What is a tannoy?
Linda M Wolfgram
"tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is. I have checked The
American Heritage Dictionary and the unabridged Random House, but neither
had the word in it.
The article was written and published in Britain, so maybe someone from
there can help me out.
Here's the context: It's on a diagram describing possible audiences for
student writers. The main question is "Who is the writer doing it for?"
and one of the ideas under "within the school" is "making a short
programme/news report using the tannoy."
I would appreciate any help on this matter. Thanks!
--
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
Linda Wolfgram \ \
\ University of North Dakota \
\ \ lwol...@plains.nodak.edu
~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
William R. Ward
) In article <CLr5y...@ns1.nodak.edu>,
) Linda M Wolfgram <lwol...@plains.NoDak.edu> wrote:
)>Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
)>"tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is. I have checked The
)
) A public address system. Tannoy was one of the original British makers of
) such devices, and, like "fridge," the word later came to be used generically.
I don't believe "fridge" was ever a brand name. It's just short for
"refrigerator." Perhaps you're thinking it's short for "Frigidaire"
but I doubt that is true.
Better examples would be Xerox or Rollerblade or Windsurfer.
--Bill.
--
William R Ward __o __o 1803 Mission St. #339
Bay View Software and Consulting _-\<,-\<,_ Santa Cruz CA 95060 USA
Voicemail +1 408/479-4072 (_)/---/ (_) her...@cats.ucsc.edu
The Hermitage BBS +1 408/457-1357 (300-2400 baud, MNP/5, 8/N/1)
Frank Young
>"tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is. I have checked The
A public address system. Tannoy was one of the original British makers of
such devices, and, like "fridge," the word later came to be used generically.
--
Regards, Frank Young
รรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรรยป
ยบ tip...@wam.umd.edu 703-532-6284 ยบ
ยบ 6166 Leesburg Pike, Suite B-12, Falls Church, Virginia 22044-2343 ยบ
Frank Young
William R. Ward <her...@cats.UCSC.EDU> wrote:
>Better examples would be Xerox or Rollerblade or Windsurfer.
You had better not cite Xerox as a "better example" too loudly. It is
still QUITE proprietary. Try publishing anything that has the word
"Xerox" in it as a synonym for "photocopy" and see what it gets you. I
know of two sharpish letters from Xerox that my colleagues have received
just within the last few years.
"Fridge" is, indeed, from Frigidaire -- and the brand owner fought a long
battle against its sink into unprotected speech -- and lost. Similar
events overtook aspirin [Bayer] and cellophane [I've forgotten the
original owner of the trademark]. One example of the reversed process
which comes to mind is the case of the zipper. The company which had the
trademark of the word -- American, c. 1910-1920 -- seems to have been
anxious to have the word placed in unprotected speech, on the grounds
that the more people who asked for a "zipper," the more of its product it
would sell!
Wendy Seltzer
>Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
>The main question is "Who is the writer doing it for?"
Shouldn't it be "For whom is the writer doing it?" :)
Wendy
Daniel P. B. Smith
>In article <CLr5y...@ns1.nodak.edu>,
>Linda M Wolfgram <lwol...@plains.NoDak.edu> wrote:
>>Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
>>"tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is.
>
>such devices, and, like "fridge," the word later came to be used generically.
I've read about Tannoys in British WWII novels (Nevil Shute, etc.),
in the sense of public address systems.
I can add one thing to this. In the seventies, I knew an audiophile who
was a real purist. He had a system that I found amazing. One of the things
he was concerned about was bass response, which is NOT a punchy, disco-beat
sound. It takes a real purist to spend the money that's needed for good
bass response, because most of the time you can't even tell that it's
there. But on the rare occasions when somebody actually hits the bass
drum or plays a low note on a pipe organ, the difference is dramatic.
He had one incredible recording in which people were dancing on a stage.
The booming sound and _feeling_ you got from the stage vibrating made you
feel as if you were really there. The biggest problem with his system was
that almost _every_ recording he played gave you a strange wobbly,
uneasy, earthquakey feeling because of rumble in the grooves; I mean the
response had to be down to 10HZ. (He had test records with quiet grooves
that proved the rumble wasn't in his $400 turntable or $250 tone arm).
