Nighttime Urination And Sleep Apnea
ironjustice
If I give erythrocytosis to a dog his vasopressin goes DOWN.
--------
Sleep Apnea May Cause Nighttime Urination
11.29.09, 09:00 AM EST
Many doctors unaware the sleep disorder boosts urine production,
experts say
SUNDAY, Nov. 29 (HealthDay News) -- People who wake up during the
night to urinate shouldn't automatically blame a urological problem.
Sleep apnea, a breathing-related sleep disorder, could be the cause.
A new study suggests that nighttime urination, or nocturia, is
comparable to loud snoring as a marker for obstructive sleep apnea, a
disorder in which soft tissue in the throat blocks the flow of air
into the lungs, disrupting sleep.
Previous studies established a link between nocturia and sleep apnea,
a potentially serious condition that affects about 25 percent of U.S.
men and 10 percent of U.S. women, the researchers said. But they
believe this is among the first to show that screening for nocturia
could help doctors identify patients with apnea.
The study also suggests that a common treatment for sleep apnea --
positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy -- can reduce symptoms of
nocturia, thereby improving sleep and preventing debilitating falls
among elderly people who get out of bed at night to use the bathroom.
PAP involves wearing a pressurized air mask while sleeping.
Typically, doctors screen for apnea by assessing patients' weight (the
condition is associated with overweight/obesity) and asking if they
snore heavily, notice breathing problems at night or feel tired during
the day (because of interrupted sleep). But because many patients,
especially those who sleep alone, are unaware that they snore, apnea
often goes undiagnosed.
"When you ask people about symptoms like snoring and gasping, they
tend to say, 'No, I don't have them'," said study author Edward
Romero, research coordinator at the Sleep & Human Health Institute in
Albuquerque, N.M. "But it's very easy for them to realize that they
wake up at night to go to the bathroom."
One of Romero's co-authors, institute director Dr. Barry Krakow, said
doctors and patients are quick to blame nocturia on diabetes, prostate
enlargement and other medical conditions with which it is associated.
"I see patients all the time who think they're waking up to urinate
because they have prostate trouble or a small bladder," Krakow said.
"About 80 percent of the time we discover that apnea is the cause of
their problem."
Besides nocturia and snoring, symptoms of sleep apnea include daytime
drowsiness, memory problems and depression. Untreated sleep apnea can
lead to high blood pressure, blood clots and heart disease.
For the study, published online recently in Sleep and Breathing, the
researchers reviewed data on 1,007 adults treated at two sleep clinics
in New Mexico between 2005 and 2007. Of the participants, 797 were
diagnosed with sleep apnea, 777 reported snoring and 839 reported
nocturia. Neither snoring nor nocturia was proof of apnea, but the two
symptoms were similar in their power to predict it: snoring was
reported by 82.6 percent of apnea sufferers, and 84.8 percent of apnea
sufferers reported nocturia.
The authors propose further research be conducted to confirm the
effectiveness of nocturia as an apnea screening tool.
Mary Umlauf, a professor at the University of Alabama Capstone College
of Nursing in Tuscaloosa and a noted nocturia researcher, said the
study could play an important role in dispelling "old wives' tales"
about nocturia.
"Many health-care providers and ordinary people think of nocturia as a
urological or gynecological problem," she said. "They don't understand
that sleep apnea can cause the body to produce too much urine at
night.
"People who wake up to urinate shouldn't assume that it's my prostate,
or 'I'm just old'," she said.
--------------
Sleep apnea symptoms, nocturia, and diabetes in
African-American community dwelling older adults.
J Natl Black Nurses Assoc. 2000 Dec;11(2):25-33.
Chasens ER, Umlauf MG, Pillion DJ, Singh KP.
Wayne State College of Nursing, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
The primary aim of this exploratory study was to examine
the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
symptoms, nocturia and diabetes in African-American
community-dwelling older adults.
A pencil and paper survey was used to collect symptoms of
OSA, nocturia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), lower
urinary tract symptoms (LUT), and self-rated health.
The convenience sample of community dwelling
African-Americans (n = 87) included a majority of women
(61%) and obese persons (60% with BMI > 30).
The mean age was 64 years (range 50-91), and 40% were self
reported Type 2 diabetics.
Diabetics had significantly more OSA symptoms, more
nocturia, and decreased self-rated health.
