History of Kosovo before serbs were born
Albanian tourist Center
Before being conquered by Alexander the Great in 300 BC and becoming
part of the Roman province of Dardania, Kosovo was inhabited by Illyrians.
Slavs migrations slowly pressed Illyrians eastward: their language became
known as Albanian and their culture closer to Byzantium. The Slavic
occupation of the territory formalised in the establishment of the medieval
Serbian Kingdom, ruling on Kosovo and northern Albania.
The defeat of the Serbian troops against the Ottoman forces in the
famous battle of Kosovo Polje reshaped the status of Kosovo that became a
province of the Ottoman empire. The population features and composition were
reshaped accordingly: a large number of Albanians and, to a lesser extent,
of Serbs converted to Islam. The Serbian "center of gravity" moved north,
while the majority of the Serbian population left the region: this massive
outflow is known in history as "the great migration". Albanians, at the time
equally divided into Christians and Muslims, started resettling in Kosovo.
The 1878 "Peace Accord" that put an end to the Russo-Ottoman War
decreed a division of Kosovo into two distinct areas of influence: the Serbs
were given control over Mitrovica and Pristina, while the Ottomans kept the
south. As a response, an Albanian nationalist movement - called the "Prizren
League" came into existence. The League initially called for the unification
of all Albanian people under the Ottoman rule: aversion to Russian
pan-Slavism and anti-Christian feelings acted as cohesive elements of the
movement.
With the progressive affirmation within the Empire of the "Young Turk
Movement" - opposing all centrifuge forces and proposing a univocal
centralisation of powers - the League gained a separatist component.
XX Century Balkan wars
The 20th century history of the region is marred by the bloodshed of
Serbs and Albanians occurred in the different conflicts that afflicted the
Balkans.
In 1912, during the first Balkan war the invasion of Albanian towns
carried out by Serb forces resulted in atrocities against the civilian
population and a massive southbound flux of refugees. In World War I the
entry of the Austro-Hungarian troops into Kosovo prompted the so called
"Great Retreat" of the Serbian Army (followed by large numbers of civilians)
from the region during which more than 100,000 Serbs lost their lives. In a
second moment Serbian troops resized control over Kosovo and revenged
against the Albanian population that had overtly sided the
Austro-Hungarians.
A new occasion for liberation from the Serbian rule came with World
War II. During the occupation of Kosovo by the Axis forces almost 100,000
Albanians moved into the region: widespread cases of harassment against the
Serbs were registered. Resistance organised into two different groups: on
the one hand the Chetniks - nationalist Serbs led by Draza Mihailovic - on
the other the Partisans of Marshal Tito who ultimately emerged as absolute
leader of the Communist Party and led post-war Yugoslavia.
The Yugoslav period
The 1946 Yugoslav Constitution did not recognise Albanians as a
nationality of Yugoslavia and denied Kosovo the status of Republic within
the Federation. The break-up between Tito and Stalin occurred in the 1948
determined the end of the diplomatic relations of Yugoslavia and Albania
that further deteriorated the conditions of Albanian Kosovans. It was not
until 1967 that Tito carried out his first visit to Kosovo and initiated a
policy aimed at decentralisation of powers.
The recognition of the territorial autonomy of the region came with
the 1974 Constitution that formally configured Kosovo as an autonomous
province within Serbia.
A season of harsh protests by Albanian nationalists was inaugurated
right after Tito's death: the old idea of a "Great Albania" - unifying all
Albanians from Kosovo, Montenegro, Macedonia and Albanian - had never been
abandoned by some.
Since the end of the 1980s the irredentist Kosovans clashed with the
resurgent Serbian nationalist movement which found in the new President
Slobodan Milosevic its natural guide. Milosevic cancelled the autonomous
status of Kosovo: a move that strongly contributed to exacerbate the
relations between the Serb and Albanian communities. The non-violent
approach envisaged by the leader of the Alliance for Kosovo Ibrahim Rugova
was rapidly replaced by the radical manners of the underground "National
Movement for the Liberation of Kosovo".
The situation worsened with the strengthening of the nationalist line
adopted by the Belgrade authorities and the increased military activities
conducted by the newly formed KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army). The KLA was
responsible not only of attacks against Yugoslav police and army, but also
of killing of Serbs hosted in refugee camps.