So... where was I? Yes... the bass speakers in his system were (drumroll)
sixteen-inch Tannoys. Apparently Tannoy is a loudspeaker company that's
best known for their public-address loudspeakers, but also make fine and
expensive high fidelity loudspeakers. The association with public address
systems must be a constant nuisance to their audio division!
--
Daniel P. B. Smith
dpbs...@world.std.com
Dan Mcclure
LL> Here's the context: It's on a diagram describing possible audiences for
LL> student writers. The main question is "Who is the writer doing it for?"
LL> and one of the ideas under "within the school" is "making a short
LL> programme/news report using the tannoy."
It's a trademark for what we in America call a Public address(PA)
system.
Sun 02-27-1994 13:36:43 DAN
* RM 1.3 B0005 * A candle loses nothing by lighting another candle
claa...@vax.oxford.ac.uk
> In article <HERMIT.94F...@am.ucsc.edu>,
> William R. Ward <her...@cats.UCSC.EDU> wrote:
>>Better examples would be Xerox or Rollerblade or Windsurfer.
>
>
> You had better not cite Xerox as a "better example" too loudly. It is
> still QUITE proprietary. Try publishing anything that has the word
> "Xerox" in it as a synonym for "photocopy" and see what it gets you. I
> know of two sharpish letters from Xerox that my colleagues have received
> just within the last few years.
>
> "Fridge" is, indeed, from Frigidaire -- and the brand owner fought a long
> battle against its sink into unprotected speech -- and lost. Similar
> events overtook aspirin [Bayer] and cellophane [I've forgotten the
> original owner of the trademark]. One example of the reversed process
> which comes to mind is the case of the zipper. The company which had the
> trademark of the word -- American, c. 1910-1920 -- seems to have been
> anxious to have the word placed in unprotected speech, on the grounds
> that the more people who asked for a "zipper," the more of its product it
> would sell!
In the UK, you don't "vacuum", you "hoover".
In South Africa you wear a "speedo" at the beach or pool, or when you go
to "windsurf" , even if it is made by Arena. And you correct mistakes with
"tipp-ex" and not "correction fluid".
And then there is "thermos", etc. I usually try not to use brand-names in a
generic sense, but it is a losing battle.
Daan Claassen
<claa...@ox.ac.uk>
Disclaimer: I didn't do it. Nobody saw me do it. You can't prove anything.
Harry Small
> What is a tannoy?
>
> Message-ID: <CLr5y...@ns1.nodak.edu>
>
> Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
> "tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is.
Interesting - it isn't in the Concise Oxford either. I'll look in the
full Oxford at work when I get the chance. A "tannoy" in the context
you quote - I think it's a UK trade mark (BTW Britons have trade marks
and you have trademarks) - means a hard wired public address system
whereby someone speaking into a microphone in, say, the school office
can be heard through speakers in, say, each classroom. We had one at
my school in the mid '70s. Another example would be in a theatre where
there would be a tannoy in each dressing room so that call scould be
broadcast (e.g. "ten minutes to first act", etc).
Is that enough to be going on with?
Harry (Harry Small - hsm...@cix.compulink.co.uk)
Murray Jorgensen
dpbs...@world.std.com writes:
>So... where was I? Yes... the bass speakers in his system were
(drumroll)
>sixteen-inch Tannoys. Apparently Tannoy is a loudspeaker company that's
>best known for their public-address loudspeakers, but also make fine and
>expensive high fidelity loudspeakers. The association with public
address
>systems must be a constant nuisance to their audio division!
My father was a hi-fi buff and this is the association that 'Tannoy'
has for me.
Murray Jorgensen, Department of Mathematics and Statistics,
University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. [m...@waikato.ac.nz]
_______________________________________________________
"These data do not support the hypothesis" Well . . .
The first one does, but the second and third don't, now the fourth . . .
Harry Small
> "tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is.
