True Mormon History most LDS likely don't know
John Manning
Source: The Mormon Hierarchy : Extensions of Power - D. MICHAEL QUINN
Hardback. 960 Pages. / 1-56085-060-4 /
For synopsis and bio of author see:
http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
Jan 23,1852 - Brigham Young instructs Utah Legislature to legalize
slavery because "we must believe in slavery."
Feb 5,1852 - Brigham Young announces policy of denying priesthood to all
those black African ancestry, even "if there never was a prophet, or
apostle of Jesus Christ spoke it before" because "negroes are the
children of old Cain....any many having one drop of the seed of Cain in
him cannot hold the priesthood." Contrary to Joseph Smith's example in
authorizing the ordination of Elijah Abel, this is LDS policy for the
next 126 years.
Jan 3,1854 - Brigham Young invites Elijah Abel, free black and ordained
Seventy, to party with 98 other men in Social Hall. Some of these
parties are male-only dances.
Nov 22,1855 - Brigham Young secretly ordains his eleven year old son
John W. an apostle in connection with receiving the endowment. Young
later ordains three other sons apostles.
Mar 21,1858 - Brigham Young tells this special conference that Joseph
Smith disobeyed revelation by returning to Nauvoo to stand trial, that
the church's founding prophet lost Spirit of God the last days of his
life, and died as unnecessary martyr. He published this talk as
pamphlet.
Dec 15,1858 - Young readily grants divorce to unhappy plural wives but
requires husbands to pay him personally a $10 fee ($214.50 in 2001 U.S.
dollars). Young issues 1,600 certificates of divorce for unhappy
polygamous marriages. (This equals 16 thousand dollars, or $343,200 2001
U.S. dollars)
Aug 20,1859 - Brigham Young regarding slavery: "We consider it of devine
institution, and not to be abolished until the curse pronounced on Ham
shall have been removed from his descendants."
Sep 7,1859 - Salt Lake City clerk records sale of twenty six year old
"negro boy" for $800 to William H. Hooper. Until federal law ends
slavery in U.S. Territories in 1862, some African-American slaves are
paid as tithing, bought, sold and otherwise treated as chattel in Utah.
Nov 18,1861 - Abraham Lincoln checks out Book of Mormon from Library of
Congress. He returns it on 29 July 1862, apparently first U.S. president
to read Book of Mormon.
Dec 10,1862 - Deseret News reports that Church Historian's Office is
displaying sample of tobacco crops grown in Provo during past summer.
Oct 6,1863 - Brigham Young prophesies to general conference: "Will the
present struggle (of the U.S. Civil War) free the slaves? No..... and
men will be called to judgement for the way they have treated the
negroe." The 13th Amendment legally ends slavery in the United States in
1865.
May 15,1864 - Brigham Young preaches, "I don't want Mormonism to become
too popular... we would be overrun by the wicked."
Dec 9,1869 - ZCMI Drug Stores advertises that is has just opened on Main
Street with "Liquors, Draught and by the case."
Jun 18,1870 - First Counselor George A Smith tells Salt Lake School of
Prophets about "the evil of masturbation" among Utah Mormons. Apostle
Lorenzo Snow says that "plural marriage would tend to diminish the evil
of self pollution and the indulgence on the part of men was less in
plural marriage than in monogamy."
Sep 1,1870 - Salt Lake City's 9th Ward reports that only thirty one of
its 181 families attends Sunday Services regularly and 50% of families
are perfectly indifferent.
Jun 3,1871 - Salt Lake Tabernacle service: "Pres D.H. Wells spoke 25
minutes following Pres Young's remarks. Not very good attention.
Considerable moving about, passing out, and drowsiness."
Jan 4,1877 - Joseph Smith's last born child David is committed to
Illinois Hospital for the Insane. Proclaimed by Brigham Young in 1866 as
rightful heir of LDS presidency, he has served as counselor on RLDS
presidency since 1873. He dies in asylum in 1904.
Aug 29,1877 - Brigham Young dies. His last words are "Joseph, Joseph,
Joseph!"
June 4,1879 - John Taylor and apostles decline to allow Elijah Abel to
receive temple endowment because he is Negroid, even though Abel
received Melchizedek priesthood with Joseph Smith's authorization in
1836. This African American regularly attends his Seventy's quorum
meetings and serves proselyting mission just before his death in 1888.
Dec 27,1879 - Apostle Wilford Woodruff tells stake conference in
Snowflake, Arizona, "There will be no United States in the year 1890."
Jan 9,1880 - Apostle Orson Pratt writes to his children that city of New
Jerusalem will be constructed by April 1950.
Jan 7,1882 - Apostle Francis M Lyman's diary begins recording month-long
nervous breakdown of Heber J Grant, his successor as Tooele Stake
President. Physician diagnoses Grant's condition as "nervous
convulsions" and warns that condition could lead to "softening of the
brain," if Grant continues his stressful pace of activity. Grant becomes
apostle ten months later and is first LDS leader with diagnosed history
of emotional illness.
Mar 31,1882 - John Taylor closes Church Historian's Office to the
public.
Mar 22,1884 - James E Talmage begins using hashish at Johns Hopkins
University as "my physiological experiment" of its effects. By April 6
he is using twenty grains, "and the effect was felt in a not very
agreeable way." This is last reference in his diary. Four months later
he becomes member of stake high council.
May 17,1888 - At dedication of Manti Temple, Wilford Woodruff says, "We
are not going to stop the practice of plural marriage until the Coming
of the Son of Man."
Feb 27,1889 - LDS political newspaper Salt Lake Herald: "In 1870 Utah
had second highest rate of divorce and in 1880 the tenth highest for all
states and territories."
Jun 8, 1889 - Apostle Lorenzo Snow says that "his sister, the late Eliza
R. Snow Smith, was a firm believer in the principle of reincarnation and
that she claimed to have received if from the Joseph the Prophet, her
husband. He said he saw nothing unreasonable in it, and could believe
it, it it came from the Lord or His oracle."
Dec 5, 1891 - Stake President relates "incident of the Prophet Joseph
telling Dimick B Huntington.....that Noah built the Ark in the land
where South Carolina is now."
Nov 29,1893 - Presidents Wilford Woodruff and George Q Cannon meet with
three apostles and James E Talmage: "That there will also be daughters
of Perdition there is no doubt in the minds of the brethren."
Dec 7,1893 - First Presidency and Twelve decide that garments worn under
clothing should be white. This is first departure of Utah temple garment
from contemporary "Union Suit" which comes in various colors and upon
which Utah "street garment" is based.
Apr 5,1894 - At meeting of First Presidency and apostles, Wilford
Woodruff announces revelation which ends practice of adopting (sealing)
men to LDS leaders.
Apr 9,1894 - Death of Thomas C Sharp, principal conspirator in murder of
Joseph and Hyrum Smith. He has had a successful career as mayor, judge,
school principal and newspaper editor.
Apr 15,1894 - Juvenile Instructor publishes hymn "Our Mother in Heaven,"
which is phrased as prayer to the goddess.
May 18,1894 - In Salt Lake Temple, "Jane Elizabeth Manning (a Negro
woman) is sealed as a servitor for eternity to the Prophet Joseph
Smith." Joseph F. Smith acts as proxy."
Aug 26,1894 - "First time a woman has spoken in the Salt Lake Tabernacle
on the Sabbath at the regular service- the people don't know what to
make of it-it must bode good for women." The speaker is a non-Mormon.
Oct 24,1894 - Wilford Woodruff and his two counselors each give approval
for Apostle Abraham H Cannon to marry another plural wife. In all, ten
general authorities marry post-Manifesto plural wives by permission of
church president or his counselors during next ten years.
Mar 1,1895 - Some non-Mormons are given full tour of dedicated Salt Lake
Temple interior.
Apr 7,1895 - Wilford Woodruff tells conference: "Cease troubling
yourselves about who God is; who Adam is, who Christ is, who Jehovah is.
For Heaven's sake, let these things alone."
Aug 22,1895 - First Presidency and apostles decide to deny temple
endowments to "Black Jane" Manning (James) because of her "negro blood."
Mar 12,1896 - First Presidency gives James E. Talmage "an instruction to
smoke tobacco to relieve his persistent insomnia."
Aug 23,1896 - Sugar House Ward congregation votes against man proposed
as Bishop of new ward to divided from the old. Salt Lake stake president
Angus M. Cannon furiously shouts, "Sit down! and shut your mouths, you
have no right to speak!" When Cannon engages in shouting match with
dissenting congregation, a ward member and policeman threaten to arrest
stake president for disturbing the peace. Cannon more calmly repeats his
attempt but is voted down "again several times." Secretary of the First
Council in attendance writes: "I have been taught that the appointing
power comes from the priesthood and the sustaining power from the people
and that they have the right of sustaining or not sustaining
appointees."
Aug 26,1896 - Apostle Moses Thatcher begins treatment with Keeley
Institute for his addiction to opium and morphine. First Presidency and
apostles tolerated Thatcher as a "morphine fiend" and "opium eater", but
on 26 July his family and friends considered involuntary commitment to
treatment. His is most prominent drug addict in Mormon history. Twelve
drop Thatcher from quorum membership on 19 Nov because of four year
conflict over his insubordination in political matters, but Thatcher's
drug addiction aggravates that conflict.
Nov 5,1896 - Apostle Lorenzo Snow's youngest plural wife bears his last
child in Canada. At age 82 he is the oldest General Authority to father
a child.
Jan 15,1897 - Apostle Brigham Young, Jr. temporarily resigns as
vice-president of Brigham Young Trust Company because first counselor
George Q. Cannon allows its property to become "a first class" brothel
on Commercial Street (now Regent Street), Salt Lake City. Apostle Heber
J. Grant is invited to its opening reception and is stunned to discover
himself inside "a regular whore-house." This situation begins in 1891,
and for fifty years church controlled real estate companies lease houses
of prostitution.
Oct 7,1898 - At general conference Apostle John W. Taylor reports that
in one rural area, 80% of LDS marriages involve premarital sex.
Feb 7,1901 - Apostle Brigham Young, Jr writes that proposal to provide
Utah's school children with smallpox vaccinations is "Gentile doctors
trying to force Babylon into the people and some of them are willing to
disease the blood of our children if they can do so, and they think they
are doing God's service."
Mar 3,1901 - Lorenzo Snow promises Salt Lake temple workers that "some
of us would go back to Jackson County, Missouri."
July 11, 1901 - First Presidency and apostles agree that Danish beer is
not harmful or in violation of Word of Wisdom and release an official
statement to the same affect.
Nov 7,1901 - First Presidency officially declares that there is no "rule
in the church forbidding cousins to intermarry" and that first cousins
can have temple marriages if they present civil license.
Apr 3,1902 - First Presidency and apostles read letter that U.S.
President Theodore Roosevelt and Republican Part leader Mark Hanna
guarantee they will arrange to defeat proposed constitutional amendment
on polygamy and unlawful cohabitation. They expect Mormons to vote
Republican in exchange.
Mar 26,1903 - Joseph F Smith tells apostles "there would be no daughters
of perdition, only sons" in final judgement.
Oct 22,1903 - First Presidency and Twelve authorize purchase of twenty
five acres of the original temple lot at Independence, Jackson County,
Missouri. Purchase is complete on 14 Apr 1904. These purchases continue
throughout twentieth century.
Feb 20 1904 - First verified suicide of full time LDS missionary. He
shoots himself as he is returning to Utah.
Mar 2,1904 - Before committee of U.S. Senate, Joseph F. Smith testifies:
"I have never pretended to nor do I profess to have received
revelations. I never said that I had a revelation except so far as God
has shown me that so-called Mormonism is God's devine truth, that is
all."
Apr 14,1904 - First Presidency and apostles decide to resume sale of
liquor at church resort of Saltair due to need for non-Mormon patronage.
Jan 10,1906 - First Council of Seventy instructs B. H. Roberts to go to
Los Angeles for "recuperation from a weakness for liquor that had
fastened itself upon him."
Oct 6, 1907 - At sustaining of church officers a man votes against
Joseph F. Smith because of his admitted violation of Utah's cohabitation
law. Smith has him ejected from Salt Lake Tabernacle.
1904 - Church president instructs twelve apostles to walk through all
doorways in order of seniority.
1906 - Joseph F. Smith pleads guilty in court to unlawful cohabitation
for which he pays $300 fine.
1907 - General Conference votes to send twenty tons of flour to China
for famine relief. This comes from Relief Society grain storage program.
1909 - October at General Conference, Apostle George Albert Smith stops
speaking after three minutes as he begins to "tremble and perspire."
Apostle Reed Smoot had referred two weeks earlier to Smith's "mental
trouble." Since January Smith's diary has described symptoms of his
eventual collapse. At age thirty-nine he is first general authority
whose debilitating mental problems cannot be attributed to senility.
Hospitalized for ten weeks at Gray's Sanatarium in Salt Lake City, Smith
does not recover from his emotional breakdown until 1913. Problem
re-emerges in 1930's and in 1949-51.
1910 April - Stake president writes of church members "complaining on
account of so many Smiths being chosen." Recent conference sustained
John Henry Smith as second counselor and President Smith's son, Joseph
Fielding Smith, as new apostle. In addition to appointing his son Hyrum
M. an apostle in 1901, Smith also appointed his son David A. Smith to
Presiding Bishopric in 1907.
Oct 2,1910 - First anti-Mormon film, Victim of the Mormons ("Mormons
Offer"), opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. Film goes into international
distribution, is publicly condemned by Apostle David O. McKay at next
general conference. It is target of first censorship effort led by Utah
governor (William Spry, LDS).
Jan 1913 - Deseret News favorably reviews One Hundred Years of
Mormonism, first commercial film about Mormons made with cooperation of
church officials. The 6 reel, 90 minute silent film features one of
Brigham Young's grandsons in the role of his grandfather. During Joseph
F. Smith presidency, Hollywood produces other silent features which
portray Mormonism less favorably: A Trip to Salt Lake City (1905), The
Mountain Meadow Massacre (1912), The Mormon (1912), Deadwood Dick Spoils
Brigham Young(1915), Cecil B. DeMille's A Mormon Maid (1917), and The
Rainbow Trail (1918).
Dec 17,1913 - Death of Joseph Smith's last surviving plural wife, Mary
E. Rollins Lightner. She helped save the still-unbound Book of
Commandments from printing office set afire by mob in 1833. She
witnessed adoption of 1835 D&C, which prohibited polygamy, and became
secret plural wife of Joseph Smith at Nauvoo while still living with her
non-Mormon husband.
Oct 8, 1916 Apostle James E. Talmadge announces in Conference that "The
[ten lost] tribes shall come: they are not lost unto the Lord; they
shall be brought forth as hath been predicted; and I say unto you there
are those now living - aye, some here present - who shall live to read
the records of the Lost Tribes of Israel..."
Mar 22,1919 - "The Nigger" is the new production to be given at the
Social Hall, proclaims Deseret News with explanation: "The Nigger" is
distinctly Southern. It is a romance based on Southern ideals and the
race problem.
Nov 11,1919 - Apostle James E. Talmage attends Third Christian
Citizenship Conference in Pittsburgh as delegate chosen by Utah's
governor. Utah delegates are booed and hissed by 4,000 other delegates.
Talmage hurriedly leaves after some delegates surround him and threaten
to strip off his clothes in order to display his temple garments.
Jan 4,1922 - From 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., Brigham H. Roberts presents
detailed summary of textual and historical problems in Book of Mormon to
combined meeting of First Presidency, apostles, and Seventy's
presidents. He recommends that these problems should be researched and
publicly discussed.
May 17,1923 - First Presidency and Twelve agree to alter temple
undergarment worn outside temple: "buttons instead of strings; no
collar; sleeves above the elbow and few inches below the knee and a
change in the crotch so as to cover the same." Mormons of the time
regard this as a dramatic change from endowment garment introduced by
Joseph Smith.
Nov 26,1923 - Corporation of the President is incorporated, becoming the
successor of the Trustee-in-Trust as center of church financial
operations.
Jan 21,1925 - Mason Grand Lodge of Utah officially prohibits Mormons
from membership in any of its Masonic lodges and provides for expulsion
of any Mormons who are current members of any Utah lodge. Utah is the
only state with formal Masonic restriction against religious group or
denomination. Some Mormons (primarily converts) affiliate or preside in
Masonic lodges outside Utah after 1925.
May 22,1925 - Deseret News editorializes in favor of new Utah law which
legalizes horse racing and pari-mutual betting. Legislature has
appointed Brigham F. Grant as chair of Racing Commission. He is manager
of Deseret News and brother of church president, Heber J. Grant.
Feb 15,1927 - Apostle George F. Richards notifies temples that it is
decision of First Presidency and Quorum of Twelve to immediately omit
from prayer circles "all references to avenging the blood of the
Prophets. Omit from the ordinance and lecture all reference to
retribution." Letter also instructs to "omit the kissing" at the end of
the proxy sealings.
Jan 19-20, 1928 - Frederick M. Smith, RLDS president, supervises
disinterment of his martyred grandfather and granduncle, Joseph and
Hyrum Smith, from coffin-less burial place kept secret since 1844. They
are reburied in coffins, one on each side of Emma Hale Smith Bidamon,
next to Mansion House in Nauvoo.
Sept. 24,1929 - Heber J. Grant writes: "I am free to confess that I am
disappointed with the Yosemite valley. It seems only about one-half as
grand as the American Fork canyon of Utah."
Aug 16,1930 - Heber J. Grant remarks that Apostle George Albert Smith
"is getting very nervous. We don't want him to have another breakdown
such as he had years ago, almost costing him his life." Apostle Smith
doesn't begin describing his symptoms until January 1932, and year later
writes,"My Nerves are nearly gone but am holding on the best I know
how." Symptoms gradually subside and do not resume until he is church
president years later.
April 2,1932 - Heber J. Grant launches campaign against use of tobacco
as part of his emphasis on observing Word of Wisdom by total abstinence
from alcohol, tobacco, tea and coffee. Previously, Section 89 was not
regarded as a commandment nor was it interpreted as simply abstaining
from four specific substances.
May 5,1932 - Apostle Stephen L. Richards tells First Presidency and
Quorum of the Twelve that he will resign as apostle rather than
apologize for his general conference talk which says church is putting
too much emphasis on Word of Wisdom. He later confesses his error to
Heber J. Grant on 26 may and retains his position.
July 29,1932 - Death of George H. Brimhall from self inflicted gunshot.
He served as BYU President from 1904 to 1921 and is only BYU president
to commit suicide.
Dec 9,1933 - Church News article "Mormonism in The New Germany,"
enthusiastically emphasizes parallels "between the LDS Church and some
of the ideas and policies of the National Socialists." First, Nazis have
introduced "Fast Sunday." Second, "it is a very well known fact that
Hitler observes a form of living which Mormons term the Word of Wisdom.
Finally, due to the importance given to the racial question by Nazis and
the almost necessity of proving that one's grandmother was not Jewish,
there no longer is resistance against genealogical research by German
Mormons who now have received letters of encouragement complementing
them for their patriotism."
Jan 25,1936 - Church News Section photograph of LDS basketball team in
Germany giving "Sieg Heil: salute of Nazi Party."
Oct 31,1936 - First Presidency publishes unsigned editorial in Deseret
News, which argues against re-election of Democratic president Franklin
D. Roosevelt. Editorial, written by J. Reuben Clark, accuses F.D.R. of
unconstitutional and Communist activities. In response one thousand
Mormons angrily cancel their subscriptions to the News. Three days
later, 69.3 percent of Utah's voters help re-elect Roosevelt. Utah's
electorate re-elects F.D.R. again (1940,1944), despite First
Presidency's opposition.
Mar 29,1940 - First Presidency asks Apostle Joseph Fielding Smith to
chair "Literature Censorship Committee authorized by Quorum of the
Twelve last Thursday."
Mar 10,1941 - First Presidency orders Clayton Investment Company to get
rid of its "whore-houses," no matter the financial loss, so that church
affiliated company can merge with church-owned Zion's Securities Corp.
Ends fifty years of church's leases to brothels.
June 8,1941 - First counselor J. Reuben Clark tells annual conference of
youth and their leaders: "When I was a boy it was preached from the
stand, and my father and mother repeated the principle to me time and
time again. They said, 'Reuben, we had rather bury you than to have you
become unchaste.' and that is the law of this Church." This doctrine
continues in the church and is included in all editions of Bruce R.
McConkie's great work Mormon Doctrine under the heading "Chastity."
June 1945 - Improvement Era states: "When our leaders speak, the
thinking has been done." This is the ward teacher's message to all
members for the month. To an inquiring Unitarian minister, George Albert
Smith writes that "not a few members of the Church have been upset in
their feelings, and General Authorities have been embarrassed" by above
statement. "Even to imply that members of the Church are not to do their
own thinking is grossly to misrepresent the true ideal of the Church,"
he continues. However, church president's retraction reaches one
non-Mormon, while original statement reaches entire LDS population
without similar retraction.
Oct 6,1946 - Public release of Joseph Fielding Smith (b. 1899) as
Patriarch to Church due to "ill health" but actually due to discovery of
his recent homosexual activity.
Oct 9,1946 - First Presidency and apostles decide to allow faithful
African-American Mormons to receive patriarchal blessings, and Patriarch
Eldred G. Smith blesses black couple for the first time.
April 16,1948 - Apostle Mark E. Petersen asks for permission to instruct
local leaders to begin excommunication trials for persons he suspects of
having disloyal attitudes towards LDS Church. First Counselor J. Reuben
Clark warns Petersen "to be careful about the insubordination or
disloyalty question, because they ought to be permitted to think, you
can't throw a man off for thinking."
Jan 20,1949 - President George Albert Smith begins week's stay in
California Lutheran Hospital for his "tired nerves," which his diary
first refers to at Oct 1948 general conference. He is first LDS
president with history of severe emotional illness and hospitalization.
He does not recover from this episode until mid May 1949, when able to
be in First Presidency office at least half day. Smith is absent from
church headquarters 12 Jan to 27 Feb 1950 to stay at Laguna Beach,
California, "to rest my nerves." He returns there to recuperate again
for ten days in March. Year later his nurse notes that church president
is "very confused, very nervous." Ten days before his death, nurse adds
that George Albert Smith is "irrational at times."
April 5,1949 - First counselor J. Reuben Clark tells meeting of bishops:
"I wish that we could get over being flattered into almost anything. If
any stranger comes among us and tells us how wonderful we are, he pretty
much nearly owns us."
Aug 17,1951 - First Presidency statement that church's restriction on
negroid peoples receiving priesthood "is not a matter of the declaration
of policy but of direct commandment from the Lord."
Oct 16,1951 - Temple council of First Presidency, Quorum of Twelve
Apostles and Patriarch to church decides to allow beer commercials on
church-owned KSL television station.
Nov 5,1951 - First Presidency learns of plans by Warner Brothers to make
film about Mountain Meadows Massacre, based on recent scholarly book by
LDS Juanita Brooks. Within seven days First Presidency successfully
persuades Hollywood studio to kill project.
Mar 3,1953 - First Presidency secretary answers Mormon's inquiry about
receiving blood transfusions from African Americans: "The LDS Hospital
here in Salt Lake City has a blood bank which does not contain any
colored blood." This represents five year effort to keep LDS Hospital's
blood bank separate from American Red Cross system in order "to protect
the purity of the blood streams of the people of this Church" (Counselor
J. Reuben Clark's phrase.)
March 30,1955 - Quorum of Twelve recommends establishment of separate
unit or branch for African-American members in Salt Lake City.
April 10,1956 - Non-LDS governor of Utah, J. Bracken Lee, speaks of his
counsel to prominent non-Mormons: "I said to them you are never going to
have any success in Utah unless you let the leaders of the Church give
you some advice."
Dec 4,1959 - Budget Committee reports that church spent $8 million more
than its revenues that year. As result, church permanently stops
releasing annual reports of expenditures.
Jan 7-8,1960 - First Presidency decides that Bruce R. McConkie's Mormon
Doctrine "must not be re-published, as it is full of errors and
misstatements, and it is most unfortunate that it has received such wide
circulation." They are exasperated that McConkie and his publisher
released the book without pre-publication publicity or notifying First
Presidency. Even his father-in-law, senior apostle, Joseph Fielding
Smith, "did not know anything about it until it was published." This is
McConkie's way to avoid repetition of Presidency's stopping his
pre-announced Sound Doctrine three years earlier. Committee of two
apostles (Mark E. Petersen and Marion G. Romney) report that McConkie's
Mormon Doctrine contains 1,067 doctrinal errors. For example, page 493
said: "Those who falsely and erroneously suppose that God is progressing
in knowledge and gaining new truths cannot exercise sufficient faith in
him to gain salvation until they divest themselves of their false
beliefs." However, McConkie is affirming doctrine of omniscience
officially condemned by previous First Presidency and Quorum of the
Twelve Apostles in 1865. In announcing their decision to the Twelve on
28 Jan 1960, First Presidency says there should be no revised edition of
Mormon Doctrine. Presidency reverses initial decision on 7 Jan. "that
the book should be officially repudiated."
By 28 Jan Presidency decides against requiring McConkie to make public
apology because "it might lessen his influence" as general authority.
In 1966 year after his father-in-law becomes assistant counselor to
First Presidency, McConkie publishes second edition of Mormon Doctrine.
It corrects only a few of first edition "errors" cited by First
Presidency and apostles in 1960. Book becomes best seller among
Latter-day Saints. McConkie becomes member of Quorum of Twelve Apostles
to fill vacancy which his father-in-law's death creates in 1972.
Nov 10,1960 - Brigham Young University's president tells Executive
Committee of BYU's trustees "about a colored boy on campus having been a
candidate for the vice presidency of a class and receiving a very large
vote." The three apostles present want to exclude all African Americans
from BYU. "If a granddaughter of mine should ever go the BYU and become
engaged to a colored boy," Apostle Harold B. Lee fumes, "I would hold
you responsible!"
May 14,1961 - Apostle Joseph Fielding Smith announces to stake
conference in Honolulu: "We will never get a man into space. This earth
is man's sphere and it was never intended that he should get away from
it." Smith, the Twelve's president and next in succession as LDS
President, adds: "The moon is a superior planet to the earth and it was
never intended that man should go there. You can write it down in your
books that this will never happen." In May 1962, he privately instructs
that this view be taught to "the boys and girls in the Seminary System."
On 20 July 1969 U.S. Astronauts are first men to walk on moon. Six
months later Joseph Fielding Smith becomes church president.
June 22,1961 - First Presidency supports plan to persuade U.S. Army to
send its "colored contingents" to California rather than to Utah. At its
same meeting Presidency agrees to allow baptism of Nigerians seeking
membership in church.
Feb 3,1962 - Church News Headlines, "MIA Bans The Twist," popular dance
among teenagers and young adults. This prohibition is widely ignored by
youth and even by adult leaders in some wards and stakes, especially in
Britain and Europe.
May 25,1962 - Boyd K. Packer is first to earn regular doctorate while
serving as general authority. He receives Ed.D. degree from Brigham
Young University.
Sep 19,1962 - First Presidency rules that prominent Egyptian polygamist
can be baptized because polygamy is legal in Egypt. This is in reference
to "an earlier ruling in the matter of Indians who had married more than
one wife and it was decided that they may be baptized, if they were
legally married according to their tribal customs."
