How about archbishops and metropolitans?
Does it vary by jurisdiction or national tradition?
Thanks!
Phil
Archpriest John W. Morris
>Protopresbyter is Greek for Archpriest. Thus they are the same. An
>Archpriest is the highest rank given a married priest.
>There are, however, different traditions. I may be wrong, but I believe
>that the Russians have several different ranks of priests.
Bishop Tikhon has mentioned several times that in the Russian
tradition, protopresbyter is higher than archpriest. Apparently in the
years before the Revolution, there were only two protopresbyters in
the whole of the Russian Church (one was the head chaplain for the
Navy and I forget the other but it was a similarly high-responsibility
position). I am not sure of the situation in the various jurisdictions
following the Russian tradition since then.
In Him,
the sinner Caedmon
"Attain the Spirit of Peace and thousands around you will be saved."
--St. Seraphim of Sarov
In the Orthodox Church in America (the "OCA"), which, for the most part,
continues to follow the Russian tradition in these matters, the title and rank
of protopresbyter is now reserved for the OCA Chancellor and the Deans of the
OCA seminaries. It is the highest honor attainable by a married priest in the
OCA.
Up until recently (the late Protopresbyter Alexander Schmemann, former Dean of
St. Vladimir's Seminary, was the last), protopresbyters were privileged to wear
a mitre when serving or concelebrating at Divine Services. Mitred
protopresbyters were styled "Right Reverend Protopresbyter." The mitre has
since been suppressed as an award for the married clergy by the OCA's Holy
Synod. All protopresbyters are now styled "Very Reverend Protopresbyter," and
none presently are privileged to wear the mitre. Since "presbyter" is
virtually interchangeable with "priest", I would assume that "protopresbyter"
and "protopriest" are one and the same.
In any case, in the Russian tradition, as you correctly say, Caedmon, a
protopresbyter ranks above an archpriest. An archpriest is styled "Very
Reverend Archpriest." An archpriest is invested with a pectoral "Archpriest's
Cross," usually during a Service in church with the Bishop presiding. Later he
may be awarded the "palitza" ("epignation", the diamond-shaped thigh shield),
and still later, the pectoral "Jeweled Cross," also during a Service in church
with the Bishop presiding.
There are awards for clergy service in the Russian tradition before a priest
attains the rank of archpriest, the last one being the "Gold Cross." This, in
turn, is normally preceded by the "Purple Kamilavka," which is usually preceded
by the "Purple Skufya." The first award is normally the "Nadebrennik", a
rectangular-shaped "thigh shield" peculiar to the Russian tradition.
In Christ God,
"Papa" John, a sinner
>In the Orthodox Church in America (the "OCA"), which, for the most part,
>continues to follow the Russian tradition in these matters, the title and
>rank
>of protopresbyter is now reserved for the OCA Chanc
<and various comments about other "attaboys" used for priests in the OCA>
You left out "Mitred Archpriest."
Joseph
And Fr, Michael likes the term "attaboy."
In article <368f0237...@news.mindspring.com>,
caed...@mindspring.com wrote:
> Bishop Tikhon has mentioned several times that in the Russian
> tradition, protopresbyter is higher than archpriest. Apparently in the
> years before the Revolution, there were only two protopresbyters in
> the whole of the Russian Church (one was the head chaplain for the
> Navy and I forget the other but it was a similarly high-responsibility
> position). I am not sure of the situation in the various jurisdictions
> following the Russian tradition since then.
> the sinner Caedmon
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>But, since you raised the point, after having been awarded the Jeweled
Cross,
>some archpriests were later awarded the mitre. They were styled "Right
>Reverend Mitred Archpriest."
Golly! Reminds me of Amway - with promotions to "Diamond" distributor rank
and all that :)
Just to muddy the waters further, what's an archimandrite? Is this like a
single archpriest? (This thread is starting to remind me of those charts
comparing army/navel/air force rank equivalencies... :)
Thanks for all the answers!
Phil
Joseph, my friend, Glory to Jesus Christ!
I intentionally left out "Mitred Archpriest," a rank intermediate between
Protopresbyter and "simple" Archpriest so as not to confuse the situation
further. No archpriests are now being "mitred" in the OCA, so when the last
one dies (if there are any left at this point in time), "Mitred Archpriest" as
a rank will no longer exist.
But, since you raised the point, after having been awarded the Jeweled Cross,
some archpriests were later awarded the mitre. They were styled "Right
Reverend Mitred Archpriest."
