Norway Leads Industrial Nations Back to Breast-Feeding
By LIZETTE ALVAREZ
SLO — Norway has revolutionized a woman's right to breast-feed.
Mothers breast-feed when and where they want: buses, parks, cafes, stores.
With rare exceptions, none leave
the hospital without breast-feeding or dare ask for infant formula as a
substitute. For trouble at home, the phone book
obligingly lists a company called Breast-Feeding Help.
Working mothers also get a break: two hours off a day to breast-feed their
child at home or in the office. Breast-feeding
at the desk is not off limits.
While many countries, including the United States and Britain, still struggle
to convince ambivalent mothers, Norway
and its neighbor Sweden have overwhelmingly succeeded in promoting the benefits
of breast milk.
Today, more than three decades after bottle feeding peaked in the late 1960's,
99 percent of mothers here nurse their
newborns in the hospital. Six months later, 80 percent are still nursing, a
rate that compares with 20 percent in Britain
and 32 percent in the United States, which are viewed as bottle-feeding
cultures.
"You are expected to breast-feed here," said Kristine Fossheim, 31, a Norwegian
nurse who is taking a one-year
maternity leave to care for her 10-month-old son, Erik. "There is a real focus
on it from everybody."
"Women who are not able to are very, very sad," she added. "They feel like
failures if they cannot breast-feed."
Studies have shown that babies who are breast-fed are generally healthier,
suffering fewer colds, ear infections and
stomach distress than babies who are given only infant formula. Some studies
have also linked breast milk to higher
I.Q.'s.
While doctors encourage mothers to breast-feed in America, practical
considerations sometimes win out. Short
maternity leaves and hectic schedules do not always make it easy for mothers to
begin nursing.
American mothers do not feel the same intense peer pressure that Norwegian
mothers feel to breast-feed. Nursing
babies may benefit more from breast milk, but at the end of the day,
formula-fed babies also thrive, American mothers
say.
An income gap also exists. The wealthier and better educated the mother, the
more likely she will nurse. Compared
with the United States and Britain, Norway is relatively homogeneous.
Formula, so abundant in the United States, seems almost illicit here. In
American hospitals, mothers are given formula
samples on their way out the door. Here it is conspicuously absent from
hospitals, and advertising it is banned.
Supermarkets offer limited stock because demand is so low. There are few baby
bottle decorations or baby bottle
designs on shower invitations.
Norway succeeded in part because the challenge was manageable: with a small
population, there are some 50,000
births a year. It is also socially progressive, relatively educated and
wealthy. But over a span of 35 years it has become
a role model for how to swap bottles for breasts.
The turnaround began in 1970, with a grass-roots campaign started by one
Norwegian mother, Elisabet Helsing.
At the time, women in Norway were no different from the rest of the Western
world when it came to feeding their babies.
Bottle feeding was not only modern and hip, it was also heavily promoted by
formula companies and doctors. Millions of
women in Norway, and all over the Westernized world, abandoned breast-feeding.
"The whole aspect of nurturing was just removed from the breast," said Mary
Lofton, a spokeswoman for La Leche
League, the first organization in the United States to promote nursing.
"Breast-feeding was a real drag. And if you
wanted to do it, it was quite a heroic act on your part."
Ms. Helsing, though, said she was convinced that breast milk was better than
formula. After getting her hands on a book
written by La Leche, she wrote her own light-hearted book on nursing in 1970.
Then she walked into the Health Ministry
and asked an official whether she could print up a pamphlet.
That official, pregnant with her fourth child, turned out to be Gro Harlem
Brundtland, who became prime minister in the
1980's and 1990's. "She had just taken a master's degree at Harvard, and her
subject had been the decline in
breast-feeding," Ms. Helsing said with a laugh. "She said O.K."
That led to the creation of a number of mother-to-mother groups, which stoked
national interest in nursing. The mothers
lobbied the government to help reverse the trend in bottle feeding. Before
long, leaflets were distributed, mothers'
groups secured financing and hospital staffs received training, all done with
the kind of zeal Nordic countries love to
muster.
"It's viewed as the modern way of feeding now," said Anne Baerug, the project
leader for Norway's National
Breast-Feeding Center. "It's something that is part of being a mother. It's
trendy, good and positive."
