Cleopatra revered for her brain
Rebecca Lann
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2-1524850,00.html
by Ben Hoyle -- Long before Shakespeare portrayed her as history's
most exotic femme fatale, Cleopatra was revered throughout the Arab
world — for her brain.
Medieval Arab scholars never referred to the Egyptian queen's
appearance, and they made no mention of the dangerous sensuality which
supposedly corrupted Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Instead they
marvelled at her intellectual accomplishments: from alchemy and
medicine to philosophy, mathematics and town planning, a new book has
claimed.
Even Elizabeth Taylor, who famously played the title role in the 1963
epic Cleopatra, would have struggled to inject sex appeal into this
queen. Arab writers depict Cleopatra's court as a place of
intellectual seminars and scholarship rather than the more traditional
vision of kohl-rimmed eyes and hedonistic intrigue.
"They admired her scientific knowledge and her administrative
ability," the book's author Okasha el-Daly, who is based at the Petrie
Museum of Egyptian Archaeology at University College London, said.
In Egyptology: The Missing Millennium he writes that "Arabic sources
often refer to Cleopatra as 'the virtuous scholar' and cite scientific
books written by her as the definitive works in their field". She was
also regarded as a great builder, he claims, responsible among other
things for a canal to supply Alexandria with Nile water.
Cleopatra was born in 69BC, the last of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty
that ruled Egypt after Alexander the Great's invasion in 332BC. The
few images of her that survive suggest that she was not a great beauty
by modern standards. Despite this she succeeded in seducing Caesar and
his former ally Mark Antony, who left his Roman wife Octavia for her.
European scholars finally learned to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics
in 1822 with the help of the Rosetta Stone. But Dr el-Daly believes
that a ninth-century Arabian alchemist, Ibn Wahshiyah, got there
first, opening up original Egyptian sources to medieval Arab writers.
"There has always been a snobbery which suggested that medieval Arab
scholars only cared about science and engineering," he said. "They
wrote about everything they found interesting. I even found one
medieval scholar who had written a book on sex."
Kate Spence, a lecturer in Egyptology at Cambridge University's
Faculty of Oriental Studies, described Dr el-Daly's work as very
important.
"Everybody has known that these Arab sources were around for ages."
she said, "but most of us working in this field don't know enough
Arabic to use them properly."
(c) 2005 Times Newspapers Ltd.
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