You can't use the name of an objective (like variable_cost) in the AMPL expression for another objective. Instead, use "defined variables" to identify the different kinds of cost, and add them up to represent the total cost objective:
var variable_cost = sum {i in customers, j in customers: i<>j}
(teta_1 *(arrival[j] - arrival[i]) + teta_2 * service[i]);
var energy_cost = sum {i in vertices, j in vertices: i<>j}
route[i,j] * fuel_cost * (distance[i,j] * (rate_0 + delta * loadVeh[i,j]));
var fixed_cost = sum {j in customers} fix_cost * route[0,j];
minimize total_cost: variable_cost + energy_cost + fixed_cost;