On 9/23/16 2:30 AM, 李曉冬 wrote:
> Hello everyone, I have several questions about the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts by his mere presence; standing, as now, lean as a knife" from part 1 of the novel "To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf.
>
>
https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/w/woolf/virginia/w91t/part1.html
>
> “But,” said his father, stopping in front of the drawing-room window, “it won’t be fine.”
>
> Had there been an axe handy, a poker, or any weapon that would have gashed a hole in his father’s breast and killed him, there and then, James would have seized it. Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts by his mere presence; standing, as now, lean as a knife, narrow as the blade of one, grinning sarcastically, not only with the pleasure of disillusioning his son and casting ridicule upon his wife, who was ten thousand times better in every way than he was (James thought), but also with some secret conceit at his own accuracy of judgement. What he said was true. It was always true. He was incapable of untruth; never tampered with a fact; never altered a disagreeable word to suit the pleasure or convenience of any mortal being, least of all of his own children, who, sprung from his loins, should be aware from childhood that life is difficult; facts uncompromising; and the passage to that fabled land where our brightest hopes are extinguished, our frail barks founder in darkness (here Mr. Ramsay would straighten his back and narrow his little blue eyes upon the horizon), one that needs, above all, courage, truth, and the power to endure.
>
> Below is the sentence about which I have several questions.
>
> Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts by his mere presence; standing, as now, lean as a knife
>
>
> Is the word "such" in the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts" a pronoun?
No. You could call it a "pro-adjective" (although I don't think that
term is common).
"Such" can also be a pronoun, though I think that's pretty rare.
> What does the word "such" in the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts" refer to?
It means "like what was just mentioned", in this case, "like James's
murderous anger". The emotions that Mr. Ramsay excited were as extreme
as James's anger.
> Does the word "extreme" in the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts" mean "either one of two opposite conditions, feelings, positions, etc., that are thought of as being far from what is normal or reasonable"?
It means "as much as it can be". The emotions are as strong as emotions
can be; they're at the extreme limit of emotion.
> Does the word "excite" in the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts" mean "If something excites a particular feeling, emotion, or reaction in someone, it causes them to experience it" or mean "to make somebody feel a particular emotion or react in a particular way"?
Yes, your two definitions are about the same, and that's what it means.
> Does the word "breast" in the sentence "Such were the extremes of emotion that Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts" mean "somebody's chest and heart, considered as the part of somebody's body where somebody feels emotions"?
Yes.
> Does the clause "Mr. Ramsay excited in his children’s breasts by his mere presence" modify "the extremes of emotion"?
Yes.
> I am not very clear about the usage "such was something that ...".
The word order is inverted. It means "Something that... is such". The
emotions that Mr. Ramsay excited were such. The emotions that he
excited were of the kind just described.
This inverted word order with "Such" was probably literary at the time,
not used much in ordinary conversation. I certainly don't encounter it
much now. An exception is the saying "Such is life", which Dingbat
mentioned.
> Which meaning of the word "as" is used in the sentence "standing, as now"?
It's short for "standing, as he was now". He arouses extreme emotions
when he's standing in a certain way, and he's standing that way at the
time described ("now"). But really it's more a way of introducing the
description of what he looks like at that moment, I'd say.
> Is the word "lean" in the sentence "lean as a knife" an adjective?
Yes.
> Does the word "lean" in the sentence "lean as a knife" mean "thin but look strong and healthy"?
Yes.
(However, you want "looking", not "look". Also, it's more "healthy"
than "strong".)
> Does the word "as" in the sentence "lean as a knife" mean "like"?
More or less. Literally it means that his leanness is the same as a
knife's. "Lean like a knife" would be informal or non-standard, and I
don't think Woolf would have written it.
--
Jerry Friedman
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cafepress.com/jerrysdesigns
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