For the Canadians
MarkK
Imndano
Lets see this article is written by a "journalist" in the local gazette and
can't be confirmed , even by your own posting of it, several of those folks
questioned it's authenticity in their very responses, please I implore
you....impress me, form an opinion, come up with a REAL thought, observation or
freakin story that you don't glom from another biased media outlet.
I actually am very disappointed in you, thought you would have jumped all over
the allegations that US service personnel as well as news media personnel,
smuggled Iraqui artifacts out of the country, deplorable and if found guilty
they should be punished, oh BTW this was reported by the very US biased GMA
news program here in the US.
You are so busy chasing your tail henny penny that you are missing REAL
atrocities by US troops :))))
<B><Font Color="#FF0000"> Patti
</Font Color> <Font Color="#000080">These colors </Font Color>
<Font Color="#FF0000">don't run.
MarkK
> Oh for chirsts sake Mark get a new bone to play with would ya?
>
> Lets see this article is written by a "journalist" in the local gazette and
> can't be confirmed , even by your own posting of it, several of those folks
> questioned it's authenticity in their very responses, please I implore
> you....impress me, form an opinion, come up with a REAL thought, observation or
> freakin story that you don't glom from another biased media outlet.
>
> I actually am very disappointed in you, thought you would have jumped all over
> the allegations that US service personnel as well as news media personnel,
> smuggled Iraqui artifacts out of the country, deplorable and if found guilty
> they should be punished, oh BTW this was reported by the very US biased GMA
> news program here in the US.
Because the american looters and the support for looters by the US is
a story that is already widely known. What isn't widely known is that
much of the artifacts looted may have been stolen to order by well
connected, mostly american, collectors.
Mark K.
Imndano
>a story that is already widely known.
From your BBC
Note that the US is frowning upon this stuff marky and taking action too.
Last Updated: Wednesday, 23 April, 2003, 23:29 GMT 00:29 UK
Email this to a friend Printable version
Newsman on Iraq looting charge
Items are popping up for sale on the internet
A US television news employee has been charged with smuggling artworks and
monetary bonds from Iraq.
Benjamin James Johnson - an engineer for Fox news - stands accused of bringing
into the US 12 paintings taken from a palace belonging to Saddam Hussein's son
Uday and also of making false statements to the police.
Mr Johnson, who was embedded with US troops during the Iraq war, was arrested
at Dulles International Airport near Washington. Fox says he has been fired.
These items are not souvenirs or 'war trophies' but stolen goods that belong
to the people of Iraq
Gordon England,
Homeland Security Department
A US Government official warned returning soldiers and journalists that looting
would not be tolerated.
"These items are not souvenirs or 'war trophies' but stolen goods that belong
to the people of Iraq," Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security Gordon England
said.
He was speaking at a news conference where he displayed looted objects
including gold-plated weapons.
'Presents from Iraqis'
When stopped by Customs officials, Mr Johnson declared just $20 worth of
cigarettes.
But a search of his luggage revealed the 12 paintings from Iraq.
Mr Johnson reportedly told the officials he had been given the paintings by
Iraqi citizens, but later admitted that they had been removed from presidential
palaces in Baghdad.
The paintings were part of a haul of stolen goods put on display by the US
Customs Department.
Several other journalists and one American soldier are also under
investigation.
US officials say the paintings themselves are not of any great value.
Online auctions
Customs agents at a US airport believe they have seized at least one item taken
from Baghdad museum, which was looted of thousands of valuable artefacts as
Saddam Hussein's regime collapsed.
PRESUMED MISSING
80,000 cuneiform tablets with world's earliest writing
Bronze figure of Akkadian king - 4,500 years old
Silver harp from ancient city of Ur - 4,000 years old
Three-foot carved Sumerian vase - 5,200 years old
Headless statue of Sumerian king Entemena - 4,600 years old
Carved sacred cup - 4,600 years old
The FBI refused to say at which airport the object had been confiscated or the
nature of the artefact, but customs officials across the country have been put
on high alert amid suspicions that many of the stolen objects will end up on
the US market.
Many objects from Iraq, looted both at the end of the first Gulf War in 1991
and during the last, have already started turning up for sale at online
auctioneers, experts say.
"You won't find the big, expensive pieces on the internet, but the smaller
things that won't command as much attention," Dr Neil Brodie of the UK's
Illicit Antiquities Research Centre told BBC News Online.
"It's these pieces that are much harder to track down."
Artistic co-operation
The US has come in for intense criticism from archaeologists and art historians
for its failure to protect Baghdad's cultural heritage from looters when
lawlessness broke out.
Three White House cultural advisers resigned in protest, and Washington
subsequently announced plans to send FBI agents to join Interpol police in the
recovery operation, both inside and outside Iraq.
The FBI says it will work closely with art collectors, auction houses, museum
curators and online sellers to track down any Iraqi pieces put up for sale.
As well as the national museum in Baghdad, a museum in Mosul was looted and the
capital's Islamic Library, which housed ancient manuscripts including one of
the oldest surviving copies of the Koran, was ravaged by fire.
The UN's cultural agency Unesco has called the loss and destruction already
suffered "a disaster".
FuzzDuckie
inspecting EVERYTHING that is coming from Iraq. The guy in question below
was also fired from his job if I remember correctly.
"Imndano" <imn...@aol.com> wrote in message
news:20030425062345...@mb-m01.aol.com...
Imndano
>inspecting EVERYTHING that is coming from Iraq. The guy in question below
>was also fired from his job if I remember correctly.
You are correct, so the US is NOT supporting the looting that Marky suggests
they are, also no where on the BBC network did they infer that the US was
turning a blind eye to it, thats just Marky spinnin his yarn again.
MarkK
> >The US is cracking down on that and
> >inspecting EVERYTHING that is coming from Iraq. The guy in question below
> >was also fired from his job if I remember correctly.
>
> You are correct, so the US is NOT supporting the looting that Marky suggests
> they are, also no where on the BBC network did they infer that the US was
> turning a blind eye to it, thats just Marky spinnin his yarn again.
It wasn't just the fox guy, soldiers and other journalists were
looting too. There are also reports of the soldiers encouraging
looters.
Mark K.
Imndano
>looting too.
I know Mark, I can read and BTW it's only a handful of soldiers possibly
involved, stop trying to make it sound luike it's the entire freakin Army Corp
or something.
>There are also reports of the soldiers encouraging
>looters.
>Mark K.
Yeah where? I sure as hell haven't seen or heard that anywhere!
RioSlow
>>looters.
>>Mark K.
>
>Yeah where? I sure as hell haven't seen or heard that anywhere!
That's because they are voices in his head. The man is a loon. A nazi loon.
Rio
Never give up! Never surrender!
Nettorfret
>Yeah where? I sure as hell haven't seen or heard that anywhere!
That's because they are voices in his head. The man is a loon. A nazi loon.
Rio<<
I gots to say, I agree.........I haven't been responding because I believe
Mark thrives on all of this !
<b><font color="#660099">~Nettie~</b>
<font color="#6666cc"><i>Become a possibilitarian. No matter how dark things
seem to be or <br>
actually are, raise your sights and see possibilities <br>
- always see them, for they're always there.<br>
TE
"Nettorfret" <netto...@aol.comflipflop> wrote in message
news:20030425213201...@mb-m18.aol.com...
> >
> >Yeah where? I sure as hell haven't seen or heard that anywhere!
>
> That's because they are voices in his head. The man is a loon. A nazi
loon.
> Rio<<
>
>
> I gots to say, I agree.........I haven't been responding because I
believe
> Mark thrives on all of this !
Yup! And it is SOoooooooo hard not to respond sometimes.
MarkK
> >It wasn't just the fox guy, soldiers and other journalists were
> >looting too.
