Use a gloss black epoxy based paint for the dial. A couple of thin
coats so as not to fill in the markings. It might be prudent to use
chemical stripper first to remove the old paint. Let it dry thoroughly.
After the paint thoroughly dries, then use some white or yellow
silk-screen ink on a rag to fill in the markings. This is kind of like
a thick oil-based paint designed to be laid over other paint. Wipe off
the excess with another rag after a minute or two. If there are smears
left, before it thoroughly dries you can rub it lightly with a paper
towel or rag dipped in mineral spirits.
Another option might be to strip the paint completely to bare metal
(likely brass but could be cast alloy) and then use black silk-screen
ink to fill in the numbers.
Of course the paint job is easier to do if the dial is removed from the
safe, and this avoids the risk of paint getting behind the dial and
gluing it in place. But, unless you really know what you're doing it is
a very bad idea to attempt taking apart such locks.
It might be a good idea to have a safe technician service the locks and
boltwork anyway. They're over 60 years old and probably could use some
attention. A failure in the locked position could be very inconvenient
and costly. A failure in the unlocked position could lead to someone
getting killed.