Oct 27,1962 - In midst of Cuban Missile Crisis, Apostle Ezra Taft Benson
publicly endorses John Birch Society as "the most effective non-church
organization in our fight against creeping socialism and godless
communism," and his son Reed A. Benson announces that he is Utah
coordinator of the society.
Jan 1,1964 - "Home Teaching" replaces traditional "ward teaching"
program of monthly visits of priesthood men to church members. This
begins new emphasis on family life which subtly (yet fundamentally)
replaces previous priorities of God, Church and family with new ranking
of family, church and God.
Feb 29,1964 - After forty one years teaching in Church Education System,
George S. Tanner writes that "a large majority of CES teachers are so
narrow and ignorant that it is a shame to have them indoctrinating our
young people. I would much rather my sons and daughters go to other
schools in the state than have them led by these religious fanatics."
Apr 15,1964 - Daryl Chase, Mormon president of Utah State University,
confides that "the LDS church has a greater strangle hold on the people
and institutions of the state now than they had in Brigham's time.
Complete academic freedom is actually non-existent."
March 3,1965 - Apostle Harold B. Lee is "protesting vigorously over our
having given a scholarship at BYU to a negro student from Africa.
Brother Lee holds the traditional belief as revealed in the Old
Testament that the races ought to be kept together and that there is
danger in trying to integrate them on the BYU campus."
April 29,1965 - BYU President Ernest L. Wilkinson makes first reference
in his diary to receiving reports from student "spy ring" he has
authorized and which becomes national scandal within ten months.
July 1967 - Church-wide Priesthood Bulletin prohibits women from praying
in sacrament meeting.
Nov 27,1967 - New York Metropolitan Museum of Art gives to LDS church
the original Egyptian papyri upon which Joseph Smith based "Book of
Abraham" in Pearl of Great Price. Scholars and church officials
authenticate papyri as the same used by Smith. Apostle N. Eldon Tanner
states the discovery of the papyri will finally prove Joseph Smith could
translate ancient documents. Unfortunately, Egyptologists, LDS and
non-LDS, verify that these papyri are typical "Book of Breathings" in
form and content. Church officials begin repressing the story that the
original papyri have been discovered and are in their possession.
June 33,1967 - BYU's president receives "confidential draft" by Terry
Warner, professor of philosophy and religion, that "freedom of speech as
it is known today is a secular concept and has no place of any kind at
the BYU."
Nov 19,1967 - BYU's administration discuss possibility of taking legal
action to close down off campus student newspaper.
Dec 19,1967 - BYU's Daily Universe publishes article in favor of
recruiting African American athletes. BYU's president writes: "This
argues all the more in favor of our making the student newspaper an
agency of our Communications Department rather than a student
publication." Universe ceases to be independent student paper on 18 Apr
1969, but "nothing would be announced about this new policy."
Sep 14,1971 - Apollo 15 astronauts present to President Joseph Fielding
Smith a Utah state flag that has traveled with them to the moon.
May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
April 6,1974 - April conference sustains Neal A. Maxwell as Assistant to
the Twelve, first general authority who previously worked for U.S.
Government's Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Maxwell becomes member
of the twelve in 1981.
Aug 14,1976 - New York Times reports U.S. patent granted to Mormons G.
Richard Jacobs, Cluff Peck, Dean G. Doderquist for "speaking mannequins"
at LDS information centers.
Nov 1,1977 - Spencer W. Kimball dedicates Osmond Family Studio in Orem,
Utah.
Feb 15,1978 - First Presidency letter that Mohammed and Confucius
"received a portion of God's light."
June 9,1978 - First Presidency announces "priesthood now available to
all worthy male members." First Presidency secretary Francis M. Gibbons
writes that this change "seemed to relieve them of a subtle sense of
guilt they had felt over the years."
June 17,1978 - Church News headline "Interracial Marriage Discouraged"
in same issue which announces authorization of priesthood for those of
black African descent. Sources at church headquarters indicate that
Apostle Mark E. Petersen requires this emphasis.
Dec 29,1978 - First Presidency allows women to pray in sacrament
meetings again, rescind earlier ban from July 1967.
August 1979 - Church's Ensign magazine publishes first counselor N.
Eldon Tanner's statement: "When the prophet speaks the debate is over,"
which echoes Improvement Era's message of June 1945.
Feb 7,1980 - Dallin H. Oaks, president of BYU, is chair of board for
television's Public Broadcasting Service. He continues as PBS Chair
after his appointment to Twelve in April 1984.
March 2,1980 - Introduction of "Consolidated Meeting Schedule" of
three-hours on Sundays. This eliminates week-day meetings of
auxiliaries, as well as traditional twice daily Sunday meetings. This
eases transportation and weekly scheduling but erodes fellowshipping
opportunities and diminishes tightly knit social environment of LDS
Wards. By 1996, this has severely diminished emotional ties of North
American Mormon youth to LDS community, eroding what is called "Mormon
ethnic identity." Most dramatic manifestation of this trend is fact that
for first time in Mormon history, young women cease LDS participation at
greater percentages than young men (according to general authority Jack
H. Goaslind's statement in BYU Daily Universe, 31 Aug 1992). Likewise,
despite absolute increase in missionary numbers, proportion of Mormon
males who accept full time missions has decreased significantly in North
America.
July 3,1981 - After nearly eleven years of losing advertising revenues,
Deseret News begins publishing ads for R-rated movies.
August 22,1981 - Apostle Boyd K. Packer instructs BYU religion faculty,
all seminary and institute teachers, and administrators of Church
Education System that Mormon history, "if not properly written or
properly taught, may be a faith destroyer," and he affirms that Mormon
historians are wrong in publicizing controversial elements of Mormon
past. BYU Studies publishes this address in full. At request of
students, BYU history professor gives his perspective on Elder Packer's
talk and role of historical inquiry to meeting of BYU's history majors.
Summarized within days by off-campus student newspaper Seventh East
Press, this conflict between some apostles and some Mormon historians is
subject of Feb 1982 Newsweek article which quotes BYU professor that "a
history which makes LDS leaders flawless and benignly angelic would
border on idolatry."
Oct 1,1981 - New York Times reports official announcement that new
edition of Book of Mormon changes prophecy that Lamanites will "become
white and delightsome." Instead of continuing original reference to skin
color, new edition emphasizes inward spirituality: "become pure and
delightsome."
Oct 31,1981 - Apostle Bruce R. McConkie preaches to combined stakes of
BYU that second coming of Jesus Christ will not be in his lifetime or in
lifetime of his children or his grandchildren. This runs contrary to the
common folk belief that Christ will come in year 2000 or shortly
thereafter.
March 2,1982 - In televised sermon at BYU Apostle Bruce R. McConkie
denounces "spiritually immature students and other Mormons who devote
themselves to gaining a special personal relationship with Christ." He
criticizes widely circulated book on that topic by popular religion
professor George Pace who writes public letter of apology within days
and is released as stake president shortly thereafter.
April 2,1982 - First Presidency announces service of male missionaries
is reduced from 24 months to 18 months. "It is anticipated that this
shortened term will make it possible for many to go who cannot go under
present financial circumstances," counselor Gordon B. Hinckley explains.
"This will extend the opportunity for missionary service to an enlarged
body of our young men." Instead, the annual number of new missionaries
level off. Annual convert baptisms decline more than 7 percent each year
rather than increase by same proportion as before.
Jan 11,1983 - Second counselor Gordon B. Hinckley pays document dealer
Mark Hoffmann $15,000 for alleged Joseph Smith letter about his treasure
digging activities. He has Hoffmann agree not to mention the
transaction to anyone else and then he sequesters document in First
Presidency's vault. First Presidency does not acknowledge its existence
until Los Angeles Times is about to release story about document, which
Hoffmann later admits he forged.
April 15,1983 - University Post: The Unofficial Newspaper of Brigham
Young University reports interview with director of Standards
Department. He acknowledges that students suspected of cheating, illegal
drug use, stealing, or homosexuality are expelled from BYU if they
refuse to take polygraph examination. BYU Security has licensed
polygraph examiner.
Nov 26,1984 - First Presidency announces that as of 1 January mission
service for young men will return to 24 months.
May 5,1985 - LDS Astronaut Don Lind administers sacrament in zero
gravity Skylab 3.
June 9,1985 - Church headquarters telephones all bishops in Utah, Idaho
and Arizona with instructions to forbid discussion of Linda Newell and
Valeen Tippetts Avery's biography Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith in
Relief Society or other church meetings. Lasting for ten months, this
ban is apparently what triples book's sales.
April 4,1987 - First Counselor Gordon B. Hinckley tells priesthood
session of conference that "marriage should not be viewed as a
therapeutic step to solve problems such as homosexual inclinations of
practices..." This reverses decades long policy formulated by Spencer W.
Kimball.
Oct 2,1988 - Michaelene P. Grassli, general Primary President, is first
woman to speak in general conference in 133 years.
Oct 12,1989 - Deseret News reports that representative of Eli Lilly
pharmaceutical company confirms that Utah has highest per-capita use in
nation of anti-depressant Prozac.
April 1,1991 - Student at BYU's commencement offers prayer to "Our
Mother and Father in Heaven."
April 17,1991 - Chronicle of Higher Education reports that Utah "ranks
last in proportion of students who are female" throughout the United
States. This is result of Utah's "traditions that inhibit the
educational progress of women."
Aug 9,1991 - Salt Lake Tribune article, "Of LDS Women, 58% Admit
Premarital Sex."
April 4,1992 - Apostle Richard G. Scott tells general conference that
LDS women should avoid "morbid probing into details of past acts, long
buried and mercifully forgotten," and that "the Lord may prompt a victim
to recognize a degree of responsibility for abuse."
Among his concluding remarks: "Remember, false accusation is also a
sin," and "bury the past." Unspoken background to his remarks is that in
recent years current stake presidents and temple workers have been
accused of child abuse by their now adult children. Salt Lake Tribune
reports that suicide prevention lines are swamped with telephone calls
by women in days after Scott's remarks.
Aug 8,1992 - Salt Lake Tribune reports that First Presidency's spokesman
has acknowledged existence of special "Strengthening the Members
Committee" that keeps secret files on church members regarded as
disloyal. Due to publicity on this matter, including New York Times,
Presidency issues statement on 13 Aug. defending organization of this
apostle-directed committee as consistent with God's commandment to
Joseph Smith to gather documentation about non-Mormons who mob and
persecute LDS Church. Presidency lists Apostles James E. Faust and
Russell M. Nelson as leading the committee.
May 18,1993 - Apostle Boyd K. Packer tells All-Church Coordinating
Council that LDS church faces three major threats: "The dangers I speak
of come from the gay-lesbian movement, the feminist movement (both of
which are relatively new), and the ever-present challenge from the
so-called scholars or intellectuals."
June 27,1993 - Counselor Gordon B. Hinckley dedicates former Hotel Utah
as new Joseph Smith Memorial Building to serve primarily as additional
office space for LDS central bureaucracy. Its large theatres also begin
showing devotional film, "Legacy" (about Mormon pioneers), scripted by
Academy award-winner Keith Merrill according to Hinckley's
instruction:"I want them to leave the theatre crying."
Nov 6,1994 - Apostle M. Russell Ballard tells 25,000 students at BYU
that general authorities "will not lead you astray. We cannot." This
claim of infallibility is officially published, and he repeats it to
another BYU devotional meeting in March 1996.
May 3,1995 - Agreement between LDS church and American Gathering of
Jewish Holocaust Survivors "over the issue of posthumous baptisms of
Jewish Holocaust victims." First Presidency agrees to "remove from next
issue of International Genealogical Index [public-access record only]
names of all known posthumously baptized Jewish holocaust victims,"and
"to discontinue any further baptisms of deceased Jews, including all
lists of Jewish Holocaust victims who are known Jews, except if they
were direct ancestors of living members of the Church."
Sept. 1995 - Ensign magazine publishes First Presidency message by
second counselor James E. Faust which denounces "the false belief of
inborn homosexual orientation." Next month's Ensign contains what
appears as one apostle's direct challenge to First Presidency's
unequivocal statement. In his October article "Same-Gender Attraction,"
Dallin H. Oaks writes: "There are also theories and some evidence that
inheritance is a factor in susceptibilities to various behavior-related
disorders like aggression, alcoholism, and obesity. It is easy to
hypothesize that inheritance plays a role in sexual orientation."
1996 Fall, Brigham Young University Studies publishes study by two
sociologists who analyze 1,384 questionnaires submitted by LDS
"householders," including discovery that LDS men are more likely to
think they are going to heaven ("celestial kingdom") than women think of
themselves. Men are less likely to attend church or pray privately than
women.
--
Source: The Mormon Hierarchy : Extensions of Power - D. MICHAEL QUINN
Hardback. 960 Pages. / 1-56085-060-4 /
For synopsis and bio of author see:
http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
GRaleigh345
A great many people under the age of 70 in the U.S. believe that the War
Between the States was fought "to free the slaves."
A significant number of Mexicans, both legal and illegal, living in Los Angeles
believe that a country named "Atzalan" (located between California and Texas)
was conquered by the Anglos and subjugated.
A number of people believe that the U.S. was not a Christian country when it
was settled.
People believe what they want. You do too.
Raleigh
But even a good idea can be spoiled by clumsy execution. Worse still, the idea
can backfire--particularly if people come to suspect that ulterior motives are
at work.
Zbigniew Brzezinski
Darrick Evenson
Yes, Brigham Young was a tyrant, and a snoundrel, and STOLE hundreds
of thousands of dollars each year from the Tithing Fund all the while
poor Mormons had to often fend for themselves. He was a pig.
John Manning <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message news:<10ba4ki...@news.supernews.com>...
nyscof
> > May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
> > supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
> > Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
> > Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
> > support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
While we doubt fluoridation is a communist plot, it's interesting to
note that Utah has the lowest fluoridattion rate (2%) and is the state
with the residents who have lost the least number of teeth to tooth
decay or gum disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation
http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
John Manning
GRaleigh345 wrote:
> John, the sad truth is that most history is distorted.
Or ignored.
> A great many people under the age of 70 in the U.S. believe that the War
> Between the States was fought "to free the slaves."
60% of Americans still believe Saddam had WMD when we invaded. The same
number still believe Saddam participated in 9/11. History has and will
accurately set the record straight.
> A significant number of Mexicans, both legal and illegal, living in Los Angeles
> believe that a country named "Atzalan" (located between California and Texas)
> was conquered by the Anglos and subjugated.
A significant number of LDS people believe that God requires cash
payments to the church to be worthy of the CK.
> A number of people believe that the U.S. was not a Christian country when it
> was settled.
Apparently George Washington was one of them:
"The government of the United States is not, in any sense, founded on
the Christian religion.
~ George Washington, Treaty of Tripoli, 1796
> People believe what they want. You do too.
People can also develop a blind eye.
John
Googleplex
"nyscof" <nys...@aol.com> wrote in message
news:988f53c3.04052...@posting.google.com...
> darrick...@yahoo.com (Darrick Evenson) wrote in message
> > >
> > > May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
> > > supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
> > > Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
> > > Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
> > > support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
>
> While we doubt fluoridation is a communist plot, it's interesting to
> note that Utah has the lowest fluoridattion rate (2%) and is the state
> with the residents who have lost the least number of teeth to tooth
> decay or gum disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
Maybe Utah has the highest flossing rate per capita.
John Manning
nyscof wrote:
> darrick...@yahoo.com (Darrick Evenson) wrote in message
>
>>>May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
>>>supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
>>>Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
>>>Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
>>>support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
>
>
> While we doubt fluoridation is a communist plot, it's interesting to
> note that Utah has the lowest fluoridattion rate (2%)
> and is the state
> with the residents who have lost the least number of teeth to tooth
> decay or gum disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
"58% of Utah children 6 through 8 years of age have at least one filling
or untreated cavity. These rates are higher than in many areas of the
country. Utah adults also have dental restorations and decay at a rate
above the nations average. 51% of Utah citizens are serviced by
community water systems with optimum levels of flouride."
Utah Department of Health
http://health.utah.gov/oralhealth/Fluoridation04.PDF
Is lying part of your religion?
LOL.
Prosthetic Froglegs
"Googleplex" <goo...@plex.com> wrote in message
news:GvWdnSqK-qv...@aros.net...
It would have to be so, and by a long shot too. If the fluoridation rate is
the lowest in the nation and tooth decay is also lowest in the nation, then
unless residents are exceptionally good at brushing, flossing, and eating
healthy, it makes you wonder about the effectiveness of fluoride?
Prosthetic Froglegs
>>>>May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
>>>>supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
>>>>Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
>>>>Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
>>>>support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
>>
>>
>> While we doubt fluoridation is a communist plot, it's interesting to
>> note that Utah has the lowest fluoridattion rate (2%)
> > and is the state
>> with the residents who have lost the least number of teeth to tooth
>> decay or gum disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
>
>
> "58% of Utah children 6 through 8 years of age have at least one filling
> or untreated cavity. These rates are higher than in many areas of the
> country. Utah adults also have dental restorations and decay at a rate
> above the nations average. 51% of Utah citizens are serviced by community
> water systems with optimum levels of flouride."
>
That sounds a bit more believable/
nyscof
> nyscof wrote:
>
> > darrick...@yahoo.com (Darrick Evenson) wrote in message
> >
> >>>May 13,1972 - May Presidency letter that "fluoridation of public water
> >>>supplies to prevent tooth decay" is one of the "non-moral issues" that
> >>>Mormons should vote on "according to their honest convictions." John
> >>>Birch Society, which Apostle Ezra Taft Benson and many other Mormons
> >>>support, is condemning fluoridation as a Communist "plot."
> >
> >
> > While we doubt fluoridation is a communist plot, it's interesting to
> > note that Utah has the lowest fluoridattion rate (2%)
> > and is the state
> > with the residents who have lost the least number of teeth to tooth
> > decay or gum disease, according to the Centers for Disease Control.
>
>
> "58% of Utah children 6 through 8 years of age have at least one filling
> or untreated cavity. These rates are higher than in many areas of the
> country. Utah adults also have dental restorations and decay at a rate
> above the nations average. 51% of Utah citizens are serviced by
> community water systems with optimum levels of flouride."
>
According to the CDC, Utah is only 2% fluoridated
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nohss/bystate.asp?stateid=49 Maybe your figure
include newly fluoridated communities which wouldn't factor into tooth
decay statistics.
The 58% cavity rate may seem significant to the uninitiated. However,
72% of Arkansas third-graders have cavities despite 60% state-wide
fluoridation rate.
Low-income pre-schoolers, from northern Manhattan, New York City (100%
fluoridated), have significantly more cavities than pre-schoolers
nationwide (62% fluoridated) and average more tooth decay than the
entire U.S. population(1). Researchers report about one third of
northern Manhattan's pre-school children studied averaged 6.39 decayed
or filled tooth surfaces.
Maryland's poor 3- to 5-year-old's cavity rates are even worse.
Despite Maryland's significant fluoridation rate (85.8%), "(t)he
percentage of children with (cavities) increased by age, from 43% for
three-year-olds to 62% for four-year-olds,"(2) report Maryland
researchers.
(1) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=
PubMed&list_uids=12064497&dopt=Abstract
(2) www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=
PubMed&list_uids=12064502&dopt=Abstract
Cavity rates have all to do about diet - not fluoride.
And, no, we don't lie; we just do research.
New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc.
http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
Greg
>
>
> GRaleigh345 wrote:
>
> > John, the sad truth is that most history is distorted.
>
>
> Or ignored.
>
Yes John, Whats checks and balances did you do re this current book youare
advertising ?
Obviously None. You take evry word for granted as long as it alignes with
your slanted view.
> A significant number of LDS people believe that God requires cash
> payments to the church to be worthy of the CK.
John Manning quit being a Momrom because he was caught robbing God , Where ?
In Tithes and offerings. !
Evidence: It is written, he is commie, and has taken a penny from a blind
man.
Source: this post.
Greg
John Manning
Greg wrote:
> "John Manning" <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message
> news:10bbu6o...@news.supernews.com...
>
>>
>>GRaleigh345 wrote:
>>
>>
>>>John, the sad truth is that most history is distorted.
>>
>>
>>Or ignored.
>>
>
>
> Yes John, Whats checks and balances did you do re this current book youare
> advertising ?
>
> Obviously None. You take evry word for granted as long as it alignes with
> your slanted view.
>
>
>>A significant number of LDS people believe that God requires cash
>>payments to the church to be worthy of the CK.
>
>
> John Manning quit being a Momrom because he was caught robbing God , Where ?
> In Tithes and offerings. !
> Evidence: It is written, he is commie, and has taken a penny from a blind
> man.
> Source: this post.
John Manning has never been a Momron [Greg's spelling of 'Mormon']. I
think that Greg, since he's become an apostate, is experimenting with
the sauce.
Prosthetic Froglegs
> John Manning has never been a Momron [Greg's spelling of 'Mormon']. I
> think that Greg, since he's become an apostate, is experimenting with the
> sauce.
Really, John. Responding with childish "you spell bad" attacks? Come now.
To properly communicate over the internet by way of typing words to each
other, we must understand the Typonese language. You would probably get
really mad if I called you John Mannign, right?
<snep>
Prosthetic Froglegs
Now I'm all confused. I'm hearing this slant and that slant. I want ALL
the numbers now! I wanna know! And knowing is half the battle.
John Manning
Prosthetic Froglegs wrote:
Just playin', Mr. F.
Googleplex
"Prosthetic Froglegs" <ten.tsacmoc@mapson@ackmklslk> wrote in message
news:6qmdnS-c_Nt...@comcast.com...
> Now I'm all confused. I'm hearing this slant and that slant. I want ALL
> the numbers now! I wanna know! And knowing is half the battle.
>
The biggest correlation, no doubt, relates good oral hygiene and cavity
rate.
Prosthetic Froglegs
I'm not sure which way my belief swings, but take this story for example.
Once there was a dentist named Dr. Weston A. Price. In the 1930s, he and
his wife went around the world, gathering data from dozens of countries. He
was looking for the healthiest people on earth. That is, the ones with the
longest lifespan, no degenerative disease, no tooth decay, strongest bones,
and best physiques. Everywhere he went, Dr. Price would check the bones and
teeth of the various tribes and civilizations, including:
Swiss Alpine villages
Fiji
Eskimos
Seminole Indians
Canadian Indians
Scottish primitives
Melanesia
Hawaii
What Price found was startling and undeniable: across the board, those
primitive civilizations and cultures enjoyed sound teeth, strong bones, and
lives generally free from degenerative disease, provided there was adequate
natural food and a mineral-rich water supply. Then invariably, as soon as
the enzymeless foods of commerce (processed foods, pasteurized, homogenized
dairy, foods with preservatives to lengthen shelf life -- ie white flour,
white sugar) became available to these simple people, within a few years,
their teeth would be rotten, their bones would soften, and they would
experience the onset of epidemic degenerative diseases, just like the ones
that previal in America today.
The common factor in the new foods which infiltrated and corrupted the diets
of the primitive societies, again, was lack of enzymes.
I doubt that these primitive peoples had a very good idea of what modern
oral hygiene is all about.
Dr. Price also examined ancient skulls from the burial grounds of many of
these civilizations. He was looking to correlat the amount of tooth decay
with the formation of the dental arches, as well as the formation of the
facial bones and the nostrils. Location after location, Price's findings
were overwhelmingly consistent: when the isolated people had a primitive
diet consisting of fish, whole grains, raw dairy, and a mineral-rich
environment, the people enjoyed perfect teeth, and a very low incidence of
infectious and degenerative disease. Prive correlated beyond a doubt the
exposure of primitive people to whie flour and white sugar with all the
following:
Bone thinning
Facial deformity
Mouth breathers, because nostrils did not develop properly
Rampant tooth decay
Tuberculosis
Arthritis
-Just a bit of an article by Dr. Tim O'Shea, with references to:
CDC---- National Vital Statistics --- 1999.
Schlosser, E---- Fast Food Nation -- 2001
Naisbitt, J----- Megatrends 2000 --- Harpe 1991.
Douglass, WC, MD -- The Milk Book 1984.
D'Raye, T ---- Food Enzymes --- Avieca 1997.
Howell, Edward, MD ---- Enzyme Nutrition ---Avery 1988
Bieler, H MD ---- Food Is Your Best Medicine--- Random House, 1965.
Price, W, DDS---- Nutrition and Physical Degeneration ---1939 Keats
Tilden, JH, MD ---- Toxemia Explained --- Kessinger 1926.
Lee, RoyaL, DDS ---- Conversations in Nutrition ---
Standard Process 1955.
Wiley, H MD ---- The Foods and Their Adulterations --- 1930.
Guyton, AC, MD ---- Medical Physiology --- Saunders 1996.
Twogood, D ---- No Milk --- Wilhelmina 1991.
Whittaker, J, MD---- Best and Worst of Today's Supplements
Carrel, Alexis MD---- Man, The Unknown --- 1935 MacFadden
Jensen, Bernard ---- Empty Harvest --- Avery 1990
Anderson R ---- Cleanse and Purify --- 1998
Mendelsohn R, MD ---- Confessions of a Medical Heretic
"How Safe is Soy?"
Newlife Magazine May 1996.
O'Shea T---- The Magic Bean? Soy-tainly Not!---
-
-
Now if these primitive peoples with no knowledge of fluoride, oral hygiene,
or dental work, can have perfect teeth until the day they die, then why do
we really believe that all that works as well as it purportedly should?
Greg
> John Manning has never been a Momron \
Now you get it ! That was my point John. That you are not checking nor
verifying information from the book against other sources before you peddle
it as truth.
There is no difference between that and my making false statements about you
without checking facts, as in the example I gave as "evidence" of your past
.
Greg
> >
John Manning
Greg wrote:
> "John Manning" <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message
> news:10behg0...@news.supernews.com...
>
>
>>John Manning has never been a Momron \
>
>
> Now you get it ! That was my point John. That you are not checking nor
> verifying information from the book against other sources before you peddle
> it as truth.
> There is no difference between that and my making false statements about you
> without checking facts, as in the example I gave as "evidence" of your past
Aah. But I lived in Utah for 35+ years. Even went to BYU where I took
BOM classes from Cleon Skousen. I've read the BOM cover to cover at
least seven times and studied the LDS Church and it's history for years.
If you think anything that Quinn wrote isn't factual, show some counter
evidence. Otherwise just attempting to insult me makes you look silly;
childish.
Quinn was a Professor of History at BYU, a church insider. His work is
considered scholarly and accurate. Check out his credentials here and
then tell me he's full of crap:
http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
JRM
Clovis Lark
> Greg wrote:
>> "John Manning" <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message
>> news:10behg0...@news.supernews.com...
>>
>>
>>>John Manning has never been a Momron \
>>
>>
>> Now you get it ! That was my point John. That you are not checking nor
>> verifying information from the book against other sources before you peddle
>> it as truth.
>> There is no difference between that and my making false statements about you
>> without checking facts, as in the example I gave as "evidence" of your past
> Aah. But I lived in Utah for 35+ years.
But I slept in a Holiday Inn Express last night...
> Even went to BYU where I took
> BOM classes from Cleon Skousen. I've read the BOM cover to cover at
> least seven times and studied the LDS Church and it's history for years.
Stop it! I thought I could respct you...
>If you think anything that Quinn wrote isn't factual, show some counter
> evidence. Otherwise just attempting to insult me makes you look silly;
> childish. Quinn was a Professor of History at BYU, a church insider. His work is
> considered scholarly and accurate. Check out his credentials here and
> then tell me he's full of crap:
> http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
He's full of crap!
