chatnoir wrote;
>...by the way we gave those poison gases
>to Saddam!
Did US companies sell Iraq commerical insecticides, common commerical
chemicals and medical research biological materials which can also
produce vaccines.
Yes we did.
But when to comes to commercial insecticides and common commercial
chemicals we are pretty low on the list for the bad guys.
The big player here which people like you never heard of or mention are
the West Germany companies like Karl Kolb (google it) that *built*,
*equipped* and *supplied* *Seven* Chemical Weapons Plants in Iraq!
>The German Company Karl Kolb that is
>specialized in equipping chemical
>laboratories played a crucial role in
>supplying the defunct regime over the
>past 30 years with toxic chemical
>materials through a middleman who
>helped Dr Amir al-Sa'di.
And actually the Italians built the 1st CW Plant.
Try not believing everything below just use it as a guide to *Factually*
check out their claims.
If you do you might not like the results.
----------------------------------------------
And as far as the US sending "biological materials" to Iraq here's a
good place to start.
"It is inaccurate to state that the ATCC shipments of biological
materials during the 1980s constituted "arming" the Iraqis with "WMDs."
Most of the biological materials in question that are distributed from
these clearinghouses go into legitimate medical research (obviously many
BW agents have their origins in horrific animal diseases that occur in
nature). This is why those strains were dual-use items subject to
Commerce Department jurisdiction, and not military articles subject to
approval by State.
Moreover, the samples were not themselves suitable for use in direct
biological warfare applications; a great deal of additional R&D work
must be done in order create a "weaponized" strain. These samples were
stepping stones to a weapon, in the same way that certain kinds of
fertilizer are stepping stones to a car bomb. This is not the same as
shipping filled warheads full of anthrax from Maryland to Baghdad."
------------------------------------------
The British government also financed a chlorine factory that was
intended to be used for manufacturing mustard gas. Many other countries
contributed as well; since Iraq's nuclear program in the early 1980s was
officially viewed internationally as for energy production, not weapons,
there were no UN prohibitions against it. An Austrian company gave Iraq
calutrons for enriching uranium. The nation also provided heat
exchangers, tanks, condensers, and columns for the Iraqi chemical
weapons infrastructure, which can hardly be said to be for energy.
Singapore gave 4,515 tons of precursors for VX, sarin, tabun, and
mustard gases to Iraq. The Dutch gave 4,261 tons of precursors for
sarin, tabun, mustard, and tear gases to Iraq. Egypt gave 2,400 tons of
tabun and sarin precursors to Iraq and 28,500 tons of weapons designed
for carrying chemical munitions. India gave 2,343 tons of precursors to
VX, tabun, Sarin, and mustard gases. Luxembourg gave Iraq 650 tons of
mustard gas precursors. Spain gave Iraq 57,500 munitions designed for
carrying chemical weapons. In addition, they provided reactors,
condensers, columns and tanks for Iraq's chemical warfare program, 4.4%
of the international sales. China provided 45,000 munitions designed for
chemical warfare. Portugal provided yellowcake between 1980 and 1982.
Niger provided yellowcake in 1981."
[BTW 550 metric tons of Yellowcake Uranium was found in Iraq after the
1st Gulf War.
It was sold to Canada by Iraq a few years ago to process for commercial
use.
The US supplied security and transport]
--------------------------------------------
www.fas.org/nuke/guide/iraq/cw/az120103.html
Iraqi Scientist Reports on German, Other Help for Iraq Chemical Weapons
Program
Al Zaman (London)
December 1, 2003
Article by Dr Khalil Ibrahim Al Isa, a nuclear science researcher, in
Paris: Fresh information on the Iraqi chemical program; Iraqi money and
German brains cooperated in building chemical weapons (FBIS Translated
Text)
Historically, the Germans have been the uncontested masters in the
discovery, production, and development of lethal poison gases used in
warfare, such as mustard gas that is identified by the chemical compound
symbol of C1Ch2-Ch2-S-Ch2-Ch2CI.
This gas was discovered by German scientists and was first used in
1917.