The 1990's saw the introduction of "baby friendly" hospitals. Babies were left
in the same hospital rooms as their
mothers. They were fed, not on schedule, but when they wanted. Women, whose own
mothers knew little about
breast-feeding, were encouraged and taught how to nurse. Problem cases got
extra help.
In Britain, for example, hospitals and midwives are still fighting for proper
instruction in breast-feeding techniques,
something that contributes to the country's low success rate.
Two other factors have also been crucial to Norway's success. Mothers receive
10-month maternity leaves at full pay or
12-month leaves at 80 percent pay. And infant formula is used only as an
exception to the rule.
The long maternity leave makes it more practical to nurse. Many women in the
United States, where maternity leaves
are often no longer than four to six weeks, still feel too uncomfortable or
harried to pump milk at work. Sometimes it is
simply impractical.
Norwegian mothers say everything about the culture compels them to breast-feed.
"Everybody in the hospital is focused
on it," said Nora Brinchmann, 31, who was attending a mothers' group at a baby
clinic. "Everybody talks about it.
Everybody else breast-feeds."
Hedvig Nordeng, 31, mother of 9-month-old Elias, said from her usual
breast-feeding outpost in an Oslo cafe: "When a
new recommendation comes out, people tend to follow it. In France, people try
to find a way around them. We are quite
obedient, I think."
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--
~~Geri~~
"It's Football Saturday at Memorial Stadium and 'There's No Place Like
Nebraska!!'"
www.nocartax.com
www.saveourlicense.com
>October 21, 2003
>
>Norway Leads Industrial Nations Back to Breast-Feeding
>
Stop it Geri, because you're just freaking me out now!
So are you really converted, or are you just messing with our heads?
Anne
Mwa-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha! You'll never know ...
Actually I am on an e-mail list from one of the teachers at my program and she
sent that out. If you guys are interested, I will send them along to you.
Here, I will unfreak you ... the more people breastfeed, the less of my tax
dollars will be needed for WIC, sick kids, etc. ;-)
>>So are you really converted, or are you just messing with our heads?
>
>Mwa-ha-ha-ha-ha-ha! You'll never know ...
>
>Actually I am on an e-mail list from one of the teachers at my program and she
>sent that out. If you guys are interested, I will send them along to you.
>
I'm always interested.
>Here, I will unfreak you ... the more people breastfeed, the less of my tax
>dollars will be needed for WIC, sick kids, etc. ;-)
Nope, nope, that's just not doing it for me. Too much of an underlying
trust in the benefits of breastfeeding... I'm a-skeered Weezer, I'm
a-skeered...
Anne
I'm interested!! I'm pregnant with twins and due in January...and quite
frankly, I'm starting to freak out!! I've checked out self help books last
week...on bf'ing twins. Any recommendations on literature or articles? How
about from you, Jennifer, since you are a mom of twins? (If you're still
talking to me...rofl)
Angie
> >
>
> I'm interested!! I'm pregnant with twins and due in January...and quite
> frankly, I'm starting to freak out!! I've checked out self help books last
> week...on bf'ing twins. Any recommendations on literature or articles? How
> about from you, Jennifer, since you are a mom of twins? (If you're still
> talking to me...rofl)
If you're not subscribed to alt.parenting.twins-triplets (I think that's
the group), I've heard good things about it.
There are a couple of current and former tandem nursers of twins or
pairs of singletons in misc.kids.breastfeeding. If you post there or in
misc.kids.pregnancy (or in misc.kids, though that group has a more
confrontational tone), you should get some useful, informed followups.
(And Kim may pop in to this thread.)
Okay, thanks Kathy! I'm sure that would be helpful. Fixing to suscribe to it
right now....I need all the help I can get! lol
>
> There are a couple of current and former tandem nursers of twins or
> pairs of singletons in misc.kids.breastfeeding. If you post there or in
> misc.kids.pregnancy (or in misc.kids, though that group has a more
> confrontational tone), you should get some useful, informed followups.
Lord knows I don't need any confrontations...I'm nervous about this whole
pregnancy with twins thing as it is!!
