On 7/8/14 5:37 PM, Ross wrote:
> On Wednesday, July 9, 2014 4:11:44 AM UTC+12, Jerry Friedman wrote:
>> On 7/7/14 11:03 PM, Ross wrote:
>>> I think of the "bead" example as a case of metonymy, which is interesting
>>> in being understandable only via a very specific aspect of European
>>> Christian culture (praying the rosary).
>>
>> Or repeating prayers in general. The use of beads (by Lady Godiva in
>> the 11th century) to count prayers is mentioned by William of Malmesbury
>> in his /De Gestis Pontificum Anglorum/ (1125)
>>
http://books.google.com/books?id=_NqOe4Z-zTcC&pg=PA311
>> They were probably used to count paternosters. The rosary didn't
>> develop till later, maybe the 15th century.
>>
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13184b.htm
>>
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02361c.htm
>
> Correction humbly accepted.
I got carried away when I found out how hard it was to get a reliable
answer. I hope it didn't look like I was trying to induce humility.
>> Of course many other cultures use beads to count prayers,
>
> I wonder how many do this? I know some Japanese Buddhists have a beads-on-
> a-string device, but I don't know exactly how it's used, and I always
> wondered whether it might reflect Christian influence.
According to Wikipedia, the oldest known (apparent) prayer beads are
Hindu, so it's probably more Hindu influence. See
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist_prayer_beads
So Hindu, Buddhist, Muslim, and Roman and Anglo-Catholic. (Apparently
Orthodox Christians generally use knotted cords.) Wikipedia also
mentions Baha'i.
Depending on your definitions, my "many" might have been an exaggeration.
>> but I don't
>> know whether any of them have adopted a word for prayer to mean a bead.
>
> I wonder whether it has even happened elsewhere in Christendom?
>
>> It seems to me that the etymology of "bead" has two steps, first the
>> metonymy from "prayer" to "object on a string used to count prayers",
>> then the generalization to any object of that type.
>
> Agreed. And it's the metonymy part that I find most interesting and
> distinctive, which is why I was surprised at Peter saying the hydrant
> case was "exactly the same".
...
Another of my favorites is "check".
>>> Similar to "jockey shorts" or "tabasco pepper".
>>
>> Or leaving out the "place" aspect, "tennis shoes", "watch cap"
>> (apparently now replaced by "beanie", at least around here), "baseball
>> cap", "lobster sauce", "potato peeler", "pipe cleaner", "fish slice"
>> (BrE), etc.
>
> Nice collection.
...
I meant to add an example of organism names. Around here all the vireos
(from the Latin for "green"--apparently Pliny used it for some bird) are
gray.
--
Jerry Friedman