AGHA KHAN wrote in message ...
>
>FOR THOSE WHO CAN THINK WITHOUT PREJUDICE:
>
>Continued from Part 1:
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
>
>1. In the earlier part it was mentioned that the present Karim Aga
>Khan is not the direct descendant of the Fatimid Imams that ruled
>over Misr (North Africa) between tenth and eleventh centuries. The
>next obvious question would be, whose descendant is he? Many
>historians have recorded that he is the descenedant of a Grand Master
>of Alamut named Hasan II, who was a grandson of a Dai and a successor
>to Hasan I. This Hasan I, also known as Hasan-bin-Sabbah was the first
>Grand Master of the Assassins of Alamut. He is known as the Old Man of
>the Mountain by the western historians. Hasan I was a Dai (Missionary)
>of the Fatimid Imams.
>Other historians claim, Karim Aga Khan is not even a descendant of
>Hasan I or Hasan II. Since all their descendants and followers were
>massacared by the Mongolian soldiers of the famous Chief Halaku Khan
>in 1258 A.D.
>
>2. Please ask an Ismaili to provide you with the Birth Years (please
>note it is the BIRTH years *not DEATH years*) of all the ancestors of
>their present 49th Imam Karim to the 1st Imam Ali. You will notice that
>the BIRTH YEARS (leave aside the birth dates and birth months) of more
>than 25% of these ancestors is NOT KNOWN. Specially, where the geneology
>is being questioned.
>
>3. Ismailis claim they number around 15 million. Please ask them
>to give countrywise ball part figures. They will not be able to
>go over the figure of 3 million, even if they double up their numbers.
>
>4. Here is an interesting situation concerning the future of the
>community. WHO WILL BE THE NEXT IMAM? Rahim and Hussein - the sons of
>Karim and his divorced wife Sally, have not been seen by the Jamat
>for the last several years. It is reported that the elder is not
>interested and is leading a different lifestyle. The younger is
>physically handicapped since last several years without any cure.
>Daughter Zahrah, who was taking interest in the social affairs
>of the Jamat and was considered until recently as the likely candidate
>by many Ismailis, has recently got engaged to a non-Muslim Europen.
>The divorced Karim has no other sons or grandsons. His unmarried brother
>has no issues. WILL THE ISMAILISM COME TO AN END, AS IT HAS MANY A TIMES
>IN THE PAST?
>
>5. Ask 100 Muslims, who was Prophet Muhammad (sas) and you will
>most likely get an uniform answer. Ask 100 Ismailis, who is Karim
>Aga Khan and you will probably get diversified as well as contraditory
>responses.
>
>6. Ask an Ismaili to provide names of published books about
>their Beliefs, Faith, Prayers, Rituals, Ginans (Devotional songs),
>Farmans (Imam's religious pronouncments and directives) and the
>literature that is supplied to the students in their religious
>classes. You will most probably meet a stone wall, even before you go
>to the next question as to where and how to obtain copies.
>
>******************************************************
>****************************************************************
>
>`A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AGAKHANS' (Section I)
>
>"Aga Khan" Is a Pet Name and not a Royal Title
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> "Aqa" (also, Agha or Aga) is a word, said to be of Tatar origin,
>signifying a dignitary or lord. The term was applied by the Turks
>to the chief of the janissaries. "Khan," now degraded by its
>overuse, was a title of nobility, and was also used for a local
>ruler or official. "Aga Khan" is the adopted family name of a
>hereditary spiritual leader (Imam) of the Shiah Nizari Ismailis.
>One of the many legends that have circulated about this
>mysterious religious leader is that the title of "Aga Khan" was
>conferred by the Emperor of Persia upon the great-great-
>grandfather of the present Aga Khan, for his dedicated services
>to the throne. On the contrary, Hassan Ali Shah Mahallati Aga
>Khan I (1804-81), was an unsuccessful insurgent. A one-time
>governor of Kirman in Persia, he had "proclaimed an independent
>government." In the opinion of Sir Richard Francis Burton (1821-
>90), a noted orientalist and British spy; the attempt at
>rebellion against the reigning sovereign was "ridiculous."
>
> In 1905, during a trial in the High Court of Bombay,
>Hassan's grandson, Aga Khan III, testified before Justice Russell
>that "Aga Khan" was "not a title but a sort of `alias,' a pet
>name when Hassan Ali was a young man." The pet name was later
>adopted as a hereditary family name by the succeeding Imams, who
>also claim to be the direct descendants of prophet Muhammad
>(sas).
>
> In his autobiography, `Ibrat-afza, written in Persian and
>published in Bombay, Hassan narrated his several unsuccessful
>military encounters in Persia, in which he had been aided by the
>British Raj. According to Sir Richard Burton, he had received
>weapons in quantity from John Company (British), including at
>least two heavy field pieces (cannons).
>
> In 1840, accompanied by a few hundred horsemen, the
>"adventurous and romantic" Hassan (Aga Khan I), fled Persia. The
>defeated political refugee, sought and found sanctuary under the
>protection of the British Raj. Upon his arrival in Afghanistan,
>Hassan provided the mercenary services of his horsemen to the
>British army. In his memoirs, Hassan spelled out his reasons for
>joining the invading army of the British Raj in the conquest of
>Afghanistan and Sind from Muslim rulers. Hassan (a Muslim
>mercenary and so called direct descendant of the prophet!)