Interesting - it isn't in the Concise Oxford either. I'll look in the
claa...@vax.oxford.ac.uk
The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary has it: "a type of public-
address system. [20th c.: orig. uncert.]"
Funny that they don't know the origin. It is obviously from the brand-
name. Or do they mean the first usage is uncertain?
Steve Hayes
>Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
>"tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is. I have checked The
>American Heritage Dictionary and the unabridged Random House, but neither
>had the word in it.
Tannoy n. trademark. a sound amplifying apparatus used as a public address
system esp. in a large building, such as a university.
Collins English Dictionary.
============================================================
Steve Hayes, Editorial Department, University of South Africa
P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa
Internet: haye...@risc1.unisa.ac.za Fidonet: 5:7106/20.1
steve...@p1.f20.n7106.z5.fidonet.org
Richard Tobin
>> What is a tannoy?
>Interesting - it isn't in the Concise Oxford either.
It's in *my* copy:
Tannoy // n. propr. a type of public-address system. [20th c.: orig. uncert.]
-- Richard
--
Richard Tobin, HCRC, Edinburgh University R.T...@ed.ac.uk
"We demand guaranteed rigidly defined areas of doubt and uncertainty" - HHGTTG
A.R.D. Pepper
in article <1994Mar3.020955.20837@oxvax>:
>In article <CLyJ...@cix.compulink.co.uk>, hsm...@cix.compulink.co.uk ("Harry Small") writes:
>>
>>> What is a tannoy?
>>>
>>> Message-ID: <CLr5y...@ns1.nodak.edu>
>>>
>>> Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
>>> "tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is.
>>
>address system. [20th c.: orig. uncert.]"
>
>Funny that they don't know the origin. It is obviously from the brand-
>name. Or do they mean the first usage is uncertain?
The OED2 gives Trade Marks Journal citations from 1928, and 1942, and a
capitalized but informal use in a quotation in 1944, and an
uncapitalized instance from 1954.
Nothing indicates how the name itself was coined; it was apparently
registered to "Guy Rupert Fountain, trading as the Tulsemere
Manufacturing Co". Perhaps this inability to fathom the origin of the
trademark itself is what is meant by "origin uncertain"?
Adrian.
Daniel P. B. Smith
>>The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary has it: "a type of public-
>>address system. [20th c.: orig. uncert.]"
>>
>>Funny that they don't know the origin. It is obviously from the brand-
>>name. Or do they mean the first usage is uncertain?
>
>The OED2 gives Trade Marks Journal citations from 1928, and 1942, and a
>capitalized but informal use in a quotation in 1944, and an
>uncapitalized instance from 1954.
>
>Nothing indicates how the name itself was coined; it was apparently
>registered to "Guy Rupert Fountain, trading as the Tulsemere
>Manufacturing Co". Perhaps this inability to fathom the origin of the
>trademark itself is what is meant by "origin uncertain"?
Ten top reasons why they called it Tannoy:
10. They only did it t'annoy/Because they knew it teases.
9. They called them Fountains originally, but too many were ruined by
connection to water mains.
8. As everyone knows, the name "Tulsemere" is actually _pronounced_ "Tannoy."
7. It's an acronym for "Eight Jewish KORean war VETs"
6. It's a conflation of the names of Fountain's favorite poets,
Tennyson and A. Noyes.
5. It was originally a soft drink made of tannic acid from old tea leaves.
4. They called them urinals originally, but...
3. In initial tests, when the speaker said "Joe took father's shoe bench
out, he was standing on my lawn," listeners reported hearing
"Jam tannoy bam um shaboom tannoy, hum wum tannoy um tannoy."
2. Acronym for There Are No Nits On You.
1. "Tannoy" is Yorkshire dialect for the Welsh hero, Glygglwn Orig Uncert.
(Yes, I know... hundreds, if not thousands of dollars...) :-)
Colin Kendall
> claa...@vax.oxford.ac.uk wrote,
> in article <1994Mar3.020955.20837@oxvax>:
>>In article <CLyJ...@cix.compulink.co.uk>, hsm...@cix.compulink.co.uk ("Harry Small") writes:
>>>
>>>> What is a tannoy?