Results of a stepwise logistic regression showed that persons
with diabetes and those who reported EDS experienced
significant three to four-fold risks for OSA.
Similarly, diabetics, women, persons with LUT symptoms and
those reporting EDS, had significant three to six-fold risks
for nocturia > or = 2/night.
PMID: 11854986
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Tom
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sle...@dwarf.com
If I give erythrocytosis to a dog his vasopressin goes DOWN."
What has this to do with the information posted?
ironjustice
Ahem ..
Diabetes has erythrocytosis ..
Diabetes has lack of vasopressin ..
Diabetes has sleep apnea ..
Diabetes is accompanied by nocturia ..
Sleep apnea has erythrocytosis ..
Sleep apnea is accompanied by nocturia ..
Does anyone care to bet AGAINST a lack of
vasopressin IN those with sleep apnea .. ?
So .. is it the vasopressin that causes the erythrocytosis or is it
the other way around .. ?
If I give a dog .. erythrocytosis .. HE becomes DEFICIENT in
vasopressin ..
Sooo .. odds are .. the erythrocytosis CAUSES a lack of vasopressin ..
Therefore .. theoretically .. treat the erythrocytosis .. WILL lead to
a decrease in .. nocturia ..
AND an INcrease in .. ? .. vasopressin ..
ironjustice
In the same .. vein ..
The use of diuretics should go down and / or the insulin use will ALSO
go down .. because .. ?
you have cured the diabetes ..
Beeecause .. ?
IN ORDER TO TREAT THE ERYTHROCYTOSIS .. you MUST .. ? .. bloodlet ..
Baaaadddaaaabooom ..
Pretty simple .. eh ..
--------
--------------
PMID: 11854986
Who loves ya.
Tom
NOW .. that you are able to recognize .. tracks .. spoor .. you let
out a low gutteral sound and forge ahead with .. increased vigor /
stoked ..
NOW when you 'catch up to him again' you AGAIN will attempt to rip him
a new one .. again .. with increased vigor.
sle...@dwarf.com
Are we attempting a pun?
"The use of diuretics should go down and / or the insulin use will ALSO
go down .. because .. ? you have cured the diabetes .."
There is at present no known "cure" for diabetes. One can treat
symptoms and reverse them, but the underlying condition remains. This
would be instantly shown by a simple glucose test.
""Beeecause .. ?"
IN ORDER TO TREAT THE ERYTHROCYTOSIS .. you MUST .. ? .. bloodlet ..
Baaaadddaaaabooom ..
Pretty simple .. eh .."
Perhaps, but not in a way flattering to yourself.
Chitty chitty bang bang.
sle...@dwarf.com
Diabetes has erythrocytosis ..
Diabetes has lack of vasopressin ..
Diabetes has sleep apnea ..
Diabetes is accompanied by nocturia ..
Sleep apnea has erythrocytosis ..
Sleep apnea is accompanied by nocturia ..
Does anyone care to bet AGAINST a lack of
vasopressin IN those with sleep apnea .. ?
So .. is it the vasopressin that causes the erythrocytosis or is it
the other way around .. ?
If I give a dog .. erythrocytosis .. HE becomes DEFICIENT in
vasopressin ..
Sooo .. odds are .. the erythrocytosis CAUSES a lack of vasopressin ..
Therefore .. theoretically .. treat the erythrocytosis .. WILL lead to
a decrease in .. nocturia ..
AND an INcrease in .. ? .. vasopressin .."
And if pigs had wings ...
The article was about a physical fix for a breathing problem associated
with mostly being overweight. Diabetes then is a second or third effect
of being overweight when discussing this set of problems. Diabetes does
not cause one to become overweight but is a result of it. Diabetics is
not the cause of he breathing problem.
ironjustice
not the cause of he breathing problem. <<
So that was just like a .. reiteration .. of what I said .. ?
Is THAT why you repeated it .. ?
Just to reiterate what I said .. ?
"The erythrocytosis is the cause .."
"NOT the diabetes .."
Very good ..
Soooo .. just so you don't have to reiterate what I said .. a..
gain ..
The erythrocytosis causes the diabetes .. the sleep apnea .. the
nightime urination ..
and multiple sclerosis ..
Oh .. yeah .. different thread ..
--------
--------------
PMID: 11854986
Who loves ya.
Tom
> "Ahem ..
sle...@dwarf.com
"NOT the diabetes .."
