Re: New York polio patient, 20, left paralyzed was infected with the same strain detected in London and Jerusalem, researchers say: Virus is confirmed in Rockland County sewage water

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America’s first polio patient in nearly a decade was infected
with the same strain of the virus as was spotted in Jerusalem
and London earlier this year, researchers say.

Testing revealed the Jewish man in his 20s and from Rockland
County, New York — who was paralyzed by the disease — caught
type 2 vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPV), like that detected in
wastewater in the other nations.

It suggests there may be ‘multiple’ transmission chains of the
virus circulating globally, polio expert Dr Adam Ratner told
DailyMail.com.

Today New York City’s Department of Health confirmed the virus
had been detected in wastewater samples taken in Rockland County
in early June.

Health officials said this was a warning sign for anyone who has
not got vaccinated against polio, once the most feared disease
in America, to do so. Polio is more dangerous in children.

Testing at labs run by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
(GPEI) revealed that the New York patient had caught the same
strain identified this year.

Some countries — but not the U.S. — still use an oral poliovirus
vaccine. This uses a live form of the virus which, in rare
cases, can be passed on to others when recipients excrete it.
Over several infections it may then mutate to become like the
more dangerous ancestral strains.

GPEI officials said more analysis was underway to determine
where else in the world the virus may have spread to.

They said: ‘It is vital that all countries, particularly those
with a high volume of travel and contact with polio-affected
countries and areas, strengthen surveillance in order to rapidly
detect any new virus importation and to facilitate a rapid
response.’

The American polio patient revealed last month is a young Jewish
man who had not got the three-dose polio vaccine, reports
suggest.

He has since been discharged from hospital to a house he shares
with his wife and parents. But paralysis from the infection has
left him struggling to walk again.

It was not clear how he caught the virus but the man has not
recently traveled abroad, suggesting he likely picked it up from
another un-vaccinated individual.

Ratner, who is also the director of pediatric infectious
diseases at NYU Langone's Hassenfel Children's Hospital, warned
that based on the detections abroad: 'It is possible that each
of those was one chain where [infection] happened. But it is
also possible that there are multiple independent vaccine-
derived polios around.

'Although, in the U.S. this is unlikely because we don't use the
oral polio vaccine.'

Neither London or Jerusalem have confirmed a polio patient being
admitted to their hospitals so far. The U.S. is yet to detect a
second case.

But all three say they have detected the type 2 VDPV in their
wastewater within the last few months, suggesting it is
spreading in the community.

In Rockland county, the virus was detected in early June —
before the first case was reported.

But Ratner said this was 'not surprising' because it can take
weeks for someone with the virus to start suffering symptoms.

He added: 'I think it suggest many more people may have been
exposed to polio.

'There may be some number who were unvaccinated who came into
contact with it but didn't go on to develop paralytric polio.'

Polio is a viral infection which in serious cases can spread to
the spinal cord, triggering paralysis. About one in ten people
who suffer this die from the disease.

Most who catch polio do not display any symptoms of the virus,
but one in four will go on to develop flu-like symptoms
including a sore throat, fever and stomach pain.

One in 25 will see their spinal cord infected, leading to
paralysis.

Vaccination is the most effective way of avoiding the disease,
as there are no effective treatments for people who catch it.

Children are routinely offered a three-dose vaccination course
in the United States, with the first jab given at two months and
the last by the age of 18 months.

They are also administered a booster shot between four to six
years old, which is more than 99 percent effective at preventing
infection.

In recent years and amid Covid disruption, the U.S. has fallen
behind in vaccinating against the disease.

CDC data showed about 92.6 percent of Americans are fully-
vaccinated against the virus by their second birthday, which is
below the WHO recommended level of 95 percent to prevent an
outbreak.

Polio has been eradicated in almost every country in the world
thanks to the vaccination drive. But it still spreads under the
radar in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Polio: Once the most feared disease in America that has now
become a rarity
Polio is a serious viral infection that used to be common all
over the world.

The virus lives in the throat and intestines for up to six
weeks, with patients most infectious from seven to 10 days
before and after the onset of symptoms.

But it can spread to the spinal cord causing muscle weakness and
paralysis.

The virus is more common in infants and young children and
occurs under conditions of poor hygiene.

How deadly is it?

Most people show no signs of infection at all but about one in
20 people have minor symptoms such as fever, muscle weakness,
headache, nausea and vomiting.

Around one in 50 patients develop severe muscle pain and
stiffness in the neck and back.

Less than one per cent of polio cases result in paralysis and
one in 10 of those result in death.

Of those who develop symptoms, these tend to appear three-to-21
days after infection and include:

High temperature
Sore throat
Headache
Abdominal pain
Aching muscles
Nausea and vomiting
How does it spread?

People can catch polio via droplets in the air when someone
coughs or sneezes, or if they come into contacted with the feces
of an infected person.

This includes food, water, clothing or toys.

Are there different strains?

There are three strains of 'wild' polio, which has been largely
eradicated throughout Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia and
the Western Pacific.

Types 2 and 3 were eliminated thanks to a global mass vaccine
campaign, with the last cases detected in 1999 and 2012
respectively.

The remaining, type 1, wild polio remains endemic in only two
countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Wild polio has been eliminated in almost every country in the
world thanks to vaccines.

But the global rollout has spawned new types of strains known as
vaccine-derived polioviruses.

These are strains that were initially used in live vaccines but
spilled out into the community and evolved to behave more like
the wild version.

Is polio still around in the U.S.?

The last case of person-to-person transmission in the U.S. was
in 1979, which was also marked the last wild polio case.

But there have been several dozen cases of vaccine-derived
polioviruses since, although they have been one-offs, with no
onward transmission.

Am I vaccinated against polio?

Americans have been offered the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
since 2000.

It is given as four doses, with the first jab at two months old.
It is also administered at four, six to 18 months, and four to
six years old.

Uptake has fallen slightly but remains above 90 per cent
nationally.

There are concerns vaccine hesitancy has risen during the Covid
crisis due to misinformation spread about jabs for that virus
and school closures.

https://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-11070599/New-York-
polio-patient-20-infected-strain-detected-London-Jerusalem.html