>>>>
>>>
>>The Oxford Encyclopedic English Dictionary has it: "a type of public-
>>address system. [20th c.: orig. uncert.]"
>>
>>Funny that they don't know the origin. It is obviously from the brand-
>>name. Or do they mean the first usage is uncertain?
> The OED2 gives Trade Marks Journal citations from 1928, and 1942, and a
> capitalized but informal use in a quotation in 1944, and an
> uncapitalized instance from 1954.
> Nothing indicates how the name itself was coined; it was apparently
> registered to "Guy Rupert Fountain, trading as the Tulsemere
> Manufacturing Co". Perhaps this inability to fathom the origin of the
> trademark itself is what is meant by "origin uncertain"?
What's to fathom? Isn't it obvious? I know that in school, when we were
interrupted by announcements over the public address system, it always used t'
annoy me.
--
Warmest regards,
Colin Kendall.
Phone (813) 371-0811 extension 6842
bony...@hotmail.co.uk
> Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the word
> "tannoy" in a handout, and we don't know what it is. I have checked The
> American Heritage Dictionary and the unabridged Random House, but neither
> had the word in it.
>
> The article was written and published in Britain, so maybe someone from
> there can help me out.
>
> Here's the context: It's on a diagram describing possible audiences for
> student writers. The main question is "Who is the writer doing it for?"
> and one of the ideas under "within the school" is "making a short
> programme/news report using the tannoy."
>
> I would appreciate any help on this matter. Thanks!
>
> --
> ~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~^~
> Linda Wolfgram \ \
> \ University of North Dakota \
> \ \
The word Tannoy has considered as a public address system i.e a loudspeaker system, the reason why?, well, the famous Tannoy loudspeaker manufacturer made public address loudspeakers and installed for use mostly in railway stations and the like to announce train times, cancellations and so on. Lets face it you did not have large screens unlike today so it was the only way for large crowd communications in these places. Now, on the front of each loudspeaker was the Tannoy logo (quite large if I recall) when an announcement was made the crowd would (normally) look up to the speaker in anticipation for maybe a late arrival, a cancellation, etc, etc. There you have it! the Tannoy logo was there, hence 'I heard it over the tannoy'.
Simple really....had the speaker company been say 'Bose' (with the Bose logo) I,m pretty sure the saying would have been 'I heard it over the Bose'!
Very similar to 'I need to get the hoover and clean' ...Hoover was the make not the vacuum cleaner!!
I rest my case me-lord.
Tony Cowell
Ex.employer...Bose UK Ltd.
bony...@hotmail.co.uk
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
musika
> On Thursday, 24 February 1994 23:44:58 UTC, Linda M Wolfgram wrote:
>> Help!!! In one of my English classes, we have come across the
>
> The word Tannoy has considered as a public address system...[snip]
>
Thank you, Tony. After 23 years I was wondering if anyone would reply.
--
Ray
UK
Peter T. Daniels
are the only two of the 13 participants who remain active in the newsgroup.
OP appears not to have returned for the answer.
spuorg...@gowanhill.com
> Nothing indicates how the name itself was coined; it was apparently
> registered to "Guy Rupert Fountain, trading as the Tulsemere
> Manufacturing Co". Perhaps this inability to fathom the origin of the
> trademark itself is what is meant by "origin uncertain"?
Owain
![Peter Duncanson [BrE]'s profile photo](http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/a-/ALV-UjU1GGYFBCZgBCNB-pRgkosMu-ej0qpnECw3jc8uGYOTiF8a=s40-c)
Peter Duncanson [BrE]
wrote:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tannoy
--
Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)
bebe...@aol.com
>
> Owain
GordonD
word 'Tannoy' as a generic term for a PA system. In the next issue they
published a letter from a firm of solicitors, acting on behalf of the
Tannoy company, pointing out that the word is in fact a registered
trademark and should only be used to describe systems made by that
company, and should also include the 'TM' symbol. The letter was headed
'What a ridiculous way to make a living'.