Very good .."
Then why did you go on and on about diabetes?
The real cause is being overweight, all else is an effect.
ironjustice
The real cause is being overweight, all else is an effect. <<
Explain sleep apnea episodes at altitude then ..
Symptom of altitude sickness ..
Overweight mountain climbers ..
Yep ..
ironjustice
erythrocytosis causes the diabetes .. the sleep apnea .. the nightime
urination .. and multiple sclerosis .. <<
Jeez .. how convenient ..
THIS study shows what happens when you give someone testosterone.
Testosterone is known to cause increased red blood cells ..
erythrocytosis .. and
they coincidentally MUST be MONITORED for .. ? .. sleep apnea..
Soooo I give something to someone which builds red blood cells /
erythrocytosis and it
causes sleep apnea.
Voila ..
One might bet therefore the erythropoietin / Procrit ALSO causes sleep
apnea.
Extraprostatic complications of testosterone replacement therapy.
J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28(11 Suppl bis):75-77.
Volpi R, Coiro V, Chiodera P, Saccani-Jotti G, Delsignore R
Testosterone therapy has been reported to be useful in the
treatment of hypogonadism and partial androgen deficiency of
the aging male (PADAM) syndrome.
Testosterone administration is needed in order to maintain
secondary sexual characteristics, muscle mass, bone mineral
density, cognitive function and sexual drive.
Newer testosterone-containing compounds, particularly gel
preparations, are known to produce more stable circulating
testosterone levels than im-administered drugs, with scarce
side-effects and good patient compliance.
All patients treated with testosterone must undergo a careful
follow-up to prevent the development of the major side effects,
such as sleep-apnea, erythrocytosis, cardiovascular diseases
and the alterations of hepatic function and plasma lipid
concentrations.
J Endocrinol Invest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Who loves ya.
Tom
sle...@dwarf.com
"Explain sleep apnea episodes at altitude then ..
Symptom of altitude sickness ..
Overweight mountain climbers ..
Yep .."
The overweight as cause was directly from your post. If you have
trouble with them then why accept anything they present?
So you are saying that some in a thinner air can have breathing
problems? Whell dah!
You are not helped when you try to force information to do and say what
it clearly in its own content says is not the case.
ironjustice
directly from your post. If you have trouble with them then why
accept anything they present? <<
Associated ..
YOU said .. causes ..
On Dec 3, 4:50 am, sle...@dwarf.com wrote: You are not helped when you
try to force information to do and say what it clearly in its own
content says is not the case. <<
They didn't actually SAY anything .. did they .. ?
THEY did the study and concluded really fkall ..
YOU and I presented DIFFERENT hypotheseeees and .. personally .. YOUR
'contribution' really should have been kept on another thread .. with
another title ..
Something like .. Adiposity Authors Apnea ..
NOT on my thread of nighttime urination because I really don't see how
being fat has anything to do with my .. dog ..
Or don't you remember my polycythemic dog ..
Extraprostatic complications of testosterone replacement therapy.
J Endocrinol Invest 2005; 28(11 Suppl bis):75-77.
Volpi R, Coiro V, Chiodera P, Saccani-Jotti G, Delsignore R
Testosterone therapy has been reported to be useful in the
treatment of hypogonadism and partial androgen deficiency of
the aging male (PADAM) syndrome.
Testosterone administration is needed in order to maintain
secondary sexual characteristics, muscle mass, bone mineral
density, cognitive function and sexual drive.
Newer testosterone-containing compounds, particularly gel
preparations, are known to produce more stable circulating
testosterone levels than im-administered drugs, with scarce
side-effects and good patient compliance.
All patients treated with testosterone must undergo a careful
follow-up to prevent the development of the major side effects,
such as sleep-apnea, erythrocytosis, cardiovascular diseases
and the alterations of hepatic function and plasma lipid
concentrations.
J Endocrinol Invest
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> The real cause is being overweight, all else is an effect. <<
ironjustice
polycythemic dog <<
"Blood hyperviscosity and increased blood volume
led to impaired vasopressin release and polyuria"
Polyuria and polydipsia and disturbed vasopressin release in 2 dogs
with secondary polycythemia.
van Vonderen IK, Meyer HP, Kraus JS, Kooistra HS.
J Vet Intern Med. 1997 Sep-Oct;11(5):300-3.
Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
In dogs, secondary polycythemia (SP) may be associated with polyuria
and polydipsia (PU/PD).
The pathogenesis of this PU/PD has not yet been explained.
We hypothesized that hyperviscosity and increased blood volume in
SP might affect vasopressin (VP) release, resulting in PU/PD.
This hypothesis was tested in 2 dogs with SP caused by renal
neoplasia and PU/PD.
Osmoregulation of VP release was studied by a modified water
deprivation test and by investigating the VP response to hypertonic
saline infusion.
Water deprivation test results were consistent with an inability
to produce concentrated urine despite increasing plasma osmolality.
During hypertonic saline infusion, the osmotic threshold of VP
release was markedly increased in both dogs, resulting in a delayed
VP response to increasing plasma osmolality.
The sensitivity of VP release was low normal in both dogs.
We conclude that blood hyperviscosity and increased blood volume
led to impaired VP release and polyuria.
PMID: 9348498----
Who loves ya.
Tom
> Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
>
> Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
>
> DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
>
>
>
> > The real cause is being overweight, all else is an effect. <<
>
> > "Explain sleep apnea episodes at altitude then ..
>
> > Symptom of altitude sickness ..
>
> > Overweight mountain climbers ..
>
> > Yep .."
>
> > The overweight as cause was directly from your post. If you have
> > trouble with them then why accept anything they present?
>
> > So you are saying that some in a thinner air can have breathing
> > problems? Whell dah!
>
> > You are not helped when you try to force information to do and say what
> > it clearly in its own content says is not the case.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -
ironjustice
apnea <<
The apnea and the ecstasy
Drug linked to nighttime breathing disorderBy Nathan Seppa Web
edition : Wednesday, December 2nd, 2009 Text Size Users of a popular
club drug will be less than ecstatic to learn that the pill might be
making it hard to breathe at night.
Researchers report online December 2 and in the December 8 issue of
Neurology that regular users of the drug known as ecstasy were more
likely than nonusers to show the cardinal signs of sleep apnea —
stoppage of breath and gasping for air — during deep sleep.
In sleep apnea, muscle tone in the throat becomes unduly relaxed,
resulting in airway blockage. An individual gasps for breath many
times per hour of sleep, often leaving 10 seconds or more between
breaths. Frequent gasping and arousal from sleep go unnoticed by the
sleeper — until the next day. Sleep apnea can lead to daytime
drowsiness, morning headaches, irritability, low energy and even
driving accidents. It has also been associated with cognitive
problems, stroke and heart disease.
Ecstasy would seem to have little to do with sleep problems. The
popular drug is a synthetic psychoactive compound called MDMA (3,4-
methylenedioxymethamphetamine), which brings on euphoria, emotional
warmth, and distortions of time perception and tactile experiences,
according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, which provided
funding for scientists who worked on this study.
But there is evidence that ecstasy is toxic to neurons in the brain
that make serotonin, a multipurpose neurotransmitter. It has been
hypothesized that serotonin-making neurons might somehow protect
against sleep apnea, but how is unclear.
In the new study, scientists monitored the sleep of 62 people who had
never taken ecstasy and 71 people who had used ecstasy at least 30
times but hadn’t taken it or any other illicit drug in the previous
two weeks. The researchers rated sleep apnea as mild, moderate or
severe based on the number of breath stoppages per hour. Volunteers
ranged in age from 18 to 46, with an average age of 24, and none had
been diagnosed previously with a sleep disorder.
The tests showed that eight of the ecstasy users had moderate
obstructive sleep apnea and one had a severe case. None of the
nonusers had such serious apnea. Roughly equal percentages of ecstasy
users and nonusers had mild apnea, report physician Una McCann of
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore and her colleagues. She
and her colleagues accounted for differences among the volunteers in
age, gender and weight.
The researchers also found that, among people who had taken ecstasy,
those who took it most often were also the most likely to have sleep
apnea.
“The results are intriguing,” says Sigrid Veasey, a physician and
sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
in Philadelphia. “The critical question is whether individuals with
pre-existing childhood or young-adulthood sleep apnea are more prone
to use ecstasy ... or whether the ecstasy causes or worsens sleep
apnea.”
If there is a biological link between ecstasy and sleep apnea, it
could be serotonin-making neurons. Writing in the same issue of
Neurology, Nancy Chamberlin and Clifford Saper of Harvard Medical
School point out that serotonin-making neurons might somehow sense
carbon dioxide buildup in the blood or could play a role in a wake-
promoting system.