> JRM
LMNOP!
Prosthetic Froglegs
>> then tell me he's full of crap:
>> http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
>
> He's full of crap!
Well, you did what he said.
John Manning
Clovis Lark wrote:
> John Manning <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote:
>
>
>
>>Greg wrote:
>>
>>>"John Manning" <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message
>>>news:10behg0...@news.supernews.com...
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>>John Manning has never been a Momron \
>>>
>>>
>>>Now you get it ! That was my point John. That you are not checking nor
>>>verifying information from the book against other sources before you peddle
>>>it as truth.
>>>There is no difference between that and my making false statements about you
>>>without checking facts, as in the example I gave as "evidence" of your past
>
>
>
>>Aah. But I lived in Utah for 35+ years.
>
>
> But I slept in a Holiday Inn Express last night...
Was it in American Fark?
>>Even went to BYU where I took
>>BOM classes from Cleon Skousen. I've read the BOM cover to cover at
>>least seven times and studied the LDS Church and it's history for years.
>
>
> Stop it! I thought I could respct you...
It's all true. BYU was a logistic necessity at the time. I had use of a
free house in Provo. Only lasted 2 semesters at the BYU - all I could
stomach - transferred to the UoU, where the girls didn't pretend as much.
>>If you think anything that Quinn wrote isn't factual, show some counter
>>evidence. Otherwise just attempting to insult me makes you look silly;
>>childish. Quinn was a Professor of History at BYU, a church insider. His work is
>>considered scholarly and accurate. Check out his credentials here and
>>then tell me he's full of crap:
>>http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
> He's full of crap!
Fannie's receptacle reportedly got full of a married prophet's
reproductive liquid. So what?
>>JRM
>
>
> LMNOP!
LPTTON! [and that's not tea]. So there!
Clovis Lark
> Clovis Lark wrote:
>> John Manning <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote:
>>
>>
>>
>>>Greg wrote:
>>>
>>>>"John Manning" <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote in message
>>>>news:10behg0...@news.supernews.com...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>John Manning has never been a Momron \
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>Now you get it ! That was my point John. That you are not checking nor
>>>>verifying information from the book against other sources before you peddle
>>>>it as truth.
>>>>There is no difference between that and my making false statements about you
>>>>without checking facts, as in the example I gave as "evidence" of your past
>>
>>
>>
>>>Aah. But I lived in Utah for 35+ years.
>>
>>
>> But I slept in a Holiday Inn Express last night...
> Was it in American Fark?
You can't sleep in American Fork. That's a party town!
>>>Even went to BYU where I took
>>>BOM classes from Cleon Skousen. I've read the BOM cover to cover at
>>>least seven times and studied the LDS Church and it's history for years.
>>
>>
>> Stop it! I thought I could respct you...
> It's all true. BYU was a logistic necessity at the time. I had use of a
> free house in Provo. Only lasted 2 semesters at the BYU - all I could
> stomach - transferred to the UoU, where the girls didn't pretend as much.
Everyone pretends. Check out TOTI...
>>>If you think anything that Quinn wrote isn't factual, show some counter
>>>evidence. Otherwise just attempting to insult me makes you look silly;
>>>childish. Quinn was a Professor of History at BYU, a church insider. His work is
>>>considered scholarly and accurate. Check out his credentials here and
>>>then tell me he's full of crap:
>>>http://www.signaturebooks.com/hier2.htm
>> He's full of crap!
> Fannie's receptacle reportedly got full of a married prophet's
> reproductive liquid. So what?
Fannie, I'm gonna have to defend her honor!
>>>JRM
>>
>>
>> LMNOP!
> LPTTON! [and that's not tea]. So there!
Later Days Stout and feeling really good!
John Manning
Clovis Lark wrote:
American Irishmen wouldn't touch it. But they'd probably touch a cutie
like Fannie.
As Rich recently said, "Enough!"
But,
Ya gotta vote for 'this' guy in November:
http://free.freespeech.org/americanstateterrorism/americons/GeeDubbya/GWnotwithit.jpg
Lee Paulson
"Prosthetic Froglegs" <ten.tsacmoc@mapson@ackmklslk> wrote in message
Oh for pity's sake. Fluoridation is directly related to the decrease in
caries throughout the U.S. You do get fluoride from sources other than
water. (We live on well water. Everyone around here does. We give our
kids fluoride vitamins.) In fact, almost half of the US population doesn't
have fluoridated water. The numbers provided by CDC are for people on
public water systems, not all people. And probably more important, a full
73% of Utahns visit the dentist every 6 months. Where did you get the
number to show they have lost the fewest teeth to decay or disease, btw?
Anyway, almost all people are exposed to fluoride through various
mechanisms, not the least of which is toothpaste. All those poor dentists
these days are increasingly turning to cosmetic dentistry to offset the
decrease in tooth repair.
nyscof
> Oh for pity's sake. Fluoridation is directly related to the decrease in
> caries throughout the U.S. You do get fluoride from sources other than
> water. (We live on well water. Everyone around here does. We give our
> kids fluoride vitamins.) In fact, almost half of the US population doesn't
> have fluoridated water. The numbers provided by CDC are for people on
> public water systems, not all people. And probably more important, a full
> 73% of Utahns visit the dentist every 6 months. Where did you get the
> number to show they have lost the fewest teeth to decay or disease, btw?
>
> Anyway, almost all people are exposed to fluoride through various
> mechanisms, not the least of which is toothpaste. All those poor dentists
> these days are increasingly turning to cosmetic dentistry to offset the
> decrease in tooth repair.
The Centers for Disease Control is the source for the tooth loss
statistics. There is lots of tooth decay to treat. However, the
average dentist won't treat it because it is in the mouths of those
who can't afford to pay for dental care.
The U.S. Surgeon General declares tooth decay a national epidemic.
Actually, while you may believe it's so, there are no studies to show
a direct link between fluoridation and less cavities. Tooth decay DID
go down substantially after water fluoridation. However, it declined
in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated US communities as well as in
other countries fluoridated and not. Food fortification, better
nutritional awareness as well regular dental care fights cavities. You
are a victim of slick PR and powerfully influential advertising.
Good dental health begins in the womb according to the American Dental
Association with proper amounts of calcium, phosphorous, vitamins D, C
and other essential nutrients.
Lack of vitamin D causes rickets, a bone and tooth destroying disease.
Foods were fortified with vitamin D at the same time water
fluoridation began. Yet there are no studies to determine whether the
fluoride or vitamin D is responsible for less decay. So how do you
know that's not the case?
Now studies show American children are deficient in Vitamin D and
tooth decay rates are escalating. Coincidence?
Those with the healthiest diets have less tooth decay regardless of
fluoride intake, in any form.
Kids who don't eat breakfast have more cavities as do children who
don't eat enought fruits and vegetables. And everyone agrees that
high sugar diet leads to more cavities.
http://www.healthcentral.com/news/NewsFullText.cfm?id=518370
Weston Price wrote a definitive book on this issue decades ago where
he surveyed people and their diets in various countries and found a
direct correlation to the foods people eat and their dental health.
New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc.
http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
Fluoride NewsTracker Blog
http://www.fluoridenews.blogspot.com/
Fluoride Action Network
http://www.fluoridealert.org
Nathan Packer
>>
>> Oh for pity's sake. Fluoridation is directly related to the decrease in
>> caries throughout the U.S. You do get fluoride from sources other than
>> water. (We live on well water. Everyone around here does. We give our
>> kids fluoride vitamins.) In fact, almost half of the US population doesn't
>> have fluoridated water. The numbers provided by CDC are for people on
>> public water systems, not all people. And probably more important, a full
>> 73% of Utahns visit the dentist every 6 months. Where did you get the
>> number to show they have lost the fewest teeth to decay or disease, btw?
>>
>> Anyway, almost all people are exposed to fluoride through various
>> mechanisms, not the least of which is toothpaste. All those poor dentists
>> these days are increasingly turning to cosmetic dentistry to offset the
>> decrease in tooth repair.
>
>The Centers for Disease Control is the source for the tooth loss
>statistics. There is lots of tooth decay to treat. However, the
>average dentist won't treat it because it is in the mouths of those
>who can't afford to pay for dental care.
>The U.S. Surgeon General declares tooth decay a national epidemic.
If true. We should be doing all we can to help the poor prevent
caries.
>Actually, while you may believe it's so, there are no studies to show
>a direct link between fluoridation and less cavities. Tooth decay DID
>go down substantially after water fluoridation. However, it declined
>in both fluoridated and non-fluoridated US communities as well as in
>other countries fluoridated and not. Food fortification, better
>nutritional awareness as well regular dental care fights cavities.
>are a victim of slick PR and powerfully influential advertising.
I submit that this statement is ever so slightly FALSE. The following
studies, and there are others, show that when you isolate the
variable, there is a direct link.
Dental caries and enamel fluorosis among the fluoridated and
non-fluoridated populations in the Republic of Ireland in 2002.
CONCLUSION: Caries levels are lower among children with fluoridated
domestic water supplies. (Community Dental Health, March, 2004)
The geodemographic distribution of caries experience in neighboring
fluoridated and nonfluoridated populations.
CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that water fluoridation is
effective at preventing dental disease after controlling for
confounding factors. In both populations the majority of disease was
not confined to a small number of deprived area types. This undermines
the contention that a targeted approach to caries prevention is a
practical option. (Journal of Public Health, Spring, 2003.
Exposure to fluoridated drinking water and dental caries experience in
Australian army recruits, 1996.
RESULTS: This study showed that subjects with a lifetime exposure to
fluoridated water reported a 23% lower level of caries experience than
subjects with no exposure to fluoridated water, with a greater effect
on proximal surfaces compared to smooth and occlusal surfaces. Female
subjects had a level of caries experience 25% higher than male
subjects, while subjects from the lowest socioeconomic background had
a level of caries experience 89% times greater than subjects from the
highest socioeconomic group.
CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible to directly establish a
causal relationship from a cross-sectional study such as this, the
results from this study show a dose-response relationship which
suggests that there are benefits of lifetime exposure to fluoridated
drinking water through young adulthood.
>
>Good dental health begins in the womb according to the American Dental
>Association with proper amounts of calcium, phosphorous, vitamins D, C
>and other essential nutrients.
>
>Lack of vitamin D causes rickets, a bone and tooth destroying disease.
>Foods were fortified with vitamin D at the same time water
>fluoridation began. Yet there are no studies to determine whether the
>fluoride or vitamin D is responsible for less decay. So how do you
>know that's not the case?
All you have to do is take a evenly demographic sample of a
population. Let's assume that the selected sample population cuts
across all socio-economic parameters. We then isolate for one variable
and statistically analyze the results.
>
>Now studies show American children are deficient in Vitamin D and
>tooth decay rates are escalating. Coincidence?
Vitamin D is an excellent vitamin to help prevent higher levels of
caries.
>
>Those with the healthiest diets have less tooth decay regardless of
>fluoride intake, in any form.
True
>
>Kids who don't eat breakfast have more cavities as do children who
>don't eat enought fruits and vegetables. And everyone agrees that
>high sugar diet leads to more cavities.
True
>
>http://www.healthcentral.com/news/NewsFullText.cfm?id=518370
>
>Weston Price wrote a definitive book on this issue decades ago where
>he surveyed people and their diets in various countries and found a
>direct correlation to the foods people eat and their dental health.
OK. Good. But what does that have to do with the ability to very
inexpensively dose the drinking water with fluorides to further
prevent caries
>
>
>New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc.
>http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
>http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
>Fluoride NewsTracker Blog
>http://www.fluoridenews.blogspot.com/
>
>Fluoride Action Network
>http://www.fluoridealert.org
It has always amazed me the willingness of some to employ bad science,
wild-ass inferences, and just generally, a UFO level of thinking.
nyscof
> >The Centers for Disease Control is the source for the tooth loss
> >statistics. There is lots of tooth decay to treat. However, the
> >average dentist won't treat it because it is in the mouths of those
> >who can't afford to pay for dental care.
> >The U.S. Surgeon General declares tooth decay a national epidemic.
>
> If true. We should be doing all we can to help the poor prevent
> caries.
I agree. However, the poor are generally the malnourished or
undernourished and, understandably, the sickest portion of society.
Sometimes parents can only afford cheap chips and soda to fill their
children's empty bellies. It's a pity that some American children go
to bed hungry or their only meal is at school lunch. Fruits and
vegetables are too expensive. If we subsidized fruits and vegetables
instead of meat and dairy, all Americans would probably be healthier
but especially the poor who wouldn't have to rely on cheap junk food.
However, the drug/medical establishment would probably lobby against
this - it wouldn't do them any good to heave healthy Americans.
The mouth is the window to the body. Rotten teeth indicate an
unhealthy body. Fluoride, like all drugs, treat the symptom not the
problem. Fluoride cannot stop cavities from occuring in people who
don't eat the right foods. And fluoride's adverse effects are more apt
to occur in the unhealthy who are most often the poor.
What was their total fluoride intake by individual. What's their
nutritional status.
Notice they tell us that the lowest socioeconomic group has 89% more
cavities the higher SES. But the lower SES are also from fluoridated
areas. So you haven't proven your case with these studies.
As far as the above Irish study is concerned, from
http://www.rvi.net/~fluoride/000072.htm
The most recent World Health Organization figures for tooth decay in
Ireland also mirror this trend. Tooth decay is decreasing almost as
quickly in non-fluoridated as their fluoridated neighbours. In Europe,
figures for 12 year olds place Ireland only sixth for tooth quality.
Of the five countries with better teeth, four do not fluoridate and
the U.K. has only 10% fluoridation. This is surprising that Ireland
with 73% fluoridation coverage does not have the best teeth in Europe.
Also surprising is the fact that 98% of Europe says no to water
fluoridation!
<snip>
Conclusion
In light of this new scientific evidence and based on the freedom to
choose, water fluoridation is now unsafe, ineffective and
undemocratic.
DR. DON MAC AULEY
Dental Surgeon.
Navan, Co. Meath
>
> >
>
> OK. Good. But what does that have to do with the ability to very
> inexpensively dose the drinking water with fluorides to further
> prevent caries
Well it looks like fluoridation really isn't reducing tooth decay at
all, wasting taxpayer dollars, overdosing children with fluoride and
damaging some peoples health. Our latest news release:
Dentists Award the Cavity-prone and Toothless
New York -- May 2004 -- "Fluoridation honors" were bestowed upon many
communities(1), which happen to have the highest cavity and tooth loss
rates, by the American Dental Association (ADA), the Centers for
Disease Control (CDC) and the American Association of State and
Territorial Dental Directors (AASTDD).
Organized dentistry neglected to check oral health before awarding
their "2003 Community Water Fluoridation Awards." Dentists may be
embarrassed to learn they honored the most toothless and cavity-prone
Americans in the name of water fluoridation. Did your community get
one of these dubious awards?
Fluoride added to water supplies, usually at taxpayers' expense, is
publicized to save money and prevent tooth decay. Conspicuously absent
are data supporting these claims.(2) In fact, government statistics
reveal worse or less teeth in residents of fluoridation-honored
communities than in their non-fluoridated counterparts. For example:
A) Dentists gave Fifty-Year Awards to fluoridating water systems
including:
· seven West Virginia and 5 Kentucky water districts. Yet, 42% of
mostly fluoridated(3) West Virginians and Kentuckians are edentulous -
the country's worst toothless rates.(4) And 66 percent of West
Virginian children have cavities by
age eight.(17)
· the Tulsa, Oklahoma, water department, where 19% of residents lost
six or more teeth.(5) Compare that to New York State's two largest
non-fluoridated counties, Suffolk and Nassau, where only 16% lost six
or more teeth. Nassau and Suffolk received no kudos for retaining
their natural choppers.
Further, an Oklahoma Department of Health Report reveals an "Alarming
Prevalence of Tooth Decay Among Oklahoma's Children," where nearly 70
percent of third graders have cavities(6) although 75% drink
fluoride-laced water.
· Nashville, Tennessee, where 20% lost 6 or more teeth. Contrast:
Wichita, Kansas refused fluoridation, repeatedly over the years(7)(8).
Results: more teeth for Wichita - only 14% lost 6 or more, less than
most fluoridated cities. Yet, no awards for Wichita!
B) "State Fluoridation Quality Awards" were given to:
· 96% fluoridated Indiana, where 25% have lost all their teeth; 45%
have lost 6 or more teeth.(4)
· 96% fluoridated North Dakota where 5,262 children participate in
fluoride mouthrinse/tablet school programs and 44% of eight-year-olds
participate in sealant programs. Yet, 51% of 6 to 8-year-olds and 70%
of 14-year-olds olds have tooth decay.(9)
C) "State Fluoridation Reaffirmation Award" given to Monticello,
Arkansas. "The state of Arkansas children's dental health is in crisis
and needs immediate attention" reports the Arkansas Department of
Health(10). 72% of Arkansas third-graders have cavities despite 60%
state-wide fluoridation(11).
D) "Community Initiative Awards" given to recently
fluoridation-adopting communities, e.g. Pinellas County, Florida, over
the strong objections of its citizens. (Citizens for Safe Water
http://www.aquasafe.us/AquaSafe-Action.htm )
E) The "State Fluoridation Initiative Award" to Utah with the most
teeth but least fluoridation of all the states (2%), not for their
good dental health, but because "Utah has the most new systems
fluoridating." This despite vigorous citizen opposition. (
http://www.stopfluoridation.homestead.com )
F) California Fluoridation 2010 Workgroup and the $15 million funding
from the California Endowment were awarded for forcing fluoridation in
California while citizen groups in various cities formed, at their own
expense, to resist the addition of an untested chemical into their
drinking water.(15). Only four states have better tooth retention
rates than slightly fluoridated (29%) California. The California
Fluoridation Task Force, found that poor children had the most
cavities regardless of fluoridation status.(16)
"The Surgeon General declared tooth decay a silent epidemic(12). Yet,
two-thirds of Americans drink fluoridated water," says lawyer Paul
Beeber, President, New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation.
"The truth is, most American children are fluoride over-dosed(13), and
the poorly nourished get more cavities(14) regardless of
fluoridation," says Beeber
Groups opposed to fluoridation
http://www.fluorideaction.org/fan-contacts.htm
References:
http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
> >
> >
> >New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc.
> >http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
> >http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
> >Fluoride NewsTracker Blog
> >http://www.fluoridenews.blogspot.com/
> >
> >Fluoride Action Network
> >http://www.fluoridealert.org
>
Some people have the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of
thought.
Googleplex
"Prosthetic Froglegs" <ten.tsacmoc@mapson@ackmklslk> wrote in message
With such good health, they probably taste better, which is why statistics
show that people in primitive cultures are more likely than Americans in
cities to be eaten by (1) wild animals and/or (2) other people.
It is also more likely that weaker infants in primitive cultures will die as
infants rather than living to adult-hood, thus weeding out the weaker
specimens that might have otherwise "weakened" the health of the studied
population.
>
> Dr. Price also examined ancient skulls from the burial grounds of many of
> these civilizations. He was looking to correlat the amount of tooth decay
> with the formation of the dental arches, as well as the formation of the
> facial bones and the nostrils. Location after location, Price's findings
> were overwhelmingly consistent: when the isolated people had a primitive
> diet consisting of fish, whole grains, raw dairy, and a mineral-rich
> environment, the people enjoyed perfect teeth, and a very low incidence of
> infectious and degenerative disease.>
Sounds like the Atkins diet.
> Prive correlated beyond a doubt the
> exposure of primitive people to whie flour and white sugar with all the
> following:
>
> Bone thinning
> Facial deformity
> Mouth breathers, because nostrils did not develop properly
> Rampant tooth decay
> Tuberculosis
> Arthritis>
So much for the pasta and rice diets advocated by the granola/vegan crowd.
Great data!! You are most imformative.
Nathan Packer
>Nathan Packer <npa...@insightbb.com> wrote in message
>> >
>> >The Centers for Disease Control is the source for the tooth loss
>> >statistics. There is lots of tooth decay to treat. However, the
>> >average dentist won't treat it because it is in the mouths of those
>> >who can't afford to pay for dental care.
>> >The U.S. Surgeon General declares tooth decay a national epidemic.
>>
>> If true. We should be doing all we can to help the poor prevent
>> caries.
>
>I agree. However, the poor are generally the malnourished or
>undernourished and, understandably, the sickest portion of society.
>Sometimes parents can only afford cheap chips and soda to fill their
>children's empty bellies. It's a pity that some American children go
>to bed hungry or their only meal is at school lunch. Fruits and
>vegetables are too expensive. If we subsidized fruits and vegetables
>instead of meat and dairy, all Americans would probably be healthier
>but especially the poor who wouldn't have to rely on cheap junk food.
>However, the drug/medical establishment would probably lobby against
>this - it wouldn't do them any good to heave healthy Americans.
>
>The mouth is the window to the body. Rotten teeth indicate an
>unhealthy body. Fluoride, like all drugs, treat the symptom not the
>problem. Fluoride cannot stop cavities from occuring in people who
>don't eat the right foods. And fluoride's adverse effects are more apt
>to occur in the unhealthy who are most often the poor.
You see, this is the problem. Fluoride cannot STOP cavities. Never
heard of this claim made by researchers on the subject. The only thing
the data can show is a reduction on a direct comparison. If there are
any adverse effects then they should be well documented in reputable
journals. Information from qualified sources should frame any
discussion of the matter here on ARM.
Your last sentence has no basis in fact - unless you can show
substantiation.
These are factored out of the stats in the studies quoted. Except for
the last paper, the socio-economic status was factored out.
>Notice they tell us that the lowest socioeconomic group has 89% more
>cavities the higher SES. But the lower SES are also from fluoridated
>areas.
Huh? You will have to show me where in the above you get any relevance
from the statement that the "lower SES are also from fluoridated
areas." You completely missed the conclusion that the subjects that
had a lifetime exposure to fluoridated water reported a 23% lower
level of caries than subjects with no exposure to fluoridated water.
Why do you miss that little conclusion.
>So you haven't proven your case with these studies.
You completely missed the author's conclusions stated above.
1. Caries levels are lower among children with fluoridated
domestic water supplies.
2. The results demonstrate that water fluoridation is
effective at preventing dental disease after controlling for
confounding factors.
3. You completely missed the conclusion
that subjects with a lifetime exposure to fluoridated water
reported a 23% lower level of caries than subjects with no
exposure to fluoridated water.
>
>As far as the above Irish study is concerned, from
>
>http://www.rvi.net/~fluoride/000072.htm
>
>The most recent World Health Organization figures for tooth decay in
>Ireland also mirror this trend. Tooth decay is decreasing almost as
>quickly in non-fluoridated as their fluoridated neighbours. In Europe,
>figures for 12 year olds place Ireland only sixth for tooth quality.
>Of the five countries with better teeth, four do not fluoridate and
>the U.K. has only 10% fluoridation. This is surprising that Ireland
>with 73% fluoridation coverage does not have the best teeth in Europe.
>Also surprising is the fact that 98% of Europe says no to water
>fluoridation!
><snip>
>
>Conclusion
>
>In light of this new scientific evidence and based on the freedom to
>choose, water fluoridation is now unsafe, ineffective and
>undemocratic.
>
>DR. DON MAC AULEY
>
>Dental Surgeon.
>
>Navan, Co. Meath
Why don't we stick with research from reputable journals - rather than
a letter to the editor printed in the Irish Medical Journal. (Not
saying that the Irish don't have a reputable journal. I don't know the
reputation of the IMJ.)
The source of the data?
>· the Tulsa, Oklahoma, water department, where 19% of residents lost
>six or more teeth.(5) Compare that to New York State's two largest
>non-fluoridated counties, Suffolk and Nassau, where only 16% lost six
>or more teeth. Nassau and Suffolk received no kudos for retaining
>their natural choppers.
The source of the data?
>
>Further, an Oklahoma Department of Health Report reveals an "Alarming
>Prevalence of Tooth Decay Among Oklahoma's Children," where nearly 70
>percent of third graders have cavities(6) although 75% drink
>fluoride-laced water.
The source of the data?
>
>· Nashville, Tennessee, where 20% lost 6 or more teeth. Contrast:
>Wichita, Kansas refused fluoridation, repeatedly over the years(7)(8).
>Results: more teeth for Wichita - only 14% lost 6 or more, less than
>most fluoridated cities. Yet, no awards for Wichita!
>
>B) "State Fluoridation Quality Awards" were given to:
>
>· 96% fluoridated Indiana, where 25% have lost all their teeth; 45%
>have lost 6 or more teeth.(4)
The source of the data?
>
>
>
>· 96% fluoridated North Dakota where 5,262 children participate in
>fluoride mouthrinse/tablet school programs and 44% of eight-year-olds
>participate in sealant programs. Yet, 51% of 6 to 8-year-olds and 70%
>of 14-year-olds olds have tooth decay.(9)
The source of the data?
>
>C) "State Fluoridation Reaffirmation Award" given to Monticello,
>Arkansas. "The state of Arkansas children's dental health is in crisis
>and needs immediate attention" reports the Arkansas Department of
>Health(10). 72% of Arkansas third-graders have cavities despite 60%
>state-wide fluoridation(11).
The source of the data?
Lots of newpaper articles from the shrill.
>
>References:
>http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
>
>
>
>
>
>
>> >
>> >
>> >New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation, Inc.
>> >http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof
>> >http://tinyurl.com/ad9k
>> >Fluoride NewsTracker Blog
>> >http://www.fluoridenews.blogspot.com/
>> >
>> >Fluoride Action Network
>> >http://www.fluoridealert.org
>>
>Some people have the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of
>thought.
That is what I think of opinions that derive from the newspaper's
opinion page.
nyscof
> You see, this is the problem. Fluoride cannot STOP cavities. Never
> heard of this claim made by researchers on the subject. The only thing
> the data can show is a reduction on a direct comparison. If there are
> any adverse effects then they should be well documented in reputable
> journals. Information from qualified sources should frame any
> discussion of the matter here on ARM.
There are four reasons to oppose fluoridation:
I) It is ineffective
II) It increases dental fluorosis risk
III) It is harmful to some people’s health
IV) It is a waste of money
Here’s why:
I) Regardless of what you’ve been told, fluoridation is a dismal
failure in the U.S. See:
http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof2/_pgg5.php3 Despite decades of
dosing Americans with fluoridated water and a subsequently fluoridated
food supply, 60% of US preschoolers still get cavities (1) – the
same amount as never-fluoridated Manchester, England,(2) and
non-fluoridated Northern Ireland (3). The U.S. also has extensive
fluoride mouthrinse, supplement, varnish and/or sealant (some
fluoridated) governmental programs(4). And, unlike the UK which sells
500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste for toddlers, only 1000 ppm fluoridated
toothpaste is sold in the U.S. which takes up 95% of the market. Yet,
the U.S. Surgeon General has declared tooth decay a silent epidemic in
2000(5).
Maybe this is because fluoridation began with the belief that
swallowed fluoride incorporates into developing enamel to thwart
cavities; but research disproved that theory. The U.S. Centers for
Disease Control reports fluoride’s beneficial effects are only
topical.(5a). However, swallowing fluoridated water leads to adverse
effects such as dental fluorosis.