Alongside it they reprinted a very similar letter from a different firm
of solicitors, making the identical point, which they had received and
published some fifteen or twenty years earlier, with the same heading.
--
Gordon Davie
Edinburgh, Scotland
Peter T. Daniels
trans-Pondian reader?
GordonD
either know what a Tannoy was, or could look it up.
And what has 1994 got to do with it? I'm aware that was the date of the
OP but the article referred to there wasn't the Private Eye one.
Don Phillipson
"Peter T. Daniels" <gram...@verizon.net> wrote in message
news:9db5dd98-cbe1-4899...@googlegroups.com...
> So, neither in 1994 nor today were they interested in being understood by
> a
> trans-Pondian reader?
of Private Eye any professional interest in whether Americans can understand
them or not.
--
Don Phillipson
Carlsbad Springs
(Ottawa, Canada)
Tony Cooper
Private Eye on the web: http://www.private-eye.co.uk/ I glance at it
once in a while. The cartoons can be funny.
I seldom open a "news" story, though. They are usually about people
who are not on my radar.
Anyone who reads it on the web is able to Google any term like
"Tannoy".
--
Tony Cooper - Orlando, Florida
Peter T. Daniels
> And what has 1994 got to do with it? I'm aware that was the date of the
> OP but the article referred to there wasn't the Private Eye one.
without permission or royalties.
Athel Cornish-Bowden
probably does understand it.
--
athel
Peter T. Daniels
> On 2017-05-07 14:15:54 +0000, Don Phillipson said:
> > "Peter T. Daniels" <gram...@verizon.net> wrote in message
> > news:9db5dd98-cbe1-4899...@googlegroups.com...
> >>> word 'Tannoy' as a generic term for a PA system. .
> >> trans-Pondian reader?
> > Confirmed: we can be sure that neither in 1994 nor today have the
> > editors of Private Eye any professional interest in whether Americans
> > can understand them or not.
>
> Why would they care? The sort of American who reads Private Eye
> probably does understand it.
spuorg...@gowanhill.com
> Some years ago Private Eye printed an article in which they used the
> word 'Tannoy' as a generic term for a PA system. In the next issue they
> published a letter from a firm of solicitors, acting on behalf of the
> Tannoy company, pointing out that the word is in fact a registered
> trademark and should only be used to describe systems made by that
> company, and should also include the 'TM' symbol.
And the new Edinburgh Waverley 'tannoy' system uses intelligent speakers supplied by Tannoy of Coatbridge.
Owain
Richard Tobin
>> Some years ago Private Eye printed an article in which they used the
>> word 'Tannoy' as a generic term for a PA system. In the next issue they
>> published a letter from a firm of solicitors, acting on behalf of the
>> Tannoy company, pointing out that the word is in fact a registered
>> trademark and should only be used to describe systems made by that
>> company, and should also include the 'TM' symbol. The letter was headed
>> 'What a ridiculous way to make a living'.
>>
>> Alongside it they reprinted a very similar letter from a different firm
>> of solicitors, making the identical point, which they had received and
>> published some fifteen or twenty years earlier, with the same heading.
>So, neither in 1994 nor today were they interested in being understood by a
>trans-Pondian reader?
-- Richard
GordonD
>> And what has 1994 got to do with it? I'm aware that was the date of the
>> OP but the article referred to there wasn't the Private Eye one.
>
> Let's see what Private Eye's reaction is when someone reprints some of its material for profit
> without permission or royalties.
>
wrong post.
John Ritson
Peter T. Daniels <gram...@verizon.net> writes
affairs than U.S. affairs.
--
John Ritson
---
This email has been checked for viruses by AVG.
http://www.avg.com
Peter Duncanson [BrE]
in a generic way outside the context of trade.
"He heard an announcement on the Tannoy."
"He Hoovered the floor."
"He Xeroxed the documents."
Peter T. Daniels
> >> And what has 1994 got to do with it? I'm aware that was the date of the
> >> OP but the article referred to there wasn't the Private Eye one.