>referred to the British as "the people of God" (khalq 'ullah),
>and to his role of acting as a secret agent for the British
>general Sir Charles Napier as "for the sake of God's pleasure"
>(mahd-i rida-yi ilahi).
>
> Nearly a century later, Hassan's grandson, Aga Khan III, was
>proud to record in his own Memoirs the mercenary services of his
>grandfather, which he described as "stout assistance" rendered to
>the British Raj in their process of imperialistic expansion. "For
>these services and for others which he rendered to Sir Charles
>Napier in his conquest of Sind in 1843-4, my grandfather received
>a pension from the British Government." Hassan's ambitions of
>recovering his lost territories from the Shah of Persia, with the
>help of "the people of God" (the British), were never fulfilled.
>However, he did receive a hereditary title of "Highness" which
>the present Karim Aga Khan uses with pride.
>
>1866: A British Court Seals the Fate of a Sunni Muslim Community
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> Under the protection of and with aid from the British Raj, Aga
>Hassan Ali Shah - Aga Khan I, successfully established his
>religious authority over a small Muslim "Khojah" community
>of converted Hindus that lived on the west coast of India. The majority of
>these converts had adopted Sunni persuassion, the faith of their orginal
>converters to Islam. These Sheikhs - the converters, are presently known as
>"Pirs of Khojahs" by the Ismailis.
>
> Aga Hassan Ali Shah wrote in his autobiography `Ibrat-afza' that he
>was himself a `Murid' of a Sufi Master Mast `Ali Shah (Haji Zayn
>al-`Abidin Shirwani), who was a successor to Majdhub `Ali Shah,
>the thirty-eighth Qutub of the `Ata Alllah Sufi Order. Hassan Ali
>Shah initiated a new era in the history of these converted mostly Sunni
>"Khojah" Muslims. Ismaili history books records that in 1864, he
>removed the officiating Sunni "Mullah" from the Khojah Mosque in
>Bombay and replaced him with a Shiah "Maulvi". In 1866, the fate
>of this "Khojah" Muslim community was sealed when a British
>judge, Sir Joseph Arnold, passed judgment in favour of the Aga
>Khan on all points, declaring him the undisputed religious leader
>of the "Khojah" community giving him the absolute control over all
>communal property, including prayer houses and burial grounds.
>This was a turning point in the history of the Khojah community.
>
> Historical records and the court documents filed by the Aga
>Khan's counsel show that prior to the arrival of the Aga Khan,
>the majority of the Khojahs observed Sunni rites and rituals,
>with religious ceremonies carried out by Sunni Mullahs. After
>receiving the necessary mandate, Hassan began proselytizing the
>Khojah community. These documents also record that Hassan guided them to
>the creed of his ancestors, which was an Ithna'ashriyyah persuasion of the
>Shiah sect of Islam. Hassan's autobiography records that he himself
>believed in the Imamat of Musa Kazim (the younger brother of Ismail) and
>his descendants. Majority of the historians record that Imam Ismail died
>within the life time of his father Imam Jaffer as Sadiq. Today, the present
>Aga Khan claims to be the designated hereditary direct descendant of Imam
>Ismail. This is a major noteworthy glaring shift, within the last four
>generations of the Aga Khans.
>
> Ismaili historians have recorded that until as late as 1874
>(34 years after his arrival in India), the Aga Khan's authority
>as a religious leader was sharply opposed by some influential
>wealthy members of the community. His followers in Bombay
>objected to "his too great predilection for drinking and
>intriguing with females," according to Sir Richard Burton.
>
> In 1881, Hassan died and was succeeded by his son Aga Ali
>Shah. His leadership lasted for a brief period of four years with
>no major events. His interests in life were horse breeding,
>racing, and big-game hunting. In 1885, Aga Ali Shah died and his
>eight-year-old son, Sultan Muhammad Shah, became Aga Khan III and
>the new leader of the community. The young Imam's mother, Lady
>Ali Shah, who was a very devoted Ithna'ashri Muslimah, became a
>trustee and, behind the scenes, acting leader of the community.
>She was instrumental in the introduction of various
>Ithna'ashriyyah rituals in the community. Some of these rituals
>are currently prevailent as a legacy of Lady Ali Shah who died in 1938.
>
>Aga Khan III, an International Politician
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> In 1898, the young Aga Khan undertook his first tour of
>Europe. On his way, he approached Sultan Abdul Hamid of the Ottoman
>Empire with "an elaborate plan for colonization." The statement
>submitted was prepared by Rabbi Kahn. The plan was based upon Aga
>Khan's Zionist friend Professor Haffkine's masterpiece scheme for
>the establishment of a Jewish settlement "that could be
>progressively undertaken in the Holy Land." Dr. Haffkine had
>suggested before Aga Khan that "the land would be obtained by
>purchase from the Sultan's subjects" whereas "the capital was to be
>provided by wealthier members of the Jewish community."