Angie
Hi Angie - The Womanly Art of Breastfeeding by the La Leche League is a
great book and also try Bestfeeding by Chloe Fisher as a great reference.
There's also lots of stuff on the web put breastfeeding+twins into any
search engine, I used google (co.uk) and found lots of links to la leche's
web site, and other twin specific support groups etc.
Such as
http://www.lalecheleague.org/FAQ/twins.html
http://www.askdrsears.com/html/2/T026200.asp
Also I would recommend that you check out breastfeeding counsellors in your
area prior to the birth - both paid lactation consultants and voluntary
helpers. Preferably meet with them while you are still pregnant, so that you
know who you are calling on should you have a problem, and also they may put
you in touch with local support groups.
Are there any specific worries or issues that you have? If there are, feel
free to post or email them to me I'd be happy to help.
Good luck!
Nikki
Thanks Geri, most useful. I think I've cited Norway in some of our
discussions before.
This article is good because it really points out where America and England
go wrong. We say 'breast is best' (ugh) when actually, what is being done to
actually empower women to breastfeed? Very little in comparison with
Norwegian culture.
THIS is why I don't allow Kiera to keep bottles she gets with her baby (and
try finding one without). I don't buy anything with bottles on it, I refuse
to encourage the culture in any way. I get annoyed (and often complain) when
the Mother's Room features a bottle symbol (when a baby symbol is just as
easy if not more obvious, they're for general baby usage, not just
feeding!). It's not because these things are evil, it's because they do
encourage our society to remain a predominantly bottle culture.
I know I found the international aspect of my course very interesting as it
really shows you another perspective. Have you looked much yet at the WHO
code and how that all happened? Sounds like you're enjoying the course and
finding it informative, which is great.
Nikki
I don't have much to offer viz nursing twins. I think tandem nursing
an infant and a 2 yr old is a whole 'nother kettle of fish.
I'll be able to help Anne, though, when she's still nursing Victoria
and the newbie.
-k.
*smack* ROFL... :-) You do realize we're in a secret group of our own now,
right Angie? ;-)~ Okay, now I know I already suggested you check out
alt.support.twins-triplets, but I really mean it...they will give you so
much information! There are moms and dads there of twins, triplets, and
quads IIRC. I miss them *sniff* but I got to the point where I'd forgotten
what it was like to have baby twins, lol.
And then of course:
I have just learned I am pregnant with twins. What do I need to know to
breastfeed under these circumstances?
There is a good deal you can do while you are pregnant to make things easier
for you later. Before your babies arrive is a good time to learn as much as
you can about breastfeeding. There are some very helpful books in the LLLI
catalogue for mothers of multiples. Having Twins, by Elizabeth Nobles and
Mothering Multiples: Breastfeeding and Caring for Twins or More! by Karen
Kerkhoff Gromada are two books that address the special joys and challenges
of having (an breastfeeding) more than one baby. You will also find a great
deal of information and helpful suggestions in THE WOMANLY ART OF
BREASTFEEDING. To visit the LLLI online catalogue, please go to
http://www.lalecheleague.org/catalog.html
>I don't have much to offer viz nursing twins. I think tandem nursing
>an infant and a 2 yr old is a whole 'nother kettle of fish.
>
>I'll be able to help Anne, though, when she's still nursing Victoria
>and the newbie.
Sorry dude, I'm heartless. I weaned Victoria the day the stick turned
pink.
Anne
How did it go?
Was it easy or no?
Just curious.
shay
I knew she was gonna smack me.....lol
Angie
Just ordered two books! Thanks!! :-)
Angie
> >
> >
>
>
N
"Angie Reynolds" <j3...@sat-co.net> wrote in message
news:33Hlb.103$ah7.3...@typhoon.cei.net...
Thanks Nikki! I checked out the website last night and ordered two books
from LLL.
> Also I would recommend that you check out breastfeeding counsellors in
your
> area prior to the birth - both paid lactation consultants and voluntary
> helpers. Preferably meet with them while you are still pregnant, so that
you
> know who you are calling on should you have a problem, and also they may
put
> you in touch with local support groups.