When the OCA Holy Synod suppressed the mitre as an award for married clergy,
not only protopresbyters were affected by this decision--no more archpriests
were to be awarded the mitre either.
Btw, probably the best-known mitred archpriest was the recently-Glorified Saint
Alexis of Wilkes-Barre, Confessor and Defender of Orthodoxy in America. I have
seen one icon of St. Alexis in which he is portrayed wearing a mitre.
From the discussion, it appears that corrections need to be made in the order
which we use specifically in Colorado, and generally throughout our Diocese.
Heretofore, based on inputs from the local non-Greek Orthodox deans of the
other jurisdictions, and with the apparent concurrence of their diocesan
offices, we have been using the following scheme:
1. Greek Offikion of Pnevmatikos (wears Epigonation only on high Feastdays of
the Church); equivalent to the Russian award of the Naberednik (no offikion
title).
2. (No Greek equivalent); Russian award of the Red Skoufia (no offikion title).
3. Greek Offikion of Sakellarios (wears Epigonation & Pectoral Cross only on
high Feastdays of the Church); equivalent to the Russian award of the Gold
Cross (no offikion title).
4. (No Greek equivalent); Russian award of the Epigonation (no offikion title).
5. Greek Offikion of Oikonomos (wears Epigonation & Pectoral Cross during all
services & rites of the Church); equivalent to the Russian award of the
Jeweled Cross (no offikion title).
6. Greek Offikion of Protopresbyter (wears Epigonation & Pectoral Cross during
all services & rites of the Church; may additionally wear the pectoral cross at
all times such as with cassock while conducting routine tasks); equivalent to
the Russian Offikion of Protopresbyter (no additional item is awarded/worn).
7. (No Greek equivalent); Russian Offikion of Archpriest (wears Archpriest
Cross).
8. (No Greek equivalent); Russian Offikion of Mitred Archpriest (wears Mitre).
9. Greek Offikion of Archimandrite (wears Epigonation & Pectoral Cross during
all services & rites of the Church; may additionally wear the pectoral cross at
all times such as with cassock while conducting routine tasks); Russian
Offikion of Archimandrite (wears Archimandrite Cross).
Any updates/changes/corrections to this list would be most appreciated.
I might add, however, that this scheme was annotated under a seniority listing
of all GOAA, AOCANA, and OCA clergy in the Colorado area that was posted at the
GOAA cathedral in Denver during a recent visit by Metropolitan Theodosios and
Bishop Tikhon for a concelebrated Pan-Orthodox Liturgy. Nothing was said about
any errors, and the local area AOCANA and OCA deans were given copies of the
list and asked to update/correct ordination dates, offikia status, etc.
In the GOAA, as was stated in a previous post, all priests (married and
unmarried) are titled "Reverend" ("Aidesimotatos"), except Archimandrites and
the Archdiocese Chancellor who are "Very Reverend".
According to guidance given by His Eminence Metropolitan Isaiah to the the
clergy of the GO Diocese of Denver:
a. The Pnevmatikos ("spiritual father") receives an epigonation which he may
wear on high feastdays.
b. The Sakellarios ("sacristan") additionally receives a pectoral cross which
he may wear with his epigonation on high feastdays.
c. The Ekonomos (or Oikonomos) may wear his pectoral cross and epigonation
during all church services.
d. The Protopresbyter wears his pectoral cross and epigonation during all
church services, and additionally may wear his pectoral cross at all times
while in clerical garb.
Technically in the GOAA an offikion title (and authorization to wear the
associated hardware) only applies within the Diocese of the bishop awarding the
office; in practice, however, offikia of other hierarchs are recognized in the
other GOAA dioceses. Offikia from the Patriarchate are universally recognized
(e.g., Protopresbyter of the Ecumenical Throne).
GOAA clergy are not necessarily awarded any offikion; about 2/3 of the clergy
in the Diocese of Denver have never received one; some of these are priests
with 20-30 years of ordained service.
GOAA clergy do not necessarily receive the Offikia in order; i.e., the first
offikion that a priest might receive is that of Oikonomos, or one might be a
Pnevmatikos and then be made an Oikonomos without ever having been a
Sakellarios.
The Offikion of Pnevmatikos implies authority to hear confessions, although
all GOAA clergy by virtue of their seminary training and ordination to the
priesthood may hear confesions and grant absolution. This is the origin of the
rule of thumb among our faithful who come from Greece that a priest can't hear
confessions unless he is authorized to wear and epigonation.