>
> Aga Khan, who claimed to be an Imam and a direct descendant of
>the prophet, wrote in his Memoirs: "As Haffkine propounded it, I
>thought this sort of Zionism useful and practical." The scheme
>was turned down by the Sultan. The disappointed Aga Khan wrote:
>"I must say its rejection has always seemed to me one of Abdul
>Hamid's greatest blunders." Today, looking at what is happening
>in Palestine, I but cannot refrain from quoting a passage from
>the Ismaili Du'a (ritual prayer), with a bewilderment and a doubt.
>The passage recited is a "fragmented" portion of the verse 36:12
>of the Holy Qur'an. The translation thereof, as it appears in the
>Du'a book including the words within the parentheses, reads;
>"And We have vested (the knowledge and authority) of everything
>in the manifest Imam."
>
> As long as the British Raj ruled in India, "the secret
>services of the Aga Khan III were in constant demand." He was an
>"Ambassador without Portfolio" for the British. In his Memoirs,
>he proudly referred to such services as "secret diplomatic
>missions." Besides several other titles, he received "the highest
>decoration which it was possible for any Indian subject of the
>Crown to receive (K.G.C.S.I.)," records Aga Khan.
>
> In 1930, the Aga Khan led the British Indian delegation to
>the Round Table conference held in London. In 1934, following the
>Second Round Table conference, the Aga Khan approached the
>British Government of India with a request to give him a
>territorial State so that he could join the company of Indian
>Maharajahs and Princes. Sultan Muhammad Shah - Aga Khan the
>third, was greatly disappointed when his offer was rejected by
>the Mcdonald government. In 1937, he represented the British
>Indian government in the League of Nations. Thereafter, he was
>elected president of this prestigious international organization.
>
>Aga Khan introduces "Ali is truly Allah" as the Confession of Faith
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> Aga Khan III enjoyed a long life. During his 72 years of
>Imamat (leadership), from 1885 to 1957, he changed the course of
>history for the Khojah community. Socially and economically, Khojah
>community made great progress, and so did the Aga Khan. He became
>one of the richest men on earth, and a leading breeder and owner of
>thoroughbred horses. Between 1930 and 1936, his horses made history
>in the racing world by winning several prestigious racing events in
>Europe. His grandson - Karim Aga Khan, has carried on the family
>tradition on the turf of horse racing.
>
> During his leadership, Aga Khan III was literally weighed by
>his followers; in Silver at Bombay, in Gold at Bombay and Nairobi,
>in the rented industrial Diamonds at Bombay and Dar-es-Salaam, and
>finally in Platinum at Cairo and Karachi. Aga Khan gave back to the
>community welfare projects, the money collected for these token
>ceremonies.
>
> Long before the arrival of the Aga Khans in India, Khojah
>families had settled in East Africa, especially on the island of
>Zanzibar. The Aga Khan III, encouraged his followers to emigrate to
>East Africa in greater numbers. Many of these families became
>prosperous businessmen. Today, the majority of the descendants of
>these pioneers have resettled in Europe and North America.
>
> Aga Khan was also successful in changing course of the
>religious path of the community. The Ithna'ashriyyah rites and
>rituals that his mother and grandfather had introduced in the
>community were systematically thrown out by him. The jobs of the
>Shiah Maulvis were taken over by his close relatives and paid
>missionaries. Aga Khan introduced new theological concepts and
>sacred practices. Many of which attributed explicit divinity to
>Hazrat Ali, such as; reciting of "Ali is truly Allah" as an
>integral part of the Shahadah (Declaration of Faith), in their
>daily ritual prayers called Du'a. This was the beginning of the
>third and final proselytization in the history of the Khojah
>community. Today, Ismailis recite "Aliyyullah" in their ritual Du'a
>which translates; "Ali, the Allah".
>
> In 1905, the Aga Khan won a major civil suit brought against
>him by his relatives. One of the significant issues decided by the
>court was concerning the persuasion of the Khojah community. The
>judgment document declared the members to be "Shiah Ismailis".
>During this historic trial, the plaintiff's counsel suggested that
>the presiding judge Mr.Russell should not try the case, as he was
>a friend of Aga Khan - the defendant. In his judgment document,
>Justice Russell admitted: "I had exchanged calls with the Aga Khan
>and had dined twice with him and had asked him to dinner and he had
>not been able to come."
>
> In 1906, Aga Khan dismissed the traditionally elected "Khojah
>Joostis" (jurisprudent committees), of the community. In
>replacement thereof, Aga Khan established "Ismailia Councils" and
>appointed office-bearers and members for the Councils. The practice
>is prevalent to this day. In 1910, Aga Khan promulgated a legally
>drafted "Shiah Imami Ismaili Constitution" and ordained it under
>his personal seal. Thereafter, Aga Khan made a Farman (Royal
>Decree) commanding the followers to abide by the Constitution. The
>opening article 1.1 of the most recent Constitution ordained in
>1986 by the Hazar (present) Imam - Karim Aga Khan reads;
>
> "Mawlana Hazar Imam has inherent right and absolute and
>unfettered power and authority over and in respect of all religious
>and Jamati matters of the Ismailis."