>
> I know Mark, I can read and BTW it's only a handful of soldiers possibly
> involved, stop trying to make it sound luike it's the entire freakin Army Corp
> or something.
>
> >There are also reports of the soldiers encouraging
> >looters.
> >Mark K.
>
> Yeah where? I sure as hell haven't seen or heard that anywhere!
Exactly.
http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/apr2003/iraq-a15.shtml
Mark K.
Pudgey3
>Mark thrives on all of this !
Nettie, he not only thrives on it, I think he gets off on it! LOL!
Pudge
Whatever you are, be a good one.
.
kdo711
>>Mark thrives on all of this !
:-))) You are wise grasshopper........
Monique
<font color=#CC0000></font color>
MarkK
And here it is again from the BBC, for Patti and Slow.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3003393.stm
US TROOPS 'ENCOURAGED' LOOTERS
General Tommy Franks is threatened with a Belgian war crimes trial
alleging US troops failed to prevent looting in Iraq. BBC News Online
uncovers evidence suggesting his soldiers even egged on some looters.
Did US troops do enough to halt theft?
Studies at Nasiriya's Technical Institute are on hold. With the city
struggling to find its feet after the war, college is the last thing
on people's mind.
Perhaps it's just as well. As Saddam Hussein's army fled the southern
Iraqi city and the American forces moved in, looters stripped this
higher education college. Today it is a shell; laboratories and
lecture rooms are a charred shadow of their former selves.
Yet unlike many of the incidents of post-war pillaging, this one was
easily preventable, says the institute's acting dean, Dr Khalid
Majeed.
When the college called on the patrolling US forces to help, not only
did they refuse, some eyewitnesses allege the troops even encouraged
the looters to storm the campus.
The US has not denied the incident took place, but says protecting
colleges was not its responsibility.
Baying crowd
Dr Majeed, a community health lecturer at the college, was at the
institute on the day when hundreds of baying looters gathered outside.
There was upheaval in Nasiriya at the time. Water and electricity
supplies had stopped, the police force had scattered and thieves had
emptied many properties.
The date was Tuesday, 8 April, although Dr Majeed can only remember it
as the day before Baghdad fell.
"[The crowd] had their faces covered, carried knives and Kalashnikovs.
They were shouting, saying 'We need everything from this college',"
says Dr Majeed, standing at the spot where the crowds had massed.
Dr Khalid Majeed saw armed looters
The college had its own guard of about seven people, who were behind
the low wall on the south side of the campus. About three of them were
armed, says Dr Majeed.
He realised these guards were no match for the crowds.
"I went to an American checkpoint at the college of science and said
we needed help, people wanted to steal from our institute. They said
they couldn't help because their job was only to serve the checkpoint.
"So I walked to the bridge and asked the Americans there for help. But
they couldn't help."
Meanwhile, says Dr Majeed, a colleague had roused some Americans based
near the local fire station.
They arrived in five vehicles, but refused to ward off the looters.
Instead, the soldiers fired several dozen rounds at the college's
south wall, says Dr Majeed.
'Green light' to looters
"It was a green light to the looters. It told them 'We are not going
to do anything to stop you.'"
Within five minutes the Americans had gone, and the looters had moved
in.
An engineering lecturer at the college, Najah Rustin, was across the
road when the trouble began. He dashed to the scene, where he found
his father remonstrating with the soldiers.
US troops 'refused to protect' the college, says Ali Thowani
"Someone had told the Americans that maybe the [college] guards were
Baathists. My father speaks English and he said 'No, they are not
Baathists, they are lecturers,'" says Mr Rustin.
Mr Rustin's father backs up his son's account. "I told them the
institute must be saved from the thieves, but they said 'We are
soldiers. This isn't our work. Our work is only to fight.'"
Ali Thowani, 27, a pharmacist and former student of the institute,
also tried reasoning with the Americans in English.
"I spoke to the Americans and they refused to protect the institution.
'We're not police and that's not our job,' they said."
More worrying still are the accounts of two eyewitnesses who claim to
have seen the Americans encouraging the looters.
Troops 'waved' looters on
Rasool Abdul-Husayn , an unemployed school teacher, says he saw one
American signalling the crowd to move in, with a repeated wave of the
arm. Another eyewitness, Kareem Khattar, who works in a bread shop
across the road from the college, saw the same thing.
"I saw with my own eyes the Americans signal the people to move in and
the looters started clapping," says Mr Khattar.
Air conditioners proved popular with looters
"The Americans waved bye-bye and the looters were clapping. They
started looting quickly and when one man came out with an air
conditioner an American said to him 'Good, very good'."
Before the war, Nasiriya's technical institute had 2,500 students and
taught community health, mechanical and electrical engineering and
computing, among other subjects.
Every bit of hard work that went into building up the college, which
opened in the early 1980s, was swiftly destroyed. About 100 air
conditioning units and 100 computers were stolen. Rooms were torched;
the science laboratories wrecked; the main lecture hall looks like a
hurricane has passed through it.
A campus wrecked
In the old administrative block, ring binders lie on the floor, next
to shards of broken glass, buckled filing cabinets and broken plant
pots. Everything, even the light switches, was taken or destroyed, and
it is the same in every one of the campus buildings.
In a statement to BBC News Online, Centcom, the United States Central
Command in Doha, Qatar, refused to accept responsibility for the
event.
The institute stands empty
"The fact that the looting is happening in Nasiriya is a sad event.
However, coalition forces are not a police force. Coalition forces
have no orders to protect universities. They have orders to protect
places of interest such as hospitals, museums and banks.
"Iraqis need to protect their own cities; coalition forces will help
the Iraqi people police themselves. For example, in Al Kut - where
people are cooperating with coalition forces - they have stood up a
city police force. The coalition has even provided arms for the local
police force. Iraqis will run Iraq and they will govern themselves. "
RioSlow
Everyone knows the BCC is run by leftist. Give up Mark, you will never change
my mind and I don't give a fuck about changing yours. The only thing that
could turn me against America, Israel, or Bush is if you ever started liking
them.
Pudgey3
>could turn me against America, Israel, or Bush is if you ever started liking
>them.
Another SCORE!!
Pudge
SPRING HAS SPRUNG!!!!!
.
Imndano
>>could turn me against America, Israel, or Bush is if you ever started liking
>>them.
Isn't my fiancee a dream....<sigh>
Pudgey3
Patti, when you're right, you're evah so right!!
RioSlow
Thanks, Sweetie.
MarkK
> >Exactly.
> >http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/apr2003/iraq-a15.shtml
> >
> >Mark K.
>
> Everyone knows the BCC is run by leftist.
Duh, you just showed again how ignorant you are. The BBC is famous for
being one of the most objective broadcasters in the world. The BBC
world service is listened to by all sides in most conflicts.
Another thing that is well known is that a disproportionate part of
the media is run or even owned by pro-israel jews, particularly in the
USA.
> Give up Mark, you will never change
> my mind and I don't give a fuck about changing yours. The only thing that
> could turn me against America, Israel, or Bush is if you ever started liking
> them.
> Rio
> Never give up! Never surrender!
In every post you give me the opportunity to show your and your ilk's
ignorance of reality and ethics, and you know it, or you would tackle
the substance of my posts rather than trying to evoke the flag-waving
lynchmob mentality.
Mark K.
MarkK
> >http://www.wsws.org/articles/2003/apr2003/iraq-a15.shtml
> >
> >Mark K.
>
> Everyone knows the BCC is run by leftist.
Here is what the director general of the BBC had to say recently:
Dyke slates 'gung-ho' war reports
Dyke warned against BBC content being coloured by political influence
BBC director general Greg Dyke has warned of the risks of crossing the
line between patriotism and objective journalism.
