:alif: se baRee :ye: yaa :ye: se baRaa :alif:?
Sarwar Alam Raz
alup meiN shirkat ke jumla faa.idoN meiN aik yeh bhee hai ke Ravidra
saaheb aise javaaN.fikr.o.javaaN.saal dost mujh jaise umr.raseeda
logoN ko chen se naheeN beThne dete aur aise masaa.il uThaate rehte
haiN jo apnee teHqeeq meiN meHnat aur vaqt ke alaava bedaar.maGhzee
bhee chaahte haiN! maiN un kaa mamnoon hooN ke voh meree umr kaa ruKh
to naheeN palat sakte haiN lekin un kee koshishoN se meiN apne zehnee
zavaal kee raftaar meiN qadre kamee meHsoos kartaa hooN!
chaNd din qabl Ravindra saaheb ne Ghalib ke Havaale se Ghazal meiN
qaafiyoN kee nairaNgiyoN per kuChh savaalaat uThaa.e the aur doosroN
ko jaavaab kaa mukallaf banaa kar Khud Hasb.e.aadat(!) peeChhe hat
gaye the. isee ko to kehte haiN :bhus meiN daal chiNgaaree, Jamalo
door khaRee!:
maiN is mozoo per mazmoon likh hee rahaa thaa ke Ravindra ke Khat ne
meree :zaNjeer hilaa dee:.ab maiN :ooNghte ko Thelte kaa bahaana: ke
misdaaq yeh mazmoon le kar Haazir ho rahaa hooN. ummeed hai ke aap
apne ta.assuraat se aagaah kareNge. is mazmoon ko apnee aur aap kee
aasaanee ke liye ka.ee HissoN meiN taqseem kar rahaa hooN. mazmoon
(Hasb.e.mamool!) taveel hai magar kyaa keejiye ke: :bantee naheeN hai
baada.o.saaGhar kahe baghair:. to ab aap mazmoon se lutf.aNdoz
hoo.iye.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
mozoo.e.beHs:
maiN Ravindra ke savaalaat kaa Khulaasa un ke marqooma ash.aar ke
saath likhtaa hooN taak mazmoon paRhte vaqt muaamle ka har pehloo
saamne rahe aur alup kee varaq.gardaanee kee zaroorat na paRe:
(a) Ghalib ke yeh ash.aar dekhiye:
dehr meiN naqsh.e.vafaa, vajh.e.tasallee na hu.aa
hai yeh voh lafz, ke sharminda.e.ma.nee na hu'aa
dil guzargaah.e.Khayaal.e.mae.o.saaGhar hee sahee
gar nafas jaadah sar.e.manzil.e.taqvaa na hu.aa
main ne chaahaa thaa ke aNdoh.e.vafaa se ChhootooN
voh sitamgar mire marne pe bhee raazee na hu.aa
margayaa sadma.e.yak.juNbish.e.lab se Ghalib
naa.tavaanee se Hareef.e.dam.e.Eesaa na hu.aa
savaal: :tasallee, ma.nee, taqvaa, Eesaa: vaGhaira ham.qaafiya kaise
ho sakte haiN?
(b) phir yeh ash.aar bhee paRhiye:
na hu.ee gar mire marne se tasallee na sahee
imtiHaaN aur bhee baaqee ho to yeh bhee na sahee
nafas.e.Qais k hai chashm.o.charaaGh.e.seHraa
gar naheeN shama.e.siyah.Khaana.e.Lailaa na sahee
ishrat.e.suHbat.e.KhoobaaN hee Ghaneemat samjho
na hu.ee Ghalib agar umr.e tabee.ee na sahee
savaal: yahaaN bhee vohee mas.ala hai k :tasalle, bhee, Lailaa,
tabee.ee: ko ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa hai jab k Lailaa kaa talaffuz Lailaa
hee hai Lailee naheeN!
(c) aur Ghalib yooN bhee kehte haiN:
ishq taaseer se nomeed naheeN
jaaN supaaree shajar.e.bed naheeN
raaz.e.ma.shooq na rusvaa ho jaa.e
varna marjaane meiN kuChh bhed naheeN
kehte haiN, jeete haiN ummeed pe log
ham ko jeene kee bhee ummeed naheeN
savaal: :nomeed, ummeed/bed, bhed: ke darmiyaan talaffuz meiN saaf
Khat.e.faasil hai, phir in muKhtalif talaffuz vaale alfaaz ko
ham.qaafiya kaise qaraar diyaa gayaa hai?