>
> Below are the faithful reproductions of the Arabic transliteration,
>the English translation and the Gujrati translation (transliterated) of the
>phrase "Aliyyullah", as they appears in the book of Ismaili Du'a,
officially
>published by `The Shia Imami Ismailia Assiciation for Africa, Kenya',
1963:-
>
>The Arabic transliteration:
> "La ilaha illallaha, Mohammedur-Rasoolullahi, Aliyyun
>Amirul-mu'mineen Aliyyullah:"
>
>The English translation:
> "There is no deity except Allah, Muhammad is the Messenger of
Allah,
>Aly, the master of the believers, is from Allah."
>
>The Gujrati translation (transliterated) of the phrase "Aliyyullah":
> Please note the words within the parantheses are NOT mine, they do
>appear in the book of Dua:
>
> "Allah mahthi chhe (ane te ejh chhe)"
>which means; "Is from Allah (and is the same)".
>
>Here is a further clarification of the enigmatic phrase and its paradoxical
>translations:
>
> The phrase "Aliyyullah" is a combination of two words. "Aliyyun"
and
>"Allah". When these two words are joined together, the letter "n" becomes
>silent and the phrase is read as "Aliyyullah. The word "Aliyyun" translates
>"The Ali", and the word "Allah" translates "The God". Hence, the phrase
>"Aliyyullah" means "The Ali, The God". In the Ismaili terminology it
>signifies "The Aga Khan (The 49th Ali), The God".
>
> The English translation which reads in the Du'a book "is from
Allah"
>is just a smoke screen. The Gujrati translation with its elucidation within
>the brackets, removes that smoke screen. Furthermore, the Arabic word for
>"from" is "min", which does not appear in the Arabic text of the `Kalimah
>Shahadah'.
>
>Agakhan A Direct Descendant Of The Fatimid Caliphs!!!
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> In 1935, the Aga Khan's department for religious propagation
>and publications, Bombay, printed and distributed a book in Gujrati
>`Noorum-Mubin - A Glorious History Of The Ismaili Imams'.
>Aga Khan's genealogy was designated by the author - A. J. Chunara,
>as a "Sacred Rope of Allah" (Hab'lillah). During his Golden Jubilee
>year, Aga Khan the third, highly recommended his followers to read
>this newly published book.
>
> Although, many essential historical data were missing, the
>author had linked the Aga Khan's ancestry with the Grand Masters of
>the dreaded `Assassins' - a heretical sect of Islam, that
>flourished in Persia and Syria between 11th and 12th centuries. The
>current term `assassination' has its root from this community of
>Assassins. Most of the latter day Grand Masters claimed themselves
>to be the `Nizari Imams' of the Ismailis. These Nizari Imams were
>in turn shown as the hereditary physical descendants of the Fatimid
>Caliphs, who ruled in North Africa, Egypt, and Syria from 909 to
>1171. Many western scholars such as Marshall G. Hodgson and Bernard
>Lewis have doubted the authenticity of the advocated `physical
>descent' and suggested, it was but a kind of "Spiritual Filiation"
>(esoteric descent), which, with the succeeding generations became
>a physical linkage in the fullest sense.
>
> One of the Grand Masters of the Persian Assassins, Jalal al-
>Din Hasan - the 25th Nizari Imam, had publicly repudiated his
>grandfather's claim for being a physical descendant of the Fatimid
>Caliphs. He proclaimed himself a Sunni Muslim. Made a complete
>turnabout from the heretical Nizari doctrines and demanded from his
>followers a strict observance of the Islamic Shari'ah Laws. In
>1210, Jalal died of poisoning. His son, Grand Master Ala-uddin
>Muhammad - the 26th Nizari Imam, was a "sickly and unbalanced
>corrupt figure". In 1255, Ala-uddin; "died ignominiously,
>slaughtered with an axe by the hand of a former homosexual lover"
>records, Edward Burman of the University of Leeds in his book `The
>Assassins - Holy Killers Of Islam' (Aquarian Press, Great Britain).
>In 1256, the soldiers of Hulega Khan, razed to the ground all the
>fortresses and stronghold of the dreaded Assassins. The 27th and
>the last Imam of the Nizari Ismailis in Alamut "and his followers
>were kicked to a pulp and then put to the sword; and of him and his
>stock not trace was left..." writes professor Bernard Lewis, in his
>book `The Assassins', quoting historian Ata Malik Juvayni (1226-
>83).
>
> In India, Aga Khan the third, gradually replaced the hitherto
>popular term "Khojah" with "Imami Ismailis", in the community
>documents and literatures printed by his department for religious
>propaganda called "The Recreation Club". The so called "Club"
>lateron became "Ismailia Association". Today, the same organization
>is known as "The Shia Imami Ismaili Tariqah and Religious Education
>Board." The term "Ismaili" is derived from Ismail - the eldest son
>of Imam J'afar as Sadiq. Ismailis consider Imam J'afar as their
>fifth Imam and the physical descendant of Ali ibn Abi Talib (a.s.).
>Ismailis only recognize Hadhrat Ali's son - Husayn, as their Imam.
>The rest of the Shiahs recognize both the sons Hassan and Husayn,
>as their Imams and therefore they consider Imam J'afar as their
>Sixth Imam. According to the documents and historical accounts
>accepted by the vast majority of Shiahs (nearly 90%), Ismail died
>before his father. His younger brother, Musa Kazim, succeeded Imam
>J'afar and became the next Imam. Those who chose to depart from the
>mainstream Shiahs contended that Imam Ismail died after his father.