In a speech to a journalism conference in London, Mr Dyke denounced
the "gung-ho patriotism" of one US network covering the Iraq war and
said it should not be allowed to happen in the BBC.
He said: "If Iraq proved anything, it was that the BBC cannot afford
to mix patriotism and journalism.
"This is happening in the United States and if it continues will
undermine the credibility of the US electronic news media."
He said impartiality meant giving a range of views, including those
that were critical of the government.
'National interest'
"We are here for everyone in the UK, a trusted guide in a complex
world.
"We perform this role best by exercising the freedom to air a wide
range of opinion and to report the facts as best we can. In doing so,
far from betraying the national interest, we're serving it."
Speaking at Goldsmiths College, University of London, he said the Iraq
war had presented journalists with a number of challenges.
These included more 24-hour news, the risks faced by embedded
reporters and unattributed, unreliable information on the internet.
Commercial pressures may tempt others to follow the Fox News formula
of gung-ho patriotism but for the BBC this would be a terrible mistake
Greg Dyke
He said: "We must temper the drama and competition of live, rolling
news with the considered journalism and analysis people need to make
sense of events."
The director general also rejected criticism from the government for
keeping a BBC reporting team in Baghdad, saying: "The whole culture of
BBC journalism is based on the drive for accurate and impartial
reporting.
"And we must never allow political influences to colour our reporting
or cloud our judgement.
"Commercial pressures may tempt others to follow the Fox News formula
of gung-ho patriotism but for the BBC this would be a terrible
mistake.
"If, over time, we lost the trust of our audiences, there is no point
to the BBC."
[snip]
RioSlow
>
Proves nothing.
RioSlow
>the substance of my posts rathe
You are out of touch with reality and you have the ethics of a nazi. Your post
have no substance there is nothing to tackle.
Judy
In every post you give me the opportunity to show your and your ilk's
ignorance of reality and ethics, and you know it, or you would tackle
the substance of my posts rather than trying to evoke the flag-waving
lynchmob mentality.
Mark K.
After more than fifty years, you should have a clue about how your British
Govt. aided and abetted the Arabs to foil the establisment of the State of
Israel . Left to their own devices, the Israelis defened their small enclave
that was alotted to them via the U.N. vote in 1948. Instantly were attacked by
Arabs from all sides, and won their foothold in the desert. Then they made the
land bloom with hard work and no outside help. Now the Palestinians want it
back?
Judy...
"The woods would be very silent if no birds sang
there except those that sang best." -- Henry Van Dyke
MarkK
> >ignorance of reality and ethics, and you know it, or you would tackle
You are even too chicken to even comment on what you think about
Israel,
with a population smaller than Chicago,
being made into the 4th largest nuclear power in the world,
run by a war criminal,
engaged in ethnic cleansing and a host of other crimes,
who holds the world record in disobeying UN resolutions,
and having a relatively wealthy population,
receiving the most US aid, used for military hardware.
> You are out of touch with reality
Pray tell what you think the reality is. I bet you believe it's
whatever your govt tell you. Oh, ooops, you are too chicken to even
discuss their claims (or anything at all).
Here's a nice little study list, one of many, of websites about 911
alone:
http://www.libertythink.com/911.htm
> and you have the ethics of a nazi.
That silly claim of yours is a fart in the wind, loudmouth. The US and
Israel are the bully boy NaZionists on the block.
> Your post
> have no substance there is nothing to tackle.
No use feigning reading miscomprehension and snipping my posts, start
with the above points on Israel or 911.
Mark K.
> Rio
> Never give up! Never surrender!
Sure you will, to the truth.
Stolynn
>After more than fifty years, you should have a clue about how your British
>Govt. aided and abetted the Arabs
Go Judy! Go Judy! Go Judy!
<b><font color="#FF0000">Lynn
U. <b><font color="#000080">S. <b><font color="#FF0000">A.
MarkK
> In every post you give me the opportunity to show your and your ilk's
> ignorance of reality and ethics, and you know it, or you would tackle
> the substance of my posts rather than trying to evoke the flag-waving
> lynchmob mentality.
> Mark K.
>
> After more than fifty years, you should have a clue about how your British
> Govt. aided and abetted the Arabs to foil the establisment of the State of
> Israel . Left to their own devices, the Israelis defened their small enclave
> that was alotted to them via the U.N. vote in 1948. Instantly were attacked by
> Arabs from all sides, and won their foothold in the desert.
Looking at the Palestinian timeline, it seems the brits aided the
jewish/zionist invasion of Palestine quite substantially, (it actually
started around 1878ish, mainly from russia). (The timeline of
Palestine is quite long, sorry, but it deserves posting whole.)
Mark K.
B.C.
600,000-10,000 B.C.
Paleolithic and Mesolithic period. Earliest human remains in the area,
found south of Lake Tiberias, date to ca. 600,000 B.C.
10,000-5,000 B.C.
Neolithic period. Establishment of settled agricultural communities.
5,000-3,000 B.C.
Chalcolithic period. Copper and stone tools and artifacts. Remains
from this period found near Jericho, Beersheba, and the Dead Sea.
3,000-2,000 B.C.
Early Bronze Age. Arrival and settlement of Canaanites (3,000-2,500
B.C.).
ca. 1,250 B.C.
Israelite conquest of Canaan.
965-928 B.C.
King Solomon. Construction of the temple in Jerusalem.
928 B.C.
Division of Israelite state into the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
721 B.C.
Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel.
586 B.C.
Judah defeated by Babylonians under Nebuchadnezzar. Deportation of its
population to Babylon; destruction of the temple.
539 B.C.
Persians conquer Babylonia. Some Jews allowed to return. Construction
of a new temple.
333 B.C.
Conquest of Persia by Alexander the Great brings Palestine under Greek
rule.
323 B.C.
Death of Alexander leads to alternate rule by Ptolemies of Egypt and
Seleucids of Syria.
165 B.C.
Maccabees revolt against the Seleucid ruler Antiochus Epiphanes and go
on to establish independent Jewish state.
63 B.C.
Incorporation of Palestine into the Roman Empire.
Back To Top
70 - 1899
A.D.
70
Destruction of the Second Temple by Roman Emperor Titus.
132-135
Bar Kokhba revolt suppressed. Jews barred from Jerusalem and Emperor
Hadrian builds new pagan city of Aelia Capitolina on its ruins.
330-640
Palestine under Byzantine rule: Jerusalem and Palestine increasingly
Christianized.
638
Arabs under the Caliph 'Umar capture Palestine from Byzantines.
661-750
Umayyad caliphs rule Palestine from Damascus. Dynasty descended from
Umayya of Meccan tribe of Quraysh. Construction of Dome of the Rock in
Jerusalem by Caliph 'Abd al-Malik (685-705). Construction of al-Aqsa
mosque in Jerusalem by Caliph al-Walid I (705-715).
750-1258
'Abbasid caliphs rule Palestine from Iraq. Dynasty, founded by Abu
al-' Abbas al-Saffah, who is descended from' Abbas, uncle of the
Prophet.
969
Fatimid dynasty, claiming descent from the Prophet's daughter Fatima
and her cousin 'Ali, rule Palestine from Egypt. They proclaim
themselves caliphs in rivalry to the' Abbasids.
1071
Saljuqs, originally from Isfahan, capture Jerusalem and parts of
Palestine, which remains officially within the 'Abbasid Empire.
1099-1187
Crusaders establish the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1187
Kurdish general Saladin (Salah al-Din who was born in Takrit northern
Iraq, the birth place of Saddam Hussein too), son of Ayyub, the sultan
of Mosul, defeats Crusaders at Hittin in northern Palestine and
recaptures Jerusalem. The Ayyubid dynasty rules Palestine from Cairo.