I did try and check out a bf'ing counselor, but the nearest one is 2 1/2
hours away. Our town is VERY small...maybe 500 people in this entire
community. We have just regular nurses at the nearest hospital who help
right after you have the baby, so that is no help. I'm still researching
though, and hopefully I'll find a support group nearby. If not, I'll just
stick to the ones online and books and friends' advice!
>
> Are there any specific worries or issues that you have? If there are, feel
> free to post or email them to me I'd be happy to help.
Well I had alot of them but I found the answers to alot of the questions I
had on the website and if I don't get all my answers from my books, I will
definitely ask!!
>
> Good luck!
Thanks so much!!
Angie
> Nikki
>
>
Huh? No...I don't. I don't even know what that means. A few days ago is when
I first heard the word "killfile". I'm still kinda new and don't know all
the terms just YET. But I'm learning.
Angie
> Angie
Angie, way back when when I needed La Leche League, I never went to a
meeting. They had telephone counselors; maybe that would be good in your
case.
Karen
That sounds like what I'll have to end up doing. I'm coming up with nothing
locally. Thanks!! :-)
Angie
>
>
Nikki's the queen of lactation. She is incredibly supportive and helpful and
will fax you diagrams from England. It makes me feel so important when she
faxes me things from "abroad." It's like a message from the Big Giant Head.
She posted books and websites for you. You didn't answer her.
On the BF support issue, there is a wealth of it right here. Kim, Anne, Shay,
and now Geri, who's going at it with the zeal of a recent convert.
jane
I don't think I'll need diagrams...a detailed description is enough.....I
think I know what part of my boobies is what....rofl
> It makes me feel so important when she
> faxes me things from "abroad." It's like a message from the Big Giant
Head.
lmao
>
> She posted books and websites for you. You didn't answer her.
I know, I'm sorry. I was so worn out last night and half asleep, I just
kinda skimmed through the posts and replies real fast. I saved them for this
morning and I read everything slower and replied to the posts I wanted to
since I was more clear headed and had more time. if anyone ever posts a
reply to me and I don't answer immediately, don't worry, I will answer
EVENTUALLY! lol I answered Nikki and told her thank you before I got to her
"Did you killfile me?" post lol Sorry Nikki! :-)
Angie
Snort!
She is incredibly supportive and helpful and
> will fax you diagrams from England. It makes me feel so important when
she
> faxes me things from "abroad." It's like a message from the Big Giant
Head.
Double snort.
>
> She posted books and websites for you. You didn't answer her.
Oh she did now and I feel silly. Maybe when I'm in my thirties I'll get over
my rejection bullshit.
>
> On the BF support issue, there is a wealth of it right here. Kim, Anne,
Shay,
> and now Geri, who's going at it with the zeal of a recent convert.
<Cue Monica from Friends> I KNOW!!</cue>
Nikki
>
> jane
>Angie, way back when when I needed La Leche League, I never went to a
>meeting. They had telephone counselors; maybe that would be good in your
>case.
>
The LLL counselor came to my house after Victoria was born, I got her
name right off teh webiste.
Annte
>I'm interested!! I'm pregnant with twins and due in January...and quite
>frankly, I'm starting to freak out!! I've checked out self help books last
>week...on bf'ing twins. Any recommendations on literature or articles? How
>about from you, Jennifer, since you are a mom of twins? (If you're still
>talking to me...rofl)
Angie, is these your first children? GET SOME GEL PACKS AND PUT THEM
IN THE FRIDGE.
Chances are that even if you do *everything* right, your nipples are
going to be tender (read: hurt like a motherfucker, bruise up, and
maybe even bleed) during the first couple of days until you get the
whole latch process down. Slap a cold gel pack on those bad bears the
second the baby's off. And alternate, alternate, alternate. I did a
full feed on one side, then a full feed on the next side, from the
time the baby was a few hours old. Now, with twins, you won't be able
to do that. But try to remember which twin had which side. Not each
time, but make sure one twin isn't getting the same breast all the
time. Because they'll have different sucking habits and different
appetites, and seriously it can really give your breasts a break if
you feed the "easy" twin on whichever side is the problem side.
And yes, there will be a problem side.
Anne
No, it's not my first bio child. I had a little girl back in '94 and she
died waiting for a kidney transplant in the middle of '97. I just elaborated
in case people wondered why I didn't talk about a bio child in my posts and
just my SS's. Breastfeeding with her was pretty easy. I had no problems with
her.