“It would be interesting to see whether former [ecstasy] users have
poor arousal responses,” they note, and to assess how these people
react to high levels of carbon dioxide, which normally stimulate a
person to take a breath.
Veasey cites her group’s research in dogs, which shows that sleep
apnea may be worsened when serotonin signaling is blocked. Many young
adults who already have some mild sleep apnea could be shifted into a
more severe form by such a blockade, she says. But Veasey doubts that
the loss of serotonin signaling alone would be enough to cause sleep
apnea.
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> Erythrocytosis .. ?
> If I give erythrocytosis to a dog his vasopressin goes DOWN.
>
> --------
>
> SleepApneaMay Cause Nighttime Urination
> 11.29.09, 09:00 AM EST
> Many doctors unaware the sleep disorder boosts urine production,
> experts say
>
> SUNDAY, Nov. 29 (HealthDay News) -- People who wake up during the
> night to urinate shouldn't automatically blame a urological problem.
> Sleepapnea, a breathing-related sleep disorder, could be the cause.
>
> A new study suggests that nighttime urination, or nocturia, is
> comparable to loud snoring as a marker for obstructive sleepapnea, a
> disorder in which soft tissue in the throat blocks the flow of air
> into the lungs, disrupting sleep.
>
> Previous studies established a link between nocturia and sleepapnea,
> a potentially serious condition that affects about 25 percent of U.S.
> men and 10 percent of U.S. women, the researchers said. But they
> believe this is among the first to show that screening for nocturia
> could help doctors identify patients withapnea.
>
> The study also suggests that a common treatment for sleepapnea--
> positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy -- can reduce symptoms of
> nocturia, thereby improving sleep and preventing debilitating falls
> among elderly people who get out of bed at night to use the bathroom.
>
> PAP involves wearing a pressurized air mask while sleeping.
>
> Typically, doctors screen forapneaby assessing patients' weight (the
> condition is associated with overweight/obesity) and asking if they
> snore heavily, notice breathing problems at night or feel tired during
> the day (because of interrupted sleep). But because many patients,
> especially those who sleep alone, are unaware that they snore,apnea
> often goes undiagnosed.
>
> "When you ask people about symptoms like snoring and gasping, they
> tend to say, 'No, I don't have them'," said study author Edward
> Romero, research coordinator at the Sleep & Human Health Institute in
> Albuquerque, N.M. "But it's very easy for them to realize that they
> wake up at night to go to the bathroom."
>
> One of Romero's co-authors, institute director Dr. Barry Krakow, said
> doctors and patients are quick to blame nocturia on diabetes, prostate
> enlargement and other medical conditions with which it is associated.
> "I see patients all the time who think they're waking up to urinate
> because they have prostate trouble or a small bladder," Krakow said.
> "About 80 percent of the time we discover thatapneais the cause of
> their problem."
>
> Besides nocturia and snoring, symptoms of sleepapneainclude daytime
> drowsiness, memory problems and depression. Untreated sleepapneacan
> lead to high blood pressure, blood clots and heart disease.
>
> For the study, published online recently in Sleep and Breathing, the
> researchers reviewed data on 1,007 adults treated at two sleep clinics
> in New Mexico between 2005 and 2007. Of the participants, 797 were
> diagnosed with sleepapnea, 777 reported snoring and 839 reported
> nocturia. Neither snoring nor nocturia was proof ofapnea, but the two
> symptoms were similar in their power to predict it: snoring was
> reported by 82.6 percent ofapneasufferers, and 84.8 percent ofapnea
> sufferers reported nocturia.
>
> The authors propose further research be conducted to confirm the
> effectiveness of nocturia as anapneascreening tool.
>
> Mary Umlauf, a professor at the University of Alabama Capstone College
> of Nursing in Tuscaloosa and a noted nocturia researcher, said the
> study could play an important role in dispelling "old wives' tales"
> about nocturia.
>
> "Many health-care providers and ordinary people think of nocturia as a
> urological or gynecological problem," she said. "They don't understand
> that sleepapneacan cause the body to produce too much urine at
> night.
>
> "People who wake up to urinate shouldn't assume that it's my prostate,
> or 'I'm just old'," she said.