1260
Mamluks succeed Ayyubids, ruling Palestine from Cairo; defeat Mongols
at Battle of 'Ayn Jalut near Nazareth.
1291
Mamluks capture final Crusader strongholds of Acre and Caesarea.
1516-1917
Palestine incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with its capital in
Istanbul.
1832-1840
Muhammad 'Ali Pasha of Egypt occupies Palestine. Ottomans subsequently
reassert their rule.
1876-1877
Palestinian deputies from Jerusalem attend the first Ottoman
Parliament in Istanbul, elected under a new Ottoman Constitution.
1878
First modern Zionist agricultural settlement of Petach Tiqwa
established (click here to learn more about Zionist and its impact on
the Palestinian people).
1882-1903
First wave of 25,000 Zionist immigrants enters Palestine, coming
mainly from eastern Europe.
1882
Baron Edmond de Rothschild of Paris starts financial backing for
Jewish settlement in Palestine.
1887-1888
Palestine divided by Ottomans into the districts (sanjaks) of
Jerusalem, Nablus, and Acre. The first was attached directly to
Istanbul, the others to the wilayet of Beirut.
1896
Theodor Herzl, an Austro-Hungarian Jewish journalist and writer,
publishes Der Judenstaat, advocating establishment of a Jewish state
in Palestine or elsewhere.
1896
Jewish Colonization Association, founded in 1891 in London by German
Baron Maurice de Hirsch, starts aiding Zionist settlements in
Palestine.
1897
First Zionist Congress in Switzerland issues the Basle Program calling
for the establishment of a "home for the Jewish people in Palestine."
It also establishes the World Zionist Organization (WZO) to work to
that end.
Back To Top
1900 - 1918
1901
Jewish National Fund (JNF) set up by fifth Zionist Congress in Basle
to acquire land for WZO; land acquired by JNF to be inalienably
Jewish, and exclusively Jewish labor to be employed on it, click here
to read to Zionist apartheid & racist quotes.
1904-1914
Second wave of about 40,000 Zionist immigrants increases Jewish
population in Palestine to about 6% of total. Since the inception of
Zionism in claimed that Palestinian was an empty country, click here
to read our rebuttal to this argument.
1909
Establishment of the first kibbutz, based exclusively on Jewish labor.
Tel Aviv founded north of Jaffa.
1914
World War I starts.
1916
30 January
Husayn-McMahon correspondence between Sharif Husayn of Mecca (leader
of the Arab Revolt against the Ottomans) and Sir Henry McMahon
(British High Commissioner of Egypt) ends in agreement for postwar
independence and unity of Arab provinces of Ottoman Empire.
16 May
Sykes-Picot Agreement secretly signed, dividing Arab provinces of
Ottoman Empire between Britain and France. Agreement revealed by
Bolsheviks in December 1917.
June
Sharif Husayn proclaims Arab independence from Ottomans. Arab Revolt
against Istanbul begins.
1917
2 November
Balfour Declaration. British Secretary of State Balfour pledges
British support for "a Jewish national home in Palestine."
1918
September
Palestine occupied by Allied forces under British General Allenby.
30 October
World War I ends.
Back To Top
1919 - 1922
1919-1923
Third wave of over 35,000 Zionist immigrants increases Jewish
population in Palestine to 12% of total. Registered Jewish
landownership (1923) totals 3% of area of country.
1919
27 January-10 February
First Palestinian National Congress in Jerusalem sends memoranda to
Paris Peace Conference rejecting Balfour Declaration and demanding
independence.
28 August
Paris Peace Conference sends Commission of Inquiry to Near East, led
by U.S. commission members Henry C. King and Charles Crane. England
and France decline to participate. Commission recommends "serious
modification" of idea of "making Palestine distinctly a Jewish
Commonwealth."
1920
April
Disturbances in Palestine; 5 Jews killed, 200 wounded. British appoint
Palin Commission of Inquiry .Commission report attributes troubles to
none fulfillment of promises of Arab independence and fear of
political and economic consequences of Zionism.
25 April
Palestine Mandate assigned to Britain by Supreme Council of San Remo
Peace Conference.
May
British prevent Second Palestinian National Congress from convening.
1 July
High Commissioner, Sir Herbert Samuel, an Anglo-Jewish politician,
inaugurates British civilian administration.
December
Third Palestinian National Congress, meeting in Haifa, elects
Executive Committee, which remains in control of Palestinian political
movement from 1920 to 1935.
1921
March
Founding of the Haganah, the Zionists' illegal underground military
organization.
1 May
Disturbances in Jaffa protesting large-scale Zionist immigration; 46
Jews killed, 146 wounded. British Haycraft Commission of Inquiry
(October) attributes disturbances to fears of Zionist mass
immigration.
8 May
Haj Amin al-Husayni appointed Multi of Jerusalem.
May-June
Fourth Palestinian National Congress, convening in Jerusalem, decides
to send a Palestinian delegation to London to explain the Palestinian
case against Balfour Declaration.
1922
3 June
British colonial secretary Winston Churchill issues White Paper
excluding Transjordan from scope of Balfour Declaration. Ignoring
political criteria, White Paper authorizes Jewish immigration
according to "economic absorptive capacity" of the country.
24 July
League of Nations Council approves Mandate for Palestine.
August
Fifth Palestinian National Congress, meeting in Nablus, agrees to
economic boycott of Zionists (see 1901 entry on JNF).
October
First British census of Palestine shows population of 757,182 -78%
Muslim Arab, 11% Jewish, 9.6% Christian Arab. It is often claimed that
Palestine was empty until Zionists Jews made Palestinian desert bloom,
click here to read our response this argument.
Back To Top
1923 - 1931
1923
29 September
British Mandate for Palestine comes officially into force.
1924-1928
Fourth wave of 67,000 Zionist immigrants, over 50% from Poland,
increases Jewish population of Palestine to 16% of total. Registered
Jewish landownership (1928) totals 4.2% of area of country. Click here
to view a map illustrating a breakdown of Palestinian-Zionist
landownership per district as of 1945.
1925
Revisionist Party, founded in Paris by Polish Zionist Vladimir
Jabotinsky, demands establishment of Jewish state in Palestine and
Transjordan and stresses military aspects of Zionism.
October
Sixth Palestinian National Congress convenes in Jaffa.
1928
June
Seventh Palestinian National Congress convenes in Jerusalem.
1929-1939
Fifth wave of over 250,000 Zionist immigrants increases Jewish
population in Palestine to 30% of total. Registered Jewish
landownership (1939) totals 5.7% of area of country.
1929
August
Riots arise out of dispute between Jews and Palestinians over claims
to Wailing (Western) Wall in Jerusalem, a site holy to Muslims and
Jews. In resulting clashes 133 Jews killed and 339 wounded, 116
Palestinians killed and 232 wounded, the latter mainly by British
military .
October
General Palestinian conference meets in Jerusalem to formulate
position on Wailing Wall controversy.
1930
14 January
League of Nations appoints international commission to investigate
legal status of Arabs and Jews at Wailing Wall.
March
British Shaw Palestinian Commission of Inquiry attributes 1929
disturbances to Palestinian fears of Jewish immigration "not only as a
menace to their livelihood but as a possible overlord of the future."
October
British Hope-Simpson report on land settlement, immigration, and
development in Palestine concludes that there is not sufficient
agricultural land for substantially increased numbers of Jewish
settlers.
British Colonial Secretary , Lord Passfield, issues White Paper which
takes note of views of Hope-Simpson and Shaw commissions of inquiry.
1931
Irgun Zvai Leumi (National Military Organization), Irgun or IZL for
short, founded by Revisionist groups and dissidents from Haganah,
advocates a more militant policy against Palestinians. Valdimir
Jabotinsky is commander-in-chief.
