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Help on English word for 4X, 5X, 6X....

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dd709394

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Sep 17, 2002, 6:24:49 PM9/17/02
to
Dear all,

Kindly adv. the exact word for the followings as I was asked by my son this
afternoon and I was stuck

When we say :

"2 times more" = double
"3 times more" = treble

So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy


Best Regards

dd

Kurt Kurosawa

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Sep 17, 2002, 6:33:30 PM9/17/02
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"dd709394" <dd70...@my.netvigator.com> wrote in message
news:am8a39$q0...@imsp212.netvigator.com...

> "2 times more" = double
> "3 times more" = treble
>
> So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find
the
> information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy

Treble is also triple. Also 2 times is twice; 3 thrice, and in cards, the 2
is called the deuce, the 3 the trey. Your case is richer than most; you also
have "quadruple" which is fairly commonly used.


Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 17, 2002, 6:28:48 PM9/17/02
to
dd709394 wrote:
>
> Dear all,
>
> Kindly adv. the exact word for the followings as I was asked by my son this
> afternoon and I was stuck
>
> When we say :
>
> "2 times more" = double
> "3 times more" = treble
also "triple"

>
> So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
> information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy
>

4 quadruple
5 quintuple
6 sextuple
7 septuple
8 octuple

They're based mainly on the Latin cardinal numbers but I've never heard
of this form being used for more than eight.

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan

Mike Oliver

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Sep 17, 2002, 6:52:06 PM9/17/02
to
Einde O'Callaghan wrote:

> 4 quadruple
> 5 quintuple
> 6 sextuple
> 7 septuple
> 8 octuple
>
> They're based mainly on the Latin cardinal numbers but I've never heard
> of this form being used for more than eight.

I would have no doubt about the meaning of "nonuple" or "decuple"
if I heard them, though I'd be unlikely to use them spontaneously
myself.

There is a little issue with the *spelling* of "decuple", I guess: I want
to pronounce the c as /s/, but I can't think of an English word in
which a c followed by a u is pronounced /s/.

Don Kiddick

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Sep 17, 2002, 7:28:44 PM9/17/02
to
To be fair, this guy just wants a straight answer to the question. Whilst
Einde is 100% right, we don't often use the others (past treble) in English.
You would ask for a double cheeseburger or a treble vodka but if you wanted
a quadruple vodka you would usually ask for 4 vodkas in one glass (which is
illegal - BTW)
"Kurt Kurosawa" <kurt-k...@cox.net> wrote in message
news:_4Oh9.50965$TX5.1...@news1.east.cox.net...

dd709394

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Sep 17, 2002, 7:44:44 PM9/17/02
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Dear all,

Thanks for all the advise posted and I think I am ok for the time being

Once again, thank you

DD
"Einde O'Callaghan" <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de> wrote in message
news:3D87ACA0...@planet-interkom.de...

Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 17, 2002, 7:43:32 PM9/17/02
to
Don Kiddick wrote:
>
> To be fair, this guy just wants a straight answer to the question. Whilst
> Einde is 100% right, we don't often use the others (past treble) in English.

But we do talk about quadruplets, quintuplets and sextuplets - multiple
births are still news even if with fertility treatment they are perhaps
a bit more common than before.

> You would ask for a double cheeseburger or a treble vodka but if you wanted
> a quadruple vodka you would usually ask for 4 vodkas in one glass (which is
> illegal - BTW)

Where is this? I've never come across such a law in any country where
I've been overindulging in alcohol.

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan

Evan Kirshenbaum

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Sep 17, 2002, 8:20:27 PM9/17/02
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"Don Kiddick" <Donke...@mikehunt.com> writes:

> To be fair, this guy just wants a straight answer to the
> question. Whilst Einde is 100% right, we don't often use the others
> (past treble) in English. You would ask for a double cheeseburger
> or a treble vodka

I would? I admit that I am less than familiar with bar customs, but
should the situation arise, my instinct would be to ask for a "triple
vodka". The only place I have "treble" (besides the clef) is in the
fixed phrase "treble damages".

> but if you wanted a quadruple vodka you would usually ask for 4
> vodkas in one glass (which is illegal - BTW)

I think I would expect "quadruple" to be commonly understood. I think
I've even seen a quadruple cheeseburger advertised. I'd put the
boundary at above "quintuple", although most people could probably
handle up to "octuple".

--
Evan Kirshenbaum +------------------------------------
HP Laboratories |In the beginning, there were no
1501 Page Mill Road, 1U, MS 1141 |reasons, there were only causes.
Palo Alto, CA 94304 | Daniel Dennet

kirsh...@hpl.hp.com
(650)857-7572

http://www.kirshenbaum.net/


John Varela

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Sep 17, 2002, 9:18:12 PM9/17/02
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On Tue, 17 Sep 2002 22:24:49 UTC, "dd709394" <dd70...@my.netvigator.com>
wrote:

> When we say :
>
> "2 times more" = double
> "3 times more" = treble

Actually, we don't say that. We say "2 times" or "3 times". "2 times more"
is ambiguous: it could mean one time (the original one) plus two times
*more* = three times.

--
John Varela

Don Aitken

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Sep 17, 2002, 9:18:59 PM9/17/02
to

I was once in a bar with a woman who ordered a quadruple Cointreau -
she got it, too. This was after a funeral, if anybody regards that as
a good excuse.

--
Don Aitken

Philip Eden

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Sep 17, 2002, 10:28:29 PM9/17/02
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dd709394 <dd70...@my.netvigator.com> wrote in message
news:am8a39$q0...@imsp212.netvigator.com...
We also have threefold, fourfold ... which construction has the advantage
of being easily used for any multiple. It may not always be interchangeable
with triple, quadruple, etc, however.