>
> --------------
>
> Sleepapneasymptoms, nocturia, and diabetes in
ironjustice
sleep apnea<<
Snoring And Liver Disease Linked By Low Oxygen Levels
Research published in the current issue of the journal, Clinical
Science, appears to have found a link between obstructive sleep apnoea
and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Dr Anne-Christine Piguet and
colleagues from the University of Bern, Switzerland, kept mice for a
week in low-oxygen atmospheres and found that it led to increased
levels of fat and inflammation in their livers.
Apnoea means "without breath" and occurs when the muscles in the
airways behind the tongue relax in sleep, causing the person to snore
and briefly, to stop breathing.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common, often "silent" liver
disease occurring in around 40% of the population. It resembles
alcoholic liver disease, but occurs in people who drink little or no
alcohol. The major feature in NASH is fat in the liver, along with
inflammation and damage. NASH can be severe and can lead to cirrhosis,
in which the liver is permanently damaged and scarred and no longer
able to work properly.
Obesity predisposes patients to both fatty liver diseases and
obstructive sleep apnoea.
To mimic the effects of low oxygen levels caused by the repeated
obstruction of the upper airways in sleep apnoea, the researchers kept
mice in a low oxygen environment for seven days. After this time they
were found to have more fat and inflammation in their livers compared
to mice that had been kept in atmospheres with normal levels of
oxygen. When the mice were exposed to low oxygen levels, the genes
that controlled fat synthesis in the liver seemed to be more active
while those that controlled fat breakdown demonstrated reduced
activity.
In addition, the mice exposed to low levels of oxygen became less
sensitive to insulin. This is the mechanism by which the body
regulates blood sugar and is a cause of diabetes. Metabolic disorders
such as diabetes and obesity can cause complications in patients with
NASH.
Commenting on the finding, Dr Piguet said, "Hypoxia (lack of oxygen)
may be the link leading to accumulation of fat in the liver and to the
progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Our findings show that
it is important both to screen obese patients for obstructive sleep
apnoea to prevent it contributing to fatty liver disease and to treat
those patients who already have NASH for hypoxia which may be making
their condition worse".
Source: Biochemical Society
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> Theapneaand the ecstasy
> Drug linked to nighttime breathing disorderBy Nathan Seppa Web
> edition : Wednesday, December 2nd, 2009 Text Size Users of a popular
> club drug will be less than ecstatic to learn that the pill might be
> making it hard to breathe at night.
>
> Researchers report online December 2 and in the December 8 issue of
> Neurology that regular users of the drug known as ecstasy were more
> likely than nonusers to show the cardinal signs of sleepapnea—
> stoppage of breath and gasping for air — during deep sleep.
>
> In sleepapnea, muscle tone in the throat becomes unduly relaxed,
> resulting in airway blockage. An individual gasps for breath many
> times per hour of sleep, often leaving 10 seconds or more between
> breaths. Frequent gasping and arousal from sleep go unnoticed by the
> sleeper — until the next day. Sleepapneacan lead to daytime
> drowsiness, morning headaches, irritability, low energy and even
> driving accidents. It has also been associated with cognitive
> problems, stroke and heart disease.
>
> Ecstasy would seem to have little to do with sleep problems. The
> popular drug is a synthetic psychoactive compound called MDMA (3,4-
> methylenedioxymethamphetamine), which brings on euphoria, emotional
> warmth, and distortions of time perception and tactile experiences,
> according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, which provided
> funding for scientists who worked on this study.
>
> But there is evidence that ecstasy is toxic to neurons in the brain
> that make serotonin, a multipurpose neurotransmitter. It has been
> hypothesized that serotonin-making neurons might somehow protect
> against sleepapnea, but how is unclear.
>
> In the new study, scientists monitored the sleep of 62 people who had
> never taken ecstasy and 71 people who had used ecstasy at least 30
> times but hadn’t taken it or any other illicit drug in the previous
> two weeks. The researchers rated sleepapneaas mild, moderate or
> severe based on the number of breath stoppages per hour. Volunteers
> ranged in age from 18 to 46, with an average age of 24, and none had
> been diagnosed previously with a sleep disorder.
>
> The tests showed that eight of the ecstasy users had moderate
> obstructive sleepapneaand one had a severe case. None of the
> nonusers had such seriousapnea. Roughly equal percentages of ecstasy
> users and nonusers had mildapnea, report physician Una McCann of
> Johns Hopkins School of Medicine in Baltimore and her colleagues. She
> and her colleagues accounted for differences among the volunteers in
> age, gender and weight.