II) Up to 63 percent of children living in optimally fluoridated areas
(from 0.7-1.2 parts per million, ppm) show fluoride overdose symptoms
as dental fluorosis (white-spotted, yellow or brown permanently
stained, sometimes pitted teeth), according to Beltran-Aguilar and
colleagues in “Prevalence and trends in enamel fluorosis in the
United States from the 1930s to the 1980s.”(6)
Dental fluorosis is such a problem that researchers caution parents to
use non-fluoridated water to prepare infant formula or breastfeed
their babies.(7) Dental fluorosis has created a lucrative new market
for dentistry – covering up fluorosed teeth(8) and even more
money for dental researchers – to study why teeth get
fluorosed(9). Too bad there isn’t enough money to actually treat
the teeth of those most affected by tooth decay – which is the
real problem facing the US today.(10) Medicaid-insured and minority
children have poor access to dental care and more cavities than other
youths.(11)
But dental fluorosis is only the outward signed of fluoride toxicity.
III) Fluoride adversely affects bones.(12) And has other unpleasant
side effects such as a) aches and pain in the joints, b) non-ulcer
dyspepsia, c) polyuria , d) muscle weakness, fatigue, anemia, e)
repeated abortions/still birth, f) male infertility with abnormality
in sperm morphology(13)
Fluoride was never approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
for ingestion.(14) And the silicofluorides used by over 91% of US
fluoridating communities have never been safety tested in humans or
animals. Recent studies link silicofluorides to children’s
higher blood lead levels. And higher blood lead levels are linked to
higher rates of tooth decay, and other more serious health
problems.(15)
“Existing data indicate that subsets of the population may be
unusually susceptible to the toxic effects of fluoride and its
compounds. These populations include the elderly, people with
deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, and/or vitamin C, and people with
cardiovascular and kidney problems, according to Toxicological Profile
for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine prepared for the US
Public Health Service . (15a)
IV) Fluoridation doesn’t save money or teeth(16). Severe tooth
decay is responsible for 2/3 of hospital visits by children under six
in New York State , where almost 70% of the population drinks
fluoridated water. Even in 100% fluoridated New York City, more
children required cavity-related hospitalizations, proportionately,
than two of New York State's largest non-fluoridated counties, Suffolk
and Nassau, whether payment was made by Medicaid or privately.
One New York City hospital charged from $929 to $12,199 to treat 96
children with severely decayed teeth, excluding the dentist and
anesthesiologist fees. Children needed extensive work including
stainless steel crowns, extractions, root canal therapy, fillings,
other restorations, periodontal procedures, surgeries and/or more.
New York State hospital charges for the 2,726 early childhood
cavities-related surgical visits required by children under six, in
1999, lie anywhere between $2.5 and $33 million, report NYS Department
of Health Dentists, Kumar and Green, and others, in the Winter 2003
Journal of Public Health Dentistry, who also report they may be
underestimating the numbers of children so treated.
National Medicaid costs for hospital treatment of early childhood
cavities are between $100 to $200 million annually.
And after decades of water fluoridation, "dental spending outpaces
economic growth, continuing a trend," brags, the American Dental
Association(17) During the 4-year period from 1997 to 2000, there were
an estimated 2.95 million ED (emergency dental) visits in the United
States for complaints of tooth pain or tooth injury, for an average of
738,000 visits annually(18)
Of course, there is much more evidence than this which can be found at
http://www.fluoridealert.org and
http://www.slweb.org/bibliography.html
Fluoride, neither a nutrient nor essential to health, is even more
harmful to the medically compromised, malnourished and/or
undernourished – the very people fluoridation purports to help.
If dentists tell you fluoridation has been proven safe and effective
please note that the
Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the U.K.’s University of
York reports, “We were unable to discover any reliable
good-quality evidence in the fluoridation literature world-wide.
What evidence we found suggested that water fluoridation was likely to
have a beneficial effect, but that the range could be anywhere from a
substantial benefit to a slight disbenefit to children's teeth.
This beneficial effect comes at the expense of an increase in the
prevalence of fluorosis (mottled teeth). The quality of this evidence
was poor.
An association with water fluoride and other adverse effects such as
cancer, bone fracture and Down's syndrome was not found. However, we
felt that not enough was known because the quality of the evidence was
poor.”(19)
References:
1) http://www.cdc.gov/OralHealth/pressreleases/task_force.htm
2) http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/news/stories/Detail_LinkStory=80965.html
3) http://www.4ni.co.uk/industrynews.asp?id=25290
4) http://www2.cdc.gov/nccdphp/doh/synopses/ProgramDataV.asp?ProgramID=8
5) http://www.nidr.nih.gov/news/052500.asp
5a) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5014a1.htm
6)Prevalence and Trends in Enamel Fluorosis in the United States From
the 1930s to the 1980s Beltrán-Aguilar E.D.[1], Griffin S.O., Lockwood
S.A. , The Journal of the American Dental Association, February 2002
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11868834
7) http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364B000000FBB87B3921A09FE409
8) "Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent
literature"
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10969430
9) “IU School of Dentistry Receives $1.3 million Grant,”
October 2003
http://www.newscenter.iupui.edu/newsreleases/dental_grant_03.htm
10) “Children Need Dentists Not Fluoridation, Study Shows
http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364B000000F65C7F4E70A1BDB4A3
11) http://www.ahrq.gov/research/apr02/0402RA27.htm
12) http://www.suite101.com/discussion.cfm/fluoridation/85784/latest/1
13) http://www.orgsites.com/ny/nyscof/_pgg1.php3
14) http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/fluoridation/107324
15) http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364E000000F3D38279C8E77A5E55
15a) http://www.nofluoride.com/susceptible_populations.htm
16) http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/11749/106366
17) http://www.ada.org/prof/resources/pubs/adanews/adanewsarticle.asp?articleid=664
18) Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:93-99.
19) http://www.york.ac.uk/inst/crd/fluoridnew.htm
New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation
• R.L. Measures
nys...@aol.com (nyscof) wrote:
> >
> > You see, this is the problem. Fluoride cannot STOP cavities. Never
> > heard of this claim made by researchers on the subject. The only thing
> > the data can show is a reduction on a direct comparison. If there are
> > any adverse effects then they should be well documented in reputable
> > journals. Information from qualified sources should frame any
> > discussion of the matter here on ARM.
>
>
> There are four reasons to oppose fluoridation:
>
> I) It is ineffective...
• So are seat-belts and parachutes. Barnum was right.
--
€ R.L. Measures, 805-386-3734, www.somis.org. + in adr = spam trap
Nathan Packer
I looked at your website and it is mostly news clips and other
musings. I did however, look up one of the articles referenced in your
offering. An article you referenced: The Journal of Public Health
Dentistry gave this conclusion.
The communities with optimally fluoridated water supplies had 25
percent lower caries prevalence than did nonfluoridated communities
when the data was adjusted for socioeconomic status, race, and age.
Maybe you should read what you quote.
>
>Maybe this is because fluoridation began with the belief that
>swallowed fluoride incorporates into developing enamel to thwart
>cavities; but research disproved that theory. The U.S. Centers for
>Disease Control reports fluoride’s beneficial effects are only
>topical.(5a). However, swallowing fluoridated water leads to adverse
>effects such as dental fluorosis.
Source please or quite posting this garbage. If you can't provide
primary sources, give us all a break and find another ng.
Evidence. You don't have a clue what is evidence.
>
>Fluoride, neither a nutrient nor essential to health, is even more
>harmful to the medically compromised, malnourished and/or
>undernourished – the very people fluoridation purports to help.
>
>If dentists tell you fluoridation has been proven safe and effective
>please note that the
>Centre for Reviews and Dissemination at the U.K.’s University of
>York reports, “We were unable to discover any reliable
>good-quality evidence in the fluoridation literature world-wide.
>What evidence we found suggested that water fluoridation was likely to
>have a beneficial effect, but that the range could be anywhere from a
>substantial benefit to a slight disbenefit to children's teeth.
>
>This beneficial effect comes at the expense of an increase in the
>prevalence of fluorosis (mottled teeth). The quality of this evidence
>was poor.
>
>An association with water fluoride and other adverse effects such as
>cancer, bone fracture and Down's syndrome was not found. However, we
>felt that not enough was known because the quality of the evidence was
>poor.”(19)
>
>
>References:
>
>1) http://www.cdc.gov/OralHealth/pressreleases/task_force.htm
Conclusion: Another key finding of the Task Force was the overall
benefit of community water fluoridation in preventing tooth decay. The
fluoridation process, which involves the adjustment of the natural
fluoride level in a community's water system to the optimal level of
about 1 part per million, has been shown to be a safe, effective and
inexpensive measure in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay typically
decreased by 30 percent to 50 percent after starting or continuing
water fluoridation. These decreases were seen in communities with
varying levels of decay and among children of all socioeconomic
levels. Although community water fluoridation was introduced more than
50 years ago, about 100 million Americans still do not have fluoride
in their drinking water.
>2) http://www.manchesteronline.co.uk/news/stories/Detail_LinkStory=80965.html
A conclusion: Fluoridation is definitely the answer to widespread
tooth decay
>3) http://www.4ni.co.uk/industrynews.asp?id=25290
Doesn't say anything about Fluoridation of drinking water.
>4) http://www2.cdc.gov/nccdphp/doh/synopses/ProgramDataV.asp?ProgramID=8
Doesn't say anything about the benefits of fluoridation.
>
>5) http://www.nidr.nih.gov/news/052500.asp
Conclusion: The report calls for a national partnership to provide
opportunities for individuals, communities and the health professions
to work together to maintain and improve the nation's oral health.
Satcher also urged broadened awareness and use of common preventive
tactics, including personal daily oral hygiene habits such as brushing
with a fluoride toothpaste and flossing daily, community programs such
as community water fluoridation and tobacco cessation programs, and
health care provider-based interventions such as the use of dental
sealants and examinations for oral and pharyngeal cancers.
Advocates water fluoridation.
>
>5a) http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5014a1.htm
>
>
>
>
>6)Prevalence and Trends in Enamel Fluorosis in the United States From
>the 1930s to the 1980s Beltrán-Aguilar E.D.[1], Griffin S.O., Lockwood
>S.A. , The Journal of the American Dental Association, February 2002
>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11868834
Talks about the effects of multiple sources of fluorides in a childs
intake. Fluorosis is a problem with the ingestion of TOO much
fluoride. Word from the American Academy of Pediatric Dentists.
Question. Should I avoid fluorides altogether for my child altogether.
Answer. No! Fluoride prevents tooth decay. It is an important part of
helping your child keep a healthy smile for a lifetime. Getting enough
-- but not too much -- fluoride can be easily accomplished with the
help of your pediatric dentist. (This from the AAPD website)
>
>
>7) http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364B000000FBB87B3921A09FE409
From the New York State Coalition Opposed to Fluoridation. Duh!
>
>8) "Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of the recent
>literature"
>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10969430
More comments on too much fluorides
>
>9) “IU School of Dentistry Receives $1.3 million Grant,”
>October 2003
>http://www.newscenter.iupui.edu/newsreleases/dental_grant_03.htm
Statement: For more than half a century, fluoridated drinking water
has benefited public health by protecting against tooth decay.
Recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as one of
the top 10 public health measures ever initiated, fluoridation has
contributed to a 75 percent decline in tooth decay in Indiana over the
last 25 years.
However: With a decline in tooth decay, there has been an increase in
dental fluorosis, a condition which affects the cosmetic development
of tooth enamel. This grant will fund research to determine the
factors that contribute to fluorosis.
>
>10) “Children Need Dentists Not Fluoridation, Study Shows
>http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364B000000F65C7F4E70A1BDB4A3
You doofus. That is true. Children in rural areas receive a lower
amount of dental care than in urban areas, but this didn't have
anything to do with fluoridation of water supplies
Ok. I am tired of showing how much of what you supplied supports
fluoridation. I can go on like this, but you aren't worth any more
effort.
nyscof
Reference please.
> >
> >Maybe this is because fluoridation began with the belief that
> >swallowed fluoride incorporates into developing enamel to thwart
> >cavities; but research disproved that theory. The U.S. Centers for
> >Disease Control reports fluoride’s beneficial effects are only
> >topical.(5a). However, swallowing fluoridated water leads to adverse
> >effects such as dental fluorosis.
>
> Source please or quite posting this garbage. If you can't provide
> primary sources, give us all a break and find another ng.
This is so accepted these days even by fluoridation proponents, that I
thought everyone involved in promoting fluoridation knew about it. But
then there's a lot about fluoride/fluoridation that proponets don't
know.
As I said the CDC reports it (a search on CDC and fluoridation would
lead you there)
Here's something you can just click on to make your research easier
(or I'll do your work for you):
And this from the actual study:
"More recently, epidemiologists have questioned the validity of the
'old' studies dealing with systemic fluoride use. Since epidemiology
was less advanced as a science many cross-sectional studies were
biased. Different grades of oral cleanliness, use of additional
fluorides, selected or self-selecting groups, lack of examiner
blindness, no concurrent controls, high dropout rates, retrospective
analysis, difference in caries activity, no randomization, and
differnet levels of dental awareness were some of the inherent
interfering factors(Burt, 1999, Riordan, 1999)"
> >Of course, there is much more evidence than this which can be found at
> >http://www.fluoridealert.org and
> >http://www.slweb.org/bibliography.html
> >
> Evidence. You don't have a clue what is evidence.
If you don't konw the abstracts of scientific articles from well-known
respected journals is evidence, then you must be a dentist.
> Conclusion: Another key finding of the Task Force was the overall
> benefit of community water fluoridation in preventing tooth decay. The
> fluoridation process, which involves the adjustment of the natural
> fluoride level in a community's water system to the optimal level of
> about 1 part per million, has been shown to be a safe, effective and
> inexpensive measure in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay typically
> decreased by 30 percent to 50 percent after starting or continuing
> water fluoridation. These decreases were seen in communities with
> varying levels of decay and among children of all socioeconomic
> levels. Although community water fluoridation was introduced more than
> 50 years ago, about 100 million Americans still do not have fluoride
> in their drinking water.
Evidence and references please to the scientific studies that support
these conclusions. Take your time. It should be a while.
> >10) “Children Need Dentists Not Fluoridation, Study Shows
> >http://www.enn.com/direct/display-release.asp?objid=D1D1364B000000F65C7F4E70A1BDB4A3
>
> You doofus. That is true. Children in rural areas receive a lower
> amount of dental care than in urban areas, but this didn't have
> anything to do with fluoridation of water supplies
Now I know you are a dentist from your choice of language and
disregard for science that disproves your beliefs.
Sad that people respect your opinions. Opinions are nothing without
facts to support them
I hope that if anyone is hanging on to this thread, you'll see that,
as usual, the fluoridation proponent backs off when confronted with
the truth he can't twist anymore.
Lee Paulson
It is unfortunate that you didn't read the entire study.
It is unfortunate that you spread falsehoods and conspiracy.
Fortunately, it's unlikely rational people buy into such foolishness.
• R.L. Measures
<npa...@insightbb.com> wrote:
> On 3 Jun 2004 09:53:46 -0700, nys...@aol.com (nyscof) wrote:
>
> >>
> >> You see, this is the problem. Fluoride cannot STOP cavities. Never
> >> heard of this claim made by researchers on the subject. The only thing
> >> the data can show is a reduction on a direct comparison. If there are
> >> any adverse effects then they should be well documented in reputable
> >> journals. Information from qualified sources should frame any
> >> discussion of the matter here on ARM.
> >
> >...
> I looked at your website and it is mostly news clips and other
> musings. I did however, look up one of the articles referenced in your
> offering. An article you referenced: The Journal of Public Health
> Dentistry gave this conclusion.
>
> The communities with optimally fluoridated water supplies had 25
> percent lower caries prevalence than did nonfluoridated communities
> when the data was adjusted for socioeconomic status, race, and age.
>
> Maybe you should read what you quote.
> >
• He's not here to read, Nathan, my guess is that he's here to get
attention and praise for saving the world from the terrible floride ogre.
- I grew up in a community whose well water was naturally flouridated. I
did not have a cavity until I was 23. 40-years down the road, I still
have all 32 teeth.
cheers. ...
Nathan Packer
One shows studies in the year 2000-2003 and this numbskull uses this
work of origin unknown.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> > >Of course, there is much more evidence than this which can be found at
>> > >http://www.fluoridealert.org and
>> > >http://www.slweb.org/bibliography.html
>> > >
>> > Evidence. You don't have a clue what is evidence.
>>
>> If you don't konw the abstracts of scientific articles from well-known
>> respected journals is evidence, then you must be a dentist.
A dentist. Why no. But all my money goes to my dentist. Please show us
an article, even an abstract from a respected journal. I would like to
see just one revelant article.
You haven't posted one yet.
Backs off. You were out of your league after the first paragraph.
>
>It is unfortunate that you didn't read the entire study.
>
>It is unfortunate that you spread falsehoods and conspiracy.
>
>Fortunately, it's unlikely rational people buy into such foolishness.
Apparently, there is a rather strong vocal bunch that hollar alot.
Here we have the JW of drinking water fluoridation.
>
Nathan Packer
wrote:
Normally, I wouldn't waste a lot of time with this level of knowledge,
but I wanted to get out some research just so readers can think for
themselves. Unfortunately, many a member of a town council is not so
well informed.
>
>
>cheers. ...
nyscof
> an article, even an abstract from a respected journal. I would like to
> see just one revelant article.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Bibliography of Scientific Literature on Fluoride
Contents
I. FLUORIDE & THE BRAIN
Learning/Behavior
Damage to Brain
Silicofluoride/lead uptake
Fluoride & the pineal gland
Synergistic effects of fluoride/aluminum
Other
II. FLUORIDE & BONE
Skeletal fluorosis
Fluoride & Bone Strength
Fluoride & Bone Fracture
Fluoride & Bone Quality
F Concentrations in Bone
Factors which increase accumulation of F
III. FLUORIDE & G-PROTEINS
IV. FLUORIDE & CANCER
US National Toxicology Program's bioassay
Recent epidemiological studies
Occupational fluoride/cancer
Fluoride & mutagenicity
V. FLUORIDE & THE THYROID
Fluoride treatment for hyperthyroidism
Fluoride & goiter
Fluoride/iodine interactions
Other
VI. FLUORIDE & the KIDNEYS
Kidney damage in skeletal fluorosis
Fluoride-induced Nephrotoxicity
Kidney ailments heightening susceptibility to fluoride toxicity
Fluoride/Kidney Stones - Association
Fluoride/Kidney Stones - No association
VII. FLUORIDE & GASTOINTESTINAL DISORDERS
VIII. FLUORIDE & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Animal studies
Human studies
IX. FLUORIDE & BIRTH DEFECTS
X. FLUORIDE & THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
XI. ALLERGY/HYPERSENSITIVITY TO FLUORIDE
XII. FLUORIDE & CARIES (Tooth Decay)
Decline of caries in western, industrialized societies
NIDR's national survey of dental health in US
Fluoridation cessation studies
Critique of early fluoridation trials
Fluoride's topical vs. systemic effects
Fluoride and pit & fissure decay
Fluoride & baby bottle tooth decay
Elevated fluoride exposure increases tooth decay
Fluoride & delayed eruption of teeth
XIII. DENTAL FLUOROSIS
Mechanism of action
Current rates of dental fluorosis
Dental fluorosis prevalence among African-Americans
Perceptions/Psychological effects of dental fluorosis
Dental fluorosis & bone fracture
Fluorosis & Caries
Risk factors for fluorosis
XIV. FLUORIDE: NOT an ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT
XV. SOURCES OF FLUORIDE EXPOSURE
XVI. NUTRITONAL DEFICIENCIES EXACERBATE FLUORIDE'S TOXICITY
XVII. ACUTE TOXICITY of FLUORIDE
XVIII. SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE NEVER APPROVED BY FDA
XIX. ALTERNATIVES TO FLUORIDE
XX. REVIEWS of the SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
I. FLUORIDE & THE BRAIN (back to top)
Fluoride & Learning/Behavior:
Bhatnagar M, et al. (2002). Neurotoxicity of fluoride:
neurodegeneration in hippocampus of female mice. Indian Journal of
Experimental Biology 40: 546-54. (See abstract)
Calderon J, et al. (2000). Influence of fluoride exposure on reaction
time and visuospatial organization in children. Epidemiology 11(4):
S153. (See abstract)
Calvert GM, et al. (1998). Health effects associated with sulfuryl
fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation
workers. American Journal of Public Health 88(12):1774-80. (See
abstract)
Ekambaram P, Paul V. (2001). Calcium preventing locomotor behavioral
and dental toxicities of fluoride by decreasing serum fluoride level
in rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 9(4):141-146. (See
abstract)
Li XS. (1995). Effect of fluoride exposure on intelligence in
children. Fluoride 28(4):189-192. (See abstract)
Li Y, et al. (1994). [Effect of excessive fluoride intake on mental
work capacity of children and a preliminary study of its mechanism]
Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao. 25(2):188-91. (See abstract)
Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and
high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine
Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (See study)
Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of
children. Fluoride 33:74-78. (See abstract | See study )
Morgan L, et al (1998). Investigation of the possible associations
between fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and childhood behavior problems.
Pediatric Dentistry 20: 244-252. (See abstract)
Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. (See abstract | See
editorial discussing this study)
Paul V, et al. (1998). Effects of sodium fluoride on locomotor
behavior and a few biochemical parameters in rats. Environmental
Toxicology and Pharmacology 6: 187–191. (See abstract)
Schettler T, et al. (2000). Known and suspected developmental
neurotoxicants. pp. 90-92. In: In Harms Way - Toxic Threats to Child
Development. Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility:
Cambridge, MA. (See excerpt)
Spittle B. (2000). Fluoride and intelligence (Editorial). Fluoride 33:
49-52. (See editorial)
Sun ZR, et al. (2000). Effects of high fluoride drinking water on the
cerebral functions of mice. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 19:
262-263. (See abstract)
Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on
children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. (See abstract)
Yang Y, et al. (1994). [Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on
children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and fluorine].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi.15(5):296-8. (See abstract)
Zhang C, et al. (1999). [Effect of fluoride-arsenic exposure on the
neurobehavioral development of rats offspring] Wei Sheng Yan Jiu.
28(6):337-8. (See abstract)
Zhang Z, et al. (2001). [Effects of selenium on the damage of
learning-memory ability of mice induced by fluoride]. Wei Sheng Yan
Jiu. 30(3):144-6. (See abstract)
Zhang Z, et al. (1999). [Effect of fluoride exposure on synaptic
structure of brain areas related to learning-memory in mice] [Article
in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 28(4):210-2. (See abstract)
Zhao LB, et al (1996). Effect of high-fluoride water supply on
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Fluoride-Induced Damage to Brain (back to top)
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cAMP level in different areas of rat brain. Acta Physiologica Polonica
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Kay AR, et al. (1986). Intracellular fluoride alters the kinetic
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Lu XH, et al. (2000). Study of the mechanism of neurone apoptosis in
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Shao Q, et al. (2000). [Influence of free radical inducer on the level
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Shashi A, et al. (1994). Effect of long-term administration of
fluoride on levels of protein, free amino acids and RNA in rabbit
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Fluoride 35: 197-203. (See abstract)
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Zhao XL, Wu JH. (1998). Actions of sodium fluoride on
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Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi.28(5):264-6. (See abstract)
Silicofluoride/lead uptake (back to top)
Masters R, et al. (2000). Association of silicofluoride treated water
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Masters RD, Coplan M. (1999). Water treatment with Silicofluorides and
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435-449. (See abstract)
For commentary, see:
Coplan MJ, Masters RD. (2001). Silicofluorides and fluoridation.
Fluoride 34(3): 161-220. (See paper)
"Dartmouth researcher warns of chemicals added to drinking water."
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Fluoride & the Pineal Gland (back to top)
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Synergistic effects of Fluoride/Aluminum (back to top)
Allain P, et al. (1996). Enhancement of aluminum digestive absorption
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van der Voet GB, et al. (1999). Fluoride enhances the effect of
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Other (back to top)
National Research Council. (1971). Effects of Fluoride on Human
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I. FLUORIDE & BONE (back to top)
Endemic fluorosis (back to top)
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Jolly SS, et al. (1973). Endemic fluorosis in Punjab: 1. skeletal
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Jolly SS, et al. (1971). Human fluoride intoxication in Punjab.
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Jolly SS. (1968). An epidemiological, clinical and biochemical study
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Juncos LI, Donadio JV Jr. (1972). Renal failure and fluorosis. Journal
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Kilborn LG, et al. (1950). Fluorosis with report of an advanced case.
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Krishnamachari KA, Krishnaswamy K. (1973). Genu valgum and
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Kumar SP, Harper RA. (1963). Fluorosis in Aden. British Journal of
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Latham MC, Grech P. (1967). The effects of excessive fluoride intake.
American Journal of Public Health 57: 651-660.
Lian ZC, Wu EH. (1986). Osteoporosis--an early radiographic sign of
endemic fluorosis. Skeletal Radiology 15(5):350-3. (See abstract)
Linsman JF, McMurray CA. (1943). Fluoride osteosclerosis from drinking
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Littleton J. (1999). Paleopathology of skeletal fluorosis. American
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Pinet A, Pinet F. (1968). Endemic fluorosis in the Sahara. Fluoride
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Sauerbrunn BJ, et al. (1965). Chronic fluoride intoxication with
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Savas S, et al. (2001). Endemic fluorosis in Turkish patients:
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Indian Journal of Medical Research 25: 553-568.
Siddiqui AH. (1970). Neurological complications of skeletal fluorosis
with special reference to lesions in the cervical region. Fluoride 3:
91-96.
Siddiqui AH. (1955). Fluorosis in Nalgonda district, Hyderabad-Deccan.
British Medical Journal ii (Dec 10): 1408-1413.
Singh A, et al. (1963). Endemic fluorosis. Epidemiological, clinical
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Susheela AK, et al. (1993). Prevalence of endemic fluorosis with
gastro-intestinal manifestations in people living in some North-Indian
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Teotia SPS, et al. (1976). Symposium on the non-skeletal phase of
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UNICEF Water, Environment & Sanitation. (1999). Fluoride in water: An
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Waldbott GL. (1956). Incipient fluorine intoxication from drinking
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Wang W, et al. (2004). Ossification of the transverse atlantal
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Wang Y, et al. (1994). Endemic fluorosis of the skeleton: radiographic
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Yang L, et al. (2003). Developing environmental health indicators as
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See also:
Fluoride Action Network. (2004). Fluorosis in India: Recent Reports.
http://www.fluoridealert.org/fluorosis-india.htm
Occupational Fluorosis (back to top)
Boillat MA, et al. (1980). Radiological criteria of industrial
fluorosis. Skeletal Radiology 5: 161-165.
Carnow BW, Conibear SA. (1981). Industrial fluorosis. Fluoride 14(4):
172-181. (See study)
Czerwinski E, et al. (1988). Bone and joint pathology in
fluoride-exposed workers. Archives of Environmental Health
43(5):340-3. (See abstract)
Czerwinski E, Lankosz W. (1978). Skeletal changes in industrial and
endemic fluorosis. Fluoride 11(1):29-32. (See study).
Czerwinski E, Lankosz W. (1977). Fluoride-induced changes in 60
retired aluminum workers. Fluoride 10(3): 125-136. (See study)
Derryberry OM, et al. (1963). Fluoride exposure and worker health.
Archives of Environmental Health 6: 503-514.
Franke J, et al. (1975). Industrial fluorosis. Fluoride 8(2): 61-83.