Philip Eden

John Ramsay

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Sep 18, 2002, 2:33:02 AM9/18/02
to

Einde O'Callaghan wrote:

non- for 9, as in nonagon, nonagenarian. In music,
nonet for 9-piece orchestra. In chemistry, nonane,
after septane and octane.

- From the Latin nonus for 9th.

dec- of course, for 10, as in decade, decathlon, decimal.

But how one can become decadent by reaching age 10
beats me. Took me way longer -:)

R H Draney

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Sep 18, 2002, 2:18:48 AM9/18/02
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Evan Kirshenbaum <kirsh...@hpl.hp.com> wrote in
news:bs6wf8...@hpl.hp.com:

> I think I would expect "quadruple" to be commonly understood. I
> think I've even seen a quadruple cheeseburger advertised. I'd put
> the boundary at above "quintuple", although most people could
> probably handle up to "octuple".

On those rare occasions that you come across someone who looks blankly
at you when you say "quadruple", you can try "double-double"....

You're right in saying that the terms up to "octuple" are pretty
common (probably because of the similar words for multiple births that
make the papers)...a series I always end up having to explain to
people is "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", "quaternary"...I've been
fortunate that I've never come across a practical use for such terms
beyond four....r

Aaron J. Dinkin

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Sep 18, 2002, 11:16:43 AM9/18/02
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On 18 Sep 2002 06:18:48 GMT, R H Draney <dado...@earthlink.net> wrote:

> You're right in saying that the terms up to "octuple" are pretty
> common (probably because of the similar words for multiple births that
> make the papers)...a series I always end up having to explain to
> people is "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", "quaternary"...I've been
> fortunate that I've never come across a practical use for such terms
> beyond four.

Mmmh... Isn't the sequence that "quarternary" belongs to "unary, binary,
ternary [or trinary], quaternary"? "Primary, secondary, tertiary" should
continue with "quartary", a word that doesn't seem to exist.

-Aaron J. Dinkin
Dr. Whom

William

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Sep 18, 2002, 11:24:41 AM9/18/02
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"Mike Oliver" <oli...@math.ucla.edu> wrote in message
news:3D87B216...@math.ucla.edu...

> I would have no doubt about the meaning of "nonuple" or "decuple"
> if I heard them, though I'd be unlikely to use them spontaneously
> myself.

If I saw "decuple" in print, depending on the context, I might
think it was a mispelling of "decouple". For example: "The
capacitor decuples the input." I'd assume it was supposed to be
"decouples" since I don't see how a capacitor could multiply the
input, but decoupling capacitors are common enough.

"Order of magnitude" or "factor of ten" seem to be pretty
common substitutes for "decuple" ("order of magnitude" is
ambiguous, but usually assumed to be a factor of ten unless
otherwise stated). -Wm

Evan Kirshenbaum

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Sep 18, 2002, 4:33:24 PM9/18/02
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John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com> writes:

> But how one can become decadent by reaching age 10
> beats me. Took me way longer -:)

I noted when my son got his tenth tooth, but I don't seem to have
written it down anywhere.

--
Evan Kirshenbaum +------------------------------------
HP Laboratories |The whole idea of our government is
1501 Page Mill Road, 1U, MS 1141 |this: if enough people get together
Palo Alto, CA 94304 |and act in concert, they can take
|something and not pay for it.
kirsh...@hpl.hp.com | P.J. O'Rourke
(650)857-7572

http://www.kirshenbaum.net/


R H Draney

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Sep 18, 2002, 4:29:21 PM9/18/02
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In article <vN0i9.15387$L12.3202@sccrnsc02>, "Aaron says...

Googling:

"primary secondary tertiary quaternary" (as phrase): 497 hits

"primary secondary tertiary quartary": 2 hits, and an offer to substitute
"quarterly" for the fourth term....

"primary secondary tertiary quatary": no hits, and an offer to try "quaternary"
as an alternative to the fourth term....

"unary binary ternary quaternary": 5 hits

Two of the latter set precede the sequence with "nullary"; one other prefers
"0-ary"...there seems to be some contention over the next term as well, with
both "quinary" and "quintary" listed, as well as a general suggestion that
subsequent terms be written in the form "n-ary"....

Checking "primary secondary tertiary" -quaternary, I find 8320 hits...most of
these either end the series at this point; others conclude with such odd choices
as "refereed", "peripheral", "identical", "case", "systemic" and
"internal"...clearly, there are a lot of disciplines in which the "one, two,
many" system has not been greatly extended....

For "unary binary ternary" -quaternary, 268 hits...most end the series there,
the majority of those that continue suggest "n-ary" or "k-nary" as the general
following term..."multicomponent" is the sole outlier in the first four pages of
hits....r

Anno Siegel

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Sep 18, 2002, 6:04:43 PM9/18/02
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According to Mike Oliver <oli...@math.ucla.edu>:

"Deciple" doesn't have that problem. I believe Latin supports it as
much as "decuple".

Anno

Mark Brader

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Sep 19, 2002, 12:27:23 AM9/19/02
to
Mike Oliver writes:
> There is a little issue with the *spelling* of "decuple" ["multiply
> by 10"], I guess: I want to pronounce the c as /s/, but ...

