Officially people held in the camp were political prisoners and German
nationals, but most of them were civilians - both German and Polish,
including women and children. Up to 1,695 people (out of 6,000 inmates who
had passed through the camp during this period) died there, most during a
typhoid outbreak, the circumstances of which were never properly
investigated. Morel has been accused of causing these deaths by deliberately
starving, systematically torturing and mistreating prisoners, and failing to
maintain sanitary conditions.
In 1992, he fled to Israel after these accusations began to be publicized in
the Polish media. He has refused to return to Poland where he is accused of
war crimes and crimes against humanity. Israel has rejected several Polish
requests for extradition, the last one in July 2005.
Morel was the son of a baker. As the family business turned sour, he moved
to live with his aunt in Lódz where he worked as a salesman. After the war
started he returned to live with his parents. He hid along with his family
when the war broke out in order to avoid being deported to a ghetto. During
the war, he and his family were hidden by Józef Tkaczyk. In 1983 Józef
Tkaczyk was designated as one of the "Righteous Among the Nations" by Yad
Vashem in thanks for saving Morel's life. At this point, there are somewhat
divergent accounts of Morel's activities. According to the Polish IPN, in
charge of prosecuting war criminals and the initiator of the extradition
request, at the beginning of 1942 he and his brother organised a criminal
band and robbed local people. Their criminal activity ended when during one
of their robberies they were captured by members of the Communist Polish
People's Army. According to the IPN, to avoid punishment Morel placed all
the blame on his brother, and then joined the Communist partisans, where he
worked as a janitor and a guide through the forests[1]. The Israeli letter
rejecting extradition states that Morel joined the partisans of the Red Army
in 1942, and was in the forests when his parents, sister-in-law, and brother
were killed by Polish Blue Police officers. The next year, his brother was
killed by a Polish fascist. According to a number of sources, including the
Montreal Gazette and the British Telegraph, Morel himself was at one point
an inmate in Auschwitz, and over 30 of his relatives were killed in the
Holocaust, though this is not listed in the IPN report. (Montreal Gazette,
January 2, 2005, p A8)
[edit] Zgoda camp
Zgoda camp was set up by the Soviet NKVD, the forerunner of the KGB, after
the Red Army's 'liberation' of southern Poland. The camp was later handed
over to the Communist Polish secret service, the notorious Urzad
Bezpieczenstwa. On March 15, 1945, Morel became a chief of the labor camp.
According to Jonathan Sack: "On the first night at Swietochlowice, when the
first contingent of Germans arrived, at about 10 o'clock at night he walked
into one of the barracks and he said to the Germans, 'My name is Morel. I am
a Jew. My mother and father, my family, I think they're all dead, and I
swore that if I got out alive, I was going to get back at you Nazis. And now
you're going to pay for what you did.'"
Current research shows that 1,695 prisoners died due to the epidemic of
dysentery, typhus and typhoid fever which resulted from hunger and bad
sanitary conditions in the camp, and that Morel not only did nothing to
prevent the spread of their diseases but in fact created conditions to
facilitate their spread. He is charged with creating unbearable life
conditions threatening of biological annihilation, specifically starvation,
torture and physical and psychological abuse. As early as 1945 Salomon Morel's
superiors from the Ministry of Public Security - Prison System Department
affirmed his responsibility for the spread of epidemics and penalized him by
placing him under house arrest for three days.
[edit] Extradition controversy
In 1998, an extradition request for Morel was rejected by Israel. A reply
sent to the Polish Justice Ministry from Israeli authorities said that
Israel would not extradite Mr Morel as the statute of limitations had
expired on the crimes against humanity and war crimes. In April 2004, Poland
filed another extradition order against Morel, this time with fresh
evidence, upgrading the case to "crimes against humanity." In July 2005 this
request was again formally refused. The response rejected the more serious
charges as being false, and again rejected extradition on the grounds that
the statute of limitations against Morel had run out, and that Morel was in
bad health. Ewa Koj, a prosecutor with the Polish government-run Institute
of National Remembrance, criticized the decision saying:
How can a statute of limitations run out on crimes against humanity? There
should be one measure for judging war criminals, irrespective whether they
are German, Israeli, or any other nationality.[2] .
The IPN prosecutor also said that the case could not be "swept under the
carpet" and added: The Israelis are extremely efficient in pursuing people
they have accused of such crimes - and they must accept that other nations
want to do the same.
Morel himself states that he is innocent of any wrongdoing, dismissing the
allegations as an "anti-semitic plot".
http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_swietoch_sm.html
http://www.ipn.gov.pl/eng/eng_news_high_morel.html