14 February
British prime minister Ram say MacDonald in a letter to Zionist leader
Chaim Weizmann virtually retracts Passfield White Paper.
18 November
Second British census of Palestine shows population of 1,035,154-73%
Muslim Arab, 16.9% Jewish, 8.6% Christian Arab.
December
Lewis French, British director of development for Palestine, publishes
report on "landless Arabs," caused by Zionist colonization.
Back To Top
1932 - 1938
1933
14 July
British Secretary of State issues statement on resettlement of
Palestinian farmers displaced from land acquired by Zionists.
1935
October
Revisionists quit World Zionist Organization (WZO) to form New Zionist
Organization with aim of "liberating" Palestine and Transjordan.
November
Shaykh 'Izz al-Din al-Qassam, Muslim cleric from Haifa, leader of
first Palestinian guerrilla group fighting British policy in
Palestine, killed in action against British security forces.
1936
25 April
Leaders of Palestinian political parties form Higher Arab Committee
under Chairman Haj Amin al-Husseini.
8 May
Conference of Palestinian National Committees in Jerusalem calls for
no taxation without representation. Great Rebellion begins.
25 August
Lebanese guerrilla leader Fawzi al-Qawuqji enters Palestine leading
150 volunteers from Arab countries to help fight British.
11 November
Royal Commission headed by Lord Peel arrives in Palestine.
1937
18 January
Royal Commission leaves Palestine.
April
IZL/Irgun, linked to Revisionist movement under Ze'ev Jabotinsky,
reorganizes and advocates armed attacks on Palestinians.
7 July
Royal (Peel) Commission report recommends partitioning Palestine into
Jewish state comprising 33% of country including Haifa, Galilee, and
coastal plain north of Isdud; Arab state in rest of country (to become
part of Transjordan); and British mandatory enclaves including
Jerusalem. Part of Palestinian population to be forcibly transferred,
if necessary, from Jewish state, click here to learn how deeply the
concept of "transfer" (Ethnic Cleansing) in the Zionist theology
23 July
Arab Higher Committee rejects Royal Commission proposal and demands
independent unitary Palestine with protection of "legitimate Jewish
and other minority rights" and the safeguarding of British interests.
Rebellion intensifies.
September
Arab National Congress at Bludan, Syria, attended by 450 delegates
from Arab countries, rejects partition proposal, demands end to
Mandate, a stop to Zionist immigration, and prohibition of transfer of
Palestinian lands to Zionist ownership.
1 October
British dissolve Arab Higher Committee and all Palestinian political
organizations. Five Palestinian leaders deported. Haj Amin al-Husayni
escapes to Lebanon.
11 November
British establish military courts to counter Palestinian rebellion.
1938
April-August
IZL/Irgun bombings kill 119 Palestinians. Palestinian bombs and mines
kill 8 Jews.
June
British officer Orde Wingate organizes Special Night Squads of British
and Haganah personnel for operations against Palestinian villages.
18 October
British military commanders take over administration from district
commissioners to help suppress rebellion. Reinforcements brought from
England.
19 October
British recapture Old City of Jerusalem from Palestinian rebels.
9 November
Report of British Woodhead technical commission of inquiry
(January-April 1938) declares impracticability of Royal Commission's
partition proposal. British call for general conference on Palestine
in London attended by Arabs, Palestinians, and Zionists.
Back To Top
1939 - 1946
1939
7 February
London Conference starts.
27 March
London Conference ends without agreement.
22-23 May
British House of Commons votes 268 to 179 in favor of White Paper
issued by Colonial Secretary of State Malcolm MacDonald. White Paper
calls for conditional independence for unitary Palestinian state after
ten years; admission of 15,000 Jewish immigrants annually into
Palestine for five years, with immigration after that subject to "Arab
acquiescence" ; protection of Palestinian land rights against Zionist
acquisition. British official estimates of Palestinians killed or
executed by British military and police during Arab Rebellion is over
2,000 for 1936 and 1938 alone. Total for all years is estimated at
3,500-4,000. About 500 Jews killed in same period.
1 September
World War 11 begins.
October
Stern Gang or Lochemay Herut Yisra'el (LEHI; "Fighters for the Freedom
of Israel") formed by dissident IZL members led by Avraham Stern.
1940-1945
Arrival of over 60,000 Zionist immigrants, including 20-25,000 who
have entered the country illegally (April 1939-December 1945),
increases Jewish population in Palestine to 31% of total. Registered
Jewish landownership rises to 6.0% of area of country.
1940
28 February
Land Transfers Regulations, suggested by 1939 White Paper to protect
Palestinian land rights against Zionist acquisition, enter into force.
1942
February
Avraham Stern killed by British police. It should be noted that the
Stern gang received extensive financial and military support from the
Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to terrorize the British Mandate in
Palestine. Click here to learn more about the subject.
May
Biltmore Conference in New York attended by Zionist leaders from U.S.
and Palestine, urges that "Palestine be established as a Jewish
commonwealth."
1943
November
Five-year limit on Jewish immigration (expiring April 1944) extended
so all 75,000 visas permitted in 1939 White Paper can be filled.
1944
January
Stern Gang and IZL join to conduct terror campaign against British.
6 November
Stern Gang murders Lord Moyne, British resident minister of state, in
Cairo.
1945
8 May
End of World War n in Europe.
September
Large-scale illegal Jewish immigration into Palestine resumes under
Haganah control.
13 November
British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin issues White Paper announcing
continued Jewish immigration into Palestine after exhaustion of 1939
White Paper quota.
1946
6 March
Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry , proposed in 1945 White Paper,
arrives in Palestine.
May
Anglo-American Committee report estimates size of Jewish armed forces
at around 61-69,000 people (Haganah: 58-64,000; IZL: 3-5,000; Stern:
2-300) and declares "private armies" illegal. Recommends admission of
100,000 Jews into Palestine and abolition of Land Transfers
Regulations. Palestinians strike in protest.
11-12 June
Arab League meeting in Bludan, Syria, adopts secret resolutions
warning Britain and U .S. that disregard for Palestinian rights will
damage their oil and commercial interests in Arab world.
July
British White Paper on terrorism in Palestine accuses Haganah of
cooperating with IZL and Stern Gang in acts of sabotage and violence.
22 July
Ninety-one British, Palestinian, and Jewish civil servants and
visitors killed when IZL blows up wing of King David Hotel in
Jerusalem housing British government secretariat.
31 July
Anglo-American Conference in London produces Morrison-Grady Plan
proposing federal scheme to solve Palestine problem. Zionist and
Palestinian leaders reject the plan.
Back To Top
1947
26 January
London Round Table conference reopens.
7-10 February
British foreign secretary Ernest Bevin proposes variant of
Morrison-Grady Plan to London Conference and Jewish Agency. Arab
delegates in London and Jewish Agency reject proposal.
18 February
Bevin announces submission of Palestine problem to United
Nations.
28 April-15 May
UN General Assembly special session on Palestine problem leads to
appointment of eleven-member Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP).
8 September
Publication of UNSCOP report. Majority of members recommends
partition, minority recommends federal solution.
16-19 September
Arab League denounces UNSCOP partition recommendation, and appoints
Technical Military Committee to supervise Palestinian defense needs.
26 September
Arthur Creech Jones, British colonial secretary, announces Britain's
decision to end Palestine Mandate.
29 September
Arab Higher Committee rejects partition.
2 October
Jewish Agency accepts partition.
7-15 October
Arab League meets at Aley, Lebanon. Iraqi General Isma'il Safwat,
chairman of Technical Committee, warns of dangers posed by Zionism at
end of Mandate and urges Arab states to mobilize their utmost force
and efforts to counter Zionist intentions." One million pounds
sterling allocated to Technical Military Committee.
