German Count !!BETTER!!
Marcelene Pape
German titles of nobility were usually inherited by all male-line descendants, although some descended by male primogeniture, especially in 19th and 20th century Prussia (e.g., Otto von Bismarck, born a baronial Junker (not a title), was granted the title of count (Graf) extending to all his male-line descendants, and later that of prince (Fürst) in primogeniture). Upon promulgation of the Weimar Constitution on 11 August 1919, all Germans were declared equal before the law.[3] an exceptional practice regarding surnames borne by former members of the nobility: whereas the gender differentiation in German surnames, widespread until the 18th century and colloquially retained in some dialects, was abolished in Germany with the introduction of officially registered invariable surnames by the late 19th century, former noble titles transformed into parts of the surname in 1919 continue to appear in female and male forms.[4]
German nobility was not simply distinguished by noble ranks and titles, but was also seen as a distinctive ethos. Title 9, 1 of the General State Laws for the Prussian States declared that the nobility's responsibility "as the first social class in the state" was "the defence of the country, as well as the supporting of the exterior dignity and the interior constitution thereof". Most German states had strict laws concerning proper conduct, employment, or marriage of nobles. Violating these laws could result in temporary or permanent Adelsverlust ("loss of the status of nobility"). Until the late 19th century, for example, it was usually forbidden for nobles, theoretically on pain of Adelsverlust, to marry persons "of low birth". Moreover, nobles employed in menial labour and lowly trades or wage labour could lose their nobility, as could nobles convicted of capital crimes. Adelsverlust only concerned the individual who had violated nobility codes of conduct. Their kin, spouse, and living children were not affected, but children born to a man after an Adelsverlust were commoners and did not inherit the father's former nobility.
Germany follows Salic law, as most Continental European countries. This means that nobility is inherited only in the legitimate male line, and wives of noblemen partake in their husbands' nobility for the duration of marriage and widowhood. Noblewomen who marry commoners lose their nobility and become commoners themselves, and nobility is only recovered if they remarry a nobleman.
Nobility that held legal privileges until 1918 greater than those enjoyed by commoners, but less than those enjoyed by the Hochadel, were considered part of the lower nobility or Niederer Adel. Most were untitled, only making use of the particle von in their surnames. Higher-ranking noble families of the Niederer Adel bore such hereditary titles as Edler (lord), Ritter (knight), Freiherr (or baron) and Graf. Although most German counts belonged officially to the lower nobility, those who were mediatised belonged to the Hochadel, the heads of their families being entitled to be addressed as Erlaucht ("Illustrious Highness"), rather than simply as Hochgeboren ("High-born"). There were also some German noble families, especially in Austria, Prussia and Bavaria, whose heads bore the titles of Fürst (prince) or Herzog (duke); however, never having exercised a degree of sovereignty, they were accounted members of the lower nobility (e.g., Bismarck, Blücher, Putbus, Hanau, Henckel von Donnersmarck, Pless, Wrede).
The titles of elector, grand duke, archduke, duke, landgrave, margrave, count palatine, prince and Reichsgraf were borne by rulers who belonged to Germany's Hochadel. Other counts, as well as barons (Freiherren/Barons), lords (Herren), Landed knights (Ritter)[c] were borne by noble, non-reigning families. The vast majority of the German nobility, however, inherited no titles, and were usually distinguishable only by the nobiliary particle von in their surnames.
I don't have hard evidence like studies for you, only personal experience (eastern Germany): Yes, we do start counting from the thumb. My kids and their friends in Kindergarten do it that way, my colleagues do, my friends and family count like that aswell. In fact my older daughter (5yo) was only today experimenting to count in different ways, and in the end dismissed all the "wrong" ways. I don't know any Germans who don't count like that. My wife, who is a teacher, says she has seen russian migrant kids counting from the index finger, but no Germans either.
Edit based on the comments: Maybe as a rule of thumb, keeping down only the pinky (on its side of the hand) feels awkward and will be avoided by first prioritizing the thumb (until 3) and then switching thumb for pinky (at 4). Signaling "one" might be done with the index finger if the thumb is not unambigious enough("thumbs up"), but counting will start at the thumb, so there probably should be made a clear distinction between counting and signaling. When counting, the pinky-thumb switch is not done by everybody, as a non representative survey among a couple of locals who happened to be at hand showed just now.
Non-verbal communication with hands is very culturally dependend. It is not as similar as smiling. We ran studies between Chinese and western cultures and the differences are huge in certain areas. Funny example is always the "okay" sign of divers (putting index and thumb together) which means in the Arabian culture a..h... . A quick link for you about counting in different cultures -to-count-with-your-fingers-in-different-languages.htm
I live in Dresden, former east Germany, and here, as well as in Berlin, you count as follows: 1thumb, 2thumb+index, 3thumb+index +ring finger,4all 4 no thumb, and 5 with all five fingers. I have never seen here any German who would start counting with his index finger.
As you continue to count higher, pay attention to where the period (commonly used in place of a comma) falls. This will help you determine how to group the numbers. For example, 231.795 is zweihunderteinunddreißigtausendsiebenhundertfünfundneunzig (two hundred thirty-one thousand, seven hundred and ninety-five.
In German, phone numbers are typically said digit-by-digit, starting with the country code, then the area code, and finally the phone number itself. Each digit is said separately using its corresponding name in German.
Welcome to German Noblity. Here you can actually buy a german nobility title. And not only that, you will receive a magnificent certificate confirming your new title and one for your partner for free.
For many people, the idea of being raised to the peerage is enticing. The nobility had many privileges in the past and enjoyed a high reputation. Many nobles felt their title as an enrichment and enjoyed the status that came with it. The privileges bestowed upon the nobility varied by country, region, and nobility. Some nobles received honorary or material privileges. Before you decide which title of nobility to accept, you should learn more about royal status. In the following post you will find information about different titles of nobility and you can find out which title suits you best. Would you rather be a count or a baron? The decision is yours.
For many people, a title of nobility is an enticing prospect, as high society is out of reach for most. The possibility of drinking a glass of champagne with a prince, driving through the city as a prince in a fancy car or reserving a seat in a posh restaurant as a count seems tempting to many. One often hears about people with noble titles in the media, but it is often unclear where they come from. The majority of titles of nobility today are simply bought, while few are acquired by birth, marriage or adoption. We can provide you with information about buying a legal title of nobility, as we have had many years of experience dealing with titles of nobility since 1999.
You may need to learn how to count to 10 in German for travel, work, or just curiosity. Learning how to count in German is as easy as eins, zwei, drei! German is a very common language that is spoken by upwards of 100 million people worldwide, so it can be useful to learn a little of it.
Numbers are a huge part of everyday life. If you talk about them in German, you need to know how what German numbers are. So, learning to count in German is a necessary skill. These are just a few of the everyday activities that you do that involve counting or numbers:
Of course, to reach German fluency you need more than just knowing how to count. You need to learn common words and phrases, understand grammar, and practice speaking a lot. Luckily, you can find that all on OptiLingo.
As a non-EU citizen I moved to Bayern and I finished both my bachelor's and master's degree on a german university. While I was in Bayern I lived with a residence permit for non-EU citizens for 5 years. Currently I am working in another Bundesland again with a residence permit, still in Germany. My question is, do the 5 years count towards my needed 8 year stay for citizenship, because I read somewhere that Bayern does not count the years as a student, but I read that only on one page, I didn't find anything about that on their official site.
Your best bet is to stick with some of the methods for practicing counting and numbers, so bring German into your workouts, count the number of steps on a staircase and play around with German counting exercises online.
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