Page 157-158問題

[雁子]

一.
7.Killing off predators such as wolves and grizzly bears in the last
century started a cascade of effects that threw ecosystems out of
balance.
請問這句的動詞是started?
started a cascade of effects that threw ecosystems out of balance. 中文意
思?
10. Smoking in public places should be the choice of the owner, not
the government.
請問the choice of the owner是指抽煙者的選擇?
二.
7.In spite of his being tired , his wife made him clean the rooms.
可否解釋為什麼用being tired ,這是被動動名詞?
8.Thank you for being so understanding.
understanding在這是當名詞 or 形容詞.

謝謝您

[美星 Amstarcreative]

一.
7.Killing off predators such as wolves and grizzly bears in the last
century started a cascade of effects that threw ecosystems out of
balance.
請問這句的動詞是started?

Ans: 是的。

started a cascade of effects that threw ecosystems out of balance. 中文意
思?

Ans:開始(造成)了生態系統失去平衡的一連串影響。
（從屬形容詞子句that threw ecosystems out of balance.修飾主要子句中的先行詞effects；參見p.
220)

10. Smoking in public places should be the choice of the owner, not

(the choice of) the government.

請問the choice of the owner是指抽煙者的選擇?

Ans:是的。應該是抽煙者的選擇，而不是政府。後面的片語省略了(the choice of)
(這句話好像比教較有人權喔)

二.
7.In spite of his being tired, his wife made him clean the rooms.
可否解釋為什麼用being tired ,這是被動動名詞?

Ans:1. his是「所有格代名詞」後面要接名詞，動名詞就是當作名詞來用，所以要用being；
　　2.　本句的being tired 並不是被動式動名詞。
　　　　tired是分詞當作形容詞使用，請應用到p.21的句型2的文法原理，
　　　　例如：I am tired. 就不是被動式，tired是主詞補語。
　　　　本句tired也是主詞補語的類同文法原理(由his來推回去he is tired)

8.Thank you for being so understanding.
understanding在這是當名詞 or 形容詞.

Ans:for 是介系詞，後面要接名詞(見p.155之1)；
so 是副詞，understanding是形容詞； 文法原理也是要運用到p.21的句型2；
例如：He is so good.