29 October
Britain says it will leave Palestine in six months if no settle-
ment reached.
27 November
Report by Safwat warns of virtual impossibility of overcoming Zionist
forces with irregulars; urges prompt Arab action in organizing
military force; advocates training Palestinians to defend themselves.
29 November
UN General Assembly recommends variant of UNSCOP partition plan
allocating 56.5% of Palestine to Jewish state and 43% to Arab state
with international enclave around Jerusalem; 33 votes for, 13 against,
10 abstentions. Arab representatives walk out (Click here to read more
why Arabs rejected the U.N. partition plan).
30 November
Haganah calls up Jews in Palestine aged 17-25 to register for military
service.
December
Arab League organizes Arab Liberation Army (ALA), a voluntary force of
Arab irregulars under guerrilla leader Fawzi al-Qawuqji to help
Palestinians resist partition.
2 December
Palestinians start three-day strike protesting UN Partition
Resolution. Intercommunal clashes leave 8 Jews and 6 Palestinians
dead.
8 December
Britain recommends to UN that Palestine Mandate be terminated on 15
May 1948 and independent Jewish and Palestinian states be established
two weeks later.
8-17 December
Arab League Political Committee meeting in Cairo declares partition
illegal and resolves to provide 10,000 rifles, 3,000 volunteers
(including 500 Palestinians) and a further 1,000,000 pounds sterling
to Technical Military Committee.
15 December
British announce intention to hand over policing in Tel Aviv-Petach
Tiqwa area to Jews and in Jaffa to Palestinians.
17 December
Jewish Agency Executive reports that American Jews will be asked for
$250 million to help Jewish community in Palestine.
21 December-late March 1948
Haganah and IZL attack villages and Bedouin settlements of coastal
plain north of Tel Aviv in first coastal "clearing" operation.
31 December
Haganah and IZL paramilitary gangs perpetrated Balad al-Shaykh (Haifa)
massacre, where more than 60 civilians were murdered.
December 1947-January 1948
Arab Higher Committee organizes 275 local committees for defense of
Palestinian towns and villages.
Back To Top
1948
January
Palestinian guerrilla leader 'Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni secretly returns
to Palestine after ten-year exile to organize resistance to partition.
8 January
First contingent of 330 ALA volunteers arrives in Palestine.
10 January
ALA assault on Jewish settlement of Kefar Szold repulsed with help of
British.
14 January
Haganah concludes arms deal with Czechoslovakia for $12,280,000 worth
of arms including 24,500 rifles, 5,000 light machine guns, 200 medium
machine guns, 54 million rounds of ammunition, 25 Meserschmitts. By
end of Mandate at least 10,740 rifles, 1,200 machine guns, 26 field
guns, and 11 million rounds of ammunition arrive in Palestine. Rest of
arms arrive by end of May.
16 January
British report to UN estimates 1,974 people killed or injured in
Palestine from 30 November 1947-10 January 1948.
20 January
British administration announces that predominantly Jewish or
Palestinian areas will be gradually handed over to local majority
group in every area concerned.
21 and 28 January
Second and third contingents of 360 and 400 ALA irregulars arrive in
Palestine.
January-March
JNF leaders encourage evictions from villages of Haifa area Haganah
attacks villages near Lake al-Hula. Palmach attacks Negev Bedouin.
16 February
ALA mounts unsuccessful attack on Jewish settlement of Tirat Zvi north
of Baysan.
18 February
Haganah calls up men and women aged 25-35 for military service.
24 February
U.S. delegate to UN says Security Council role should be to keep peace
in Palestine, not enforce partition. Syrian delegate suggests
appointing committee to explore possible Jewish Agency-Arab Higher
Committee agreement.
March
Transjordanian prime minister Tawfiq Abu al-Huda secretly meets
British foreign secretary Bevin. They agree that Transjordanian forces
will enter Palestine at end of Mandate but will restrict themselves to
area of Arab state outlined in partition Plan. (Click here to read our
response to the Zionist claim that seven Arab armies attempt to
annihilate the newly emerging "Jewish State")
5-7 March
Qawuqji enters Palestine and assumes command of ALA units in
Jinin-Nablus-Tulkarm triangle within area allotted to Arab state.
6 March
Haganah declares general mobilization.
10 March
British House of Commons votes to end Mandate on 15 May. Plan Dalet
finalized by Haganah. Plan provides for military conquest of area
allotted by UN Partition Plan to Jewish state and of substantial
Palestinian territories beyond this state's boundaries. Plan contains
a series of interlocking operations.
18 March
President Truman secretly receives Chaim Weizman and pledges support
for declaration of Jewish state on May 15.
19-20 March
U.S. delegate asks UN Security Council to suspend action on partition
plan and to convene General Assembly special session to work on a
trusteeship plan. Arabs accept limited trusteeship and truce if Jews
also accept. Jewish Agency rejects trusteeship.
25 March
President Truman calls for immediate truce and says U.S. will share
responsibility for temporary trusteeship.
30 March-15 May
Second coastal "clearing" operation carried out by Haganah Alexandroni
brigade and other units. Attacks and expulsions drive out almost all
Palestinian communities from coastal area from Haifa to Jaffa prior to
British withdrawal.
1 April
Delivery of first consignment of Czech arms deal: Ship "Nora" arrives
in Haifa from Yugoslavia with 4,500 rifles, 200 light machine guns, 5
million rounds of ammunition. Two hundred rifles, 400 machine guns and
further ammunition ferried in by airplane. UN Security Council
resolutions call for special session of General Assembly and agree to
U.S. proposal for truce to be arranged through Jewish Agency and Arab
Higher Committee.
4 April
Haganah launches Plan Dalet.
4-15 April
Battle of Mishmar ha-'Emeq: ALA repulsed by Haganah from Jewish
settlement of Mishmar ha-'Emeq. Haganah, Carmeli, Alexandroni, and
Palmach units occupy villages in Marj ibn 'Amir.
6-15 April
Operation Nachshon: In first operation of Plan Dalet Haganah Giv'ati
Brigade and other units capture villages along Tel Aviv-Jerusalem road
from local Palestinian militia.
8 April
'Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, charismatic Palestinian militia commander,
Jerusalem district, is killed leading counterattack to recover
al-Qastal village.
9 April
IZL and Stern Gangs massacre some 250 inhabitants in village of Dayr
Yasin near Jerusalem.
12 April
General Zionist Council decides to establish independent state in
Palestine on 16 May.
13-20 April
Operation Har'el under Plan Dalet launched at conclusion of Operation
Nachshon. Villages along Jerusalem road attacked and demolished. All
subsequent Haganah operations until 15 May 1948 undertaken within
framework of Plan Dalet.
15 April-25 May
Operation Yiftach: Palmach captures Safad from ALA and local militia
(9-10 May). Attacks and psychological warfare used to empty villages
of eastern Galilee and Galilee panhandle. Operation Matate (Broom)
drives out Bedouin and villagers from area south of Rosh Pinna to
Jordan River.
16-17 April
Haganah Golani brigade and Palmach units capture Tiberias as it is
evacuated by British. Palestinian inhabitants flee.
17 April
Security Council resolution calls for military and political
truce.
20 April
U.S. submits Palestine trusteeship plan to UN.
21 April
Operation Misparayim (meaning scissor): British forces suddenly
withdraw from Haifa precipitating all-out Haganah dawn offensive
against city's Palestinian population. Offensive accompanied by heavy
mortar shelling of Palestinian residential quarters.
22 April
Resistance of local Palestinian militia in Haifa collapses. Haifa's
Palestinian population flees under combined Haganah shelling and
ground offensives.
25 April
IZL starts massive mortar shelling of Jaffa's residential quarters;
simultaneously launches ground offensive to cut off northern Manshiyeh
quarter from rest of city.