>Ismaili historians record that the funeral procession as well as
>the burial ceremony of Ismail did take place in Medina during the
>life time of his father, but, those were "mere ruse to mislead the
>enemies." This minority group became known as the "Seveners". The
>Nizari Ismailis comprise one group of the Seveners.
>
> Those who accepted Musa Kazim as their Seventh Imam became
>known as the "Twelvers" (Ithna'ashariyyahs), when their 12th and
>the last living Imam, disappeared into the cellar of his family
>home. The Twelvers claim that their last Imam has gone into
>"occultation." Ismailis on the other hand claim, an Imam never goes
>into hiding or occultation. Ismailis vehemently contend, if an Imam
>was to disappear or to pass away without designating his own
>physical descendant as the next Imam, the world would come to an
>end. They proudly declare, their Imams have - in spite of political
>and religious persecutions - survived, and, are ever present
>(Hazar) to lead the community. They prefer to call the present Aga
>Khan as "Mawlana Hazar Imam". Having an absolute faith in the
>doctrine of `a living Imam' is the absolute prerequisite for being
>an Ismaili.
>
> Here is the pinnacle of paradox: It is a documented fact that
>Aga Khan I and II, their ancestors in Persia, the horsemen who
>accompanied the Aga Khan I from Persia, and the mother of Aga Khan
>III were all dedicated Twelver Shiahs. They lived and died
>believing in the Imamate of Musa Kazim and his descendants. This
>fact is evident from the court documents, from the Memoirs written
>by two Aga Khans, and also from the inscriptions on the tombs of
>their ancestors in Persia. Ignoring such incontrovertible evidence,
>Ismailis continue to acknowledge, as well as recite in their
>prayers, that Aga Khan I and II were their 46th and 47th Imams, and
>that their ancestors in Persia were the preceding Imams. In other
>words, Ismailis assert that these individuals were in fact
>legitimate descendants of Imam Ismail, but for some inexplicable
>reason they had accepted the faith of those who had repudiated
>Ismail's claim to the Imamate. To say otherwise would be to
>discredit the authors of the Memoirs, their 46th and 48th Imams!
>
>
>( To be continued)
>
>Akbarally Meherally
>
>-----------------------------------------
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>Continued from Part 2:
>
>`A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE AGAKHANS' Section 2
>
>A Division Among The Followers Of The Aga Khan
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> The evidence presented before Justice Russell, in the Haji
>Bibi Case (Bombay - 1905), shows that Aga Khan the third, had
>introduced a "Du'a" (ritual prayer in Gujarati), upon his
>succession to the leadership of the Khojah community. Today, it is
>known as the Old (Gatpat) Du'a. In this daily prayer, the Aga
>Khan's physical ancestral lineage was devotedly recited. The family
>tree extended upwards from Hadhrat Ali to Shree Rama and Shree
>Krishna and continued further to the very First Incarnation (Fish),
>of the famous "Ten Incarnations" (Das-Avataras) of the Lord Vishnu.
>Thus, the Aga Khan was worshipped as; a physical manifestation of
>the `Noor' (Light) of Allah, the Tenth and Final Avatara (`Naklank'
>or `Kalkin') of the Lord Vishnu and the direct descendant of
>prophet Muhammad (s.a.s.) from Hadhrat Ali (a.s.).
>
> The followers of Aga Khan also used to recite, on the night of
>the New Moon (Chandrat), as well as on various occasions, a very
>devotional `Hymn in Gujarati' (Ginan), entitled "Das-Avatar". It
>was believed that mere listening to this Ginan, at the end moment
>of an Ismaili, would assure him/her of `Mok'sh' (Salvation) and the
>`Noorani Deedar' (Spiritual glimpse) of Noor Mawlana Hazar Imam
>Shah Sultan Muhammad Shah - Aga Khan the third, in the hereafter.
>Today, the Du'a has been changed. Before the western media, the
>present Aga Khan vehemently denies "Divinity". The fact that the
>Du'a had to be changed, the "Divinity" had to be denied publicly,
>indicates the growing influence of the Islamic Shariyya Laws on the
>world stage. Yet, to say otherwise would not only go against all
>the Ismaili religious practices, but even expose the "religion" to
>the charge of hypocrisy. HOW COULD A GOD CEASE TO BE A GOD? The
>present Aga Khan has yet to throw out `Ginans' recited in the
>Jamatkhanas, which even today attributed "Absolute Divinity" to Ali
>and thereby to him. One such popular Ginan is entitled "Haq tu- Pak
>tu".