It would never have occured to me to do that. Certainly "deci-" has
a soft C, but "deca-" doesn't; why then should this?
--
Mark Brader, Toronto | "One thing that surprises you about this business
m...@vex.net | is the surprises." -- Tim Baker

Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 18, 2002, 6:12:08 PM9/18/02
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Why should a derivative of "decem2 have to pronounce the "c" as /s/?
There are words derived from "decem" where the "c" is pronounced as /k/,
e.g. decade. I would have no difficulty recognising a multiple birth (a
most unlikely one, I agree) described as "decuplets" (pronounced
"dekuplets") as being one with 10 babies.

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan


John Ramsay

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Sep 19, 2002, 11:54:01 AM9/19/02
to
Mark Brader wrote:

> Mike Oliver writes:
> > There is a little issue with the *spelling* of "decuple" ["multiply
> > by 10"], I guess: I want to pronounce the c as /s/, but ...
>
> It would never have occured to me to do that. Certainly "deci-" has
> a soft C, but "deca-" doesn't; why then should this?

euphony - the foreign word gets pronounced differently
where it doesn't 'sound right' in the borrowing language

eg desibel vs dekadent

Anno Siegel

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Sep 19, 2002, 12:48:21 PM9/19/02
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According to John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com>:

> Mark Brader wrote:
>
> > Mike Oliver writes:
> > > There is a little issue with the *spelling* of "decuple" ["multiply
> > > by 10"], I guess: I want to pronounce the c as /s/, but ...
> >
> > It would never have occured to me to do that. Certainly "deci-" has
> > a soft C, but "deca-" doesn't; why then should this?
>
> euphony - the foreign word gets pronounced differently
> where it doesn't 'sound right' in the borrowing language
>
> eg desibel vs dekadent

But "decadent" has nothing to do with the "deca/deci" prefix meaning
ten. It's (via French) from Latin "de-cadere", to fall down from.
So in this case, the pronunciation of "c" as "k" hasn't changed.

Anno

Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 19, 2002, 1:56:24 PM9/19/02
to
But decade (pronounced "dekade") does. So the point is valid, even if
the example isn't.

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan


Peter Moylan

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Sep 19, 2002, 2:20:15 PM9/19/02
to
Evan Kirshenbaum wrote:
> John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com> writes:
>
>> But how one can become decadent by reaching age 10
>> beats me. Took me way longer -:)
>
> I noted when my son got his tenth tooth, but I don't seem to have
> written it down anywhere.

That's on the way up. "Decadent" is when you've passed your full
quota of teeth, and are back down to ten again.

--
Peter Moylan pe...@ee.newcastle.edu.au
http://eepjm.newcastle.edu.au

Peter Moylan

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Sep 19, 2002, 2:20:14 PM9/19/02
to
William wrote:
> "Mike Oliver" <oli...@math.ucla.edu> wrote in message
> news:3D87B216...@math.ucla.edu...
>
>> I would have no doubt about the meaning of "nonuple" or "decuple"
>> if I heard them, though I'd be unlikely to use them spontaneously
>> myself.
>
> If I saw "decuple" in print, depending on the context, I might
> think it was a mispelling of "decouple". For example: "The
> capacitor decuples the input." I'd assume it was supposed to be
> "decouples" since I don't see how a capacitor could multiply the
> input, but decoupling capacitors are common enough.

There is an electrical circuit called a "voltage doubler", and it
relies on capacitors to double the output. Producing ten times
the output is another matter. Capacitors, lacking fingers, do not
have a natural tendency to count in tens.

Anno Siegel

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Sep 19, 2002, 4:21:51 PM9/19/02
to
According to Einde O'Callaghan <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de>:

Sorry, no again. "Deca..." meaning ten is from Greek "deka", and again
the pronunciation of modern c is like that of ancient kappa.

I don't doubt that foreign words undergo changes to adapt them to their
English environment, but the difference in pronunciation of c in "deci"
and "deka" is not an example. The rules that govern pronunciation of
c according to the following vowel are largely the same in English and
Romance languages, including Latin.

Anno


Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 19, 2002, 5:27:08 PM9/19/02
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Anno Siegel wrote:
>
> According to Einde O'Callaghan <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de>:
<snip>

> > >
> > But decade (pronounced "dekade") does. So the point is valid, even if
> > the example isn't.
>
> Sorry, no again. "Deca..." meaning ten is from Greek "deka", and again
> the pronunciation of modern c is like that of ancient kappa.
>
This may betrue of most words beginning with "deca-", e.g. "decagon".
But in the word "decade" it isn't directly according to the etymology in
my dictionary. However, the latin root isn't "decem" but "decus", which
in turn derives from the Greek "deka".

> I don't doubt that foreign words undergo changes to adapt them to their
> English environment, but the difference in pronunciation of c in "deci"
> and "deka" is not an example. The rules that govern pronunciation of
> c according to the following vowel are largely the same in English and
> Romance languages, including Latin.
>

I have no doubt that this is basically true.

Getting back to teh origins of this discussion, I've actually discovered
the word "decuple" in my dictionary. It means "tenfold (amount)" or
"multiply by ten". It does derive from Latin, indeed from "decem" but
indirectly through the Late Latin "decuplus" and the "c" is pronounced
/k/. Connected with this is "decuplet" meaning "set of ten things of the
same kind", and probably also one of such a set (although this meaning
isn't mentioned).

Another word listed which derives from Latin and has "c" pronounced as
/k/. This is "decuman" - no I've never heard of it before either - which
apparently means "very large" when applied to waves or "of the tenth
cohort" when talking about a Roman legion (you learn something new every
day!). But again it's indirectly through "decumanus" from "decimanus"
(of the tenth "decimus").

And also "decussate" meaning X-shaped - also indirectly from "decem"
through "decusis" = "the numeral ten or shape X".