As Fr. McEachen pointed out, it had been customary for clergy who are graduates
of Holy Cross Seminary to "automatically" receive the Offikion of
Protopresbyter of the Ecumenical Throne on their twenty-fifth anniversary of
ordination; this custom seems not to have been followed for the last couple of
years, however.
The type of pectoral cross worn by GOAA clergy generally has no specific
meaning; i.e., they may be simple or ornate. A Sakellarios, for instance,
might purchase a very elegant cross that would be confused as a "Jeweled Cross"
award by our Russian brethren. A GOAA priest might have several crosses,
ranging from plain to fancy, and wear them alternately as the mood strikes him.
Theoretically only Protopresbyters wear their pectoral cross on their cassock,
or a smaller cross with their western-style clergy shirt/coat. In practice,
most clergy once they receive an offikion authorizing a cross (sakellarios up)
will wear it at all services and may very well wear one on their
cassock/western clergy wear.
A custom taught to some seminarians is that a priest does not wear a cross in
cassock/western clergy wear in the presence of a senior clergyman. Instead,
they put the cross in their breast pocket, with only the chain showing.
(Personally I find this silly, if not offensive; I figure if you're gonna wear
a cross, wear it -- if you're not, then put the whole thing away. Otherwise it
looks like one is playing "I've got a secret," or that they are wearing a watch
fob. ---- but this is just my **personal** opinion).
Unmarried (ostensibly monastic) clergy normally only receive two Offikia:
Pnevmatikos and Archimandrite; they do not usually receive the offikia of
Sakellarios or Oikonomos..
With monasteries beginning to appear, their Abbots are given the title of
Igumen. This seems not to be part of the Offikion list, but rather more of an
administrative title, like Chancellor, albeit with certain prerogatives of
authority and seniority.
Seniority is determined first by Offikion (Protopresbyters senior to
Oikonomos', Oikonomos senior to Sakellarios', Sakellarios senior to
Pnevmatikos', Pnevmatikos senior to the "un-offikiated"), and then within the
Offikion group by date of ordiantion. In other words, an Oikonomos ordained
for fifteen years is senior to a Sakellarios ordained for twenty-five years.
However, the hierarch is the first in seniority (obviously) followed by his
Chancellor who as the hierarch's representative is senior in all parishes.
After the Chancellor, the parish pastor (Proistamenos) is senior to all other
clergy in his parish (assigned or visiting), even those senior by Offikion or
ordination date, because he is the direct representative of the hierarch in the
parish.
This latter principle sometimes makes it awkward when a young priest is pastor
in a parish, and an older priest comes to visit. Common sense generally
dicates that the senior priest be asked to serve as celebrant while the young
pastor simply attends the Liturgy in the sanctuary vested in exorasson. It is
also occasionally awkward when Archimandrites visit a parish, for similar
reasons; sometimes the Archimandrite is relatively young, and the pastor is a
venerable married priest of experience. Technically the Proistamenos is
senior, but the Archimandrites are generally given a seniority of honor out of
respect for their monastic calling and Offikion.
Having said all of this, the Greek clergy are far, far less concerned with all
this seniority business than clergy in other jurisdictions seem to be. In
practice, during a large concelebrated celebration, a loose assemblage roughly
according to some sort of general hierarchical order falls into place, even
including some shifting during the Liturgy especially after major "movements"
(e.g., small entrance, great entrance).
The general and basic order for hierarchs is: Patriarch, Metropolitan,
Archbishop, and Bishop. Cyprus and Greece were among the first to transpose
the relative seniority of Archbishops and Metropolitans, designating the head
of their autocephalous Churches as "Archbishop." Greek jurisdictions under the
Ecumenical Patriarchate in the diaspora usually follow a similar pattern,
although others are headed by a single Metropolitan (e.g., Hong Kong, Toronto,
Mexico, Buenos Aires).
Hope this helps to understand the Greek Offikia System. I look forward to
reading additioanl information regarding the Russian/Slavic and AOCANA
practices.
"That by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature" (2 Peter 1:4)
IC | XC
---+---
NI | KA
Those that follow the Russian tradition Protopresbyter is the highest rank
for a married priest. Archpriest is titled Very Rev. after receiving the
palitza and the jeweled cross without the crown on top. Protosyngellos is the
hightest ranking priest for those that follow the Greek tradition, Russians
do not have this title. Also 2-4 crosses may be given to a Mitred
Protopresbyter to further his status. Archimandrites are the highest of the
monastic clergy but they may be given up to 6 jeweled crosses but may only
wear 4.