>
> The researchers also found that, among people who had taken ecstasy,
> those who took it most often were also the most likely to have sleepapnea.
>
> “The results are intriguing,” says Sigrid Veasey, a physician and
> sleep researcher at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
> in Philadelphia. “The critical question is whether individuals with
> pre-existing childhood or young-adulthood sleepapneaare more prone
> to use ecstasy ... or whether the ecstasy causes or worsens sleepapnea.”
>
> If there is a biological link between ecstasy and sleepapnea, it
> could be serotonin-making neurons. Writing in the same issue of
> Neurology, Nancy Chamberlin and Clifford Saper of Harvard Medical
> School point out that serotonin-making neurons might somehow sense
> carbon dioxide buildup in the blood or could play a role in a wake-
> promoting system.
>
> “It would be interesting to see whether former [ecstasy] users have
> poor arousal responses,” they note, and to assess how these people
> react to high levels of carbon dioxide, which normally stimulate a
> person to take a breath.
>
> Veasey cites her group’s research in dogs, which shows that sleepapneamay be worsened when serotonin signaling is blocked. Many young
> adults who already have some mild sleepapneacould be shifted into a
> more severe form by such a blockade, she says. But Veasey doubts that
> the loss of serotonin signaling alone would be enough to cause sleepapnea.
>
> > DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk- Hide quoted text -
ironjustice
sleep apnea <<
"This simple experiment clearly shows changing the diet
triggers the regression of fibrosis"
Reversibility of fibrosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic
reticulum stress in the liver of rats fed a
methionine–choline-deficient diet
Laboratory Investigation
30 November 2009;
Yong-ping Mu1,2, Tomohiro Ogawa1 and Norifumi Kawada1
1Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine,
Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
2Shanghai Public Health Clinical Centre,
Shanghai, China
Correspondence: Dr N Kawada, MD, PhD, Department of Hepatology,
Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3,
Asahimachi, Abeno, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
E-mail: kawadan...@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
Abstract
Fatty liver disease has become a health problem related
to metabolic syndrome worldwide, although its molecular
pathogenesis requires further study.
It is also unclear whether advanced fibrosis of
steatohepatitis will regress when diet is controlled.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the
resolution of fibrosis occurs in steatohepatitis induced
by a methionine–choline-deficient diet (MCDD).
Manifestation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this
model was also studied.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with advanced fibrosis was
induced in rats by feeding them an MCDD for 10 weeks.
Instead of MCDD, a methionine–choline control diet (CD)
was given for the last 2 weeks to the experimental group.
Fibrosis and inflammation were determined by tissue staining.
Protein and gene expressions were determined by immunoblotting
and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR),
respectively.
Expressions of caspase-7, caspase-12, glucose-regulated
protein 78 (GRP78), and protein disulfide isomerase were
evaluated to clarify the presence of ER stress.
Changing the diet from MCDD to CD triggered the reduction
of fat in hepatocytes, a decrease in inflammatory gene
expression and oxidative stress, and regression of fibrosis
accompanied by the disappearance of activated stellate cells
and macrophages.
Immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and RT-PCR analysis
all indicated the occurrence of ER stress in steatohepatitis,
while it recovered immediately after changing the diet from
MCCD to CD.
The ratio of hepatocyte proliferation/apoptotis increased
significantly during the recovery stage.
This simple experiment clearly shows that changing the diet
from MCDD to a normal diet (CD) triggers the resolution
of hepatic inflammatory and fibrotic reactions and hepatocyte
apoptosis, suggesting that MCDD-induced steatohepatitis is
also reversible.
ER stress appears and disappears in association with the
generation and regression of steatohepatitis, respectively,
with fibrosis.
Keywords: caspase, cytoglobin, hepatic stellate cells,
hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, oxidative stress
Who loves ya.
Tom
> > > diagnosed with- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -...
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> read more »
ironjustice
Reversibility of fibrosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum
stress in the liver of rats fed a
methionine–choline-deficient diet <<
What connection ..
Choline prevents diabetes in the dog ..
Methionine raises choline and prevents fatty liver and insulin
irregularities ..