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan

Mike Oliver

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Sep 19, 2002, 11:43:04 PM9/19/02
to
Mark Brader wrote:
> Mike Oliver writes:
>> There is a little issue with the *spelling* of "decuple" ["multiply
>> by 10"], I guess: I want to pronounce the c as /s/, but ...
>
> It would never have occured to me to do that. Certainly "deci-" has
> a soft C, but "deca-" doesn't; why then should this?

You know, I can't really tell you. /dE 'kup @l/ just doesn't sound
right to me; /dE 'sup @l/ does.

John Holmes

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Sep 19, 2002, 9:34:22 AM9/19/02
to

"Einde O'Callaghan" <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de> wrote in
message news:3D88FA38...@planet-interkom.de...

> I would have no difficulty recognising a multiple birth (a
> most unlikely one, I agree) described as "decuplets" (pronounced
> "dekuplets") as being one with 10 babies.

What would they be called if they were conjoined?


--
Regards
John

Einde O'Callaghan

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Sep 20, 2002, 1:02:13 AM9/20/02
to

However, according to teh dictionary the former is the standard
pronunciation.

Regards, Einde O'Callaghan


Charles Riggs

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Sep 20, 2002, 5:49:06 AM9/20/02
to
On 19 Sep 2002 18:20:15 GMT, Peter Moylan
<pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote:

>Evan Kirshenbaum wrote:
>> John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com> writes:
>>
>>> But how one can become decadent by reaching age 10
>>> beats me. Took me way longer -:)
>>
>> I noted when my son got his tenth tooth, but I don't seem to have
>> written it down anywhere.
>
>That's on the way up. "Decadent" is when you've passed your full
>quota of teeth, and are back down to ten again.

Along with being a doublegood engineer of much capacity, you are
clearly a teeth man, Peter, so I'll ask: should I get a set of false
teeth? I notice, moving my tongue around, that I lack a number of back
teeth in my lower jaw, which once accompanied me. This doesn't
seriously hinder my food-eating abilities, it seems to me, tough as
Irish steaks are. I have almost a full set of uppers, and the gaps,
although measurable, don't appear to be growing. What to do, what to
do?

Charles

John Ramsay

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Sep 20, 2002, 12:30:06 PM9/20/02
to

Anno Siegel wrote:

But 'dec-' was probably received into English from Latin, either
classical or ecclesiastic.

eg december - the 10th month in the Roman calendar which
became the 12th in the Julian.

Either the Julian calendar was inflicted on English by Julius
himself and the subsequent occupation of Britain by the
Romans (classical Latin) or brought in at the time of conversion
to Christianity (ecclesiastical Latin).

The 'c' in classical Latin was sounded 'k', no matter the
following vowel/diphthong.

The 'c' in ecclesiastical was sounded 'ch'
before 'e' and 'i', k' before 'a'.

But English says dekathlon and desibel, not dekibel
or dechibel. And desember, not dekember or dechember.

John R.

Anno Siegel

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Sep 20, 2002, 1:23:18 PM9/20/02
to
According to John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com>:
> Anno Siegel wrote:
> > According to Einde O'Callaghan <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de>:

[prehistoric parts of thread snipped]

> > > But decade (pronounced "dekade") does. So the point is valid, even if
> > > the example isn't.
> >
> > Sorry, no again. "Deca..." meaning ten is from Greek "deka", and again
> > the pronunciation of modern c is like that of ancient kappa.
> >
> > I don't doubt that foreign words undergo changes to adapt them to their
> > English environment, but the difference in pronunciation of c in "deci"
> > and "deka" is not an example. The rules that govern pronunciation of
> > c according to the following vowel are largely the same in English and
> > Romance languages, including Latin.
> >
> > Anno
>
> But 'dec-' was probably received into English from Latin, either
> classical or ecclesiastic.

Some, even most "dec-"s with the meaning of ten do, but the ones followed
by "a" tend to be from Greek.

> eg december - the 10th month in the Roman calendar which
> became the 12th in the Julian.
>
> Either the Julian calendar was inflicted on English by Julius
> himself and the subsequent occupation of Britain by the
> Romans (classical Latin) or brought in at the time of conversion
> to Christianity (ecclesiastical Latin).
>
> The 'c' in classical Latin was sounded 'k', no matter the
> following vowel/diphthong.
>
> The 'c' in ecclesiastical was sounded 'ch'
> before 'e' and 'i', k' before 'a'.
>
> But English says dekathlon and desibel, not dekibel
> or dechibel. And desember, not dekember or dechember.

Well, "decathlon" is certainly Greek, probably a relatively recent
coinage, unless the classic Olympics already had it. (I looked it
up, they didn't.)

I'm not sure I understand what tacit assumption the initial "but"
in your last paragraph is in opposition to. So "decibel" (anther
20th-century term), and "December" came into English via medieval, not
classical Latin. (In fact, December appears to have gone through French.)
What does this establish?

Anno

Peter Moylan

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Sep 21, 2002, 2:41:26 AM9/21/02
to

Sorry, Charles, but you've picked the wrong person to ask. I grew
up in a small town where the sole dentist was somewhat eccentric,
and I lost a few teeth for that reason. Then ... well, I won't
bore you with the details, but I've ended up with a severe fear
of dentists and a rather poor set of dental equipment.

I can tell you this much. Following a childhood accident (falling
out of a billycart on a very steep road, and landing on my face)
I ended up with a partial denture that I kept for many years.
Nobody told me that this monstrosity would, through the
cumulative effect of apparently minor friction, damage a number
of my remaining teeth. Eventually I had it replaced with a
bridge, and despite the high cost that turned out to be one of
the best decisions I ever made.