<snip>
> Hope this helps to understand the Greek Offikia System. I look forward to
> reading additioanl information regarding the Russian/Slavic and AOCANA
> practices.
>
> "That by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature" (2 Peter 1:4)
>
> IC | XC
> ---+---
> NI | KA
>
Father bless!
A very excellent and informative post; I have one small (possibly local)
observation to add. In the Baltimore area, it is customary that when a
church is holding its feast day vespers, that all local Orthodox clergy and
people are invited (and encouraged) to attend. At such a "mixed assemblage"
of clergy from different jurisdictions, the rank is determined (after the
Proistamenos of the local church - or in one case that I observed, after the
chancellor of the diocese of that church) solely by the date of ordination,
regardless of office or title (or "attaboys," as someone called them). I
presume this is to avoid the confusion about which offikion is equivalent to
another of a different tradition.
In XC,
Nick
--
Nick Theodorakis
theo...@gusun.georgetown.edu
(note this address replaces old address of
theo...@medlib.georgetown.edu)
Nadebrennik (item awarded, no specific offikion title) -- equivalent to Greek
Offikion of Pnevmatikos
Purple Skufya (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Purple Kamilavka (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Gold Cross (item awarded, no specific offikion title) -- equivalent to Greek
Offikion of Sakellarios
Archpriest (Archpriest Cross awarded, offikion title of Archpriest bestowed) --
equivalent to Greek Offikion of Oikonomos
Palitza or Epigonation (Palitza awarded to Archpriest, no additional offikion
title)
Jeweled Cross (item awarded, no additional offikion title)
Protopresbyter (no item awarded, offikion title of Protopresbyter bestowed)--
equivalent to Greek Offikion of Protopresbyter
Mitred Protopresbyter (item awarded, no specific offikion title; not used at
present, at least in the OCA)
Archimandrite (Archimandrite Cross awarded, offikion title of Archimandrite
bestowed)-- equivalent to Greek Offikion of Archimandrite
Various additional crosses may be awarded to and Archimandrite and more tahn
one might be worn at a time (up to four)
If so, what about the red skufya and red kamilavka?
What about Deacons?
Are the Offikia/items awarded in order by the OCA, or might a step or two be
"jumped"?
I appreciate the help on this for protocol matters at my end.
Nadebrennik (item awarded, no specific offikion title) -- equivalent to Greek
Offikion of Pnevmatikos
Purple Skufya (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Purple Kamilavka (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Gold Cross (item awarded, no specific offikion title) -- equivalent to Greek
Offikion of Sakellarios
Archpriest (Archpriest Cross awarded, offikion title of Archpriest bestowed)
>--equivalent to Greek Offikion of Oikonomos
Palitza or Epigonation (Palitza awarded to Archpriest, no additional offikion
title)
Jeweled Cross (item awarded, no additional offikion title)
Protopresbyter (no item awarded, offikion title of Protopresbyter bestowed)--
equivalent to Greek Offikion of Protopresbyter
Mitred Protopresbyter (item awarded, no specific offikion title; not used at
present, at least in the OCA)
Archimandrite (Archimandrite Cross awarded, offikion title of Archimandrite
bestowed)-- equivalent to Greek Offikion of Archimandrite
Various additional crosses may be awarded to and Archimandrite and more than
one might be worn at a time (up to four)
If so, what about the red skufya and red kamilavka?>>
Seems to be a very comprehensive and complete list in ascending order. For
monastics, there is also "Igumen" ("Hegumen") below that of Archimandrite, then
the simple Hieromonk (Priestmonk).
Red skufya and red kamilavka are the same as the purple. Just a choice of
color, but officially referred to as "purple," which has various shades from
bluish to reddish.
luhl<<What about Deacons?>>
Deacons may be blessed to wear the "double orarion" after a period of faithful
service, but the "double orarion" is also worn by Protodeacons (married) and
Archdeacons (simply celibate or monastic). Archdeacons also are blessed to
wear the purple kamilavka, while Protodeacons are not.
luhl<<Are the Offikia/items awarded in order by the OCA, or might a step or two
be "jumped"?>>
This is the normal order, but it is possible that a step or two might be
"jumped" or even that two might be conferred ceremonially at the same time,
although the latter is more rarely done.