>
> Chances are that even if you do *everything* right, your nipples are
> going to be tender (read: hurt like a motherfucker, bruise up, and
> maybe even bleed) during the first couple of days until you get the
> whole latch process down. Slap a cold gel pack on those bad bears the
> second the baby's off. And alternate, alternate, alternate. I did a
> full feed on one side, then a full feed on the next side, from the
> time the baby was a few hours old. Now, with twins, you won't be able
> to do that. But try to remember which twin had which side. Not each
> time, but make sure one twin isn't getting the same breast all the
> time. Because they'll have different sucking habits and different
> appetites, and seriously it can really give your breasts a break if
> you feed the "easy" twin on whichever side is the problem side.
ROFL at you....Awww DAMN Anne, now you got me all nervous and dreading it
even more than ever!
>
> And yes, there will be a problem side.
No shit??? Since you elaborated on that, I would think SO! rofl...<looks
down at her boobies>
Oh dear...... Ummm...thanks...I think, anne...LOL :-)
Angie
>
> Anne
>No, it's not my first bio child. I had a little girl back in '94 and she
>died waiting for a kidney transplant in the middle of '97. I just elaborated
>in case people wondered why I didn't talk about a bio child in my posts and
>just my SS's. Breastfeeding with her was pretty easy. I had no problems with
>her.
God, I just can't stop putting my foot in it on this! I'm so sorry
Angie, I honestly don't know how someone goes on after something like
that, if anything ever happened to one of my children I'd be curled up
in the fetal position for the rest of my life.
Anne
It's ok, Anne...the only reason I elaborated on it, like I said, was because
I didn't want people wondering why I don't talk about my bio child when I
just talk about my SS's. It's very hard for me, and still is tremendously
hard. I was in a serious depression for years, but then my DH helped me
through it more than anything. I dunno where I would be if it wasn't for
him. Honestly....it's ok. Don't beat yourself up about it. You aren't the
first and you won't be the last! :-)
Angie
>
> Anne
> No, it's not my first bio child. I had a little girl back in '94 and
> she died waiting for a kidney transplant in the middle of '97. I just
> elaborated in case people wondered why I didn't talk about a bio child
> in my posts and just my SS's. Breastfeeding with her was pretty easy.
> I had no problems with her.
I remember you talking about your daughter in misc.kids.pregnancy, don't
I? That's just devastating, and I'm so sorry.
Anyway, Anne's advice is right on the money. Hopefully, you'll have as
easy a time nursing these babies as with your daughter. But for me, I
do better to assume it's going to be difficult, do lots of prep work,
and then hopefully find it's easier than I'd prepared for so I can
relax, rather than assuming it'll be a piece of cake and then being
totally thrown when it's hard.
Hmmm...No, I haven't been to that group. I was trying to find some to deal
with that kind of stuff, but nothing matched my keywords. I do belong to a
group on MSN, if you had been there, after my miscarriage last year. It's
supposed to be support for miscarriages, but they do a little of both, so I
have gotten alot of help and advice for both my daughter and the miscarriage
I had last year. And thanks. :-)
>
> Anyway, Anne's advice is right on the money. Hopefully, you'll have as
> easy a time nursing these babies as with your daughter. But for me, I
> do better to assume it's going to be difficult, do lots of prep work,
> and then hopefully find it's easier than I'd prepared for so I can
> relax, rather than assuming it'll be a piece of cake and then being
> totally thrown when it's hard.
Yeah, I know. It's better to be prepared...I SO agree with that. I know
it'll be difficult, and frustrating at times. That's why I'm trying to
educate myself all I can on bf'ing twins )BEFORE I have them) and all
because people have told me that it is very different than bf'ing one baby.
Angie
If this happens, see if you can get someone to show you how to do the "deep
latch", which seems to alleviate some of this.
~~Geri~~
"It's Football Saturday at Memorial Stadium and 'There's No Place Like
Nebraska!!'"
www.nocartax.com
www.saveourlicense.com
my inlaws have just managed to go on....there's a definite hole, and it was
very much a heartbeat at a time for a while....
Jess