It seems to me that you would be best off living with the gaps.
Besides, the tough steaks will help keep the gums healthy.

Tony Cooper

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Sep 21, 2002, 3:21:48 AM9/21/02
to

"Peter Moylan" <pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote in message
news:amh4am$6g4

>
> I can tell you this much. Following a childhood accident (falling
> out of a billycart on a very steep road, and landing on my face)

Whazzat? I would think it would be a cart pulled by a goat. Or, is it
a cart to transport bongs?


--
Tony Cooper aka: Tony_Co...@Yahoo.com
Provider of Jots & Tittles


Peter Moylan

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Sep 21, 2002, 8:08:15 PM9/21/02
to
Tony Cooper wrote:
>
> "Peter Moylan" <pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote in message
> news:amh4am$6g4
>>
>> I can tell you this much. Following a childhood accident (falling
>> out of a billycart on a very steep road, and landing on my face)
>
> Whazzat? I would think it would be a cart pulled by a goat. Or, is it
> a cart to transport bongs?

I've never heard of a relationship between a billy and a bong before.
Maybe your bong is different from ours. Well, we can save that for a
different topic. In any case, I haven't touched a bong since long
before I gave up smoking. And I haven't touched a goat at all. If
anyone tries to tell you any different, just remember that goats
are notorious liars.

Billycarts, now: I'm sure they must exist in most countries, perhaps
under another name. Must have existed, I should say. These days
the skateboard seems to have taken over as the favoured way to
break a few bones.

In my day, constructing a billycart was almost compulsory once you
reached a certain age. Say about ten years old. It was essentially
a box on wheels, although "box" suggests a level of sophistication
somewhat higher than our minimalist approach. To build one, you
scrounged four wheels from any available source -- old prams [1]
were a favourite -- and a few lengths of wood from wherever, and
built something very vaguely akin to a car. The front part was
hinged to permit steering. Steering was done either with a rope
or directly with the feet. Usually there were no brakes.

[1] Our pram = your baby carriage, if I recall it correctly.

Then you took the whole contraption to the nearest hilly street.
It had to be a paved street, not somewhere out in the bush, unless
you had especially robust wheels. For preference you had a
friend to tell you when the road was clear, and another friend
to give you an initial push, and then you took off at
ever-increasing speed. The best hill near my home involved
turning several corners, so there were no real guarantees about
the road being clear, but we just handled unexpected cars in
our path as best we could. At least it was possible to steer
the thing.

In case you're wondering, I lost my front teeth through an act of
sheer stupidity on the part of a friend of mine. He tried to
jump onto the back of my cart when it was already moving at a
respectable speed. The cart stopped, and I didn't.

A couple of years later we lost interest in billycarts and moved
onto sleds. These were even more primitive than the billycarts,
since they were made of precisely four pieces of wood: two for
the runners, one to sit on, and one to put your feet on. The
runners were very highly polished, and then coated with either
beeswax or soap. I would imagine that something similar is
built by children in countries where there is lots of snow. We
didn't have snow, so we built our sleds to run on grass. The
trick was to find as steep a hill as possible outside the town,
and check it for rocks and stones. We removed the smaller rocks,
and then tried to pick a path that avoided the bigger ones.
(Not easy, because we had no steering.) Plenty of fun, and the
injury rate was no worse than for some of our other activities.

David Squire

unread,
Sep 21, 2002, 9:11:35 PM9/21/02
to
Peter Moylan wrote:

[snip]

> I've never heard of a relationship between a billy and a bong before.
> Maybe your bong is different from ours.

I think not (unless they are special in Newcastle). I have heard "billy" for
"bong" in both Melbourne and Perth... and perhaps elsewhere.

Cheers,

D.

Tony Cooper

unread,
Sep 21, 2002, 11:18:58 PM9/21/02
to

"David Squire" <David....@csse.monash.edu.au> wrote in message
news:3D8D18C7...@csse.monash.edu.au...

You don't do billabong puns? I thought Ozzies laked puns.

The trick to a really good pun is that the pun has to be somewhere
between too obvious and too obscure. There should be a fraction of
puzzlement to the reader, and then a headslap and a groan. This one,
admittedly, was on the too-obscure side of the scale.

Tony Cooper

unread,
Sep 21, 2002, 11:53:09 PM9/21/02
to

"Peter Moylan" <pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote in message
news:amj1lf$559$2...@seagoon.newcastle.edu.au...

>
> Billycarts, now: I'm sure they must exist in most countries, perhaps
> under another name. Must have existed, I should say. These days
> the skateboard seems to have taken over as the favoured way to
> break a few bones.
>
> In my day, constructing a billycart was almost compulsory once you
> reached a certain age.

As soon as I read this far, I knew exactly what you meant. We did not
call them billycarts, but we certainly built them. I don't recall what
we called them. There were two styles: one where the rider (sometimes
referred to as "the deceased") stood and one where the rider sat down.

The ones where the rider stood were basically a horizontal board with an
orange crate nailed to the front of it. Usually, the wheels on this
version were roller skates. Our wheels, as yours were, were anything
round - or nearly round - that could be salvaged. The stand-up versions
were slow and tipped to the side easily, but had the advantage of being
propelled by one foot when gravity wasn't at work.

The sit-down style was the Formula One version. Basically, looking down
on it, a capital I with serifs. A board for a main body, and two
cross-boards for axles. The rear axle was nailed in place, and the
front axle was attached by a single bolt so it would pivot. The wheels
were attached to the ends of the axles. Steering was accomplished by
pushing with one foot or the other and causing the front board-axle to
pivot. Braking was accomplished by friction....cloth or skin dragged
against the ground. It was far better to drag skin than cloth. Skin
eventually healed on its own, but cloth had to be patched by mothers,
and that required telling mothers that cloth needed patching.