There is also the nerve gas Tabun that was discovered in 1937 by the
German scientist G-Farden.
Later, a similar gaseous chemical compound called the nerve gas Sarin
was discovered.
These two gases are highly effective in totally paralyzing muscle
movement. In other words, the nervous system is totally paralyzed and
this paralysis leads to involuntary bowel movements that ultimately lead
to the death of the victim within minutes.
German scientists also discovered cyanide acid, which is a more complex
chemical compound. It contains the compound Zyklon-B that was used as a
weapon of annihilation in Auschwitz. During the First World War of
1914-1918, the gases used by the Germans led to the death of one million
British and French soldiers. The horrific scenes of the victims drove
world public opinion to impose stringent checks on the conduct of
warfare in the protocol that was issued in 1925. This was the first
international document that banned warring countries from using chemical
and biological weapons, which were considered to be weapons of mass
destruction during wartime. Unfortunately, the protocol did not stop
countries from conducting scientific research and tests in this field.
In 1930, more than 40 countries signed this protocol and Iraq was one of
the signatories. It continued to be in force and by 1989, 165 countries
had signed it. However, the countries of the world continued to violate
the Geneva protocol by developing new and modern methods in the art of
the mass murder and annihilation of humanity. In the middle of the
1930s, the Germans developed more types of toxic gases. The German
scientist Gerharder discovered a new form of nerve gases, such as Soman
and Sarin. He also developed the gas Tabun that paralyzes the muscles of
the air ducts in the lungs resulting in instant death. After the second
Gulf war, the major powers drafted a new treaty that was debated by the
members of the Security Council in 1992 and ratified in 1993 by 162
countries, including the Arab countries of Algeria, Saudi Arabia, and
Bahrain. This treaty prohibited the production, proliferation, and
stockpiling of chemical weapons as the world saw the tragic images of
the victims of the defunct regime over one decade. The treaty also
imposed restrictions and surveillance of the world's commercial trade
transactions in dual-use chemical products with specifications similar
to those cited in the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty. The effects of
the Iraqi-Iranian war (subhead) In the mid-1970s when the Ibn-al-Haytham
Research and Studies Center was established, Iraq began to conduct
research work to test and produce old and new poison gases. Local cadres
and capabilities were devoted to this effort. International support,
especially by the two parts of Germany, was crucial in activating the
Iraqi chemical program.
The first use by the Iraqi army of poisonous compounds appeared on the
battlefield during the battles against Iran, especially during the hotly
contested clashes in Hawr al-Huwazah in 1983. According to the data
available to UNSCOM, there are 15 centers to produce and develop
poisonous gas for military use.
These are located in various regions in Iraq, especially in the areas
of Samarra, Al-Fallujah, Akashat, Bayji, Al-Sharqat, and Salman Bak.
Seven of these big centers have been destroyed and the rest were put
under permanent surveillance.
The defunct regime succeeded in establishing a complex network of
companies, individuals, and countries to help it in importing what it
needed from the international markets.
The regime's efforts focused on importing raw materials, equipment,
factories, and military industrialization technology. In fact, the Iraqi
establishments made a lot of progress in this regard.
They developed the production of toxic compounds, with the exception of
mustard gas, such as the nerve gas Sarin, the nerve gas Tabun, and a
complex material called VX. They also produced the highly toxic liquid
called Toxic B that is highly destructive.
They also produced gases that attack blood cells, such as hydrocyanic
acid; gases that cause suffocation such as Phosgene; gases that force
involuntary vomiting such as Admicit (name of gas as transliterated);
tear gas such as Chloroespotophiton (name of gas as transliterated); and
gases that cause hallucinations such as SD. All these poison gases are
lethal and lead to paralysis. They also have a long-lasting harmful
effect on the environment. They cause color mutations in plants and
crops and are fatal to many types of animals and creatures.
On 20 December 1998, the New York Times reported that the Security
Council and the defunct regime were still in disagreement regarding the
regime's claims that it had unilaterally destroyed its chemical weapons
while the special commission is still seeking evidence to verify this
claim.