>
> The introduction of the innovated `Shahadah' in the Gujarati
>Du'a which declared "Ali, truly Allah", became the basis of a major
>division among the followers of Aga Khan. In 1901, a small group of
>reprimanded followers, who had been admonished by the Ithna'ashriyya
>Mullahs during their visitation of Karbala, approached the Aga Khan with a
>special request. These followers were advised by the Iraqi Mullahs that the
>worship of Ali or Aga Khan as an Incarnation, Manifestation and/or
>Associate of Allah (SWT) nullifies their prayers, voids their fasting,
>pilgrimages, zakah, etc., and the eternal hell would be their place of
abode
>in the hereafter. The special request was to replace the enigmatic
>"Declaration of Faith" from the newly introduced Gujarati Du'a,
>with the one that declared Ali to be "the beloved of Allah" ("Ali-
>un-Wally-Allah"). Such a Declaration was professed by the rest of
>the Shiahs. The young Aga Khan was adamant and refused to amend or
>discard the "heretic" Declaration. He insisted, if the phrase that
>attributed "Divinity" to Ali (there by to himself, the 48th Ali)
>was to be discarded, then the entire Du'a should be throw out by
>his followers. The enlightened followers, having failed in their
>mission, decided to revert back to the original Ithna'ashriyya
>persuasion of their ancestors. A persuasion which was practised and
>professed by Aga Khan the first. The splinter group renounced the
>leadership of Aga Khan and established the Khojah Ithna'ashriyya
>Jama'at in Bombay. From there it spread to the rest of India and
>Africa. Due to this split many Khojah families in India and Africa
>were divided. They continue to remain so, until now. Today, Khojah
>Ismailis say; "Ithna'ashri Khojahs are the Dissidents." The Khojah
>Ithna'ashris say; "Ismaili Khojahs are the one who have abandoned
>the faith of their forefathers."
>
> The frustrated Aga Khan made a religious pronouncement
>(Farman), ordering his followers to sever all social and religious
>contacts with these so called Dissidents. Any of his follower,
>taking part in the marriage, or mourning of a Dissident could be
>excommunicated by the Ismailia Council, under the Rule Number 142
>of the `Ismailia Constitution', ordained by the Aga Khan. The
>hatred between the two groups took a violent turn. Aga Khan's Mukhi
>(Chief Priest) for Bombay - Hassan, was stabbed with a knife by an
>Ithna'ashri named Killu. Earlier, some Ismaili fanatics had
>severely beaten Killu and made him temporarily invalid. Killu
>admitted to the killing and was sentenced to death by hanging. The
>court trials, as well as the subsequent funeral procession and
>burial of Killu, brought the Dissident Khojahs out in the open. In
>1901, two Ismaili `Fida'is' (the terminology has its root in the
>`self sacrificing' Nizari Ismailis of the 12th century, known as
>the `Assassins of Alamut') attacked three Dissidents. Two
>Ithna'ashris died and one survived.
>
> Aga Khan's deep rooted hatred for the faith of his parents and
>grand parents (Ithna'ashrism) is glaringly visible in the quoted
>`Farman' made by him from Zanzibar on July 13, 1899.
> "Within ten, twenty or thirty years, the Ithna'ashri religion
>will be worn out. After 100 years the Ithna'ashri religion will not
>exist at all. It will not exist in Iran either because that
>religion's base is not on Aq'l (the power of reasoning). Our
>religion's base is on Aq'l." (Translation is from the Book of
>Farmans in Gujarati).
>
>Note: In the next four years, it will be 100 years to the above
>Farman. Today, the trend among the enlightened Ismailis is to
>revert back to the ancestral Tariqah of their forefathers. The one
>that was practised before the arrival of the Aga Khans in India,
>which was the Sunni Tariqah of Islam.
>
> Mohammed Ali Jinnah (1876-1948), the founder of Pakistan, was
>also by birth an Ismaili Khojah. He and the most of his family
>members joined the groups of the so called Dissident Khojah
>Ithna'ashris and remained so until their last days. Mr. Jinnah's
>closest associate and a prominent Pakistani industrialist, Mr.
>M.A.H. Isphani, wrote: "Qaid-e-Azam (Mohammed Ali Jinnah) told me
>that...when he was twenty-one, decided to quit the ranks of the
>Ismailis and join the Isna Ashari fold. ...that he tried to
>persuade the Aga Khan himself to abandon his headship of Ismailis
>and to join the ranks of the Isna Asharis, to which sect most of
>the members of the Aga Khan's own family belonged."
>
>Aga Khan becomes the Imam of Muhammad Shahi Syrian Ismailis
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> Rashid al-Din Sinan was a personal friend and a chief Da'i
>of Hassan II. Hassan, the Grand Master of Persian Assassins, had
>fraudulently declared himself an Imam. In 1166, Hassan was stabbed
>to death by his own brother-in-law for making the factitious
>claim. Hassan's son Muhammad II, developed enmity with the chief
>Da'i Sinan. Muhammad's attempt to kill Sinan failed. Sinan who
>had moved to Syria, now established his own domain and became the
>Grand Master and Imam of the Syrian Assassins.
>
> In 1256, almost all of the Persian Assassins were massacred
>by the Mongolian army. In 1273, the Syrian Assassins were also
>annihilated by the army of Mamluk Sultan Baybars. Thus, the
>Nizari Ismailis in Persia and Syria, who were better known as the
>heretic Assassins, lost their political power. "Ismailism
>stagnated as a minor heresy in Persia and Syria, with little or
>no political importance", writes Bernard Lewis in his book
>`Assassins'.
>
> In the realm of religion, nearly two centuries after their
>political downfall, the community of Nizari Ismailis split into
>two branches. Those who chose to follow Muhammad Shah, the elder
>son of the late Imam Mu'min Shah, became known as the "Muhammad
>Shahi Nizari Ismailis". The others who opted for the younger son
>named Qasim Shah were known as the "Qasim Shahi Nizari Ismailis".