My hometown was not particularly hilly. So, in order to achieve a speed
close enough to be dangerous (why bother if it wasn't dangerous?), we
needed an outside factor. An engine, so to speak. We tried to persuade
fathers and older brothers to tow us behind automobiles. Fathers and
older brothers were generally quite willing in principle, but they were
afraid of the danger involved. Not to us, of course, but the danger of
mothers finding out.

Streetcars (trolleys, to you) were considered, but the wily streetcar
designers did not provide things to attach ropes to on the back of
streetcars. Dogs were most unreliable and just tended to sit and lick
their private parts. The best we ended up with was the slingshot effect
of being towed on the gentle hills of Indianapolis streets by other kids
who would stop after a few panting yards and literally hurl the
conveyance forward.

Years later, when I saw "Bullit" with Steve McQueen, the first thing I
thought of was how wonderful it would be for a kid to live in a town
with streets like that.

--
Tony Cooper aka: Tony_Co...@Yahoo.com
Provider of Jots & Tittles

Say about ten years old. It was essentially

Charles Riggs

unread,
Sep 22, 2002, 2:23:24 AM9/22/02
to
On 21 Sep 2002 06:41:26 GMT, Peter Moylan
<pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote:


>It seems to me that you would be best off living with the gaps.

That has been my conclusion so far. I don't think my teeth have been
getting much worse over the past 12 years, and our little Chinese
doctor on James Street, good as they say he is, charges a lot more for
dentures than what they'd likely be worth to me.

>Besides, the tough steaks will help keep the gums healthy.

True. I knew a fellow in Bangor who hadn't had any teeth for years. He
used to tell us that even corn on the cob gave him no trouble.

Charles

bill

unread,
Sep 22, 2002, 4:44:35 PM9/22/02
to

"Tony Cooper" <tony_co...@yahoo.com> wrote in message
news:amjce4$6b5tj$1...@ID-113505.news.dfncis.de...

>
Moylan wrote:
> >
> > [snip]
> >
> > > I've never heard of a relationship between a billy and a bong
> before.

>


> You don't do billabong puns? I thought Ozzies laked puns.
>

Yeah. Pack bill a bong.

> The trick to a really good pun is that the pun has to be somewhere
> between too obvious and too obscure.

bill


bill

unread,
Sep 22, 2002, 4:44:36 PM9/22/02
to

"Peter Moylan" <pe...@PJM2.newcastle.edu.au> wrote in message
news:amj1lf$559$2...@seagoon.newcastle.edu.au...

>[...]


>
> Billycarts, now: I'm sure they must exist in most countries, perhaps
> under another name.

Trolley, in NZ


David Squire

unread,
Sep 22, 2002, 8:39:14 PM9/22/02
to
Tony Cooper wrote:

> "David Squire" <David....@csse.monash.edu.au> wrote in message
> news:3D8D18C7...@csse.monash.edu.au...
> > Peter Moylan wrote:
> >
> > [snip]
> >
> > > I've never heard of a relationship between a billy and a bong
> before.
> > > Maybe your bong is different from ours.
> >
> > I think not (unless they are special in Newcastle). I have heard
> "billy" for
> > "bong" in both Melbourne and Perth... and perhaps elsewhere.
>
> You don't do billabong puns? I thought Ozzies laked puns.

I wonder if it's a pondian thing?

Cheers,

D.

John Ramsay

unread,
Sep 23, 2002, 1:47:33 AM9/23/02
to

Anno Siegel wrote:

> According to John Ramsay <jra...@mergetel.com>:
> > Anno Siegel wrote:
> > > According to Einde O'Callaghan <einde.oc...@planet-interkom.de>:
>
> [prehistoric parts of thread snipped]
>
> > > > But decade (pronounced "dekade") does. So the point is valid, even if
> > > > the example isn't.
> > >
> > > Sorry, no again. "Deca..." meaning ten is from Greek "deka", and again
> > > the pronunciation of modern c is like that of ancient kappa.
> > >
> > > I don't doubt that foreign words undergo changes to adapt them to their
> > > English environment, but the difference in pronunciation of c in "deci"
> > > and "deka" is not an example. The rules that govern pronunciation of
> > > c according to the following vowel are largely the same in English and
> > > Romance languages, including Latin.
> > >
> > > Anno
> >
> > But 'dec-' was probably received into English from Latin, either
> > classical or ecclesiastic.
>
> Some, even most "dec-"s with the meaning of ten do, but the ones followed
> by "a" tend to be from Greek.
>

I think we are talking at crosspurposes here.

The question was why does English use
a hard c with deca-, a soft with deci-.

Doesn't matter where or when the word was borrowed,
English modifies the pronunciation.

If borrowed from ecclesiastical Latin after the Roman
hard 'c' had become 'ch' English still goes with
hard c before a, o, u and soft c before e or i.

Dekent or dechent are not euphonious in English.

Mike Lyle

unread,
Sep 25, 2002, 5:41:36 AM9/25/02
to
David Squire <David....@csse.monash.edu.au> wrote in message news:<3D8E62B2...@csse.monash.edu.au>...

Don't lead us into a backwater.
Mike.

David Squire

unread,
Sep 25, 2002, 6:22:01 AM9/25/02
to
Mike Lyle wrote:

Dam!

Cheers,

D.


Mike Lyle

unread,
Sep 25, 2002, 12:22:50 PM9/25/02
to
David Squire <David....@csse.monash.edu.au> wrote in message news:<3D918E48...@csse.monash.edu.au>...
I was expecting a barrage of puns.
Mike.

ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu

unread,
Dec 29, 2017, 2:09:45 PM12/29/17
to
On Tuesday, September 17, 2002 at 3:24:49 PM UTC-7, dd709394 wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> Kindly adv. the exact word for the followings as I was asked by my son this
> afternoon and I was stuck
>
> When we say :
>
> "2 times more" = double
> "3 times more" = treble
>
> So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
> information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy
>
>
> Best Regards
>
> dd

ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu

unread,
Dec 29, 2017, 2:10:19 PM12/29/17
to

Joy Beeson

unread,
Dec 29, 2017, 11:07:03 PM12/29/17
to
On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 11:09:40 -0800 (PST), ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu
wrote:

> "2 times more" = double
> > "3 times more" = treble
> >
> > So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
> > information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy
> >


4X: quadruple
5X: quintuple
6X: sextuple
7X: heptuple
8X: octuple

Words above "quadruple" are almost never used, and I don't stand
behind my spelling of anything above sextuple.

You can look up the name of a polygon with the desired number of sides
and make up a word that will be recognizable.

--
Joy Beeson, U.S.A., mostly central Hoosier,
some Northern Indiana, Upstate New York, Florida, and Hawaii
joy beeson at comcast dot net http://wlweather.net/PAGEJOY/
The above message is a Usenet post.
I don't recall having given anyone permission to use it on a Web site.


Peter T. Daniels

unread,
Dec 29, 2017, 11:32:28 PM12/29/17
to
On Friday, December 29, 2017 at 11:07:03 PM UTC-5, Joy Beeson wrote:
> On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 11:09:40 -0800 (PST), ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu
> wrote:
>
> > "2 times more" = double
> > > "3 times more" = treble
> > >
> > > So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
> > > information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy
> > >
>
>
> 4X: quadruple
> 5X: quintuple
> 6X: sextuple
> 7X: heptuple

septuple, Shirley -- all the others are Latinate.

Peter Moylan

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 12:16:18 AM12/30/17
to
On 30/12/17 06:10, ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu wrote:
> On Tuesday, September 17, 2002 at 3:24:49 PM UTC-7, dd709394 wrote:
>> Dear all,
>>
>> Kindly adv. the exact word for the followings as I was asked by my son this
>> afternoon and I was stuck
>>
>> When we say :
>>
>> "2 times more" = double
>> "3 times more" = treble

Since someone has taken the trouble to reopen this ancient discussion,
I'll take the opportunity to say that I completely disagree with the
last two lines I've quoted. My version is

"1 time more" = "twice as many" = double
"2 times more" = "3 times as many" = treble

and so on.

Let's suppose that a breakfast cereal maker came out with a new larger
package size. An honest advertiser could say "Now contains 20% more";
but an advertiser who thinks that "two times more" means double would
presumably phrase this as "Now contains 120% more".

--
Peter Moylan http://www.pmoylan.org
Newcastle, NSW, Australia

GordonD

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 5:13:23 AM12/30/17
to
On 30/12/2017 03:06, Joy Beeson wrote:
> On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 11:09:40 -0800 (PST),
> ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu wrote:
>
>> "2 times more" = double
>>> "3 times more" = treble
>>>
>>> So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I
>>> can find the information as I've checked with my dictionary and
>>> came out with no joy
>>>
>
>
> 4X: quadruple 5X: quintuple 6X: sextuple 7X: heptuple 8X:
> octuple
>
> Words above "quadruple" are almost never used,

The only instance I can think of is in the case of multiple births.
(ObAUE - in the UK five babies born at the same time are called 'quins'
but in the US I believe they would be called 'quints'. Am I right?)

--
Gordon Davie
Edinburgh, Scotland

Peter Duncanson [BrE]

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 6:00:34 AM12/30/17
to
On Sat, 30 Dec 2017 10:13:19 +0000, GordonD <g.d...@btinternet.com>
wrote:
North America.

OED:

quint, n.4

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon:
quintuplet n.

Etymology: Shortened < quintuplet n. Compare quin n.2
The shortened form was coined with reference to the Dionne sisters
(born 28 May 1934 in Corbeil, Ontario), the first quintuplets known
to survive infancy; they lived (1936–43) in a nursery developed as a
tourist attraction known as Quintland.

N. Amer.
= quintuplet n. 2.

1934 Chicago Tribune 1 June 1/4 (headline) Doctor vetoes plan
to show ‘quints’ at fair.
1979 Internat. Herald Tribune 29 May 24/7 She had overcome the
traumas..and the sorrows that plagued the quints in younger years.
1984 E. Friedrich & C. Rowland Parents' Guide to raising Twins
iii. 58 Occasionally, undiagnosed quads or quints are born
vaginally—otherwise they are usually born by cesarean.
2004 Wisconsin State Jrnl. (Nexis) 14 Dec. a1 Zookeepers will
wait for spring before putting the quint cubs outside for public
viewing.

--
Peter Duncanson, UK
(in alt.usage.english)

Whiskers

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 1:05:17 PM12/30/17
to
I like the less posh '-fold' approach; four-fold, five-fold, six-fold,
etc.