The international imports network and the German role between 1982 and
1990 (subhead)
In early 1979, Iraq built the first factory to produce insecticides with
the help of Italian engineers. The factory was built in the region of
Akashat at a cost of $50 million. A security system was also built to
protect the factory that cost another $60 million. The building of this
factory experienced many problems, such as espionage attempts by the
Mosad, the Israeli intelligence service. The western companies that
dealt with the defunct regime -- for instance Australian and Dutch firms
-- exported a lot of materials related to this field of production. For
instance, the Dutch firm KBS sold Iraq large quantities of Thiodilyco
(name as transliterated), a material that is essential in the production
of mustard gas, at a cost of 1.5 million Marks. Multinational Italian
firms also supplied Iraq with 60 tons of Oxycklorure (name as
transliterated), a phosphoric material that is also used in chemical
industries that can be put to dual-use. As for the French companies,
they exported to Iraq large quantities of a gas (not further identified)
that can be used in warfare. This gas was exported across the borders
from Italy and Turkey. This transaction was concluded through the
mediation of the German Company Karl Kolb. A confidential report issued
on 21 August 1990 by Helmut Hossman (name as transliterated), the
Economy Minister of then West Germany, confirmed that the German
companies had the lion's share in these transactions.
The report said that since 1983, West German companies have exported to
Iraq huge quantities of raw materials, equipment, and small industrial
factories to produce poison gases.
The report also said that these companies participated directly in
building the Sa'd Project, the Iraqi chemical project, and the
construction of the military complex in Al-Taji. The role of German
companies in building the Iraqi nuclear program (subhead)
The German Company Karl Kolb that is specialized in equipping chemical
laboratories played a crucial role in supplying the defunct regime over
the past 30 years with toxic chemical materials through a middleman who
helped Dr Amir al-Sa'di.
Al-Sa'di prepared for his doctorate in chemistry in this institution
and married a German woman. He worked in the Iraqi chemical project and
was in charge of coordinating the defunct regime's transactions and
requirements with the management of the Karl Kolb company.
In October 1985, the operations of this company ceased by order of the
German judiciary after it sold Iraq two electronic systems that test
toxic gas inhalation levels. These are used in closed gas chambers where
they measure toxic gas reactions with biological tissues. They also
measure the level of their effect on animals, such as dogs, donkeys, and
mules as well as humans. These gases were tested on prisoners that
opposed the Iraqi regime.
The German engineering company NPI in Frankfurt expressed its regrets
for the conduct of its colleagues in Karl Kolb in providing Iraq with
the necessary technology to build its program to produce poison gases.
These gases were used by the Iraqi regime in its wars against its
neighbors and its own people. The German companies also sold Iraq seven
chemical factories and launchers that could be used as chemical weapons.
The Karl Kolb company, that has been under judicial investigation and
prosecution since October 1985, also built a camp near Baghdad to test
six laboratory units specialized in producing chemical materials to
protect plants from locusts. These were sent to the complex in
Al-Samarra. In the early 1980s, engineers from NVA, an East German
company, built a complex near Baghdad to test chemical, biological, and
nuclear weapons. It was designed like the non-conventional weapons
testing center in East Germany. It is equipped to protect against
radiation. It consists of special buildings that are equipped with
stations to remove traces of toxicity from equipment, personnel, and
military materiel.
In 1984, the German economic monitoring organization gave in to
pressures from German public opinion and dispatched two experts to Iraq
to inspect the two factories in the Samarra complex. After they returned
to their country, they expressed strong suspicions regarding the
magnitude of the security systems guarding chemical factories that
produce insecticides. One of them testified in the lawsuit against Karl
Kolb. He now claims that he was duped at the time by the defunct regime.
The Samarra Factories (subhead)
The factories in the Samarra complex used to produce and stockpile the
three lethal gas compounds of mustard gas, Tabun gas, and cyanide acid.