In the Greek and Antiochian traditions all deacons wear what you call the double
orarion.
Archpriest John W. Morris
Yes, this is not uncommon. Unless otherwise directed, there is a tendency for
each jurisdictional gaggle of priests to sort out their own order and then to
roughly meld together.
Thanks for the input.
Correct. But all priests in the Russian Church are confessors and only in
monasteries a distiction of a priest being the "Confessor" of the Monastery.
In Jordanville out of ten or so priests only 4 may hear confessions.
> Purple Skufya (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Correct.
> Purple Kamilavka (item awarded, no specific offikion title)
Correct.
> Gold Cross (item awarded, no specific offikion title) -- equivalent to Greek
> Offikion of Sakellarios
The gold cross may be given to either married or monastic clergy.
> Archpriest (Archpriest Cross awarded, offikion title of Archpriest bestowed)
-- equivalent to Greek Offikion of Oikonomos
Archpriest is a title given after the gold cross.
> Palitza or Epigonation (Palitza awarded to Archpriest, no additional offikion
> title)
Correct.
> Jeweled Cross (item awarded, no additional offikion title)
To receive the jeweled cross must have the title Archpriest and then Very
Rev. is added.
> Protopresbyter (no item awarded, offikion title of Protopresbyter bestowed)--
> equivalent to Greek Offikion of Protopresbyter
Protopresbyter for the Russians is the highest rank for a married priesty.
He already has been awarded the Palitza and jeweled cross.
> Mitred Protopresbyter (item awarded, no specific offikion title; not used at
> present, at least in the OCA)
In the Russian Church sometimes Rt. Rev. is used but more likly Very Rev. a
second jeweled cross may be given.
> Archimandrite (Archimandrite Cross awarded, offikion title of Archimandrite
> bestowed)-- equivalent to Greek Offikion of Archimandrite
In the Russian tradition all Archimandrites wear the mitre without the cross,
and a jeweled cross up to six may be given only four may be worn at any given
time. All bishops and Archbishops do not have a cross on the mitre, only the
Mteropolitan.
> Various additional crosses may be awarded to and Archimandrite and more tahn
> one might be worn at a time (up to four)
Correct. Also Protopresbyter may be given up to four crosses.
> If so, what about the red skufya and red kamilavka?
>
> What about Deacons?
A simple deacon wears the orarion only on the left shoulder. A Protodeacon
(married) Archdeacon (monastic) may be given the crossed or longer orarion.
This also may be given without the title associated with it. The red
Kamilavka is given as an award also, after the crossed orarion.
> Are the Offikia/items awarded in order by the OCA, or might a step or two be
> "jumped"?
I can't speak for the OCA but our Metropolitan Vitaly sidesteps the red
kamilavka to give the gold cross. I also should say any award higher than
gold cross must be submitted to the Synod of Bishops for approval. Now a
bishop may sidestep this and given the priest or deacon the honor or wearing
an award like the gold cross, red kamilavka or even the jeweled cross, but is
strictly an honor in the bishop's own diocese.
> I appreciate the help on this for protocol matters at my end.
>
> "That by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature" (2 Peter 1:4)
>
> IC | XC
> ---+---
> NI | KA
>
-----------== Posted via Deja News, The Discussion Network ==----------
Happy New Year (kali chronia)
Yiasas
Zoe
></PRE></HTML>
--
To women contemplating marriage: The question you should ask is not
"How much do I love him?" The real question is "How much can I
tolerate him?"
http://www.people.cornell.edu/pages/bjm10/
>
> The guy with the beard and the dress on--he's a clergy of some kind.
> Beyond that, I give up.
No....there's a *little* more you can tell....if he's got the beard, the
dress and some cross thing around his neck, he's some sort of priest, if
not he's...well, not. A deacon or something else.
Janet
Very Reverend Protopresbyter? 25 years yet?
> I intentionally left out "Mitred Archpriest," a rank intermediate between
> Protopresbyter and "simple" Archpriest so as not to confuse the situation
> further. No archpriests are now being "mitred" in the OCA, so when the last
> one dies (if there are any left at this point in time), "Mitred Archpriest" as
> a rank will no longer exist.
One who is left is Fr. Daniel Hubiak, who heads up the OCA representative
church in Moscow. I believe this was somewhat recent (past five or six
years).
Evan