> >
> > Let's see what Private Eye's reaction is when someone reprints some of its material for profit
> > without permission or royalties.
>
> That doesn't answer my question. You appear to have responded to the
> wrong post.
Never mind the entire thread: atypically, the instigating message was quoted in full.
Where Private Eye comes into it was their unwillingness to abide by copyright/trademark law.
Peter T. Daniels
country, but Xerox (and Coke) remain vigilant. "Tannoy" means nothing.
Richard Tobin
>copyright/trademark law.
law they were not abiding by.
-- Richard
Janet
gram...@verizon.net says...
> Subject: Re: What is a tannoy?
> From: Peter T. Daniels <gram...@verizon.net>
> Newsgroups: alt.usage.english
> On Monday, May 8, 2017 at 6:33:48 AM UTC-4, PeterWD wrote:
> >
> > "He heard an announcement on the Tannoy."
> > "He Hoovered the floor."
> > "He Xeroxed the documents."
>
> I don't know why Hoover didn't crack down on the genericization of their name in your
> country,
>
Janet.
Peter T. Daniels
But since you've deleted the context, why should anyone bother?
Peter T. Daniels
Coca-Cola and Xerox don't think of it as "free brand promotion."
3M is not thrilled about the genericization of "Scotch tape" and "Post-It Note."
GordonD
become a generic term even though it's a trade name. Though as often as
not people spell it with a 'c', possibly from the term 'cellulose tape'.
Peter Duncanson [BrE]
wrote:
>On 08/05/2017 14:28, Peter T. Daniels wrote:
>> On Monday, May 8, 2017 at 9:06:38 AM UTC-4, Janet wrote:
>>> In article <a524f5f3-be04-487d...@googlegroups.com>,
>>> gram...@verizon.net says...
>>>> Subject: Re: What is a tannoy?
>>>> From: Peter T. Daniels <gram...@verizon.net>
>>>> Newsgroups: alt.usage.english
>>>> On Monday, May 8, 2017 at 6:33:48 AM UTC-4, PeterWD wrote:
>>
>>>>> [quoted text muted]
>>>>> in a generic way outside the context of trade.
>>>>> "He heard an announcement on the Tannoy."
>>>>> "He Hoovered the floor."
>>>>> "He Xeroxed the documents."
>>>> I don't know why Hoover didn't crack down on the genericization of their name in your
>>>> country,
>>>
>>> Are you kidding? Decades of free brand promotion.
>>
>> Not if someone buys a Dyson hoover.
>>
>> Coca-Cola and Xerox don't think of it as "free brand promotion."
>>
>> 3M is not thrilled about the genericization of "Scotch tape" and "Post-It Note."
>>
>
>We don't have Scotch Tape in the UK;
Scotch is one of the brands of 3M.
> we have Sellotape, which has also
>become a generic term even though it's a trade name. Though as often as
>not people spell it with a 'c', possibly from the term 'cellulose tape'.
scotch tape uk
produces many results including a sponsored link for Sellotape!
charles
of Scotch Magic Tape.ยจ
>
--
from KT24 in Surrey, England
Peter Duncanson [BrE]
wrote:
>>
Ah yes. I had in mind Scotch tape of the sticky type rather than
recording tape.
Richard Tobin
>> >Where Private Eye comes into it was their unwillingness to abide by
>> >copyright/trademark law.
>> Perhaps you'd like to tell us exactly which aspect of trademark
>> law they were not abiding by.
>Maybe Paul W. or Garrett W. will explain it for you.
-- Richard
Peter T. Daniels
Snidely
In the US, I've never seen "Magic" in the recording tape nameology,
only in the sticky type, and specifically the matte-finish sticky type
tape which "magically" disappeared into the paper, instead of glinting
above the typeface.
/dps
--
But happiness cannot be pursued; it must ensue. One must have a reason
to 'be happy.'"
Viktor Frankl
Athel Cornish-Bowden
time telling you.
--
athel
GordonD
dominant brand.
Peter T. Daniels
(Ethel has returned to being afraid of reading the truth of what I write.)