Grandjean P. (1982). Occupational fluorosis through 50 years: clinical
and epidemiological experiences. American Journal of Industrial
Medicine 3(2):227-36. (See abstract)
Hodge HC, Smith FA. (1979). Occupational fluoride exposure. Journal of
Occupational Medicine 19: 12-39.
Kaltreider NL, et al. (1972). Health survey of aluminum workers with
special reference to fluoride exposure. Journal of Occupational
Medicine 14(7): 531-541.
Moller PF, Gudjonsson SV. (1932). Massive fluorosis of bones and
ligaments. Acta Radiology 13:269-294.
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London.
Runge H, Franke J. (1989). Radiological modifications of the skeletal
system among aluminum smelter workers: A 15 year retrospective study.
Fluoride 22: 157-164. (See study)
Waldbott GL, Cecilioni VA. (1969). Neighborhood fluorosis. Fluoride
2(4): 206-213. (See study)
Zhiliang Y, et al. (1987). Industrial fluoride pollution in the
metallurgical industry in China. Fluoride 20(3): 118-125. (See study)
Livestock Fluorosis (back to top)
Griffith-Jones W. (1977). Fluorosis in dairy cattle. The Veterinary
Record 100: 84-89. (See abstract)
Huffman WT. (1949). Effects on livestock of air contamination caused
by fluoride fumes. pp. 59-63. In: Air Pollution. Proceedings of the
United States Technical Conference on Air Pollution. McGraw-Hill Book
Co, New York.
Krook L, Maylin GA. (1979). Industrial fluoride pollution. Chronic
fluoride poisoning in Cornwall Island cattle. Cornell Veterinarian
69(Suppl 8): 1-70. (See abstract)
Lillie RJ. (1970). Air Pollutants Affecting the Performance of
Domestic Animals: A Literature Review. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture.
Agricultural Handbook No. 380. Washington D.C.
National Academy of Sciences. (1960). The fluorosis problem in
livestock production. Committee on Animal Nutrition, Agricultural
Board. Washington DC.
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London.
Schmidt HJ, Rand WE. (1952). A critical study of the literature on
fluoride toxicology with respect to cattle damage. American Journal of
Veterinary Research 13: 39-48.
Shupe JL, Olson AE. (1971). Clinical aspects of fluorosis in horses.
Journal of the American Veterinary Association 158: 167-174. (See
study)
Shupe JL, et al. (1963). The effect of fluorine on dairy cattle II.
Clinical and pathologic effects. American Journal of Veterinary
Research 24: 964-979.
Suttie JW. (1977). Effects of fluoride on livestock. Journal of
Occupational Medicine 19: 40-48.
Fluoride & Bone Strength: Animal Studies (back to top)
Bohatyrewicz A. (1999). Effects of fluoride on mechanical properties
of femoral bone in growing rats. Fluoride 32: 47-54. (See abstract)
Burnell TW, et al. (1986). Effect of dietary fluorine on growth, blood
and bone characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal
Science 63: 2053-67. (See abstract)
Carter DR, Beaupre GS. (1990). Effects of fluoride treatment on bone
strength. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5 Suppl 1:S177-84. (See
abstract)
Gedalia I, et al. (1964). Effects of estrogen on bone composition in
rats at low and high fluoride intake. Endocrinology 75: 201-205. (See
abstract)
Giavaresi G, et al. (1999). The mechanical properties of
fluoride-treated bone in the ovariectomized rat. Calcified Tissue
International 65: 237-41. (See abstract)
Lafage MH, et al. (1995). Comparison of alendronate and sodium
fluoride effects on cancellous and cortical bone in minipigs. A
one-year study. Journal of Clinical Investigation 95: 2127-33. (See
abstract)
Mosekilde L, et al. (1987). Compressive strength, ash weight, and
volume of vertebral trabecular bone in experimental fluorosis in pigs.
Calcified Tissue International 40: 318-22. (See abstract)
Riggins RS, et al. (1976). The effect of fluoride supplementation on
the strength of osteopenic bone. Clinical Orthopaedics (114):352-7.
(See abstract)
Riggins RS, et al. (1974). The Effects of Sodium Fluoride on Bone
Breaking Strength. Calcified Tissue Research 14: 283-289. (See
abstract)
Silva MJ, Ulrich SR. (2000). In vitro sodium fluoride exposure
decreases torsional and bending strength and increases ductility of
mouse femora. Journal of Biomechanics 33(2):231-4. (See abstract)
Sogaard CH, et al. (1995). Effects of fluoride on rat vertebral body
biomechanical competence and bone mass. Bone 16(1): 163-9. (See
abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (2001). Combined effects of diets with reduced
calcium and phosphate and increased fluoride intake on vertebral bone
strength and histology in rats. Calcified Tissue International
69(1):51-7. (See abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (1997). Fluoride treatment increased serum IGF-1,
bone turnover, and bone mass, but not bone strength, in rabbits.
Calcified Tissue International 61(1):77-83. (See abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (1996). High fluoride intakes cause osteomalacia and
diminished bone strength in rats with renal deficiency. Bone
19(6):595-601.(See abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (1996). Reductions in bone strength after fluoride
treatment are not reflected in tissue-level acoustic measurements.
Bone 19(6):603-7. (See abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (1995). Fluoride reduces bone strength in older
rats. Journal of Dental Research 74(8):1475-81. (See abstract)
Turner CH, Dunipace AJ. (1993). On fluoride and bone strength
(letter). Calcified Tissue International 53: 289-290.
Turner CH, et al. (1992). The effects of fluoridated water on bone
strength. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 10(4):581-7. (See abstract)
Walsh WR, Guzelsu N. (1993). The role of ions and mineral-organic
interfacial bonding on the compressive properties of cortical bone.
Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 3: 75-84. (See abstract)
Wolinsky I, et al. (1972). Effects of fluoride on metabolism and
mechanical properties of rat bone. American Journal of Physiology
223(1): 46-50. (See abstract)
Fluoride & Bone Fracture: Human Clinical Trials (back to top)
Bayley TA, et al. (1990). Fluoride-induced fractures: relation to
osteogenic effect. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 5(Suppl
1):S217-22. (See abstract)
Dambacher MA, et al. (1986). Long-term fluoride therapy of
postmenopausal osteoporosis. Bone 7: 199-205. (See abstract
Gerster JC, et al. (1983). Bilateral fractures of femoral neck in
patients with moderate renal failure receiving fluoride for spinal
osteoporosis. British Medical Journal (Clin Res Ed) 287(6394):723-5.
(See abstract)
Gutteridge DH, et al. (2002). A randomized trial of sodium fluoride
(60 mg) +/- estrogen in postmenopausal osteoporotic vertebral
fractures: increased vertebral fractures and peripheral bone loss with
sodium fluoride; concurrent estrogen prevents peripheral loss, but not
vertebral fractures. Osteoporosis International 13(2):158-70. (See
abstract)
Gutteridge DH, et al. (1990). Spontaneous hip fractures in
fluoride-treated patients: potential causative factors. Journal of
Bone and Mineral Research 5 Suppl 1:S205-15. (See abstract)
Haguenauer D, et al. (2000). Fluoride for the treatment of
postmenopausal osteoporotic fractures: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis
International 11(9):727-38. (See abstract)
Hedlund LR, Gallagher JC. (1989). Increased incidence of hip fracture
in osteoporotic women treated with sodium fluoride. Journal of Bone
and Mineral Research 4:223-5. (See abstract)
Inkovaara J, et al. (1975). Prophylactic fluoride treatment and aged
bones. British Medical Journal 3(5975):73-4. (See abstract)
Kleerekoper M, et al. (1991). A randomized trial of sodium fluoride as
a treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporosis
International 1(3):155-61. (See abstract)
Meunier PJ, et al. (1998). Fluoride salts are no better at preventing
new vertebral fractures than calcium-vitamin D in postmenopausal
osteoporosis: the FAVOStudy. Osteoporosis International 8: 4-12. (See
abstract)
O'Duffy JD, et al. (1986). Mechanism of acute lower extremity pain
syndrome in fluoride-treated osteoporotic patients. American Journal
of Medicine 80: 561-6. (See abstract)
Orcel P, et al. (1990). Stress fractures of the lower limbs in
osteoporotic patients treated with fluoride. Journal of Bone and
Mineral Research 5(Suppl 1): S191-4. (See abstract)
Orcel P, et al. (1987). [Spontaneous fissures and fractures of the
legs in patients with osteoporosis treated with sodium fluoride].
Presse Med. 16: 571-5. (See abstract)
Pak CY, et al. (1996). Comparison of nonrandomized trials with
slow-release sodium fluoride with a randomized placebo-controlled
trial in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Journal of Bone and Mineral
Research 11(2):160-8. (See abstract)
Pak CY, et al. (1995). Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with
slow-release sodium fluoride. Final report of a randomized controlled
trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 123: 401-8. (See abstract)
Riggs BL, et al. (1990). Effect of Fluoride treatment on the Fracture
Rates in Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis. New England Journal
of Medicine 322:802-809. (See abstract)
Rubin CD, et al. (2001). Sustained-release sodium fluoride in the
treatment of the elderly with established osteoporosis. Archives of
Internal Medicine 161(19):2325-33. (See abstract)
Schnitzler CM, et al. (1990). Bone fragility of the peripheral
skeleton during fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. Clinical
Orthopaedics (261):268-75. (See abstract)
Schnitzler CM, Solomon L. (1985). Trabecular stress fractures during
fluoride therapy for osteoporosis. Skeletal Radioliology 14(4):276-9.
(See abstract)
Fluoride & Bone Fracture: Epidemiological Studies (back to top)
Studies reporting association between fluoridated water (< 1.2 ppm
fluoride) & hip fracture. (back to top)
a) Cooper C, et al. (1990). Water fluoride concentration and fracture
of the proximal femur. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
44: 17-19.
b) Cooper C, et al. (1991). Water fluoridation and hip fracture.
Letter. Journal of the American Medical Association 266: 513-514. (A
reanalysis of data presented in 1990 paper). (See letter)
Danielson C, et al. (1992). Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's
elderly population. Journal of the American Medical Association
268(6): 746-748. (See abstract)
Hegmann KT, et al. (2000). The effects of fluoridation on degenerative
joint disease (DJD) and hip Fractures. Abstract # 71 of the 33rd
annual meeting of the Society for Epidemiological Research. American
Journal of Epidemiology S18. (See abstract).
Jacobsen SJ, et al. (1992). The association between water fluoridation
and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older; a
national ecologic study. Annals of Epidemiology 2: 617-626. (See
abstract)
Jacobsen SJ, et al. (1990). Regional variation in the incidence of hip
fracture: US white women aged 65 years and olders. Journal of the
American Medical Association 264(4): 500-2. (See excerpt)
a) Jacqmin-Gadda H, et al. (1995). Fluorine concentration in drinking
water and fractures in the elderly. Journal of the American Medical
Association 273: 775-776 (letter). (See letter)
b) Jacqmin-Gadda H, et al. (1998). Risk factors for fractures in the
elderly. Epidemiology 9(4): 417-423. (An elaboration of the 1995 study
referred to in the JAMA letter). (See abstract)
Keller C. (1991) Fluorides in drinking water. Unpublished results.
Discussed in: Gordon SL, Corbin SB. (1992). Summary of Workshop on
Drinking Water Fluoride Influence on Hip Fracture on Bone Health.
Osteoporosis International 2: 109-117. (See excerpt)
Kurttio PN, et al. (1999). Exposure to natural fluoride in well water
and hip fracture: A cohort analysis in Finland. American Journal of
Epidemiology 150(8): 817-824. (See abstract)
May DS, Wilson MG. (1992). Hip fractures in relation to water
fluoridation: an ecologic analysis. Unpublished results. Discussed in:
Gordon SL, Corbin SB. (1992). Summary of Workshop on Drinking Water
Fluoride Influence on Hip Fracture on Bone Health. Osteoporosis
International 2: 109-117. (See excerpt)
Suarez-Almazor M, et al. (1993). The fluoridation of drinking water
and hip fracture hospitalization rates in two Canadian communities.
American Journal of Public Health 83: 689-693. (See abstract)
The authors of this study conclude there is no association between
fluoridation and hip fracture. However, their own data reveals a
significant increase in hip fracture for men living in the fluoridated
area. According to the study, "although a statistically significant
increase in the risk of hip fracture was observed among Edmonton men,
this increase was relatively small (RR=1.12)."
b) Studies reporting association between water-fluoride levels higher
than fluoridated water (2 to 5 ppm) & bone/hip fracture. (back to top)
Alarcon-Herrera MT, et al. (2001). Well Water Fluoride, Dental
fluorosis, Bone Fractures in the Guadiana Valley of Mexico. Fluoride
34(2): 139-149.(See study)
Li Y, et al. (2001). Effect of long-term exposure to fluoride in
drinking water on risks of bone fractures. Journal of Bone and Mineral
Research 16(5):932-9. (See abstract)
Sowers M, et al. (1991). A prospective study of bone mineral content
and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure.
American Journal of Epidemiology 133: 649-660. (See abstract)
c) Studies reporting no association, or a negative association,
between fluoridated water & hip fracture. (back to top)
(Note that in 3 of these 9 studies, an association was found between
fluoride and some form of fracture - i.e. distal forearm. See notes
and quotes below.)
Arnala I, et al. (1986). Hip fracture incidence not affected by
fluoridation. Osteofluorosis studied in Finland. Acta Orthopaedica
Scandinavica 57: 344-348. (See abstract)
Cauley J. et al. (1995). Effects of fluoridated drinking water on bone
mass and fractures: the study of osteoporotic fractures. Journal of
Bone and Mineral Research 10(7): 1076-86. (See abstract)
Feskanich D, et al. (1998). Use of toenail fluoride levels as an
indicator for the risk of hip and forearm fractures in women.
Epidemiology 9(4): 412-6. (See abstract)
While this study didn't find an association between water fluoride and
hip fracture, it did find an association - albeit non-significant 1.6
(0.8-3.1) - between fluoride exposure and elevated rates of forearm
fracture.
Hillier S, et al. (2000). Fluoride in drinking water and risk of hip
fracture in the UK: a case control study. The Lancet 335: 265-2690.
(See abstract)
Jacobsen SJ, et al. (1993). Hip fracture incidence before and after
the fluoridation of the public water supply, Rochester, Minnesota.
American Journal of Public Health 83: 743-745. (See abstract)
Karagas MR, et al. (1996). Patterns of fracture among the United
States elderly: Geographic and fluoride effects. Annals of
Epidemiology 6 (3): 209-216. (See abstract | See critique of study)
As with Feskanich (1998) this study didn't find an association between
fluoridation & hip fracture, but it did find an association between
fluoridation and distal forearm fracture, as well as proximal humerus
fracture. "Independent of geographic effects, men in fluoridated areas
had modestly higher rates of fractures of the distal forearm and
proximal humerus than did men in nonfluoridated areas."
Lehmann R, et al. (1998). Drinking water fluoridation: Bone mineral
density and hip fracture incidence. Bone 22: 273-278. (See abstract)
Madans J, et al. (1983). The relationship between hip fracture and
water fluoridation: an analysis of national data. American Journal of
Public Health 73: 296-298. (See abstract)
Phipps KR, et al. (2000). Community water fluoridation, bone mineral
density and fractures: prospective study of effects in older women.
British Medical Journal 321: 860-4. (See abstract | See Study | See
BMJ letter responding to study| See critique of study )
This study reported a decreased incidence of hip fracture in
fluoridated areas. However, as with Feskanich (1998) and Karagas
(1996), the study also found an association between fluoridation and
other types of fracture - in this case, wrist fracture. "There was a
non-significant trend toward an increased risk of wrist fracture."
See also:
Bernstein DS, et al. (1966). Prevalence of osteoporosis in high- and
low-fluoride areas in North Dakota. Journal of the American Medical
Association 198: 499-504. (See abstract & critique)
Lee JR. (1993). Fluoridation & hip fracture. Fluoride 26(4): 274-277.
(See paper)
National Research Council. (1993). Fluoride exposure and risk of bone
fracture. In: Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Report of the
Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. National Academy
Press, Washington, DC. (See chapter)
Fluoride & Bone Quality: Animal Studies (back to top)
Chachra D, et al. (1999). The effect of fluoride treatment on bone
mineral in rabbits. Calcified Tissue International 64: 345-51. (See
abstract)
Fratzl P, et al. (1996). Effects of sodium fluoride and alendronate on
the bone mineral in minipigs: a small-angle X-ray scattering and
backscattered electron imaging study. Journal of Bone and Mineral
Research 11(2):248-53. (See abstract)
Golub L, et al. (1968). The effect of sodium fluoride on the rates of
synthesis and degradation of bone collagen in tissue culture.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 129:
973-977.
Henrikson PA, et al. (1970). Fluoride and nutritional osteoporosis.
Fluoride 3: 204-207.
Jiang Y, et al. (1996). Effects of low-dose long-term sodium fluoride
preventive treatment on rat bone mass and biomechanical properties.
Calcified Tissue International 58: 30-9. (See abstract)
Mosekilde L, et al. (1987). Compressive strength, ash weight, and
volume of vertebral trabecular bone in experimental fluorosis in pigs.
Calcified Tissue International 40: 318-22. (See abstract)
Ream JL, et al. (1983). Fluoride ingestion during multiple pregnancies
and lactations: microscopic observations on bone of the rat. Virchows
Archiv B 44: 35-44. (See abstract)
Robin JC, et al. (1980). Studies on osteoporosis III. Effect of
estrogens and fluoride. Journal of Medicine 11: 1-14. (See abstract)
Rockert H. (1963). X-ray absorption and x-ray fluorescence
micro-analysis of mineralized tissue of rats which have ingested
fluoridated water. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica 59:
32-38.
Sharma YD. (1982). Effect on sodium fluoride on collagen cross-link
precursors. Toxicology Letters 10: 97-100. (See abstract)
Snow GR, Anderson C. (1986). Short-term chronic fluoride
administration and trabecular bone remodeling in beagles: a pilot
study. Calcified Tissue International 38(4):217-21. (See abstract)
Turner CH, et al. (1996). Reductions in bone strength after fluoride
treatment are not reflected in tissue-level acoustic measurements.
Bone 19(6):603-7. (See abstract)
Turner RT, et al. (1989). The effects of fluoride on bone and implant
histomorphometry in growing rats. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
4(4):477-84. (See abstract)
Uslu B. (1983). Effect of fluoride on collagen synthesis in the rat.
Research and Experimental Medicine 182(1):7-12. (See abstract)
Walsh WR, Guzelsu N. (1993). The role of ions and mineral-organic
interfacial bonding on the compressive properties of cortical bone.
Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering 3: 75-84. (See abstract)
Zhang X, Qiu MC, Liu WB. (1994). [Effects of pollution with fluoride
on bone dynamics of periosteum in iliac of domestic pigs]. Zhonghua Yu
Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 28(6):360-2. (See abstract)
See also:
Krook L, Minor RR. (1998). Fluoride and alkaline phosphatase. Fluoride
31: 177-82.
Fluoride & Bone Quality: Human Clinical Trials (back to top)
Balena R, et al. (1998). Effects of different regimens of sodium
fluoride treatment for osteoporosis on the structure, remodeling and
mineralization of bone. Osteoporosis International 8(5):428-35. (See
abstract)
Boivin G, et al. (1993). Relationship between bone fluoride content
and histological evidence of calcification defects in osteoporotic
women treated long term with sodium fluoride. Osteoporosis
International 3(4):204-8. (See abstract)
Cass RM, et al. (1966). New bone formation in osteoporosis following
treatment with sodium fluoride. Archives of Internal Medicine 118:
111-116.
Compston JE, et al. (1980). Osteomalacia developing during treatment
of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride and vitamin D. British Medical
Journal 281: 910-1.
Fratzl P, et al. (1994). Abnormal bone mineralization after fluoride
treatment in osteoporosis: a small-angle x-ray-scattering study.
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 9(10):1541-9. (See abstract)
Inkovaara JA. (1991). Is fluoride treatment justified today? Calcified
Tissue International 49 Suppl:S68-9. (See abstract)
Jowsey J, et al. (1972). Effect of combined therapy with sodium
fluoride, vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis. American Journal of
Medicine 53(1):43-9.
Jowsey J, et al. (1968). Some results of the effect of fluoride on
bone tissue in osteoporosis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 28:
869-874.
Kragstrup J, et al. (1989). Effects of sodium fluoride, vitamin D, and
calcium on cortical bone remodeling in osteoporotic patients.
Calcified Tissue International 45: 337-41. (See abstract)
Lindsay R. (1990). Fluoride and Bone - Quantity Versus Quality.
Editorial. New England Journal of Medicine 322: 845-846. (See
editorial)
Lundy MW, et al. (1995). Histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest
bone biopsies in placebo-treated versus fluoride-treated subjects.
Osteoporosis International 5: 115-29. (See abstract)
Patel S, et al. (1996). Fluoride pharmacokinetics and changes in
lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density. Bone 19(6):651-5. (See
abstract)
Riggs BL. (1983). Treatment of osteoporosis with sodium fluoride: An
appraisal. Bone and Mineral Research 2: 366-393.
Schnitzler CM, et al. (1990). Iliac bone biopsies at the time of
periarticular stress fractures during fluoride therapy: comparison
with pretreatment biopsies. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
5(2):141-52. (See abstract)
Sogaard CH, et al. (1994). Marked decrease in trabecular bone quality
after five years of sodium fluoride therapy--assessed by biomechanical
testing of iliac crest bone biopsies in osteoporotic patients. Bone
15(4): 393-99. (See abstract)
Vigorita VJ, Suda MK. (1983). The microscopic morphology of
fluoride-induced bone. Clinical Orthopaedics 177:274-82. (See
abstract)
Zerwekh JE, et al. (1994). Effect of slow-release sodium fluoride on
cancellous bone histology and connectivity in osteoporosis. Bone 15:
691-9. (See abstract)
See also:
Krook L, Minor RR. (1998). Fluoride and alkaline phosphatase. Fluoride
31: 177-82.
Fluoride Concentrations in Human Bone (back to top)
Alhava EM, et al. (1980). The Effect of Drinking Water Fluoridation on
the Fluoride Content, Strength and Mineral Density of Human Bone. Acta
Orthopaedica Scandinavica 51: 413-420.
Bohatyrewicz A. (2001). Bone fluoride in proximal femur fractures.
Fluoride 34: 227-235.
Arnala I, et al. (1985). Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland.
Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas.
Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56(2):161-6.
Boivin G, et al. (1988). Fluoride content in human iliac bone: results
in controls, patients with fluorosis, and osteoporotic patients
treated with fluoride. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
3(5):497-502.
Call RA, et al. (1965). Histological and chemical studies in man on
effects of fluoride. Public Health Reports 80: 529-538.
Charen J, et al. (1979). Bone fluoride concentrations associated with
fluoridated drinking water. Calcified Tissue International 27(2):95-9.
Eble DM, et al. (1992). Fluoride concentrations in human and rat bone.
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 52: 288-291.
Glock GE, et al. (1941). The retention and elimination of fluoride in
bones. Biochemical Journal 35: 1235-1239.
Hefti A, Marthaler TM. (1981). Bone fluoride concentrations after 16
years of drinking water fluoridation. Caries Research 15(1):85-9.
Jackson D, Weidman SM. (1958). Fluorine in human bone related to age
and the water supply of different regions. Journal of Pathological
Bacteriology 76: 451-459.
Kuo HC, Stamm JW. (1974). Fluoride levels in human rib bone: a
preliminary study. Canadian Journal of Public Health 65(5):359-61.
Parkins FM, et al. (1974). Relationships of human plasma fluoride and
bone fluoride to age. Calcified Tissue Research 16: 335-338.
Richards A, et al. (1994). Normal age-related changes in fluoride
content of vertebral trabecular bone - Relation to bone quality. Bone
15: 21-26.
Smith FA, et al. (1953). Age increase and fluoride content in human
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Stein ID, Granik G. (1980). Human vertebral bone: Relation of
strength, porosity, and mineralization to fluoride content. Calcified
Tissue International 32: 189-194.
Sogaard CH, et al. (1994). Marked decrease in trabecular bone quality
after five years of sodium fluoride therapy--assessed by biomechanical
testing of iliac crest bone biopsies in osteoporotic patients. Bone
15(4): 393-99.
Wix P, Mohamedally SM. (1980). The significance of age-dependent
fluoride accumulation in bone in relation to daily intake of fluoride.
Fluoride 13: 100-104.
Zipkin L, et al. (1958). Fluoride deposition in human bones after
prolonged ingestion of fluoride in drinking water. US Public Health
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Factors which Increase Accumulation of Fluoride in Bone: Kidney
Disease (back to top)
Adams PH, Jowsey J. (1965). Sodium Fluoride in the Treatment of
Osteoporosis and Other Bone Diseases. Annals of Internal Medicine
63(6): 1151-1155. (See excerpt)
Arnala I, et al. (1985). Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland.
Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas.
Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56(2):161-6.
Call RA, et al. (1965). Histological and chemical studies in man on
effects of fluoride. Public Health Reports 80: 529-538.
Gerster JC, et al. (1983). Bilateral fractures of femoral neck in
patients with moderate renal failure receiving fluoride for spinal
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(See abstract)
Hefti A, Marthaler TM. (1981). Bone fluoride concentrations after 16
years of drinking water fluoridation. Caries Research 15(1):85-9.
Juncos LI, Donadio JV Jr. (1972). Renal failure and fluorosis. Journal
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Kono K, et al. (1984). Urinary fluoride excretion in fluoride exposed
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Linsman JF, McMurray CA. (1943). Fluoride osteosclerosis from drinking
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Noel C, et al. (1985). [Risk of bone disease as a result of fluoride
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Turner CH, et al. (1996). High fluoride intakes cause osteomalacia and
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Factors which Increase Accumulation of Fluoride in Bone: Nutritional
Deficiencies (back to top)
Beary DF. (1969). The effects of fluoride and low calcium on the
physical properties of the rat femur. The Anatomical Record 164:
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Jowsey J, et al. (1972). Effect of combined therapy with sodium
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Riggins RS, et al. (1974). The effects of sodium fluoride on bone
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Teotia M, Teotia SP, Singh KP. (1998). Endemic chronic fluoride
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III. FLUORIDE & G-PROTEINS (back to top)
Ahmadian MR, et al. (1997). Aluminum fluoride associates with the
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Bigay J, et al. (1987). Fluoride complexes of aluminium or beryllium
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IV. FLUORIDE & CANCER (back to top)
US National Toxicology Program's Bioassay (back to top)
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Fluoride & Mutagenicity (back to top)
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Tsutsui T, Suzuki N, Ohmori M, Maizumi H. (1984). Cytotoxicity,
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diploid fibroblasts induced by sodium fluoride. Mutation Research
139(4):193-8. (See abstract)
Tsutsui T, Ide K, Maizumi H. (1984). Induction of unscheduled DNA
synthesis in cultured human oral keratinocytes by sodium fluoride.
Mutation Research 140(1):43-8. (See abstract)
Voroshilin SI, et al. (1975). Mutagenic effect of hydrogen fluoride on
animals. Tsitol Genet. 9(1): 42-44. (See abstract)
Wu DQ, Wu Y. (1995). Micronucleus and Sister Chromatid Exchange
Frequency in Endemic Fluorosis. Fluoride 28(3): 125-127. (See study)
Zeiger E, et al. (1993). Genetic toxicity of fluoride.Environmental
Molecular Mutagenesis 21(4):309-18. (See abstract)
Zeiger E, et al. (1994). Cytogenetic studies of sodium fluoride in
mice. Mutagenesis 9(5):467-71.(See abstract)
V. FLUORIDE & THE THYROID (back to top)
For additional references on fluoride/thyroid, click here
Fluoride treatment for Hyperthyroidism (back to top)
Galletti P, Joyet G. (1958). Effect of Fluorine on Thyroidal Iodine
Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology
18:1102-1110 (See study)
Goldemberg L. (1930). Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031.