>The Agakhans claim to be the descendants of Imam Qasim Shah.
>After this major split, there came the period of hiding (Dawr-i
>Satr) for the Nizari Imams. The Ismaili historians say; the
>period of hiding lasted for nearly three centuries. The
>historians have practically no records of the descendants of Imam
>Qasim Shah, from 1480 to 1722 A.D. The majority of Syrians who
>had become Muhammad Shahi Ismailis, also lost contact with their
>fortieth Imam, Amir Muhammad al Baqir, who had been living in
>southern India. They were desperately looking for a successor.
>
> In 1888, a delegation of Sheikhs, representing a small group
>of exploring Syrians called Hajjawis came to India. In Bombay
>they met the young Aga Khan. The desperate Sheikhs accepted the
>Imamate of Aga Khan, who was claiming to be a descendant of the
>rival branch. In the archives of the Ismailia Council in
>Salamiyya, Syria, there is a letter bearing the seal of Aga Khan,
>written in 1307 A.H. (1890 A.D.).
>
> In 1895, Aga Khan commanded his newly converted Syrian
>followers to substitute the Islamic Salah with the Gujarati Du'a,
>which he had introduced to his followers in India and Africa.
>Dick Douwes and Norman N. Lewis write in `The Trial of Syrian
>Ismailis'; "Some of the main innovations concerned the `salat',
>or ritual prayer: the Isma'ilis were now bidden to meet for
>prayer only twice a day, around a table on which a portrait of
>the Imam was placed and towards which the worshippers were to
>turn, instead of in the direction of Mecca. Many of the prayers
>were to be said in Urdu. Among the formulae to be pronounced were
>the words, "Ali Allah, sahi Allah" (`Ali is God, truly God)."
>(p.218). Nauzbillah!
>
> The Aga Khan appointed two Sheikhs from his Syrian
>followers, as his accredited representatives to collect Zakat,
>Khums and other donations. In 1901, three Syrian Ismailis were
>arrested in Tripoli as they were leaving for Bombay. They were
>carrying letters and money collected by these Sheikhs for the Aga
>Khan. The Sheikhs were arrested from Salamiyya on the charges of
>illegal "money-laundering". These leaders were charged with
>murder, attempted murder, and the use of violence for collecting
>money for the Aga Khan, records Douwes and Lewis. In 1903, the
>prisoners were tried in Damascus. In 1905, the Court issued a
>verdict condemning all the accused to life imprisonment.
>
> In 1919 and 1920, the Syrian Ismailis suffered another major
>setback. They were repeated raided by the bands of Nusseirys, led
>by Sheikh Saleh El-Ali. The heretics (Ismailis) were obliged to
>surrender all their possessions. Nusseirys killed the males. "The
>Ismaili women and children, left the town bared-foot, and semi-
>naked" records a Syrian Ismaili scholar, Moustapha Ghaleb in `The
>Ismailis of Syria."
>
> Six years ago in 1989, United States Federal Agents arrested
>three groups of Agakhani Ismailis in Dallas, Seattle and New York
>on the charges of illegal money-laundering. A total of thirteen
>Ismailis, eleven men and two women were charged. Five pleaded
>guilty. The illegal money-laundering operation stretched from
>United States to London and Switzerland, as well as from United
>States to Canada, London and Belgium. This was the largest money-
>laundering operation ever uncovered in North Texas and one of the
>largest in USA.
>
> Vincent Perini, a lawyer representing one of the Ismaili
>Mukhis (the chief representative of the community), who had
>illegally taken more than US$ 30 million in currency out of USA,
>between 1985 and 1987, said; the sect's members are required to
>give 12 percent to 25 percent of pre-tax income to the Aga Khan,
>a billionaire resident of Paris. "Traditionally, members of the
>community literally take the money in the form of cash to the Aga
>Khan, and traditionally there was secrecy involved," added
>Perini.
>
>Aga Khan's three Marriages and one Mut`ah
>^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
> At young age, Aga Khan fell in love with his uncle's beautiful
>daughter, Shahzadi Begum. In 1896, the marriage between Shahzadi
>and Sultan (A.K.III) was celebrated with grandeur and splendour in
>Poona (India). Mihir Bose records in his much publicized book `The
>Aga Khans'; "The Aga was seeking to make his mark as an Anglicized
>Indian in Western society, and his wife, brought up in strict
>Jenana quarters could hardly follow there. As the Aga moved into
>the wide world, his wife languished in the closed world, full of
>`resentment and reproach'."
>
> In 1908, Aga Khan who had left his beautiful wife back home,
>lost his heart to a pubescent teenage ballerina "Ginetta" (Miss
>Magliano), during his visit to France. In his `Memoirs' Aga Khan
>wrote: "I made the acquaintance of Mlle. Theresa Magliano, one of
>the most promising young dancers of the Ballet Opera of Monte
>Carlo, a ballerina..." In his Will document, Aga Khan wrote: "In
>the year One thousand nine hundred and eight I was married to
>CLEOPE TERESA MAGLIANO according to the Muta form of marriage..."
>In `The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam' under the heading Mut`ah,
>one reads; "Mut`ah: A marriage stipulated to be temporary,
>sometimes called a `marriage of pleasure'."