26-30 April
Haganah Har'el and Etzioni brigades launch Operation Yevussi in and
around Jerusalem; attack East Jerusalem residential quarter of Shaykh
Jarrah but are forced to hand it over to British; capture West
Jerusalem residential district of Qatamon from Palestinian irregulars.
Flight of Palestinian inhabitants.
27 April-5 May
Operation Chametz: Haganah launches major ground offensive against
eastern Jaffa suburbs and neighboring villages to cut off city from
its hinterland. Some 50,000 civilians flee under combined IZL and
Haganah attacks.
30 April
All Palestinian quarters in West Jerusalem occupied by Haganah and
residents driven out.
1 May
The Zionists forces occupied and massacred more than 70 civilians from
'Ayn al-Zaytun (Safad).
3 May
175-200,000 Palestinian refugees reported to have fled from areas
taken by Zionists.
8-16 May
Haganah Har'el and Giv'ati brigades undertake Operation Makkabi.
Capture villages on al-Ramla-Latrun road.
9 May-1 June
Operation Barak: Strikes by Haganah Giv'ati and Negev brigades south
and West of al-Ramla.
10-15 May
Golani brigade occupies Baysan, attacks villages of Baysan Valley
south of Lake Tiberias.
12-14 May
Arrival of second and third Czech arms consignments for Haganah: 5,000
rifles, 1,200 machine guns, 6 million rounds of ammunition.
13 May
Arab Legion, ALA, and local militia attack and capture Jewish
settlements of Etzion bloc, retaliating for attacks on Hebron road.
Jaffa formally surrenders to Haganah.
13-21 May
Operation Ben-Ami: Carmeli brigade occupies Acre and coastal area
north of city .
14 May
Haganah launches Operation Qilshon (Pitchfork), occupying strategic
areas in Jerusalem evacuated by British and taking Palestinian
residential quarters outside Old City from Arab irregulars.
Haganah launches Operation Schfifon to take Old City of Jerusalem.
State of Israel proclaimed in Tel Aviv at 4:00 P.M.
President Truman recognizes state of Israel.
15 May
British Mandate ends. Declaration of State of Israel comes into
effect.
15-17 May
Lebanese regulars cross border and temporarily retake villages of
Malikiyya and Qadas from Haganah, but are forced out of fortress of
Nabi Yusha'.
15-28 May
Transjordanian Arab Legion troops cross River Jordan and move towards
Jerusalem capturing Jewish settlements of Atarot and Newe Ya'aqov
north of city (17 May). In Jerusalem, Legion retakes Shaykh Jarrah
quarter (16 May), fails to capture stronghold in Notre Dame monastery
(17-25 May), and takes control of Jewish Quarter of Old City (28 May).
On the 23th of May 1948, al-Tantura was perpetrated against 250
civilians and POWs.
15 May-4 June
Iraqi units cross Jordan River, are repulsed from Crusader fortress of
Belvoir , and besiege settlement of Gesher for a week. Iraqi regulars
move into Nablus-Jinin- Tulkarm triangle 24 May). Haganah advances on
Jinin, evicting villagers (28-31 May); it attacks and briefly occupies
Jinin before being repulsed (3-4 June).
15 May-7 June
Egyptian regular troops cross border, move up coast to Isdud and
capture Jewish settlements of Yad Mordechai (24 May) and Nitzanim (7
June) in Negev. Another column of Egyptian irregulars moves to
Bethlehem linking up with Arab Legion. In battle with IDF (21-25 May),
Jewish settlement of Ramat Rachel south of Jerusalem changes hands
several times and is finally retained by Jews.
16 May-10 June
Syrian columns advance over border and temporarily capture Jewish
settlement of Zeniach (18-20 May), are repulsed from twin settlements
of Degania (20 May), and capture settlement of Mishmar ha-Yarden (10
June). Syrians, Lebanese, and ALA recapture Malikiyya (6 June).
16-30 May
IDF Operation Ben-Nun: Israeli Sheva' and other brigades fail to
capture al-Latrun from Arab Legion in attempt to open Jaffa-Jerusalem
road, but occupy villages in vicinity.
20 May
UN Security Council appoints Count Folke Bernadotte as its mediator in
Palestine.
22 May
UN Security Council resolution calls for ceasefire.
9-10 June
IDF Operation Yoram, launched against Arab legion by Har'el and
Yiftach brigades, fails to capture al-Latrun.
11 June-8 July
First Truce.
28-29 June
Count Bernadotte suggests economic, military, and political union of
Transjordan and Palestine containing Arab and Jewish states: Negev and
central Palestine to go to Arabs; Western Galilee to Jews; Jerusalem
to be part of Arab state with administrative autonomy for Jews; Haifa
and Jaffa to be free ports and Lydda free airport. Rejected by both
sides.
7 July
Security Council calls for prolongation of truce.
7-18 July
IDF Operation Dani: Capture of Lydda and al-Ramla from local militia.
Population of both cities expelled. Three or four IDF brigades occupy
villages along Jerusalem-Jaffa road and cluster of villages east of
Jaffa. Yiftach brigade's assault on Arab Legion in al-Latrun (17 July)
ends with Second Truce.
8-14 July
IDF Operation Dekel: Carmeli and Sheva' brigades push east and south
from Acre, capture Nazareth from ALA under Qawuqji and occupy Lower
Galilee.
8-11 July
IDF Operation An-Far: Giv'ati brigade, moving against Egyptians,
empties villages south of al-Ramla in an arc between Hebron hills and
coast.
9-18 July
IDF Carmeli Brigade fails to recapture the Zionist settlement of
Mishmar ha-Yarden, south of Lake Tiberias, that had been occupied by
Syrian troops.
15 July
UN Security Council resolution calls on governments and authorities
concerned to issue indefinite ceasefire orders to their forces in
Palestine to take effect within three weeks.
17 July
IDF Operation Qedem against Old City of Jerusalem is repulsed.
18 July-15 October
Second Truce.
24-26 July
IDF Operation Shoter: Carmeli, Alexandroni, and Golani brigades attack
and capture three villages of Little Triangle south of Haifa.
16 August-end of September early October
Negev and Yiftach brigades attack and expel Bedouins and inhabitants
of villages in Negev.
24-28 August
IDF Operation Nikayon (Cleansing): Giv'ati Brigade occupies coastal
area west of Yibna and north of Isdud.
16 September
Report by UN mediator Count Bernadotte proposes new partition of
Palestine: Arab state to be annexed to Transjordan and to include
Negev, al-Ramla and Lydda; Jewish state in all of Galilee;
internationalization of Jerusalem; return or compensation of refugees.
Rejected by Arab League and Israel.
17 September
UN mediator Count Bernadotte murdered in Jerusalem by Stern Gang.
Replaced by his American deputy Ralph Bunche.
15 October-9 November
IDF Operations Yo'av and ha-Har: Negev, Giv'ati, and Yiftach units
move against Egyptians to capture Beersheba, Isdud, Majdal, and
coastal strip as far as Yad Mordechai, and villages of Hebron Hills.
Har'el brigade captures southern Jerusalem corridor.
29-31 October
IDF Operation Hiram: Upper Galilee pocket, held by Qawuqji's forces,
occupied and emptied by Giv'ati, Oded, and Sheva' brigade troops. Tens
of thousands flee. Israeli forces move into southern Lebanon as far as
Litani River.
On the 29th of October 1948, the IDF committed the famous Safsaf
(Safad)massacre where more than 60 civilians were mudured.
November
IDF Har'el Brigade expels several communities in Jerusalem corridor
along border with Transjordanian forces. 4 November UN Security
Council resolution calls for withdrawal of forces to positions
occupied prior to 14 October and establishment of permanent truce
lines.
