[REQUEST] Perceiving ambivalence: looking for references
Iris K. Schneider
I am looking to find work on perceptions of ambivalence, both emotional and attitudinal, and how they relate to different social judgments and processes. I have a selection, but it is incomplete, and I would like to know what I am missing. I pasted the list below; feel free to reply if you have a reference I should add! If there is interest, I am happy to share the final list/library in Zotero.
Thanks,
Iris.
Belkin, L. Y., & Rothman, N. B. (2017). Do I Trust You? Depends on What You Feel: Interpersonal Effects of Emotions on Initial Trust at Zero-Acquaintance. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 10(1), 3–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12088
Đurić, M., Righetti, F., Zoppolat, G., Solleiro Saura, C., & Schneider, I. K. (2025). Loves me, loves me not: Perceived romantic partner’s ambivalence is associated with lower personal and relationship well-being. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001493
Gerhart, J.-V. (2024). A darkness shining in brightness: The role of mixed emotions in the contexts of consumer psychology and decision making (Publication No. HEB519391527) [Doctoral dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz]. Mainz University Open Science. Https://openscience.ub.uni- mainz.de/handle/20.500.12030/10404. (n.d.).
Guarana, C. L., Rothman, N. B., & Melwani, S. (2023). Leader subjective ambivalence: Enabling team task performance via information-seeking processes. Personnel Psychology, 76(3), 913–944. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12516
Han, R., Proulx, T., Van Harreveld, F., & Haddock, G. (2023). How people perceive dispositionally (non-) ambivalent others and why it matters. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 109, 104518. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2023.104518
Han, Y. (2020, June 5). Ambivalence in the Leader-Follower Relationship: Dispositional Antecedents and Effects on Work-Related Well-Being. Carleton University.
Han, Y., & Sears, G. J. (2024). Does leader-member exchange ambivalence hinder employee well-being? Exploring relations with work engagement and emotional exhaustion. Stress and Health, 40(3), e3334. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.3334
Hohnsbehn, J.-M., Paules, E., & Schneider, I. K. (2024). Open for business: How leader ambivalence facilitates upward follower communication via perceptions of increased cognitive flexibility and responsiveness. Current Psychology, 43(48), 37026–37043. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07127-6
Holt-Lunstad, J., & Uchino, B. N. (2019). Social Ambivalence and Disease (SAD): A Theoretical Model Aimed at Understanding the Health Implications of Ambivalent Relationships. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(6), 941–966. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619861392
Liegl, S., & Furtner, M. R. (2024). Emotional leader communication in the digital age: An experimental investigation on the role of emoji. Computers in Human Behavior, 154, 108148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2024.108148
Lim, J. H., Tai, K., & Kouchaki, M. (2021). Ambivalent bosses: An examination of supervisor expressed emotional ambivalence on subordinate task engagement. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 165, 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.05.001
Mao, M., Zhang, L., & Li, J. (2025). How and when unethical pro-family behavior backfires on employees: Exploring the role of emotional ambivalence and dialectical thinking. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-07594-5
Pillaud, V., Cavazza, N., & Butera, F. (2013). The Social Value of Being Ambivalent: Self-Presentational Concerns in the Expression of Attitudinal Ambivalence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(9), 1139–1151. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167213490806
Pillaud, V., Cavazza, N., & Butera, F. (2018). The Social Utility of Ambivalence: Being Ambivalent on Controversial Issues Is Recognized as Competence. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00961
Rothman, N. B. (2011). Steering sheep: How expressed emotional ambivalence elicits dominance in interdependent decision making contexts. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 116(1), 66–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2011.05.004
Rothman, N. B., & Melwani, S. (2017). Feeling Mixed, Ambivalent, and in Flux: The Social Functions of Emotional Complexity for Leaders. Academy of Management Review, 42(2), 259–282. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0355
Rothman, N. B., & Northcraft, G. B. (2015). Unlocking integrative potential: Expressed emotional ambivalence and negotiation outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 126, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2014.10.005
Siev, J. J., Philipp-Muller, A., Durso, G. R. O., & Wegener, D. T. (2024). Endorsing both sides, pleasing neither: Ambivalent individuals face unexpected social costs in political conflicts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 114, 104631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2024.104631
Silver, I., & Shaw, A. (2022). When and why “staying out of it” backfires in moral and political disagreements. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 151(10), 2542–2561. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001201
Simons, J. J. P., & Green, M. C. (2016). Divisive Topics as Social Threats. Communication Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650216644025
Stollberger, J., Guillaume, Y., & van Knippenberg, D. (2024a). Inspiring, Yet Tiring: How Leader Emotional Complexity Shapes Follower Creativity. Organization Science, 35(3), 1015–1041. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.13152
Stollberger, J., Guillaume, Y., & van Knippenberg, D. (2024b). Inspiring, Yet Tiring: How Leader Emotional Complexity Shapes Follower Creativity. Organization Science, 35(3), 1015–1041. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2019.13152
Suurd Ralph, C., & Barling, J. (2023). Leader Inconsistency, Subjective Ambivalence, and Follower Outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 38(5), 1003–1021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-022-09852-w
Teeny, J. D., & Petty, R. E. (2022). Attributions of emotion and reduced attitude openness prevent people from engaging others with opposing views. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 102, 104373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2022.104373
The assessment of positivity and negativity in social networks: The reliability and validity of the social relationships index—Campo—2009—Journal of Community Psychology—Wiley Online Library. (n.d.). Retrieved March 18, 2025, from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jcop.20308
Toribio-Flórez, D., van Harreveld, F., & Schneider, I. K. (2020). Ambivalence and Interpersonal Liking: The Expression of Ambivalence as Social Validation of Attitudinal Conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 2439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.525301
Toribio-Flórez, D., Van Harreveld, F., & Schneider, I. K. (2020). Ambivalence and interpersonal liking: The expression of ambivalence as social validation of attitudinal conflict. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 525301.
Tsai, M.-H. (2024). The interpersonal effects of emotional expressions with both and single valences on work-related satisfaction: An examination of emotions and perceived openness as mediators. Cognition and Emotion, 38(3), 361–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2023.2299981
Uchino, B., Bosch, J., Smith, T., Carlisle, M., Birmingham, W., Bowen, K., Light, K., Heaney, J., & Ó Hartaigh, B. (2013). Relationships and Cardiovascular Risk: Perceived Spousal Ambivalence in Specific Relationship Contexts and its Links to Inflammation. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 32. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033515
Uchino, B. N., Smith, T. W., & Berg, C. A. (2014). Spousal Relationship Quality and Cardiovascular Risk: Dyadic Perceptions of Relationship Ambivalence Are Associated With Coronary-Artery Calcification. Psychological Science, 25(4), 1037–1042. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613520015