cutting and polishing
skills from South Africa as a result of the decline in the local
industry, it emerged on Monday at a diamond and precious metal
workshop.

Ernest Blom, the chairman of the Diamond and Jewellery Federation of
SA, said that more than 1 000 diamond cutters and polishers had been
retrenched in the past three years. This move had resulted in the
number of diamond cutters and polishers declining from 3 000 to as few
as 1 500, he added.

The local industry was declining because of an inadequate supply of
rough diamonds since the State Diamond Trader (SDT) was established in
January; lack of funding for industry enterprises; and new industry
regulations that had resulted in "some unintended consequences".

Blom said: "Before the SDT, [De Beers'] Diamdel in South Africa used
to supply more than $100 million [R924 million at yesterday's exchange
rate] worth of desirable goods, being goods demanded by the South
African market.

"The current state is characterised by the SDT supplying up to 85
percent of undesirable rough diamonds."

Many of the retrenched cutters and polishers had moved to Botswana,
Namibia and Mauritius, he said.

Botswana previously had fewer than 300 cutters and polishers, Namibia
between 100 and 200, and Mauritius a "handful". Now Botswana had about
3 000, Namibia hundreds and Mauritius about 1 200.

The loss of skilled personnel to neighbouring countries was not due to
the packages being offered, but because of retrenchment and "turmoil"
in the local market.



Steve Phiri, the chairman of the SA Diamond and Precious Metals
Regulator (SADPMR), said the local diamond and precious metals
beneficiation industry had shrunk and some of its skilled workers had
left for Botswana.

Blom said the South African industry produced less than 1 percent of
global jewellery demand. "The total South African industry could fit
into a single factory in India [or] China," he added. The local
cutting and polishing industry "is in sharp decline".

Phiri said that there had been a delay with the SDT establishing an
agreement with diamond producers other than De Beers. "There have been
teething problems with the SDT." There has been a significant increase
in diamond export volumes.

Local small, medium and micro enterprises faced challenges because
there was no support from local diamond producers, Phiri said.

Roger Baxter, the chief economist of the Chamber of Mines, said there
was still uncertainty about what form the proposed beneficiation act
would take.

He said the way the Diamonds Amendment Act had been applied had
created "significant regulatory and market uncertainty".

The SDT and the SADPMR had both created an "uncertain negative
environment".

Baxter said: "The SDT has scrapped all previous agreements with
diamond mining companies and is insisting on [mining houses] signing a
generic … contract, which does not cater for the different business
models."

http://www.busrep.co.za/index.php?fArticleId=4660713&fSectionId=552&fSetId=662

Retrenchment and relief money
V Krishna AnanthFirst Published : 10 Oct 2008 04:33:00 AM ISTLast
Updated : 10 Oct 2008 10:59:35 AM ISTThe death of Graziano
Transmissioni CEO Lalit Kishore Chaudhury is a tragedy, but there is
an irony about the way the political establishment and the media went
ballistic over the incident in Greater Noida on September 22. A close
reading of the events would bring out a few facts; one being that the
murder was unintentional.


In other words, criminal intent will be difficult to establish. From
what has come out so far, the death of Chaudhury, who headed the
Indian unit of the Italian MNC, was more in the nature of an accident
than the result of deliberate planning.

Chaudhry’s murder has a resonance with another one long ago, of
Shankar Guha Neogi, leader of mine workers in Dalli Rajhara (near
Bhilai).

He was shot dead at his residence on September 28, 1991. It was
established at the Sessions court that the executioner was hired by
some small time industrialists, including BR Jain, who shot to infamy
in a hawala case that shook the political establishment for a while in
1995-96. As with the hawala case, the Neogi murder case too fell
through for want of legally sustainable evidence.

The one notable difference is that in Neogi’s case, neither the media
nor the politicians made a fraction of the noise that followed Lalit
Chaudhury’s death. And when workers in the mines and the ancillary
units around the Bhilai Steel Plant organised a demonstration
demanding justice, the Madhya Pradesh government had its police shoot
down 11 of those workers in Bhilai. There was hardly any expression of
official concern.

The visual media, of course, did not exist in its glory as now, so
there was no question of the cycle of ‘breaking news’ and the
screeching that goes non-stop with it. But it is doubtful whether
these channels would have treated Neogi with the same tender concern
that they showed Chaudhury. These channels seem to see only one side
of the story.

In the Lalit Chaudhury case.

Graziano, as has been reported, laid off a section of its workers and
the violence on September 22 was a fallout of the demand by retrenched
workmen demanding reinstatement or compensation.

The law is clear. Such layoffs are governed by the Industrial
Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946 read along with Sections 25(c)
and 25(f) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. Their ambit has been
settled by various High Court and Supreme Court judgments.

If the management lays off a section of its workmen for a period, they
are entitled to layoff compensation amounting to half the basic salary
and dearness allowance, for 45 days, even in the case of badli workers
(P Joseph vs Loyal Textile Mills). Where the layoff persists beyond 45
days, workers are entitled to full compensation.

Similarly, retrenchment has to be preceded by a month’s notice and
compensation amounting to 15 days wages (includes basic pay plus
dearness allowance) for every year of service is a statutory right for
all kinds of workmen, ad hoc, temporary, badli workers and daily rated
workers where they have served 240 days in a calendar year.

In a leading case (Mohanlal vs Bharat Electronics Limited) in 1981,
the Supreme Court made it clear that any retrenchment without
complying with the provisions of Section 25(f) of the Industrial
Disputes Act, 1947 will be void ab initio and lead to continuation of
service with full back wages. The apex court held that the underlying
object of Section 25(f) is two-fold: First, a retrenched employee must
have one month’s time to search for alternate employment. So either he
should be given one month's notice or paid wages for the notice
period.

Secondly, the workman must be paid retrenchment compensation at the
time of retrenchment, or before, so that once retrenched, there should
be no need for him to go to his employer demanding retrenchment
compensation.

The compensation paid is not only a reward earned for services
rendered but is also a sustenance to the worker for the period spent
searching for another employment.

The onus of ensuring that all these laws are implemented rests with
the departments of labour and employment in the various states as well
as the Union government. In other words, the issue insofar as the
Greater Noida incident was concerned ought to have been settled by the
labour commissioner through his subordinates in the region. This,
obviously, was not done and the workers were left in the lurch.

Perhaps it is too much to expect a petty officer to force an MNC to
mend its ways and obey the law of the land.

That the mighty Oscar Fernandes, Union minister for labour, had to
apologise for his initial observations on the incident, should
convince those with a rational mind of the clout these MNCs wield over
the nation and its articulate people. And that explains the state of
the workmen and their rights against such employers who, incidentally,
would not dare do such things in their own land. Workers in Italy or
any other developed nation cannot be retrenched with the ease as they
seek in India. Those responsible are none other than the rulers and
the apologists for such un-democracy.

(The writer is an advocate and political commentator based in Chennai)

http://www.expressbuzz.com/edition/story.aspx?Title=Retrenchment+and+relief+money&artid=MTHLRlt3Nr4=&SectionID=XVSZ2Fy6Gzo=&MainSectionID=XVSZ2Fy6Gzo=&SectionName=m3GntEw72ik=