Each time, the defunct regime claimed that the factories in Samarra was
a complex of scientific research laboratories to produce pharmaceuticals
and insecticides to protect the fluoride in the soil. German scientists
estimate the production capacity of the Samarra complex at thousands of
tons per year. This was also confirmed in the 1984 report published by
the US Central Intelligence Agency. The report said that the factories
in Sammara were producing lethal nerve gases. Later, the US government
provided the German government with evidence related to the activities
of this complex. The evidence was in the form of satellite images that
revealed six-story buildings buried underground. The West German
government rejected the evidence claiming that it did not prove anything
against Iraq. This US insistence really worried the German Karl Kolb
engineers and technicians that worked in the Samarra factories. They
were so worried that Israel might bomb the Samarra complex that they
hastened to build shelters to protect the personnel and the warehouses
were the poison gases were stored. The horrible images of death of the
victims of Iraq's chemical weapons in the town of Halabja in 1988 drove
the West German authorities to take legal action after a lawsuit was
filed against the German companies. The German federal organs to prevent
customs crimes started procedures to identify the German companies that
exported materials and equipment to Iraq that are used in the production
of poison gases.
Incriminating Evidence (subhead)
The investigators gathered incriminating evidence and seized large
quantities of chemical materials and equipment weighing about four tons
while hundreds of witnesses testified. The West German government filed
an official lawsuit in the spring of 1991 and the criminal court charged
seven senior officials in the large German company of providing the
defunct regime with essential components to manufacture chemical weapons
in the Samarra complex and the Al-Fallujah complex. By 1989, Germany's
huge role had turned Iraq into the biggest country in the Middle East
producing gases that can be used in warfare. An Iraqi ambassador
attending the Paris conference on chemical weapons has stated, "Iraq is
now receiving a huge number of persistent requests from Third World
countries that want to buy Iraqi chemical weapons". The last warning
from the US intelligence services to the West German authorities came in
the fall of 1990. Germany was warned about the serious dangers entailed
in the sale of poisonous gases to Iraq by German companies. Germany was
told that the Iraqis were producing the highly toxic cyanide acid in the
German factories. This gas is highly toxic when inhaled. Near the end of
1990, this fact drove the United States and the United Kingdom to review
the protection equipment of their armies since this type of gas can
defeat and destroy gas masks. We can safely say that the two parts of
Germany transferred technologies that go in the manufacture and
development of chemical weapons by the defunct regime. German scientists
and cadres were also highly instrumental on the ground. This was
corroborated in all the reports on the criminal investigations that were
held by the West German law courts. It was also corroborated in the
report published by the Federal Technology Organization in Zurich. The
Swiss committee of experts and scientists published a 50-page report
that accused West Germany of supplying the defunct regime with chemical
plants specialized in the manufacture of mustard gas, Tabun, and cyanide
acid. The defunct regime established two German companies that were part
of a network of hundreds of fictitious companies to conceal Iraq's
purchases and to oversee the exportation of suspect materials to Iraq.
These companies are TDG-SEG-Industrieanlagen, Krefeld, RFA and H + H
Metalform, Drensteinfurt, RFA.
The scandal that enabled the ousted dictatorship Saddam Husayn to
procure means to produce chemical weapons is in fact a scandal that
affects Germany first and foremost. As for the other countries -- such
as the Italians, the Swedes, the French, the Dutch, the Americans, and
others -- they can claim that they were duped by the defunct regime.
However, until the whole truth comes out in the future, everyone should
shoulder the responsibility and blame for the death of 5,000 victims in
Halabjah, the thousands of victims of the Iranian army, and the
thousands of victims in the steadfast Al-Ahwar region. All these were
the victims of the arsenal of death that was built with German brains
and Iraqi money.
The Iraqi people have every right to prepare an indictment sheet against
the German government and its companies for directly assisting the
defunct dictatorial regime in mercilessly killing and annihilating
Iraqis. And this government should compensate the victims of the German
chemical weapons in Iraq.
(Description of Source: London Al-Zaman in Arabic -- London-based
independent Iraqi daily providing coverage of Arab and international
issues, including extensive reporting on Iraqi opposition activities;
has an anti-Iraqi regime orientation, and is headed by the former editor
of the Iraqi daily Al-Jumhuriyah)