--
-- ^^^^^^^^^^
-- Whiskers
-- ~~~~~~~~~~

Janet

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 4:04:27 PM12/30/17
to
In article <48561528-d597-48a6...@googlegroups.com>,
gram...@verizon.net says...
> Newsgroups: alt.usage.english
> Date: Fri, 29 Dec 2017 20:32:25 -0800 (PST)
> Subject: Re: Help on English word for 4X, 5X, 6X....
> From: Peter T. Daniels <gram...@verizon.net>
>
> On Friday, December 29, 2017 at 11:07:03 PM UTC-5, Joy Beeson wrote:
> > On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 11:09:40 -0800 (PST), ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu
> > wrote:
> >
> > > "2 times more" = double
> > > > "3 times more" = treble
> > > >
> > > > So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I can find the
> > > > information as I've checked with my dictionary and came out with no joy
> > > >
> >
> >
> > 4X: quadruple
> > 5X: quintuple
> > 6X: sextuple
> > 7X: heptuple
>
> septuple, Shirley -- all the others are Latinate.
>
> > 8X: octuple
> >
> > Words above "quadruple" are almost never used, and I don't stand
> > behind my spelling of anything above sextuple.
>

Use in terms for multiple births.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_births

Janet

Janet

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 4:06:27 PM12/30/17
to
In article <fap75v...@mid.individual.net>, g.d...@btinternet.com
says...
"quins" is short for quintuplets.

Janet

Joy Beeson

unread,
Dec 30, 2017, 11:12:46 PM12/30/17
to
On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 20:32:25 -0800 (PST), "Peter T. Daniels"
<gram...@verizon.net> wrote:

> septuple, Shirley -- all the others are Latinate.

Sounds right.

Snidely

unread,
Dec 31, 2017, 1:07:30 AM12/31/17
to
Janet formulated the question :
So is "quints", such as the Dionne set (1934). According to Whippet
Peaty, Uh, Annette and Cécile are still alive.

/dps

--
"That's a good sort of hectic, innit?"

" Very much so, and I'd recommend the haggis wontons."
-njm

Peter T. Daniels

unread,
Dec 31, 2017, 8:38:00 AM12/31/17
to
On Sunday, December 31, 2017 at 1:07:30 AM UTC-5, Snidely wrote:
> Janet formulated the question :
> > In article <fap75v...@mid.individual.net>, g.d...@btinternet.com
> > says...
> >> On 30/12/2017 03:06, Joy Beeson wrote:
> >>> On Fri, 29 Dec 2017 11:09:40 -0800 (PST),
> >>> ccaniza...@damien-hs.edu wrote:

> >>>> "2 times more" = double
> >>>>> "3 times more" = treble
> >>>>> So how about 4X, 5X, 6X, 7X, ......etc or kindly advise where I
> >>>>> can find the information as I've checked with my dictionary and
> >>>>> came out with no joy
> >>> 4X: quadruple 5X: quintuple 6X: sextuple 7X: heptuple

septuple

> 8X:
> >>> octuple
> >>> Words above "quadruple" are almost never used,
> >> The only instance I can think of is in the case of multiple births.
> >> (ObAUE - in the UK five babies born at the same time are called 'quins'
> >> but in the US I believe they would be called 'quints'. Am I right?)
> > "quins" is short for quintuplets.
>
> So is "quints", such as the Dionne set (1934). According to Whippet
> Peaty, Uh, Annette and Cécile are still alive.

It's a plain ol' Pondian difference. Over Here, where they're from, they're quints. Over
There, they've been deprived of their fifth letter. Karma?

Do they also say "quas" for quads? "tris" for triplets? (Even in figure skating, triples are
so commonplace they don't bother to truncate the word.)

Athel Cornish-Bowden

unread,
Jan 2, 2018, 5:45:18 AM1/2/18
to
On 2017-12-31 06:07:23 +0000, Snidely said:

> Whippet Peaty

Who (s)he?


--
athel

Athel Cornish-Bowden

unread,
Jan 2, 2018, 5:54:46 AM1/2/18
to
On 2018-01-02 10:45:14 +0000, Athel Cornish-Bowden said:

> On 2017-12-31 06:07:23 +0000, Snidely said:
>
>> Whippet Peaty
>
> Who (s)he?

OK, I know! (In British English we would pronounce the t in Peaty as a
t, so it took longer for the penny to drop.)

It says the name is pronounced [d͡zjɔn], which doesn't seem right to
me: I would expect [djɔn], but of course this is Canadian French, so
maybe it's different. I expect in England in my youth it was pronounced
['dɪjɔn], with the stress on a syllable that isn't there, as with Lyon.


--
athel

Athel Cornish-Bowden

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Jan 2, 2018, 6:10:02 AM1/2/18
to
+1


--
athel

Quinn C

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Jan 4, 2018, 12:39:16 PM1/4/18
to
* Athel Cornish-Bowden:

> On 2018-01-02 10:45:14 +0000, Athel Cornish-Bowden said:
>
>> On 2017-12-31 06:07:23 +0000, Snidely said:
>>
>>> Whippet Peaty
>>
>> Who (s)he?
>
> OK, I know! (In British English we would pronounce the t in Peaty as a
> t, so it took longer for the penny to drop.)
>
> It says the name is pronounced [d͡zjɔn], which doesn't seem right to
> me: I would expect [djɔn], but of course this is Canadian French, so
> maybe it's different.

I can't speak for all Canadian French, but one of the
characteristics of Quebec French is indeed the affricatization of
"di/ti" and "du/tu", e.g. [d͡zis] (10), [d͡zylɛ] (du lait).

> I expect in England in my youth it was pronounced
> ['dɪjɔn], with the stress on a syllable that isn't there, as with Lyon.

In German, I'd say [di'ɔn], with the extra syllable, but no stress
on it.

--
If you kill one person, you go to jail; if you kill 20, you go
to an institution for the insane; if you kill 20,000, you get
political asylum. -- Reed Brody, special counsel
for prosecutions at Human Rights Watch
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