Yeah. The rifle was muzzle-loading, that is, you stuffed the powder,
wadding, and the bullet into the far end of the barrel. For this
high-accuracy rifle, the bullet was carefully seated initially in a
piece which attached to the actual barrel which was removed before
firing. This false muzzle was slightly tapered, which made loading
easier, but which would make the barrel less accurate. (An ordinary
barrel had to have this slight easing at the muzzle.)
Paper patch...well, I was told not to talk about ladies or religion in
polite company, and paper patching is a religion in some quarters.
It was done to minimize lead fouling without deforming the bullet
unduly, is the short answer. You can get as long an answer as you
like, and well beyond that, elsewhere.
ANMcC