Cognitive Impairment in Folate-Deficient
Rats Corresponds to Depleted Brain
Phosphatidylcholine and Is Prevented by
Dietary Methionine without Lowering Plasma
Homocysteine1,2
Aron M. Troen*, Wei-Hsun Chao, Natalia A. Crivello,
Kristen E. D'Anci, Barbara Shukitt-Hale,
Don E. Smith, Jacob Selhub and Irwin H. Rosenberg
Ingestive Behavior and Neurosciences
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on
Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111
Poor folate status is associated with cognitive decline
and dementia in older adults.
Although impaired brain methylation activity and
homocysteine toxicity are widely thought to account for
this association, how folate deficiency impairs cognition
is uncertain.
To better define the role of folate deficiency in cognitive
dysfunction, we fed rats folate-deficient diets (0 mg FA/kg
diet) with or without supplemental L-methionine for 10 wk,
followed by cognitive testing and tissue collection for
hematological and biochemical analysis.
Folate deficiency with normal methionine impaired spatial
memory and learning; however, this impairment was prevented
when the folate-deficient diet was supplemented with methionine.
Under conditions of folate deficiency, brain membrane content
of the methylated phospholipid phosphatidylcholine was
significantly depleted, which was reversed with supplemental
methionine.
In contrast, neither elevated plasma homocysteine nor brain
S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine concentrations
predicted cognitive impairment and its prevention by methionine.
The correspondence of cognitive outcomes to changes in brain
membrane phosphatidylcholine content suggests that altered
phosphatidylcholine and possibly choline metabolism might
contribute to the manifestation of folate deficiency-related
cognitive dysfunction.
* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
E-mail: aron....@tufts.edu.
Manuscript received 29 May 2008.
Initial review completed 11 July 2008.
Revision accepted 4 September 2008.
ironjustice
wrote:Reversibility of fibrosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic
reticulum
stress in the liver of rats fed a
methionine–choline-deficient diet <<
"Deposition of iron derived from hemoglobin"
"These results indicate that the engulfment of PS-externalized,
apoptotic signal-positive, erythrocytes by hepatic macrophages may
lead to the deposition of iron derived from hemoglobin in the liver
and be involved in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis."
Erythrophagocytosis by liver macrophages (kupffer cells)
promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in a
rabbit model of steatohepatitis: implications for
the pathogenesis of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Otogawa K, Kinoshita K, Fujii H, Sakabe M, Shiga R,
Nakatani K, Ikeda K, Nakajima Y, Ikura Y, Ueda M, Arakawa T,
Hato F, Kawada N.
Department of Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine,
Osaka City University, 1-4-3, Asahimachi, Abeno,
Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
kawad...@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp.
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a progressive fibrotic
disease,the pathogenesis of which has not been fully elucidated.
Here, we report a molecular aspect of this disease elucidated
using rabbits fed a cholesterol-rich high-fat diet and exhibiting
insulin resistance.
The liver in this model showed steatohepatitis with fibrosis and high
mRNA expression for some cytokines, heme oxygenase-1, transforming
growth factor-beta1, and collagen alpha1(I).
Erythrocytes isolated from the model showed marked fragility and
the externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the outer leaflet
of the membrane and were frequently engulfed by Kupffer
cells/macrophages in the hepatic sinusoids.
Expression of milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor
(EGF)-factor 8, a PS-binding protein, was augmented in the liver.
In culture, RAW 264.7 cells engulfed erythrocytes oxidized by
tert-butyl hydroperoxide, a process that was inhibited by anti-milk
fat globule-EGF-factor 8 antibody.
In addition, PS-positive erythrocytes appeared entrapped in the model
liver in ex vivo perfusion experiments.
Finally, in specimens from NASH patients, the aggregation of
erythrocytes in inflammatory hepatic sinusoids was notable.
These results indicate that the engulfment of PS-externalized,
apoptoticsignal-positive, erythrocytes by hepatic macrophages
may lead to the deposition of iron derived from hemoglobin in
the liver and be involved in the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis.
PMID: 17322381
Who loves ya.
Tom
Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh
Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3
DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
> On Dec 25, 6:58 pm, ironjustice <ironjust...@rock.com> wrote:
> E-mail: aron.tr...@tufts.edu.
>
> Manuscript received 29 May 2008.
> Initial review completed 11 July 2008.
> Revision accepted 4 September 2008.
>
> Who loves ya.
> Tom
>