The radicalisation of the situation was conducive to the sadly-known
facts that prompted the international intervention.
Gino Luka
Tė nderuar Zotėrinj,
mė lejoni t'ju paraqes librin "La Sposa delle acque / Nusja e ujėrave".
Duke ju falėnderuar ju pėrshėndes pėrzemėrsisht.
G. LUKA
Gent. Signori,
vi presento in seguito i libri "La Sposa delle acque" .
Ringraziando vi saluto cordialmente.
G. LUKA
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
"LA SPOSA DELLE ACQUE / NUSJA E UJĖRAVE"
Versione bilingue italiano - albanese con test e giochi linguistici
Titolo "La Sposa delle acque"
Editore "Societą Editrice Vannini" Brescia
Abstract del contenuto "La Sposa delle acque" č una interessante raccolta di
fiabe bilingui - albanese/italiano - nella quale i ragazzi italiani e di
altre culture che "abitano" l'attuale nostra scuola di base possano trovare
stimolanti spunti di riflessione e di confronto. Strumento didattico duttile
e di facile utilizzazione, il libro vuole contribuire all'incontro tra
culture diverse, aprendo una finestra sul mondo universale, senza tempo e
senza spazio, della narrazione fantastica. Corredate da molteplici proposte
operative bilingui di approfondimento linguistico e di comprensione
testuale - esercizi e riflessioni grammaticali, scioglilingua e cruciverba -
le fiabe de "La Sposa delle acque" costituiscono uno stimolo per gettare uno
sguardo "oltre la siepe" e scoprire quanto simili siano i sentimenti e i
sogni che animano la vita degli uomini. Di tutti gli uomini.
Collana Ragazzi - Intercultura
Prezzo Euro 9.00 (IVA compresa)
Pagine 107
Isbn 88-7436-007-X
Formato
Anno di edizione, maggio 2003
Note (eventuali)
Aspetto - Rilegato
Genere - Narrativa
Immagine *
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
"Nusja e ujėrave" ėshtė njė pėrmbledhje tėrheqėse me pėrralla dygjuhėshe -
shqip/italisht - nė tė cilėn tė rinjtė italianė ashtu si edhe tė rinjtė me
njė kulturė tjetėr dhe qė "banojnė" nė shkollėn tonė tė sotme do tė kenė
mundėsi tė gjejnė njė pikėnisje stimuluese pėr tė menduar dhe krahasuar.
Instrument mėsimor i pėrshtatshėm dhe qė pėrdoret kollaj, libri ka qėllim tė
kontribuojė nė takimin ndėrmjet kulturave tė ndryshme, duke hapur njė
dritare mbi botėn e gjithėsishme, pa kohė e pa hapėsirė, tė tregimit
fantastik. Tė pajisura me variante tė shumta konkrete dygjuhėshe qė
shėrbejnė pėr t'u thelluar nė studimin e gjuhės dhe pėr tė kuptuar tekstet -
ushtrime dhe reflektime gramatikore, fjalėshpejta dhe fjalėkryqe - pėrrallat
e librit "Nusja e ujėrave" pėrbėjnė njė stimul pėr tė hedhur shikimin
"pėrtej gardhit" dhe pėr tė zbuluar se sa tė ngjashme janė ndjenjat dhe
ėndėrrat qė gjallėrojnė jetėn e njerėzve. Jetėn e tė gjithė njerėzve.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
ELENCO LIBRERIE dove si puņ reperire il libro "La Sposa delle acque"
Autore: Gino Luka
Editrice: Vannini (Brescia) ISBN: 88-7436-007-X - Prezzo di copertina: 9.00
Euro.
http://www.vanninieditrice.it/demo/negozio/index.asp
©2004 Societą Editrice Vannini s.r.l. - Societą Unipersonale
Sede legale e magazzino: Via Mandolossa, 117/A - Uffici: Via Leonardo da
Vinci, 6
25064 Gussago (BS) Tel. 030 313374 (4 linee r.a.) - Fax 030 314078
Libreria on-line
InternetBookShop Italia
http://www.internetbookshop.it/hme/hmepge.asp
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----