Goldemberg L. (1926). [Action physiologique des fluorures] Compt Rend
Soc Physiol (Paris. 95:1169.
May W. (1935). [Antagonismus zwischen Jod und Fluor im Organismus]
Klin Wochenschr 14:790-792.
May W. (1937). [Behandlung the Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des
schweren genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor] Klin Wochenschr
16:562-564.
Schuld A. (1999). Fluoride-Iodine Antagonism: Some History. Parents of
Fluoride Poisoned Children. (See paper)
Stecher P, et al. (1960). The Merck Index of Chemicals and Drugs.
Merck & Co., Inc, Rathway NJ.
Fluoride & Goiter (back to top)
Burgi H, et al. (1984). Fluorine and thyroid gland function: a review
of the literature. Klin Wochenschr 15;62(12):564-9. (See abstract)
Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR. (1972). Fluoride, Water Hardness, and
Endemic Goitre. Lancet 1:1135-1138. (See study )
Desai VK, et al. (1993). Epidemiological study of goitre in endemic
fluorosis district of Gujarat. Fluoride 26:187-90. (See excerpt)
Jooste PL. (1999). Endemic goitre in the absence of iodine deficiency
in schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South Africa.
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1):8-12. (See abstract)
Latham MC, Grech P. (1967). The effects of excessive fluoride intake.
American Journal of Public Health 57: 651-660.
McKay FS. (1918). Progress of the year in the investigation of mottled
enamel with special reference to its association with artesian water.
Journal of the National Dental Association 5:721-750.
Siddiqui AH. (1969). Incidence of simple goiter in areas of endemic
fluorosis in Nalgonda District, Andra Pradesh, India. Fluoride
2:200-205.
Steyn DG, et al. (1955). Endemic Goitre in the Union of South Africa
and Some Neighbouring Territories. Union of South Africa. Department
of Nutrition. (See excerpts)
Wespi HJ. (1954). Besteht ein Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Jod?
Praxis 43: 616-623.
Wilson D. (1941). Fluorine in the aetiology of endemic goitre. The
Lancet Feb 15: 212-213. (See study)
Zhao W, et al. (1998). Long-term effects of various iodine and
fluorine doses on the thyroid and fluorosis in mice. Endocrine
Regulations 32(2):63-70.(See abstract | See study)
Fluoride/Iodine Interactions(back to top)
Guan ZZ, et al. (1988). Synergistic action of iodine-deficiency and
fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid. Chinese Medical Journal
101(9):679-84.
Lin Fa-Fu, et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and
high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine
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Minder W, Gordonoff T. (1956). An antagonism between iodine and
fluorine. Arch Intern Pharma Codyn 107: 374-381.
Sidora VD, et al. (1983). [Indices of the pituitary-thyroid system in
residents of cities with various fluorine concentrations in drinking
water]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 29(4):32-5. (See abstract)
Steyn DG, et al. (1955). Endemic Goitre in the Union of South Africa
and Some Neighbouring Territories. Union of South Africa. Department
of Nutrition. (See excerpts)
Stolc V, Podoba J. (1960). Effect of fluoride on the biogenesis of
thyroid hormones. Nature 188:855-856.
Wilson RH, DeEds F. (1940). The synergistic action of thyroid on
fluoride toxicity. Endocrinology 26:851.
Yang Y, et al. (1994). [Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on
children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and fluorine].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi.15(5):296-8. (See abstract)
Zhao W, et al. (1998). Long-term Effects of Various Iodine and
Fluorine Doses on the Thyroid and Fluorosis in Mice. Endocrine
Regulations 32(2):63-70. (See abstract | See study)
For more references, see:
Schuld A. (2002). History of the fluoride/iodine antagonism. Parents
of Fluoride Poisoned Children. (See paper)
Other (back to top)
Bachinskii PP, et al. (1985) Action of the body fluorine of healthy
persons and thyroidopathy patients on the function of
hypophyseal-thyroid the system. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 31(6):25-9.
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Balabolkin MI, et al. (1995). [The interrelationship of the thyroid
and immune statuses of workers with long-term fluorine exposure]
[Article in Russian] Ter Arkh. 67(1):41-2. (See abstract)
Bobek S, et al. (1976). Effect of long-term fluoride administration on
thyroid hormones level blood in rats. Endocrinologia Experimentalis
10(4):289-95.(See abstract)
Kendall-Taylor P. (1972). Comparison of the effects of various agents
on thyroidal adenyl cyclase activity with their effects on thyroid
hormone release. Journal of Endocrinology 54(1):137-45. (See abstract)
Hara K. (1980). [Studies on fluorosis, especially effects of fluoride
on thyroid metabolism]. Koku Eisei Gakkai Zasshi. 30(1):42-57.
Hillman D, et al. (1979). Hypothyroidism and anemia related to
fluoride in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 62(3):416-23. (See
abstract)
Mikhailets ND, et al. (1996). Thyroid function during prolonged
exposure to fluorides. Probl Endokrinol 42: 6-9. (See abstract)
Okayasu I, et al. (1985). Hyperplastic nodules of thyroid
parafollicular cells (C cells) in rats induced by prolonged low dose
ingestion of NaF. Fluoride 18:111-117. (See abstract)
Shashi A. (1988). Biochemical effects of fluoride on thyroid gland
during experimental fluorosis. Fluoride 21: 127-130. (See abstract)
Tokar VI, et al. (1989). [Chronic effects of fluorides on the
pituitary-thyroid system in industrial workers]. Gig Tr Prof Zabol
(9):19-22. (See abstract)
Trabelsi M, et al. (2001). Effect of fluoride on thyroid function and
cerebellar development in mice. Fluoride 34: 165-173. (See study)
Yu YN. (1985). [Effects of chronic fluorosis on the thyroid gland].
Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 65(12):747-9.
VI. FLUORIDE & the KIDNEYS (back to top)
Kidney damage in skeletal fluorosis (back to top)
Ando M, et al. (2001). Health effects of fluoride pollution caused by
coal burning. Science of the Total Environment 271(1-3):107-16. (See
abstract)
Derryberry OM, et al. (1963). Fluoride exposure and worker health.
Archives of Environmental Health 6: 503-511.
Kumar SP, Harper RA. (1963). Fluorosis in Aden. British Journal of
Radiology 36: 497-502.
Shortt HE, et al. (1937). Endemic fluorosis in the Madras presidency.
Indian Journal of Medical Research 25: 553-568.
Siddiqui AH. (1955). Fluorosis in Nalgonda district, Hyderabad-Deccan.
British Medical Journal ii (Dec 10): 1408-1413.
Singh A, et al. (1963). Endemic fluorosis. Epidemiological, clinical
and biochemical study of chronic fluoride intoxication in Punjab.
Medicine 42: 229-246.
Fluoride-Induced Nephrotoxicity (back to top)
Abdel-Latif, MM, et al. (2003). Serum fluoride ion and renal function
after prolonged sevoflurane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Egyptian
Journal of Anaesthesia 19: 79-83. (See abstract | See study)
Arthaud LE, Loomis TA. (1975). The relationship of the total dose and
duration of methoxyflurane anesthesia to renal toxicity in Fischer 344
rats. Toxicology of Applied Pharmacology 33: 176.
Atkinson F, Hard GC. (1966). Chronic fluorosis in the guinea-pig.
Nature July 23. 429-430.
Banu Priya C, et al. (1997). Toxicity of fluoride to diabetic rats.
Fluoride 30: 51-58. (See abstract | See study)
Bhatnagar M, Susheela AK. (1998). Chronic fluoride toxicity: an
ultrastructural study of the glomerulus of the rabbit kidney.
Environmetnal Sciences 6: 43–54.
Bond AM, Murray MM. (1952). Kidney function and structure in chronic
fluorosis. British Journal of Experimental Pathology 33: 168-176.
Borke JL, Whitford GM. (1999). Chronic fluoride ingestion decreases
45Ca uptake by rat kidney membranes. Journal of Nutrition
129(6):1209-13. (See abstract | See study)
Cittanova ML, et al. (2002). Fluoride ion toxicity in rabbit kidney
thick ascending limb cells. European Journal of Anaesthesiology
19(5):341-9. (See abstract)
Cittanova ML, et al. (1996). Fluoride ion toxicity in human kidney
collecting duct cells. Anesthesiology 84(2):428-35. (See abstract)
Cousins MJ, et al. (1983). Anaesthesia and the kidney. Anesthesiology
and Intensive Care 11(4):292-320. (See abstract)
Daston GP, et al. (1985). Toxicity of sodium fluoride to the
postnatally developing rat kidney. Environmental Research
37(2):461-74. (See abstract)
Dote T, et al. (2000). Toxicokinetics of intravenous fluoride in rats
with renal damage caused by high-dose fluoride exposure. International
Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 73 Suppl:S90-2. (See
abstract)
Eisenbrandt DL, Nitschke KD. (1989). Inhalation toxicity of sulfuryl
fluoride in rats and rabbits. Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology 1989
Apr;12(3):540-57. (See abstract)
Goldberg ME, et al. (1996). Sevoflurane versus isoflurane for
maintenance of anesthesia: are serum inorganic fluoride ion
concentrations of concern? Anesthesia and Analgesia 82(6):1268-72.
(See abstract)
Gottlieb LS, Trey C. (1974). The effects of fluorinated anesthetics on
the liver and kidneys. Annual Review of Medicine 25: 411-429. (See
excerpt)
Greenberg SR. (1986). Response of the renal supporting tissues to
chronic fluoride exposure as revealed by a special technique. Urologia
Internationalis 41(2):91-4. (See abstract)
Guan ZZ, et al. (2000). Changed cellular membrane lipid composition
and lipid peroxidation of kidney in rats with chronic fluorosis.
Archives of Toxicology 74(10):602-8. (See abstract)
Jankauskas J. (1974). Effects of fluoride on the kidney: A review.
Fluoride 7: 93-105. (See abstract)
Kessabi M, et al. (1985). Experimental acute sodium fluoride poisoning
in sheep: Renal, hepatic, and metabolic effects. Fundamentals of
Applied Toxicology 7(2): 93-105. (See abstract)
Kessabi M, et al. (1981). Comparison of sodium and stannous fluoride
nephrotoxicity. Toxicology Letters 7(6):463-7. (See abstract)
Kour K, Singh J. (1980). Histological findings in kidneys of mice
following sodium fluoride administration. Fluoride 13: 163-167. (See
abstract)
Lantz O, et al. (1987). Fluoride-induced chronic renal failure.
American Journal of Kidney Disorders 10(2):136-9. (See abstract)
Manocha SL, et al. (1975). Cytochemical response of kidney, liver and
nervous system to fluoride ions in drinking water. Histochemical
Journal 7: 343-355. (See abstract)
Mazze RI. (1984). Fluorinated anesthetic nephrotoxicity: An update.
Canadian Anaesthetic Society Journal 31:S16-S22. (See abstract)
Mazze RI, et al. (1977). Inorganic fluoride nephrotoxicity: prolonged
enflurane and halothane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesthesiology
46(4):265-71. (See abstract | See excerpt)
Mazze RI. (1976). Methoxyflurane nephropathy. Environmental Health
Perspectives 15:111-9.(See abstract)
Murao H, et al. (2000). Sodium fluoride increases intracellular
calcium in rat renal epithelial cell line NRK-52E. Biological and
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23(5):581-4. (See abstract)
National Research Council. (1993). Effects of ingested fluoride on
renal, gastrointestinal, and immue systems. In: Health Effects of
Ingested Fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of
Ingested Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. (See
chapter)
Nuscheler M, et al. (1996). [Fluoride-induced nephrotoxicity: fact or
fiction?]. Anaesthesist 45 Suppl 1:S32-40. (See abstract)
Partanen S. (2002). Inhibition of human renal acid phosphatases by
nephrotoxic micromolar concentrations of fluoride. Experimental
Toxicology and Pathology 54(3):231-7. (See abstract)
Ramseyer WF, et al. (1957). Effect of sodium fluoride administration
on body changes in old rats. Journal of Gerontology 12: 14-19. (See
excerpt)
Reichle FM, Conzen PF. (2003). Halogenated inhalational anaesthetics.
Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology 17(1):29-46. (See
abstract)
Roman RJ, et al. (1977). Renal tubular site of action of fluoride in
Fischer-344 rats. Anesthesiology 46: 260-264. (See abstract)
Shashi A, et al. (2002). Toxic effects of fluoride on rabbit kidney.
Fluoride 35(1): 38-50. (See study)
Singer I, and Forrest JN. (1976). Drug-induced states of nephrogenic
Diabetes Insipidus. Kidney International 10:82-95.
Singh M, Kanwar KS. (1981). Effect of fluoride on tissue enzyme
activities in rat: Biochemical and histochemical studies. Fluoride 14:
132-141. (See abstract)
Taves DR, et al. (1972). Role of metabolism in the nephrotoxicity of
methoxyflurane. Toxicicology of Applied Pharmacology 23:795-796.
Thongboonkerd V, et al. (2002). Fluoride exposure attenuates
expression of Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factors. Journal of
Biological Chemistry 277(19):16599-605. (See abstract)
Tormanen CD. (2003). Substrate inhibition of rat liver and kidney
arginase with fluoride. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
93(3-4):243-6. (See abstract)
Usuda K, et al. (1999). Usefulness of the assessment of urinary enzyme
leakage in monitoring acute fluoride nephrotoxicity. Archives of
Toxicology 73(6):346-51. (See abstract)
Usuda K, et al. (1998). Urinary biomarkers monitoring for experimental
fluoride nephrotoxicity. Archives of Toxicology 72(2):104-9. (See
abstract)
Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride
and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: Alterations in neuronal
and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298. (See
abstract)
Waldbott GL, et al. (1978). Fluoridation: The Great Dilemma. Coronado
Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. (See excerpt)
Whitford GM, Stringer GI. (1978). Duration of the fluoride-induced
urinary concentrating defect in rats. Proceedings of the Society for
Experimental Biology and Medicine 157(1):44-9. (See abstract)
Xue C, et al. (2000). [Study on antagonistic effects of selenium and
zinc on the renal impairments induced by fluoride in rats] Wei Sheng
Yan Jiu 29(1):21-3. (See abstract)
Kidney ailments heighten susceptibility to fluoride toxicity (back to
top)
Arnala I, et al. (1985). Effects of fluoride on bone in Finland.
Histomorphometry of cadaver bone from low and high fluoride areas.
Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 56(2):161-6.
Banu Priya C, et al. (1997). Toxicity of fluoride to diabetic rats.
Fluoride 30: 51-58. (See abstract | See study)
Call RA, et al. (1965). Histological and chemical studies in man on
effects of fluoride. Public Health Reports 80: 529-538.
Gerster JC, et al. (1983). Bilateral fractures of femoral neck in
patients with moderate renal failure receiving fluoride for spinal
osteoporosis. British Medical Journal (Clin Res Ed). 287(6394):723-5.
(See abstract)
Hefti A, Marthaler TM. (1981). Bone fluoride concentrations after 16
years of drinking water fluoridation. Caries Research 15(1):85-9.
Juncos LI, Donadio JV Jr. (1972). Renal failure and fluorosis. Journal
of the American Medical Association 222(7):783-5. (See abstract)
Kono K, et al. (1984). Urinary fluoride excretion in fluoride exposed
workers with diminished renal function. Industrial Health 22(1):33-40.
(See abstract)
Linsman JF, McMurray CA. (1943). Fluoride osteosclerosis from drinking
water. Radiology 40: 474- 484.
Marier JR. (1977). Some current aspects of environmental fluoride.
Science of the Total Environment 8:253-265. (See abstract)
Noel C, et al. (1985). [Risk of bone disease as a result of fluoride
intake in chronic renal insufficiency]. (Article in French).
Nephrologie 1985;6(4):181-5. (See abstract)
Schmidt CW, et al. (1985). [Massive skeletal fluorosis in compromised
kidney function]. (Article in German). Z Urol Nephrol. 78(3):173-6.
(See abstract)
Spak CJ, et al. (1985). Renal clearance of fluoride in children and
adolescents. Pediatrics 75(3):575-9. (See abstract)
Spencer H, et al. (1980). Fluoride metabolism in patients with chronic
renal failure. Archives of Internal Medicine 140: 1331-1335.
Turner CH, et al. (1996). High fluoride intakes cause osteomalacia and
diminished bone strength in rats with renal deficiency. Bone
19(6):595-601.(See abstract)
Welsch M, et al. (1990). [Iatrogenic fluorosis. 2 cases]. Therapie
45(5):419-22. (See abstract)
Fluoride/Kidney Stones - Association (back to top)
Anasuya A. (1982). Role of fluoride in formation of calculi: studies
on rats. Journal of Nutrition 112(9):1787-95. (See abstract)
Anasuya A, Rao BS. (1983). Effect of fluoride, silicon and magnesium
on the mineralizing capacity of an inorganic medium and stone formers
urine tested by a modified in-vitro method. Biochemistry and Medicine
30:146. (See abstract)
Jolly SS, et al. (1980). Kidney changes and kidney stones in endemic
fluorosis. Fluoride 13(1): 10-16. (See abstract)
Singh PP, Barjatiya MK, Dhing S, Bhatnagar R, et al. (2001). Evidence
suggesting that high intake of fluoride provokes nephrolithiasis in
tribal populations. Urological Research 29(4): 238-44. (See abstract |
See excerpt)
Fluoride/Kidney Stones - No association (back to top)
Hering F, et al. (1985). Fluoridation of drinking water: effects on
kidney stone formation. Urological Research 13(4):175-8. (See
abstract)
Li LC, et al. (1992). Inhibitory effect of fluoride on renal stone
formation in rats. Urologia Internationalis 48(3):336-41. (See
abstract)
Teotia M, et al. (1991). Fluoride metabolism and fluoride content of
stones from children with endemic vesical stones. British Journal of
Urology 68(4):425-9. (See abstract)
VII. FLUORIDE & GASTOINTESTINAL DISORDERS (back to top)
Das TK, et al. (1994). Toxic effects of chronic fluoride ingestion on
the upper gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
18(3):194-9. (See abstract)
Dasarathy S, et al. (1996). Gastroduodenal manifestations in patients
with skeletal fluorosis. Journal of Gastroenterology 31(3):333-7. (See
abstract)
Fujii A, Tamura T. (1989). Deleterious effect of sodium fluoride on
gastrointestinal tract. General Pharmacology 20(5):705-10. (See
abstract)
Gupta IP, et al. (1992). Fluoride as a possible aetiological factor in
non-ulcer dyspepsia. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
7(4):355-9. (See abstract)
Muller P, et al. (1992). Sodium fluoride-induced gastric mucosal
lesions: comparison with sodium monofluorophosphate. Z Gastroenterol.
30(4):252-4. (See abstract)
National Research Council. (1993). Effects of ingested fluoride on
renal, gastrointestinal, and immue systems. In: Health Effects of
Ingested Fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of
Ingested Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. (See
chapter)
Pashley DH, et al. (1984). The effects of fluoride on the gastric
mucosa of the rat. Journal of Oral Pathology 13(5):535-45. (See
abstract)
Shashi A. (2002). Histopathological effects of sodium fluoride on the
duodenum of rabbit. Fluoride 35(1): 28-37. (See study)
Shayiq RM, et al. (1984). Alteration in gastric secretion of rats
administered NaF. Fluoride 17: 178-182. (See abstract)
Sondhi H, et al. (1995). Intestinal effects of sodium fluoride in
Swiss Albino mice. Fluoride 28: 21-24. (See abstract)
Spak CJ, et al. (1990). Studies of human gastric mucosa after
application of 0.42% fluoride gel. Journal of Dental Research
69(2):426-9. (See abstract)
Spak CJ, et al. (1989). Tissue response of gastric mucosa after
ingestion of fluoride. British Medical Journal 298(6689):1686-7. (See
study)
Susheela AK, et al. (1993). Prevalence of endemic fluorosis with
gastro-intestinal manifestations in people living in some North-Indian
villages. Fluoride 26(2): 97-104. (See abstract)
Susheela AK, et al. (1992). Fluoride ingestion and its correlation
with gastrointestinal discomfort. Fluoride 25(1): 5-22. (See abstract)
Susheela AK, Das TK. (1988). Chronic fluoride toxicity: a scanning
electron microscopic study of duodenal mucosa. Journal of Toxicology
and Clinical Toxicology 26(7):467-76. (See abstract)
Waldbott GW. (1977). Gastric ulcer and fluoride. Fluoride 10: 140-151.
(See abstract)
Whitford GM, et al. (1997). Effects of fluoride on structure and
function of canine gastric mucosa. Digestive Diseases and Sciences
42(10):2146-55. (See abstract)
VIII. FLUORIDE & REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (back to top)
Animals: (back to top)
Araibi AA, et al. (1989). Effect of high fluoride on the reproductive
performance of the male rat. Journal of Biological Science Research
20: 19-30.
Chinoy NJ, Patel TN. (2001). Efects of sodium fluoride and aluminium
chloride on ovary and uterus of mice and their reversal by some
antidotes. Fluoride 34: 9-20. (See study)
Chinoy NJ, Sharma A. (2000). Reversal of fluoride-induced alteration
in cauda epididymal spermatozoa and fertility impairment in male mice.
Environmental Sciences 7: 29-38. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, Mehta D. (1999). Effects of protein supplementation and
deficiency on fluoride-induced toxicity in reproductive organs of male
mice. Fluoride 32: 204-214. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, Sharma A. (1998). Amelioration of fluoride toxicity by
vitamin E and D in reproductive functions of male mice. Fluoride 31:
203-216. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, et al. (1997). Fluoride toxicity in the testis and cauda
epididymis of guinea pig and reversal by ascorbate. Medical Science
Research 25: 97-100. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, et al. (1997). Fluoride toxicity on rat testis and cauda
epididymal tissue components and its reversal. Fluoride 30: 41-50.
(See abstract)
Chinoy NF, et al. (1995). Amelioration of fluoride toxicity in some
accessory reproductive glands and spermatozoa of rat. Fluoride 28:
75-86. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, Narayana MV. (1994). In vitro fluoride toxicity in human
spermatozoa. Reproductive Toxicology 8: 155-9. (See abstract)
Chinoy NF, et al. (1994). Beneficial effects of ascorbic acid and
calcium on reproductive functions of sodium fluoride-treated
prepubertal male rats. Fluoride 27: 67-75. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, et al. (1992). Effects of fluoride ingestion on the
physiology of reproductive organs of male rats. Journal of
Environmental Biology 13: 55-61. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ , Sequeira E. (1992). Reversible fluoride induced fertility
impairment in male mice. Fluoride 25 71-76. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, et al. (1991). Microdose vasal injection of sodium fluoride
in the rat. Reproductive Toxicolology 5(6):505-12. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ , Sequeira E. (1989). Effects of fluoride on the
histoarchitecture of reproductive organs of the male mouse.
Reproductive Toxicolology 3(4):261-7. (See abstract)
Chinoy NJ, Sequeira E. (1989). Fluoride induced biochemical changes in
reproductive organs of male mice. Fluoride 22: 78-85. (See abstract)
Chubb C. (1985). Reproductive toxicity of fluoride. Journal of
Andrology 6: 59. (See abstract)
Collins TF, et al. (2001). Multigenerational evaluation of sodium
fluoride in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39(6):601-13. (See
abstract)
Collins TF, et al. (2001). Developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride
measured during multiple generations. Food and Chemical Toxicology 39:
867-76. (See abstract)
Collins TF, et al. (1995). Developmental toxicity of sodium fluoride
in rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 33(11):951-60. (See abstract)
Dunipace AJ, et al. (1989). Genotoxic evaluation of chronic fluoride
exposure: micronucleus and sperm morphology studies. Journal of Dental
Research 68: 1525-8. (See abstract)
Eckerlin RH, et al. (1988). Ameliorative effects of reduced food-borne
fluoride on reproduction in silver foxes. Cornell Veterinarian
78(4):385-91. (See abstract)
Elbetieha A, et al. (2000). Fertility effects of sodium fluoride in
male mice. Fluoride 33: 128-134. (See abstract | See study)
Ghosh D, et al. (2002). Testicular toxicity in sodium fluoride treated
rats: association with oxidative stress. Reproductive Toxicolology
16(4):385.(See abstract)
Guna Sherlin DM, Verma RJ. (2001). Vitamin D ameliorates
fluoride-induced embryotoxicity in pregnant rats. Neurotoxicology and
Teratology 23(2):197-201. (See abstract)
Hiyasat AS. (2000). Reproductive Toxic effects of ingestion of sodium
fluoride in female rats. Fluoride 33(2): 79-84. (See study)
Hoffman DJ, et al. (1985). Effects of fluoride on screech owl
reproduction: teratological evaluation, growth, and blood chemistry in
hatchlings. Toxicology Letters 26(1):19-24. (See abstract)
Kour K, Singh J. (1980). Histological finding of mice testes following
fluoride ingestion. Fluoride 13: 160-162. (See abstract)
Krasowska A, et al. (2004). Zinc protection from fluoride-induced
testicular injury in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).
Toxicology Letters 147: 229-235. (See abstract)
Krasowska A, Wlostowski T. (1992). The effect of high fluoride intake
on tissue trace elements and histology of testicular tubules in the
rat. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology: Part C 103(1):31-4. (See
abstract)
Kumar A, Susheela AK. (1994). Ultrastructural studies of
spermiogenesis in rabbit exposed to chronic fluoride toxicity.
International Journal of Fertility and Menopausal Studies
39(3):164-71. (See abstract)
Li Y, et al. (1987). Effects of fluoride on the mouse sperm morphology
test. Journal of Dental Research 66(9):1509-11. (See abstract)
Messer HH, et al. (1973). Influence of fluoride intake on reproduction
in mice. Journal of Nutrition 103: 1319-26. (See abstract)
Narayana MV, et al. (1994). Reversible effects of sodium fluoride
ingestion on spermatozoa of the rat. International Journal of
Fertility and Menopausal Studies 39(6):337-46. (See abstract)
Narayana MV, Chinoy NJ. (1994). Effect of fluoride on rat testicular
steroidogenesis. Fluoride 27: 7-12. (See abstract)
National Research Council. (1993). Reproductive effects of fluoride.
In: Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on
Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. National Academy Press
Washington, DC . (See chapter)
Pati PC, Bhunya SP. (1987). Genotoxic effect of an environmental
pollutant, sodium fluoride, in mammalian in vivo test system.
Caryologia 40:79-87. (See abstract)
Pattee OH, et al. (1988). Effects of dietary fluoride on reproduction
in Eastern Screech-Owls. Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 17: 213-218. (See abstract)
Pinto R, et al. (1998). NaF may disturb male fertility in rodents.
Toxicology Letters 95(Suppl 1): 214. (See abstract)
Shashi A. (1992). Biochemical effects of fluoride on lipid metabolism
in the reproductive organs of male rabbits. Fluoride 25: 149-154.