>
> Out of this union of a French Ballerina and a Persian Imam,
>two sons were born. Giussepe Mahdi Khan the eldest, died in 1911.
>Aly Salomone Khan who lived to be a legendary playboy, was the
>second. In the archives of the Turin town hall (Italy), there
>exists a record of the birth of Aly Salomone from the union of an
>unmarried 22 years old Teresa, with 34 years old His Highness the
>Aga Khan.
>
> In 1930, Aga Khan sent Aly Khan to Syria to visit his
>followers with his special `Holy Farman'. The Farman pronounced;
>"We are sending our son to you. Consider his arrival as my arrival.
>We are appointing our Prince as our `Wali-ahad' meaning, the
>successor to our throne." Members of the Syrian Jama'at took Bay'ah
>(oath of allegiance) at the hand of their future Imam and offered
>Nazrana (gifts). Almost every magazine and home of Ismailis in
>India and Africa had a photo of young Prince dressed in white Arab
>dress riding a white Arabian horse, taken during his visit to
>Syria, with captions "H.S.H. Prince Aly Khan Heir Apparent to
>Mowlana Hazar Imam".
>
> Within 27 years, the infallible Mowlana Hazar Imam realized
>that his `Holy Farman' had to be recanted. The beloved "Wali-ahad"
>did not live a life expected of a future Imam. In the June 1995
>issue of an American magazine `Vanity Fair', there is a
>spellbinding twelve page article `The Goddess and the Playboy'
>describing the "relentless pursuit of speed, sport, and women" by
>Prince Aly Khan. Aga Khan by his Will document, without making a
>mention of his earlier pronouncement, made Aly Khan's son Karim as
>his successor to the throne of Imamate.
>
> This recantation surprised his followers all over the world.
>They began asking questions; Did the infallible Mowlana Hazar Imam
>really erred? Can the 1400 years old Ismaili tradition and the
>Shiah Law "that the issue of a son is not an heir if there be a son
>alive", be broken? According to the deep rooted Ismaili tradition
>and uncompromising conviction, Hazar Imam's "Holy Farmans" are to
>be reckoned as the verses of the "Speaking Qur'an". At any given
>time and place they can supersede the verses of the so called
>"Silent or Book Qur'an". Based upon this conviction, the majority
>of the Agakhani Ismailis have done away with most essential basic
>Qur'anic Laws, such as; performing of greater or lesser ablutions
>before praying, facing towards qiblah while praying, takbir al-
>ihram, qiyam, ruku, salat al-jum'ah, physical fasting during the
>month of Ramadhan, hajj as well as the "Oneness" of Kalimah
>Shahadah.
>
> Biographer Willie Frischauer records in his book `The Aga
>Khans'; "Bettina (one of Aly's several girl friends) wrote: `To Aly
>it seemed that his father's preference for his son was a kind of
>public humiliation for him...He was never quite the same from that
>day on." When Aly Khan declared that he too had taken the Bay'ah of
>his own son Karim as his "Hazar Imam"; Karim became the spiritual
>father of his own father, according to the Ismaili tradition. In
>1960, the mortified Aly Khan was killed in a tragic car crash. He
>suffered crushed chest, fractured skull, broken neck and legs in
>that fatal accident.
>
> Aga Khan's third marriage in 1929 was with a French brunette,
>Andree Carron. Aga Khan's wealth and persuasion failed to convert
>this Roman Catholic girl to accept Islam. Out of this Muslim and
>Catholic union was born Aga Khan's third son Sadruddin Khan. In
>1938, Aga Khan who was nearly 60, met a tall French beauty
>contestant named Yvette in Cairo. Six years later, Aga Khan
>divorced his third wife Andree and married Yvette Lebrusse - "Miss
>Lyon" 1930 and "Miss Universe" contestant 1931. Aga Khan converted
>his fourth wife to Islam and named her "Umme Habibah". She
>accompanied the weak and ailing Aga Khan at all social and
>religious gatherings.
>
> In 1953, during his visit of Africa, there was "a subversive
>campaign among members of the sect calling for his and Aly's
>abdication from their spiritual leadership" records, `Vanity Fair'
>(June 1995). The campaign grew to such a proportion that at a
>special meeting of the Ismailia Council, held at the hotel suite of
>the Aga Khan, a decision was taken that "all members of the East
>African communities be requested to sign a declaration of loyalty
>to the Aga Khan, or be excommunicated if they refused." This was
>too much of a shock for the old and weakened Aga Khan.
>
> In 1954, Aga Khan was virtually crippled suffering from
>lumbago and sciatica. He could barely walk two yards, writes Mihir
>Bose. Three years later, the debilitated and ailing Aga Khan, who
>was now also suffering from a prolonged cancer, died. His grandson
>Karim became the 49th Hazar Imam of the community and `Aga Khan the
>Fourth' to carry on the family tradition.
>
>(Continued - See Section 3)
>
>Akbarally Meherally
>-----------------------------------------
>
>
>--
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>
> Allah, no god except Allah, the Creator, The One, The Merciful, The
> Forgiving, The Compassionate, Allah The God Of Abraham, Moses, Jesus,
> Muhammad (peace upon them all) true Prophets of God.
>
>
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~