Second week November-mid 1949
IDF expels inhabitants from villages 5-15 km inside Lebanese border,
followed by expulsions from other Galilee villages.
22 December-6 January 1949
Operation Horev launched to drive Egyptians out of southern coastal
strip and Negev. Asluj and al-'Awja captured. Israeli troops move into
Sinai until British pressure forces withdrawal. Golani and Har'el
brigades attack on Rafah ended by ceasefire (7 January).
27 December
IDF Alexandroni brigade's attack on isolated Egyptian forces in Faluja
pocket is repulsed.
Back To Top
1949
24 February
Israeli-Egyptian Armistice: Egypt keeps coastal strip Gaza Rafah and
evacuates Faluja pocket; Asluj-al-'Awja area demilitarized.
End of February
IDF units intimidate 2-3,000 villagers into leaving Faluja pocket in
violation of Israeli-Egyptian Armistice Agreement.
March
IDF Negev and Golani brigades complete occupation of Negev as far as
Umm Rashrash/Eilat.
23 March
Israeli-Lebanese Armistice: Frontier of Mandate Palestine accepted;
Israel withdraws from most of Lebanese territory.
3 April
Israeli-Jordanian Armistice: Jordan takes over Iraqi-held
Nablus-Jinin- Tulkarm triangle but is forced to cede area around Wadi
'Ara; Israel controls Chadera-'Afula road; existing status quo in
Jerusalem accepted by IDF and Arab Legion.
20 July
Syrian-Israeli Armistice: demilitarized zones established around 'En
Gev and Dardara (including Mishmar ha-Yarden).
MarkK
"While we are talking about history (see other post) here is an
excerpt of Winston Churchill's article on the jews and their
Bolshevik domination of Russia for a while:
(full article here: http://www.patriot.dk/churchill.html )
There is no need to exaggerate the part played in the creation of
Bolshevism and an the actual bringing about of the Russian Revolution:
by these international and for the most part atheistic Jews. It is
certainly a very great one; it probably outweighs all others. With the
notable exception of Lenin, the majority of the leading figures are
Jews. Moreover, the principal inspiration and driving power comes from
the Jewish leaders. Thus Tchitcherin, a pure Russian, is eclipsed by
his nominal subordinate Litvinoff, and the influence of Russians like
Bukharin or Lunacharski cannot be compared with the power of Trotsky,
or of Zinovieff, the Dictator of the Red Citadel (Petrograd), or of
Krassin or Radek -- all Jews. In the Soviet institutions the
predominance of Jews is even more astonishing. And the prominent, if
not indeed the principal, part in the system of terrorism applied by
the Extraordinary Commissions for Combating Counter-Revolution has
been taken by Jews, and in some notable cases by Jewesses.
The same evil prominence was obtained by Jews in the brief period of
terror during which Bela Kun ruled in Hungary. The same phenomenon has
been presented in Germany (especially in Bavaria), so far as this
madness has been allowed to prey upon the temporary prostration of the
German people. Although in all these countries there are many non-Jews
every whit as bad as the worst of the Jewish revolutionaries, the part
played by the latter in proportion to their numbers in the population
is astonishing."
Kind of reminds of the USA.....
Before you call me an anti-semite again, my beef is only with those
who ruthlessly exploit their influence and use america to prop up
their supremacist agenda around the world and in Israel. Also please
do read Winston Churchill's article in the whole:
http://www.patriot.dk/churchill.html
Mark K.
Stolynn
Judy
excerpt of Winston Churchill's article on the jews and their
Bolshevik domination of Russia for a while:
Mark, what does this have to do with the response I made? I am sure I could
find a quote to negate every thing you say, but you were specifically asking us
big fat American ladies to respond to you. I took up your thrown gauntlett and
the best you can do is find another old quote?
I bat I could prove tht the earth is flat, and send many sources to prove it.
Does that make the Flat Earth Society relevant, or credible?
MarkK
> >Here is what the director general of the BBC had to say recently:
> >
>
> Proves nothing.
What about all the false reports of wmds being found regularly
appearing in the US media?
Mark K.
MarkK
btw here's a nice article from the BBC for you:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3009855.stm
Pound and dollar hit new euro lows
The British pound and the US dollar have fallen to new low levels
against the euro.
The latest falls came after the European Central Bank left interest
rates unchanged at 2.5%.
That preserved the interest rate gap between the eurozone and the US,
where rates are 1.25%, and that meant the single currency continued to
benefit.
Investors are selling dollars and buying euros in order to get a
better return for their money.
But the single currency also continued to strengthen against the pound
even though UK interest rates were left on hold at 3.75%.
Gloom about the UK economy is thought to be partly to blame for the
pound's fall.
More expensive
The euro hit a four-year high of $1.506 on Thursday before falling
back slightly.
Against the pound, the single currency hit a record level of 71.87
pence, higher than its level when it was launched on 1 January 1999.
The rise of the euro, which has also strengthened against the Japanese
yen, is worrying companies within the eurozone because it will make
their products more expensive abroad.
But Wim Duisenberg, the ECB's president, said the euro's levels were
not excessive.
BUZZ BLAND
Markie.....
do you not like Jewish people as a whole?
do you not like the Jewish people that live in Isreal?
do you not like Jewish people who have some money?
just wondering what Jewish people have ever done to you that you would feel
this way....there is good and bad in everyone....race creed color secual
preference etc etc etc should not matter.....
Buzzie*****
Just keep on digging for the pony.......<VBG>
Marla
Now the song ebony and ivory is running through my head!!!!!
{{{{{****Buzzie****}}}}}
<font color=PURPLE>~~~~Mar :)
<font color=RED><b>A true friend is someone who thinks that you are a good egg
even though he knows that you are slightly cracked. -- Bernard Meltzer</b>
MarkK
> "While we are talking about history (see other post) here is an
> excerpt of Winston Churchill's article on the jews and their
> Bolshevik domination of Russia for a while:
>
> Mark, what does this have to do with the response I made? I am sure I could
> find a quote to negate every thing you say, but you were specifically asking us
> big fat American ladies to respond to you. I took up your thrown gauntlett and
> the best you can do is find another old quote?
You Said the brits had hampered the jewish invasion of Palestine,
which began in the late 1800s. I would say it's relevant what one of
the most famous british leaders had to say about the invaders.
> I bat I could prove tht the earth is flat, and send many sources to prove it.
> Does that make the Flat Earth Society relevant, or credible?
Yes, if, say, national geographic or nature magazine were to say that
the earth is flat, you'd be inclined to hail the discovery. Citing
references is part of making your case in law, in science and in
journalism and is certainly better than not citing references. In
conflict, the government and military are a notoriously unreliable
source (and I had this straight from the horses mouth, a colonel in
charge of organising some NATO conferences)
Mark K.
MarkK
> Okay....im confused...
> Markie.....
> do you not like Jewish people as a whole?
> do you not like the Jewish people that live in Isreal?
> do you not like Jewish people who have some money?
I do not like those jews that lie, deny and distort the fact that
Israel is commiting atrocities against the Palestinians, a racial
group within their .
> just wondering what Jewish people have ever done to you that you would feel
> this way....there is good and bad in everyone....race creed color secual
> preference etc etc etc should not matter.....
Exactly!
So why is anyone that speaks against the atrocities and wrongdoings of
Israelis and their supporters, branded an evil Nazi and Anti-Semite?
Is speaking against crimes commited by members of this racial group
inherently evil?
Judging by the attitudes of particularly the americans, one would
think that Israel is incapable of evil, why?
I want Israel treated the same and judged by the standards of any
other country.
Those that unjustly cover for Israel infiltrate the highest ranks of
american government. The whole west is judged by the sheer duplicity
of it's support for this despot, cruel regime.
Mark K.