Shashi A. (1990). Histopathological changes in rabbit ovary during
experimental fluorosis. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
33(2):113-7. (See abstract)
Shashi A. (1990). Histopathological changes in rabbit testes during
experimental fluorosis. Folia Morphol (Praha) 38(1):63-5. (See
abstract)
Sprando RL, et al. (1998). Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to
affect spermatogenesis: a morphometric study. Food and Chemical
Toxicology 36: 1117-24. (See abstract)
Sprando RL, et al. (1997). Testing the potential of sodium fluoride to
affect spermatogenesis in the rat. Food and Chemical Toxicology
35(9):881-90. (See abstract)
Sprando RL, et al. (1996). Effect of intratesticular injection of
sodium fluoride on spermatogenesis. Food and Chemical Toxicology 34:
377-84. (See abstract)
Susheela AK, Kumar A. (1991). A study of the effect of high
concentrations of fluoride on the reproductive organs of male rabbits,
using light and scanning electron microscopy. Journal of Reproductive
Fertility 92(2):353-60. (See abstract)
van Rensburg SWJ, de Vos WH. (1966). The influence of excess fluorine
intake in the drinking water on reproductive efficiency in bovines.
The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 33: 185-194. (See
summary)
Yang KD, et al. (2002). [Study on antagonistic effects of selenite on
fluoride-induced impairments of testis and epididymis in rats].
Chung-Kuo Kung Kung Wei Sheng 18: 427-9. (See abstract)
Zakrzewska H, et al. (2002). In vitro influence of sodium fluoride on
ram semen quality and enzyme activities. Fluoride 35: 153-160. (See
abstract | See study)
Zhao ZL, et al. (1995). The influence of fluoride on the content of
testosterone and cholesterol in rat. Fluoride 28: 128-130. (See
abstract)
Zhu XZ, et al. (2000). [The primary study of antagonism of selenium on
fluoride-induced reproductive toxicity of male rat]Chung-Kuo Kung Kung
Wei Sheng 16: 697-8. (See abstract)
Humans: (back to top)
Barot VV. (1998). Occurrence of endemic fluorosis in human population
of North Gujurat, India: human health risk. Bulletin of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 61: 303-310.
Chinoy, NJ, Narayana MV. (1994). In vitro fluoride toxicity in human
spermatozoa. Reproductive Toxicology 8(2):155-9. (See abstract)
Freni SC. (1994). Exposure to high fluoride concentrations in drinking
water is associated with decreased birth rates. Journal of Toxicology
and Environmental Health 42:109-121. (See abstract)
Kuznetsova LS. (1969). The effects of the various operations in the
manufacture of superphosphate on the sex organs of female workers. Gig
Tr i Prof Zabol. 13: 21-25. (See discussion of study)
Neelam, K, et al. (1987). Incidence of prevalence of infertility among
married male members of endemic fluorosis district of Andhra Pradesh.
In: Abstract Proc Conf Int Soc for Fluoride Res. Nyon, Switzerland.
Ortiz-Perez D, et al. (2003). Fluoride-induced disruption of
reproductive hormones in men. Environmental Research 93(1):20-30. (See
abstract)
Susheela AK, Jethanandani P. (1996). Circulating testosterone levels
in skeletal fluorosis patients. Journal of Toxicology and Clinical
Toxicology 34(2):183-9. (See abstract)
Tokar VI, Savchenko ON. (1977). Effect of inorganic fluorine compounds
on the functional state of the pituitary-testis system. Probl
Endokrinol (Mosk). 23(4):104-7. (See abstract)
IX. FLUORIDE and BIRTH DEFECTS (back to top)
Burgstahler AW. (1975). Editorial Review: Fluoride and Down's Syndrome
(Mongolism). Fluoride 8: 1-11, 120.
Erickson JD, et al. (1976). Water Fluoridation and Congenital
Malformations: No Association. Journal of the American Dental
Association 93 (5): 981-984. (See abstract)
Goh EH, Neff AW. (2003). Effects of fluoride on Xenopus embryo
development. Food and Chemical Toxicology 41(11): 1501-8. (See
abstract)
Minta M, Wlodarczyk B. (2003). Effect of some environmental
contaminants on differentiation in micromass culture of rat embryo
limb bud cells. Reproductive Toxicology 17: 500. (See abstract)
Needleman HL, et al. (1974). Fluoridation and the Occurrence of Down's
Syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 291: 821-823.
Rapaport I. (1961). A propos du mongolisme infantile. Une deviation du
metabolisme de tryptophane provoquee par le fluor chez la drosophile.
Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. (Paris). 145: 450-453. (See discussion of
Rapaport's research)
Rapaport I. (1960). Oligophrenie mongolienne et ectodermoses
congenitales. Ann. Dermatol. Syphiligr. 87: 263-278.
Rapaport I. (1959). Nouvelles recherches sur le mongolisme. A propos
du role pathogenique du fluor. Bull. Acad. Nat. Med. (Paris). 143:
367-370.
Rapaport I. (1957). Contribution a l'etude etiologique du mongolisme.
Role des inhibiteurs enzymatiques. Encephale. 46: 468-481.
Takahashi K. (1998). Fluoride-linked down syndrome births and their
estimated occurrence due to water fluoridation. Fluoride 31(2):61-73.
(See paper)
Verma RJ, Sherlin DM. (2001). Vitamin C ameliorates fluoride-induced
embryotoxicity in pregnant rats. Human & Experimental Toxicology
20(12):619-23. (See abstract)
Waldbott GL, Burgstahler AW, and McKinney HL. (1978). Fluoridation:
The Great Dilemma. Coronado Press, Inc., Lawrence, Kansas. p. 212-219.
(See excerpt)
Whiting P. (2001). Association of Down's syndrome and water fluoride
level: a systematic review of the evidence. BioMed Central Public
Health 1:6.(See study)
X. FLUORIDE & THE IMMUNE SYSTEM (back to top)
Gabler WL, Leong PA. (1979). Fluoride inhibition of polymorphonuclear
leukocytes. Journal of Dental Research 58(9):1933-9. (See abstract)
Gibson S. (1992). Effects of fluoride on immune system function.
Complementary Medicine Research 6: 111-113. (See excerpts)
Greenberg SR. (1982). Leukocyte response in young mice chronically
exposed to fluoride. Fluoride 15: 119-123. (See abstact)
Jain SK, Susheela AK. (1987). Effect of sodium fluoride on antibody
formation in rabbits. Environmental Research 44: 117-125. (See
abstract)
Loftenius A, et al. (1999). Fluoride augments the mitogenic and
antigenic response of human blood lymphocytes in vitro. Caries
Research 33:148-55. (See abstract)
Susheela AK, Jain SK. (1983). Fluoride-induced haematological changes
in rabbits. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 30:
388-93. (See abstract)
Sutton P. (1991). Is the ingestion of fluoride an immunosuppressive
practice? Medical Hypotheses 35: 1-3. (See paper)
Sutton P. (1987). Does fluoride ingestion affect developing immune
system cells? Medical Hypotheses 23: 335-336. (See paper)
Wilkinson PC. (1983). Effects of fluoride on locomotion of human blood
leucocytes in vitro. Archives of Oral Biology 28: 415-8. (See
abstract)
XI. ALLERGY/HYPERSENSITIVITY TO FLUORIDE (back to top)
de Vos G, et al. (2004). Effects of fluoride and mercury on human
cytokine response in vitro. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
113(Suppl 1): S66. (See abstract)
Goldman D. (2001). Tacrolimus ointment for the treatment of
steroid-induced rosacea: a preliminary report. Journal of the American
Academy of Dermatology 44: 995-8. (See abstract)
Grimbergen GW. (1974). A Double Blind Test for Determination of
Intolerance to Fluoridated Water (Preliminary Report). Fluoride
7:146-152.
Feltman R, Kosel G. (1961). Prenatal and postnatal ingestion of
fluorides - Fourteen years of investigation - Final report. Journal of
Dental Medicine 16: 190-99. (See excerpts)
Feltman R. (1956). Prenatal and postnatal ingestion of fluoride salts:
A progress report. Dental Digest 62: 353-357. (See excerpt)
Lewis A, Wilson CW. (1985). Fluoride hypersensitivity in Mains tap
water demonstrated by skin potential changes in guinea-pigs. Medical
Hypotheses 16: 397-402. (See abstract)
Shea JJ, et al. (1967). Allergy to fluoride. Annals of Allergy
25:388-91. (See study)
Spittle B. (1993). Allergy and hypersensitivity to fluoride. Fluoride
26(4):267-73. (See paper)
Waldbott GL. (1958). Allergic reactions from fluorides. International
Archives of Allergy 12: 347-355. (See summary)
Waldbott GL. (1956). Incipient fluorine intoxication from drinking
water. Acta Medica Scandinavica 156: 157-168. (See summary)
Zanfanga PE. (1976). Allergy to fluoride. Fluoride 9(1): 36-41. (See
paper)
Allergy to Fluoride Toothpaste (back to top)
Brun R. (2004). Recurrent benign aphthous stomatitis and fluoride
allergy. Dermatology 208: 181. (See report + commentary)
Douglas TE. (1957). Fluoride dentifrice and stomatitis. Northwest
Medicine 56: 1037-1039.
McCaffery K. (2003). Fluoride and dermatitis. Journal of the American
Dental Association 134: 1166-1167.
Mellette JR, et al. (1976). Fluoride tooth paste: A cause of perioral
dermatitis. Archives of Dermatology 112: 730-731.
Saunders MA. (1975). Fluoride toothpastes: A cause of acne-like
eruptions. Archives of Dermatology 111: 793.
Shea JJ, et al. (1967). Allergy to fluoride. Annals of Allergy
25:388-91. (See study)
XII. FLUORIDE & CARIES (Tooth Decay) (back to top)
Decline of Caries in Western Industrialized Societies (Irrespective of
Fluoridation) (back to top)
Colquhoun J. (1997). Why I changed my mind about Fluoridation.
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 41:29-44. (See paper)
Diesendorf M. (1986). The mystery of declining tooth decay. Nature
322: 125-129. (See paper)
Glass RL. (1981). Secular changes in caries prevalence in two
Massachusetts towns. Caries Research 15: 445-50. (See abstract)
Gray AS. (1987). Fluoridation: time for a new base line? Journal of
the Canadian Dental Association 53: 763-5. (See abstract)
Haugejorden O. (1996). Using the DMF gender difference to assess the
"major" role of fluoride toothpastes in the caries decline in
industrialized countries: a meta-analysis. Community Dentistry and
Oral Epidemiology 24(6):369-75. (See abstract)
Kalsbeek H, Verrips GH. (1990). Dental caries prevalence and the use
of fluorides in different European countries. Journal of Dental
Research 69(Spec Iss): 728-32. (See abstract)
Leverett DH. (1982). Fluorides and the changing prevalence of dental
caries. Science 217(4554):26-30. (See abstract)
Marthaler TM, et al. (1996). The prevalence of dental caries in Europe
1990-1995. ORCA Saturday afternoon symposium 1995. Caries Research
30(4):237-55. (See abstract)
Petersson GH, Bratthall D. (1996). The caries decline: a review of
reviews. European Journal of Oral Science 104(4(Pt 2)):436-43. (See
abstract)
Reich E. (2001). Trends in caries and periodontal health epidemiology
in Europe. International Dental Journal 51(6 Suppl 1):392-8. (See
abstract)
WHO (Online). WHO Oral Health Country/Area Profile Programme.
Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Surveillance/Oral Health. WHO
Collaborating Centre, Malmo University, Sweden. (See data)
Caries Decline in Belgium - (Unfluoridated Water, Fluoridated Salt):
Carvalho JC, et al. (2001). The decline in dental caries among Belgian
children between 1983 and 1998. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 29(1):55-61. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in Denmark - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Petersen PE. (1992). Effectiveness of oral health care--some Danish
experiences. Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 88(1-2):13-23.
(See abstract)
Caries Decline in Finland - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Vehkalahti M, Rytomaa I, Helminen S. (1991). Decline in dental caries
and public oral health care of adolescents. Acta Odontologica
Scandinavica 49(6):323-8. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in France - (Unfluoridated Water, Fluoridated Salt):
Obry-Musset AM. (1998). [Epidemiology of dental caries in children]
[Article in French] Arch Pediatr. 5(10):1145-8. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in Germany - (Unfluoridated Water, Fluoridated Salt):
Gulzow HJ. (1990). [Preventive dentistry in the Federal Republic of
Germany] [Article in German] Oralprophylaxe. 12(2):53-60. (See
abstract)
Caries Decline in Greece - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Athanassouli I, et al. (1994). Dental caries changes between 1982 and
1991 in children aged 6-12 in Athens, Greece. Caries Research
28(5):378-82. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in Iceland - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Einarsdottir KG, Bratthall D. (1996). Restoring oral health: On the
rise and fall of dental caries in Iceland. European Journal of Oral
Science 104(4 ( Pt 2)):459-69. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in The Netherlands - (Unfluoridated Water,
Unfluoridated Salt):
Truin GJ, et al. (1994). Caries prevalence in Belgium and The
Netherlands. International Dental Journal 44(4 Suppl 1):379-8. (See
abstract)
Caries Decline in Norway - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Birkeland JM, Haugejorden O. (2001). Caries decline before fluoride
toothpaste was available: earlier and greater decline in the rural
north than in southwestern Norway. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
59(1):7-13 (See abstract)
Kallestal C, et al. (1999). Caries-preventive methods used for
children and adolescents in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 27(2):144-51. (See abstract)
Caries Decline in Sweden - (Unfluoridated Water, Unfluoridated Salt):
Stecksen-Blicks C, Holm AK. (1995). Dental caries, tooth trauma,
malocclusion, fluoride usage, toothbrushing and dietary habits in
4-year-old Swedish children: changes between 1967 and 1992.
International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 5(3):143-8. (See
abstract)
Caries Decline in Switzerland - (Unfluoridated Water, Fluoridated
Salt):
Menghini G, et al. (2003). [Caries prevalence among students in 16
Zurich districts in the years 1992 to 2000 Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed
113(3):267-77. (See abstract)
Marthaler TM. (1991). [School dentistry in Zurich Canton: changes as a
result of caries reduction of 80 to 85 percent] [Article in German]
Oralprophylaxe. 13(4):115-22. (See abstract)
NIDR's National Survey of Dental Health in US (Largest dental survey
conducted in US): (back to top)
Brunelle, JA, Carlos JP. (1990). Recent trends in dental caries in
U.S. children and the effect of water fluoridation. Journal of Dental
Research 69(Special edition): 723-727. (See paper)
Heller KE, et al (1997). Dental caries and dental fluorosis at varying
water fluoride concentrations. Journal of Public Health Dentistry
57(3): 136-143. (See abstract)
Hileman B. (1989). New studies cast doubt on fluoridation benefits.
Chemical and Engineering News May 8. (See article)
Yiamouyiannis JA. (1990). Water fluoridation and tooth decay: Results
from the 1986-87 national survey of U.S. schoolchildren. Fluoride 23:
55-67. (See paper)
Fluoridation Cessation Studies (back to top)
Burt BA, et al. (2000). The effects of a break in water fluoridation
on the development of dental caries and fluorosis. Journal of Dental
Research 79(2):761-9. (See abstract)
Kunzel W, et al. (2000). Decline in caries prevalence after the
cessation of water fluoridation in former East Germany. Community
Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 28(5): 382-389. (See abstract)
Kunzel W, Fischer T. (2000). Caries prevalence after cessation of
water fluoridation in La Salud, Cuba. Caries Research 34(1): 20-5.
(See abstract)
Maupome G, et al. (2001). Patterns of dental caries following the
cessation of water fluoridation. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 29(1): 37-47. (See abstract)
Seppa L, et al. (2000) Caries trends 1992-98 in two low-fluoride
Finnish towns formerly with and without fluoride. Caries Research
34(6): 462-8. (See abstract)
See also:
Ziegelbecker R. (1998). Fluoridation in Europe. Fluoride 31: 171-174.
Critique of Early Fluoridation Trials (back to top)
Sutton P. (1960) Fluoridation: Errors and Omissions in Experimental
Trials. Melbourne University Press. Second Edition. (See report).
Sutton P. (1996). The Greatest Fraud: Fluoridation. A Factual Book.
Kurunda Pty, Ltd, PO Box 22, Lorne, Australia 3232.
Ziegelbecker R. (1970). A critical review on the fluorine caries
problem. Fluoride 3: 71-79. (See abstract)
Fluoride's Topical Vs. Systemic Effects (back to top)
Burt BA. (1999). The case for eliminating the use of dietary fluoride
supplements for young children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 59:
269-74. (See abstract)
Carlos JP. (1983). Comments on Fluoride. Journal of Pedodontics
Winter: 135-136.
CDC. (2001). Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control
Dental Caries in the United States. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly
Review 50(RR14):1-42. (See report )
CDC (1999). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of
Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries. Mortality and Morbidity
Weekly Review 48(41): 933-940. (See report)
Featherstone J.D.B. (1999) Prevention and reversal of dental caries:
role of low level fluoride. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
27:31-40. (See abstract)
Featherstone, J.D.B. (2000). The Science and Practice of Caries
Prevention. Journal of the American Dental Association 131: 887-899.
(See abstract)
Fejerskov O. (2004). Changing paradigms in concepts on dental caries:
consequences for oral health care. Caries Research 38: 182-91. (See
abstract)
Fejerskov O, et al. (1981). Rational use of fluorides in caries
prevention. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 241-249. (See abstract)
Heifetz SB, Proskin HM. (1995). Serendipitous results of a pilot
study: precaution indicated. Journal of Clinical Dentistry 6(1):117-9.
(See abstract)
Leverett DH. (1991). Appropriate uses of systemic fluoride:
considerations for the '90s. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 51:
42-7. (See excerpt)
Levine, R.S., (1976). The action of fluoride in caries prevention: a
review of current concepts. British Dental Journal 140: 9-14.
Locker, D. (1999). Benefits and Risks of Water Fluoridation. An Update
of the 1996 Federal-Provincial Sub-committee Report. Prepared for
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (See report )
Limeback, H. (1999). A re-examination of the pre-eruptive and
post-eruptive mechanism of the anti-caries effects of fluoride: is
there any caries benefit from swallowing fluoride? Community Dentistry
and Oral Epidemiology 27: 62-71. (See abstract)
Mirth DB et al. (1985). Comparison of the cariostatic effect of
topically and systemically administered controlled release fluoride in
the rat. Caries Research 19: 466-74.
Fluoride and Pit & Fissure Decay: (back to top)
Journal of the American Dental Association. (1984). Preserving the
perfect tooth. Editorial. Vol. 108.
"It is estimated that 84% of the caries experience in the 5 to 17
year-old population involves tooth surfaces with pits and fissures.
Although fluorides cannot be expected appreciably to reduce our
incidence of caries on these surfaces, sealants can."
Gray AS. (1987). Fluoridation: time for a new base line? Journal of
the Canadian Dental Association 53: 763-5.
"The type of caries now seen in British Columbia's children of 13
years of age, is mostly the pit and fissure type. Knudsen in 1940,
suggested that 70 percent of the caries in children was in pits and
fissures. Recent reports indicate that today, 83 percent of all caries
in North American children is of this type. Pit and fissure cavities
aren't considered to be preventable by fluorides, they are prevented
by sealants."
White B. (1993). Toward improving the oral health of Americans: an
overview of oral health status, resources and care delivery . Public
Health Reports 108(6): 657-672.
"Fluoridation and the use of other fluorides have been successful in
decreasing the prevalence of dental caries on the smooth surfaces of
teeth. Unfortunately, these efforts have much less effect on dental
caries that occur in the pits and fissures of teeth (particularly on
the biting surfaces of teeth) where more than 85 percent of dental
caries now occur."
Pinkham JR, ed. (1999). Pediatric Dentistry Infancy Through
Adolescence. 3rd Edition. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co.
"[E]namel surfaces with pits and fissures receive minimal caries
protection from either systemic or topical fluoride agents."
Fluoride & Baby Bottle Tooth Decay (back to top)
Barnes GP, et al. (1992). Ethnicity, location, age, and fluoridation
factors in baby bottle tooth decay and caries prevalence of Head Start
children. Public Health Reports 107: 167-73. (See abstract)
Shiboski CH, et al. (2003). The association of early childhood caries
and race/ethnicity among California preschool children. Journal of
Public Health Dentistry 63(1):38-46. (See abstract)
Von Burg MM, et al. (1995). Baby bottle tooth decay: a concern for all
mothers. Pediatric Nursing 21:515-519. (See abstract)
Elevated Fluoride Exposure Increases Tooth Decay (back to top)
Awadia AK, et al. (2002). Caries experience and caries predictors - a
study of Tanzanian children consuming drinking water with different
fluoride concentrations. Clinical Oral Investigations (2002) 6:98-103.
(See abstract)
Budipramana ES, et al. (2002). Dental fluorosis and caries prevalence
in the fluorosis endemic area of Asembagus, Indonesia. International
Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 12(6):415-22. (See abstract)
Ekanayake L, Van Der Hoek W. (2002). Dental caries and developmental
defects of enamel in relation to fluoride levels in drinking water in
an arid area of sri lanka. Caries Research 36(6):398-404. (See
abstract)
Grobleri SR, et al. (2001). Dental fluorosis and caries experience in
relation to three different drinking water fluoride levels in South
Africa. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 11(5):372-9.
(See abstract)
Mann J,et al. (1990). Fluorosis and dental caries in 6-8-year-old
children in a 5 ppm fluoride area. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 18(2):77-9. (See abstract)
Mann J, et al. (1987). Fluorosis and caries prevalence in a community
drinking above-optimal fluoridated water. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 15(5):293-5. (See abstract)
Olsson B. (1979). Dental findings in high-fluoride areas in Ethiopia.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 7(1):51-6. (See abstract)
Ramseyer WF, et al. (1957). Effect of Sodium Fluoride Administration
on Body Changes in Old Rats. Journal of Gerontology 12: 14-19. (See
excerpt)
Retief DH, et al. (1979). Relationships among fluoride concentration
in enamel, degree of fluorosis and caries incidence in a community
residing in a high fluoride area. Journal of Oral Pathology 8: 224-36.
(See abstract)
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London. (See excerpts)
Smith MC, Smith HV. (1940). Observations on the durability of mottled
teeth. American Journal of Public Health 30: 1050-1052.
Teotia SPS, Teotia M. (1994). Dental caries: a disorder of high
fluoride and low dietary calcium interactions (30 years of personal
research). Fluoride 27(2): 59-66. (See abstract | See study)
Ziegelbecker R, Ziegelbecker RC. (1993). WHO data on dental caries and
natural fluoride levels. Fluoride 26: 263-266. (See excerpt)
See also:
Steelink C. (1992). Fluoridation Controversy. (Letter). Chemical
Engineering News July 27: 2-3.
Fluoride & Delayed Eruption of Teeth: (back to top)
Ainsworth NJ. (1933). Mottled teeth. British Dental Journal 55:
233-250.
Campagna L, et al. (1995). Fluoridated drinking water and maturation
of permanent teeth at age 12. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
19(3):225-8. (See abstract)
Feltman R, Kosel G. (1961). Prenatal and postnatal ingestion of
fluorides - Fourteen years of investigation - Final report. Journal of
Dental Medicine 16: 190-99.
Freitas JA, et al. (1971). Influence of fluoridation in the chronology
of eruption of permanent teeth. Estomatologia e Cultura 5: 156-165.
Krook L, et al. (1983). Dental fluorosis in cattle. Cornell
Veterinarian 73(4):340-62. (See abstract)
Kunzel VW. (1976). [Cross-sectional comparison of the median eruption
time for permanent teeth in children from fluoride poor and optimally
fluoridated areas] Stomatol DDR. 5:310-21. (See abstract)
Lemmon JR. (1934). Mottled enamel of teeth in children. Texas State
Journal of Medicine 30: 332-336.
Leroy R, et al. (2003). The effect of fluorides and caries in primary
teeth on permanent tooth emergence. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 31(6):463-70. (See abstract)
Limeback, H. (2002). Systemic Fluoride: Delayed Tooth Eruption and
DMFT vs Age Profiles. abstract presented at IADR/AADR/CADR 80th
General Session. San Diego, California. March 6-9. (See abstract)
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London. (See excerpts)
Virtanen JI, et al. (1994). Timing of eruption of permanent teeth:
standard Finnish patient documents. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 22(5 Pt 1):286-8. (See abstract)
See also:
Nadler GL. (1998). Earlier dental maturation: fact or fiction? Angle
Orthod. 68(6):535-8. (See abstract)
XIII. DENTAL FLUOROSIS (back to top)
Mechanism of Action (back to top)
Aoba T, Fejerskov O. (2002). Dental fluorosis: chemistry and biology.
Critical Review of Oral Biology and Medicine 13: 155-70. (See
abstract)
DenBesten PK, et al. (2002). Effects of fluoride on rat dental enamel
matrix proteinases. Archives of Oral Biology 47: 763-770. (See
abstract)
DenBesten P (1999). Biological mechanism of dental fluorosis relevant
to the use of fluoride supplements. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 27: 41-7. (See abstract)
Everett ET, et al. (2002). Dental fluorosis: variability among
different inbred mouse strains. Journal of Dental Research 81: 794-8.
(See abstract)
Fejerskov O, et al. (1990). The nature and mechanisms of dental
fluorosis in man. Journal of Dental Research 69(Spec Iss): 692-700.
(See abstract)
Matsuo S, et al. (1998). Mechanism of toxic action of fluoride in
dental fluorosis: whether trimeric G proteins participate in the
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Susheela AK, Bhatnagar M. (1999). Structural aberrations in fluorosed
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Current Rates of Dental Fluorosis (back to top)
Clark DC. (1994). Trends in prevalence of dental fluorosis in North
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Journal of Pub Health Dentistry 50:276-81. (See abstract)
Dental fluorosis more prevalent among African-Americans (back to top)
Butler WJ, et al. (1985). Prevalence of dental mottling in school-aged
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Chikte UM, et al. (2001). Perceptions of fluorosis in northern Cape
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Spencer AJ, et al. (1996). Water fluoridation in Australia. Community
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Welbury RR, Shaw L. (1990). A simple technique for removal of
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Dental fluorosis & Bone fracture (back to top)
Alarcon-Herrera MT, et al. (2001). Well Water Fluoride, Dental
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Fluorosis & Caries (back to top)
Awadia AK, et al. (2002). Caries experience and caries predictors - a
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Budipramana ES, et al. (2002). Dental fluorosis and caries prevalence
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Ekanayake L, Van Der Hoek W. (2002). Dental caries and developmental
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Mann J,et al. (1990). Fluorosis and dental caries in 6-8-year-old
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Mann J, et al. (1987). Fluorosis and caries prevalence in a community
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Olsson B. (1979). Dental findings in high-fluoride areas in Ethiopia.
Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 7(1):51-6. (See abstract)
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London. (See excerpts)
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fluoride and low dietary calcium interactions (30 years of personal
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Vignarajah S. (1993). Dental caries and enamel opacities in children
residing in urban and rural areas of Antigua with different levels of
natural fluoride in drinking water. Community Dental Health 10:
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Risk Factors for Fluorosis (back to top)
Angmar-Mansson B, Whitford GM. (1990). Environmental and physiological
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Behrendt A, Oberste V, Wetzel WE. (2002). Fluoride concentration and
pH of iced tea products. Caries Research 36(6): 405-410. (See
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Bentley EM, et al. (1999). Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young
children. British Dental Journal 186(9):460-2. (See abstract)
Burt BA. (1999). The case for eliminating the use of dietary fluoride
supplements for young children. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 59:
269-74. (See abstract)
Brothwell D, Limeback H. (2003). Breastfeeding is protective against
dental fluorosis in a nonfluoridated rural area of Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Human Lactation 19: 386-90. (See abstract)
Clark DC, et al. (1994). Influence of exposure to various fluoride
technologies on the prevalence of dental fluorosis. Community
Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 22: 461-4. (See abstract)
Fein NJ, Cerklewski FL. (2001). Fluoride content of foods made with
mechanically separated chicken. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry
49(9):4284-6. (See abstract)
Fomon SJ, Ekstrand J, Ziegler EE. (2000). Fluoride intake and
prevalence of dental fluorosis: trends in fluoride intake with special
attention to infants. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 60(3):131-9.
(See abstract)
Fomon SJ, Ekstrand J. (1999). Fluoride intake by infants. Journal of
Public Health Dentistry 59(4):229-34. (See abstract)
Griffin SO, et al. (2002). Esthetically objectionable fluorosis
attributable to water fluoridation. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 30(3):199-209. (See abstract)
Heilman JR, et al. (1999). Assessing fluoride levels of carbonated
soft drinks. Journal of the American Dental Association
130(11):1593-9. (See abstract)
Heilman JR, et al. (1997). Fluoride concentrations of infant foods.
Journal of the American Dental Association 128: 857-863. (See
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Kiritsy MC, et al. (1996). Assessing fluoride concentrations of juices
and juice-flavored drinks. Journal of the American Dental Association
127(7):895-902. (See abstract)
Levy SM, Guha-Chowdhury N. (1999). Total fluoride intake and
implications for dietary fluoride supplementation. Journal of Public
Health Dentistry 59: 211-23. (See abstract)
Levy SM, et al. (1995). Sources of fluoride intake in children.
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 55(1):39-52. (See abstract)
Lewis DW, Limeback H. (1996). Comparison of recommended and actual
mean intakes of fluoride by Canadians. Journal of the Canadian Dental
Association 62: 708-715. (See abstract)
Marshall TA, et al. (2004). Associations between Intakes of Fluoride
from Beverages during Infancy and Dental Fluorosis of Primary Teeth.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23(2):108-16. (See
abstract)
Mascarenhas AK. (2000). Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of
the recent literature. Pediatric Dentistry 22(4):269-77. (See
abstract)
Mascarenhas AK, Burt BA. (1998). Fluorosis risk from early exposure to
fluoride toothpaste. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology
26(4):241-8. (See abstract)
Massler M, Schour I. (1952). Relation of endemic dental fluorosis to
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Murray MM, Wilson DC. (1948). Fluorosis and nutrition in Morocco.
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Turner SD, et al. (1998). Impact of imported beverages on fluoridated
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Level of fluoride in infant-formula made with fluoridated water is
100-200 times higher than fluoride level found in women's breast milk:
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plasma to breast milk. British Medical Journal (Clin Res Ed). 283:
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Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Standing Committee on
the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and
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XIV. FLUORIDE: NOT an ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT (back to top)
National Research Council (1993). Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride.
National Academy Press, Washington DC. See page 30. (See report)
XV. SOURCES OF FLUORIDE EXPOSURE (back to top)
Behrendt A, Oberste V, Wetzel WE. (2002). Fluoride concentration and
pH of iced tea products. Caries Research 36: 405-410. (See abstract)
Bentley EM, et al. (1999). Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young
children. British Dental Journal 186: 460-2. (See abstract)
Brothwell D, Limeback H. (2003). Breastfeeding is protective against
dental fluorosis in a nonfluoridated rural area of Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Human Lactation 19: 386-90. (See abstract)
Burgstahler AW, et al. (1997). Fluoride in California wines and
raisins. Fluoride 30: 142-146. (See abstract)
Department of Health & Human Services (DHHS). (1991). Review of
Fluoride: Benefits and Risks. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on
Fluoride. Page 17.
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a warning about overdosing formula-fed infants with fluoride.
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Farkas CS. (1975). Total fluoride intake and fluoride content of
common foods: a review. Fluoride 8: 98-105. (See abstract)
Fein NJ, Cerklewski FL. (2001). Fluoride content of foods made with
mechanically separated chicken. Journal of Agricultural Food Chemistry
49: 4284-6. (See abstract)
Fomon SJ, Ekstrand J, Ziegler EE. (2000). Fluoride intake and
prevalence of dental fluorosis: trends in fluoride intake with special
attention to infants. Journal of Public Health Dentistry 60: 131-9.
(See abstract)
Fomon SJ, Ekstrand J. (1999). Fluoride intake by infants. Journal of
Public Health Dentistry 59: 229-34. (See abstract)
Full CA, Parkins FM. (1975). Effect of cooking vessel composition on
fluoride. Journal of Dental Research 54: 192.
Jackson RD, et al. (2002). The fluoride content of foods and beverages
from negligibly and optimally fluoridated communities. Community
Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 30: 382-91. (See abstract)
Kiritsy MC, et al. (1996). Assessing fluoride concentrations of juices
and juice-flavored drinks. Journal of the American Dental Association
127: 895-902. (See abstract)
Heilman JR, et al. (1999). Assessing fluoride levels of carbonated
soft drinks. Journal of the American Dental Association 130: 1593-9.
(See abstract)
Heilman JR, et al. (1997). Fluoride concentrations of infant foods.
Journal of the American Dental Association 128: 857-863. (See
abstract)
Levy SM, et al. (2003). Patterns of fluoride intake from 36 to 72
months of age.Journal of Public Health Dentistry 63: 211-20. (See
abstract)
Levy SM, Guha-Chowdhury N. (1999). Total fluoride intake and
implications for dietary fluoride supplementation. Journal of Public
Health Dentistry 59: 211-23. (See abstract)
Levy SM, et al. (1995). Sources of fluoride intake in children.
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 55: 39-52. (See abstract)
Lewis DW, Limeback H. (1996). Comparison of recommended and actual
mean intakes of fluoride by Canadians. Journal of the Canadian Dental
Association 62: 708-9, 712-5. (See abstract)
Lung SC, et al. (2003). Fluoride concentrations in three types of
commercially packed tea drinks in Taiwan. Journal of Exposure Analysis
and Environmental Epidemiology 13: 66-73. (See abstract)
Marshall TA, et al. (2004). Associations between Intakes of Fluoride
from Beverages during Infancy and Dental Fluorosis of Primary Teeth.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 23:108-16. (See abstract)
Martinez-Mier EA, et al. (2003). Fluoride intake from foods, beverages
and dentifrice by children in Mexico. Community Dentistry and Oral
Epidemiology 31: 221-30.
Mascarenhas AK. (2000). Risk factors for dental fluorosis: a review of
the recent literature. Pediatric Dentistry 22(4):269-77. (See
abstract)
Mascarenhas AK, Burt BA. (1998). Fluorosis risk from early exposure to
fluoride toothpaste. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 26:
241-8. (See abstract)
Marier JR. (1977). Some current aspects of environmental fluoride.
Science of the Total Environment 8: 253-65. (See abstract)
Marier J, Rose D. (1977). Environmental Fluoride. National Research
Council of Canada. Associate Committe on Scientific Criteria for
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Marier J, Rose D. (1966). The Fluoride Content of Some Foods and
Beverages - a Brief Survey Using a Modified Zr-SPADNS Method. Journal
of Food Science 31: 941-946. (See abstract & excerpt)
Pang D, et al. (1992). Fluoride intake from beverage consumption in a
sample of North Carolina children. Journal of Dental Research 71:
1382-1388.
Prival M, Fisher F. (1974). Adding fluorides to the diet. Environment
16: 29-33.
Stannard JG, et al. (1991). Fluoride levels and fluoride contamination
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Taves DR. (1983). Dietary intake of fluoride ashed (total fluoride) v.
unashed (inorganic fluoride) analysis of individual foods. British
Journal of Nutrition 49: 295-301.
Turner SD, et al. (1998). Impact of imported beverages on fluoridated
and nonfluoridated communities. General Dentistry 46(2):190-3. (See
abstract)
Warnakulasuriya S, et al. (2002). Fluoride content of alcoholic
beverages. Clinica Chimica Acta 320(1-2):1-4. (See abstract)
XVI. NUTRITONAL DEFICIENCIES EXACERBATE FLUORIDE'S TOXICITY (back to
top)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1993).
Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine
(F). U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health
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Antonyan OA. (1980). Lipid peroxidation in fluorosis and the
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Chen YC, et al. (1997). Nutrition survey in dental fluorosis-afflicted
areas. Fluoride 30(2):77-80. (See abstract)
Ekambaram P, Paul V. (2001). Calcium preventing locomotor behavioral
and dental toxicities of fluoride by decreasing serum fluoride level
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Krishnamachari KA, Krishnamachari K. (1973). Genu valgum and
osteoporosis in an area of endemic fluorosis. The Lancet
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Li G, Ren L. (1997). [Effects of excess fluoride on bone turnover
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Lin Fa-Fu, et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and
high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine
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Council of Canada. Associate Committe on Scientific Criteria for
Environmental Quality. NRCC No. 16081. (See report).
Massler M, Schour I. (1952). Relation of endemic dental fluorosis to
malnutrition. Journal of the American Dental Association 44: 156-165.
(See excerpt)
Ouyang W, et al. (2000). [Effect caused by uptake of different levels
of calcium to enamel fluorosis in rats] [Article in Chinese]. Zhonghua
Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 35(1):47-9. (See abstract)
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London.
Suttie JW, Faltin EC. (1973). Effects of sodium fluoride on dairy
cattle: influence of nutritional status. American Journal of
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Tazhibaev ShS, et al. (1987). [Modifying effect of nutrition on the
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Teotia SPS, Teotia M. (1994). Dental caries: a disorder of high
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Teotia SPS, et al. (1984). Environmental Fluoride and Metabolic Bone
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See also:
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injury through elimination of fluoride and consumption of diet rich in
essential nutrients and antioxidants. Molecular and Cellular
Biochemistry 234-235(1-2):335-40. (See abstract)
XVII. ACUTE TOXICITY of FLUORIDE (back to top)
Akiniwa, K. (1997). Re-Examination of Acute Toxicity of Fluoride.
Fluoride 30: 89-104. (See paper)
Eichler HG, et al. (1982). Accidental ingestion of NaF tablets by
children--report of a poison control center and one case.
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Therapy and Toxicology
20: 334-8. (See abstract)
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Toxicology of Commercial Products. 3rd Ed. Williams & Wilkins,
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See also:
Carton R. (1994). Middletown Maryland: Latest City to Receive Toxic
Spill of Fluoride in their Drinking Water. The Townsend Letter for
Doctors and Patients. October 15. 1124. (See paper)
XVIII. SYSTEMIC FLUORIDE NEVER APPROVED BY FDA (back to top)
Food & Drug Administration. (2000). Letter from Melinda K. Plaisier,
Associate Commissioner for Legislation, FDA, to Congressman Ken
Calvert. Dec 21, 2000. (See letter)
Kelly JV. (2000). Letter to Senator Robert Smith, Chairman of
Environment and Public Works Committee, U.S. Senate, August 14, 2000.
(See letter)
XX. ALTERNATIVES TO FLUORIDE (back to top)
Xylitol (back to top)
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Research 79(3):882-7. (See abstract)
Soderling E, et al. (1991). Long-term xylitol consumption and mutans
streptococci in plaque and saliva. Caries Research 25(2):153-7. (See
abstract)
Soderling E, Scheinin A. (1991). Perspectives on xylitol-induced oral
effects. Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society 87(2):217-29. (See
abstract)
Steinberg LM, et al. (1992). Remineralizing potential, antiplaque and
antigingivitis effects of xylitol and sorbitol sweetened chewing gum.
Clinical Preventive Dentistry 14(5):31-4. (See abstract)
Tanzer JM. (1995). Xylitol chewing gum and dental caries.
International Dental Journal 45(1 Suppl 1):65-76. (See abstract)
Trahan L, et al. (1996). Emergence of multiple xylitol-resistant
(fructose PTS-) mutants from human isolates of mutans streptococci
during growth on dietary sugars in the presence of xylitol. Journal of
Dental Research 75(11):1892-900. (See abstract)
XX. REVIEWS of the SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE (back to top)
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) (1993).
Toxicological Profile for Fluorides, Hydrogen Fluoride, and Fluorine
(F). U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Public Health
Service. ATSDR/TP-91/17. (See report)
American Dental Association. (1999). Fluoridation Facts. (See report)
CDC. (2001). Recommendations for Using Fluoride to Prevent and Control
Dental Caries in the United States. Mortality and Morbidity Weekly
Review 50(RR14):1-42. (See report )
CDC (1999). Achievements in Public Health, 1900-1999: Fluoridation of
Drinking Water to Prevent Dental Caries. Mortality and Morbidity
Weekly Review 48(41): 933-940 October 22, 1999. (See report)
Colquhoun J. (1997). Why I changed my mind about Fluoridation.
Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 41:29-44. (See report)
Connett P, et al. (2001). Fluoridation: Time for a Second Look?
Rachel's Environment and Health News May 10. No. 724. (See report)
Connett P. (2000). Fluoride: A Statement of Concern. Waste Not #459.
Canton NY. (See report)
Department of Health and Human Services. (1991). Review of fluoride:
benefits and risks. Report of the Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Fluoride.
Washington, DC. (See synopsis)
Diesendorf M, et al. (1997). New evidence on fluoridation. Australian
& New Zealand Journal of Public Health 21: 187-190. (See report)
Diesendorf M. (1995). How science can illuminate ethical debates: a
case study on water fluoridation. Fluoride 28: 87-104. (See report)
Diesendorf M, Sutton P. (1986). Fluoride: New Grounds for Concern. The
Ecologist 16(6). (See report)
Environment Canada. (1993). Inorganic Fluorides: Priority Substances
List Assessment Report. Government of Canada, Ottawa. (See report)
Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility. (2000). Known and
suspected developmental neurotoxicants. pp. 90-92. In: In Harms Way -
Toxic Threats to Child Development. Greater Boston Physicians for
Social Responsibility: Cambridge, MA. (See excerpt)
Hileman B. (1988). Fluoridation of water. Questions about health risks
and benefits remain after more than 40 years. Chemical and Engineering
News August 1, 1988, 26-42. (See report)
Hirzy JW. (1999). Why EPA's Headquarters Professionals' Union Opposes
Fluoridation. National Treasury Employees Union Chapter 280. May 1.
(See report)
Limeback H. (2000). Why I am now officially opposed to adding fluoride
to water. (See report)
Liteplo RG, et al. (1994). Inorganic fluoride: Evaluation of risks to
health from environmental exposure in Canada. Journal of Environmental
Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis &
Ecotoxicology Reviews 12: 327-344.
Locker D. (1999). Benefits and Risks of Water Fluoridation. An Update
of the 1996 Federal-Provincial Sub-committee Report. Prepared for
Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care. (See report )
Mancuso N, et al. (1997). Natick Fluoridation Study Committee Report.
(See report)
Marier J, Rose D. (1977). Environmental Fluoride. National Research
Council of Canada. Associate Committe on Scientific Criteria for
Environmental Quality. NRCC No. 16081. (See report).
McDonagh M, et al. (2000). A Systematic Review of Public Water
Fluoridation. ("The York Review.") NHS Center for Reviews and
Dissemination. University of York. September 2000. (See report | See
peer review of study | See letter from Chair of Advisory Board)
National Research Council. (1993). Health effects of ingested
fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested
Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. (See report)
Roholm K. (1937). Fluoride intoxication: a clinical-hygienic study
with a review of the literature and some experimental investigations.
H.K. Lewis Ltd, London.
Schmidt TC. (2000). Fluoride's Effect on Bone - and some related
considerations. JohnLeeMD.com. March 12. (See report)
Taskforce on Fluoridation. (1997). The Lord Mayor's Taskforce on
Fluoridation - Final Report. (Brisbane, Australia). (See report)
World Health Organization. (2002). Environmental Health Criteria 227:
FLUORIDES. World Health Organization, Geneva. (See report)
• R.L. Measures
<npa...@insightbb.com> wrote:
• A charitable euphemism.
> but I wanted to get out some research just so readers can think for
> themselves. Unfortunately, many a member of a town council is not so
> well informed.
> >
• indeed. My dentist seems to be pretty well informed and he says that
flouride toughens tooth enamel.
cheers, Nathan.
Nathan Packer
>Nathan Packer <npa...@insightbb.com> wrote in message Please show us
>> an article, even an abstract from a respected journal. I would like to
>> see just one revelant article.
I would still like to see just one relevant article. Just because you
can scan and paste doesn't make anything relevant. Sorry. Much of this
is junk science and some articles printed in respectible journals
don't apply at all. In fact, several articles recommend fluoridation
of the drinking water.
Dumping this monster post on us represents the height of stupid
posting behavior and a gross lack of Netiquette.
You can bet that nyscof hasn't read these articles that are
referenced.
But there is a lot of scare tactics to influence the less intelligent
or uninformed.
This the type of s**t you get when you have a poster that lives in the
Bozone layer.
>
>
>
>--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
>
[snip] of irrelevant garbage
>
>Fluoride & Learning/Behavior:
>
>Bhatnagar M, et al. (2002). Neurotoxicity of fluoride:
>neurodegeneration in hippocampus of female mice. Indian Journal of
>Experimental Biology 40: 546-54. (See abstract)
>
>Calderon J, et al. (2000). Influence of fluoride exposure on reaction
>time and visuospatial organization in children. Epidemiology 11(4):
>S153. (See abstract)
>
>Calvert GM, et al. (1998). Health effects associated with sulfuryl
>fluoride and methyl bromide exposure among structural fumigation
>workers. American Journal of Public Health 88(12):1774-80. (See
>abstract)
>
>Ekambaram P, Paul V. (2001). Calcium preventing locomotor behavioral
>and dental toxicities of fluoride by decreasing serum fluoride level
>in rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 9(4):141-146. (See
>abstract)
>
>Li XS. (1995). Effect of fluoride exposure on intelligence in
>children. Fluoride 28(4):189-192. (See abstract)
Fluoride is a pseudoscientific journal listed in QuackWatch. Does
nyscof know anything about Peer review and journals being found in
PubMed?
>
>Li Y, et al. (1994). [Effect of excessive fluoride intake on mental
>work capacity of children and a preliminary study of its mechanism]
>Hua Hsi I Ko Ta Hsueh Hsueh Pao. 25(2):188-91. (See abstract)
>
>Lin Fa-Fu; et al (1991). The relationship of a low-iodine and
>high-fluoride environment to subclinical cretinism in Xinjiang. Iodine
>Deficiency Disorder Newsletter Vol. 7. No. 3. (See study)
>
>Lu Y, et al (2000). Effect of high-fluoride water on intelligence of
>children. Fluoride 33:74-78. (See abstract | See study )
>
>Morgan L, et al (1998). Investigation of the possible associations
>between fluorosis, fluoride exposure, and childhood behavior problems.
>Pediatric Dentistry 20: 244-252. (See abstract)
nyscof really is in the bozone layer.
The conclusion of the above article:
Although there was no association between the fluoride exposures in
aggregate and fluorosis, there was a significant association between
supplemental fluoride exposure from ages 0-3 years and fluorosis.
There was no association between behavior problems and dental
fluorosis in this population.
Supplemental fluoride must be watched carefully. Just like taking a
slug of straight chlorine to supplement what is in drinking water -
could be deterimental to one's health.
>
>Mullenix P, et al. (1995).Neurotoxicity of sodium fluoride in rats.
>Neurotoxicology and Teratology 17:169-177. (See abstract | See
>editorial discussing this study)
>
>Paul V, et al. (1998). Effects of sodium fluoride on locomotor
>behavior and a few biochemical parameters in rats. Environmental
>Toxicology and Pharmacology 6: 187–191. (See abstract)
>
>Schettler T, et al. (2000). Known and suspected developmental
>neurotoxicants. pp. 90-92. In: In Harms Way - Toxic Threats to Child
>Development. Greater Boston Physicians for Social Responsibility:
>Cambridge, MA. (See excerpt)
>
>Spittle B. (2000). Fluoride and intelligence (Editorial). Fluoride 33:
>49-52. (See editorial)
See above
>
>Sun ZR, et al. (2000). Effects of high fluoride drinking water on the
>cerebral functions of mice. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 19:
>262-263. (See abstract)
>
>Xiang Q, et al. (2003). Effect of fluoride in drinking water on
>children's intelligence. Fluoride 36: 84-94. (See abstract)
See above
>
>Yang Y, et al. (1994). [Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on
>children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and fluorine].
>Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi.15(5):296-8. (See abstract)
Right
>
>Zhang C, et al. (1999). [Effect of fluoride-arsenic exposure on the
>neurobehavioral development of rats offspring] Wei Sheng Yan Jiu.
>28(6):337-8. (See abstract)
>
>Zhang Z, et al. (2001). [Effects of selenium on the damage of
>learning-memory ability of mice induced by fluoride]. Wei Sheng Yan
>Jiu. 30(3):144-6. (See abstract)
>
>Zhang Z, et al. (1999). [Effect of fluoride exposure on synaptic
>structure of brain areas related to learning-memory in mice] [Article
>in Chinese]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 28(4):210-2. (See abstract)
>
[snip] of the rest of the pages of articles that nyscof is totally,
blissfully unaware of the content.
>
>http://www.slweb.org/bibliography.html
All this from from this web site devoted to rats. Rats tested here and
rats tested there. Rest assured, these articles are of great concern
to rats.
John Manning
Nathan Packer wrote:
The guy is similar to a TBM or some current Bush lovers. You can't
penetrate his brain with facts OR reality. He's like an old vinyl
record. You can't change the set grooves. I wonder if he uses
unflouridated tooth paste and how good his teeth are.
He freaks about fluoride and ignores stuff like this from the origin of
this thread:
Jan 23,1852 - Brigham Young instructs Utah Legislature to legalize
slavery because "we must believe in slavery."
LOL
John
Nathan Packer
You see these people appear at school board meetings to demand that
creationism be taught in the science courses. They repeat mumbo jumbo
and quote some obscure article. Discussing science with them is
futile.
nyscof
> On Sat, 05 Jun 2004 16:10:39 -0300, John Manning
> <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote:
>
> >
> >
> >Nathan Packer wrote:
> >
> >> On 5 Jun 2004 04:22:01 -0700, nys...@aol.com (nyscof) wrote:
> >>
> >>
> >>>Nathan Packer <npa...@insightbb.com> wrote in message Please show us
> >>>
> >>>>an article, even an abstract from a respected journal. I would like to
> >>>>see just one revelant article.
> >>
> >>
> >> I would still like to see just one relevant article. Just because you
> >> can scan and paste doesn't make anything relevant. Sorry. Much of this
> >> is junk science and some articles printed in respectible journals
> >> don't apply at all. In fact, several articles recommend fluoridation
> >> of the drinking water.
You apparently have no clue about science. Yes, I've provided you with
articles pro and con fluoridation. You have to go to pub med to get
the abstracts. Its time to do your homework and stop parroting the
party-line on fluoridation. Maybe you can go to a local medical or
dental school and ask them about evidence-based-dentistry. A long
over-due process that apparently you don't understand
> >>
> >> Dumping this monster post on us represents the height of stupid
> >> posting behavior and a gross lack of Netiquette.
Actually, it shows your stupidity and inability to find, let alone
read, information that you don't agree with.
> >>
> >> You can bet that nyscof hasn't read these articles that are
> >> referenced.
I can assure you we've read more dental books, abstracts, studies,
reports and articles about fluoride/fluoridation, both pro and con,
than almost anyone, including those who get paid to do so. But what I
do know for sure - "Nathan Packer" has not read even one of these
articles in its entirety; and he is pro-fluoridation no matter what
the facts tell him. He probably believes there are weapons of mass
destruction in Iraq also.
Nathan Packer
>Nathan Packer <npa...@insightbb.com> wrote in message news:<7l05c05nnk88gqfe3...@4ax.com>...
>> On Sat, 05 Jun 2004 16:10:39 -0300, John Manning
>> <jrob...@terra.com.br> wrote:
>>
>> >
>> >
>> >Nathan Packer wrote:
>> >
>> >> On 5 Jun 2004 04:22:01 -0700, nys...@aol.com (nyscof) wrote:
>> >>
>> >>
>> >>>Nathan Packer <npa...@insightbb.com> wrote in message Please show us
>> >>>
>> >>>>an article, even an abstract from a respected journal. I would like to
>> >>>>see just one revelant article.
>> >>
>> >>
>> >> I would still like to see just one relevant article. Just because you
>> >> can scan and paste doesn't make anything relevant. Sorry. Much of this
>> >> is junk science and some articles printed in respectible journals
>> >> don't apply at all. In fact, several articles recommend fluoridation
>> >> of the drinking water.
>
>You apparently have no clue about science. Yes, I've provided you with
>articles pro and con fluoridation. You have to go to pub med to get
>the abstracts. Its time to do your homework and stop parroting the
>party-line on fluoridation. Maybe you can go to a local medical or
>dental school and ask them about evidence-based-dentistry. A long
>over-due process that apparently you don't understand
I have been working PubMed for many years. I did this with Red when he
blasted us with his pages of references. Let's pick out one or two
articles from a peer-reviewed journal and we can analyze the data.
Just you and me, cabeza a cabeza. Why don't you select the first
article. Recent, say within the last 10 years. An article that has
been peer-reviewed. I even have access to a decent research library so
it is likely I can go to the actual paper copy, if necessary.
Maybe if you will stop your scan-blasting we can focus on the issue of
the science involved in drinking water fluoridation. I just love it
when we get down and dirty discussing statistical analysis, hypothesis
formation and analysis, and evaluating research protocol.
Oh by the way. Let's keep the rats out of the discussion. There is
plenty of research on people and people are the concern here. Right?
>
>
>
>> >>
>> >> Dumping this monster post on us represents the height of stupid
>> >> posting behavior and a gross lack of Netiquette.
>
>Actually, it shows your stupidity and inability to find, let alone
>read, information that you don't agree with.
I see a bit of nervousness in your demeanor. Find an article.
>
>
>> >>
>> >> You can bet that nyscof hasn't read these articles that are
>> >> referenced.
>
>I can assure you we've read more dental books, abstracts, studies,
>reports and articles about fluoride/fluoridation, both pro and con,
>than almost anyone, including those who get paid to do so. But what I
>do know for sure -
Who is the "we've"? Are you saying that you haven't read these
articles, but that someone else has? Tsk, Tsk. You really don't know
what is in these articles.
I see you neglected to address my little bet which demonstrates again
that you haven't read these articles. If you haven't read them, then
why are you posting the references. Find a peer reviewed article that
concludes and supports the position of no fluoridation of public
drinking water.
"Nathan Packer" has not read even one of these
>articles in its entirety; and he is pro-fluoridation no matter what
>the facts tell him. He probably believes there are weapons of mass
>destruction in Iraq also.
I am the only one that has presented any discussion of any of the
articles. I am way ahead of you buster when it comes to presenting the
actual research.
So let's go. Pick something. Remember an article peer reviewed and
from a reputable journal and no journal listed on QuackWatch.
Clovis Lark
Rats provide a suitable model for how political leaders work...
Nathan Packer
Heh, heh. :-) You are correct, but I believe it is easier to make
politicians do something for a little extra in the rations