(d) chalte chalte yeh bhee sun leejiye:
kehte to ho tum sab k :but.e.Ghaaliya.moo: aa.e
yak martaba ghabraa ke kaho ko.ee ke :doo aa.e:
hooN kashmakash.e.naza meiN, haaN, jazb.e.muHabbat
kuChh keh na sakoon, par voh mire pooChhne ko aa.e
us anjuman.e.naaz kee kyaa baat hai Ghalib
ham bhee gayee vaaN or tiree taqdeer ko ro aa.e
savaal: :moo aur ro: vaGhaira ko ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa gayaa hai
HaalaaNk unkaa talaffuz bilkul muKhtalif hai.
yeh mas.ala nehaayat dilchasp hai. Ravindra saaheb pooChhte haiN ke
qavaafee ke intiKhaab aur qayaam meiN hijje kee ziyaada ehmiyat hai
yaa talaffuz kee? is mushkil kaa Hal dekhiye mere javaab se bantaa hai
k naheeN!
(A) yaa.e.majhool (baRee :ye:) aur yaa.e.ma.roof (Chhotee :ye:):
hamaare yahaaN do taraH kee :ye: mustamil haiN: majhool (baRee) aur
ma.roof (Chhotee). un ke farq se sabhee vaaqif haiN. qadeem faarsee
meiN bhee donoN :ye: istaimaal hotee theeN, albatta :jaded: faarsee
meiN yaa.e.majhool ko saaqit kar diyaa gayaa hai aur sirf
yaa.e.ma.roof istaimaal hotee hai. Ghalib ke ooper ke ash.aar meiN
Momin ke yeh do ash.aar milaa leejiye aur phir Ghor keejiye:
voh gardooN dekh yeh Haalat hu.ee taGh.eer, sheeshe kee
k thamtee hee naheeN hichkee, hu.ee hai der, sheeshe kee
muHabbat fazaa.e.dil.e.reesh.reesh
karam.gustar.e.Momin.e.mehr.kesh
talaash karne se doosre asaateza ke yahaaN bhee aisee misaaleN
mileNgee jahaaN aik hee Ghazal meiN qavaafee yaa.e.majhool aur
yaa.e.ma.roof donoN se mushakkal hoN, jaise yahaaN :taGh.eer, ummeed,
reessh: yaa.e.ma.roof se aur :der, bhed, kesh: yaa.e.majhool se
mushakkal haiN. asaateza :ye: kee zaahir tafreeq malHooz naheeN rakhte
haiN aur in se mushakkas alfaaz ko ba.tor qavaafee baaNdhte haiN. yeh
usool kaheeN likhaa hu.aa naheeN hai, bal.k sirf asaateza ke istaimaal
se saabit aur qaa.im hai.
is baat se mas.ale kaa aik pehloo to samajh meiN aa jaataa hai lekin
yeh savaal ab bhee javaab.talab reh jaataa hai ke :Lailaa, taqvaa,
Eesaa: ko :tasalle, tabee'ee: kaa ham.qaafiya kyoN tasavvur kiyaa jaa
rahaa hai? yahaaN per aik doosraa usool kaar.farmaa nazar aataa hai
aur yeh bhee sirf asaateza ke istaimaal se saabit.o.qaaim hai! Ya.ne
yeh k voh Arabee alfaaz jin kee :ye: per :khaRaa alif: lagaa hotaa hai
(Lailaa, aqsaa, Eesaa) aur jo Urdu mein isee shakl meiN likhe jaate
haiN yaa.e.ma.roof vaale qaafiyoN ke saath baaNdhaa jaa sakte haiN.
yahaaN yeh vazaaHat zarooroo ma.loom hotee hai k lafz :ma.nee: dar.asl
:ma.naa: hai ya.nee :ye: per is meiN :khaRaa alif: lagaa hu.aa hai,
chunaanche yeh ma.naa aur ma.nee donoN taraH se paRhaa jaa saktaa hai,
garche Urdu meiN is ko ma.nee hee ziyaada likhte haiN.
(B) vav.e.majhool (maslan: zor) aur vav.e.ma.roof (maslan: manzoor):
ooper (d) ke teHt Ghalib ke ash.aar ke saath yeh aur milaa leejiye:
galyoN meiN ab talak bhee mazkoor hai hamaaraa
afsaana.e.muHabbat mash.hoor hai hamaaraa
maqsood ko to dekheN kab tak pohaNchte haiN ham
bil.fel ab iraada taa gor hai hamaaraa (Mir)
nazar aate naheeN be.parda Haqaa.eq unko
aaNkh jin kee hu.ee meHkoomee.o.taqleed se kor
zinda kar saktee hai Iran.o.Arab ko kyoNkar
yeh faraNgee madaniyyat k jo hai Khud lab.e.gor (Iqbal)
teree paa.bosee se apnee Khaak bhee maayoos hai
naqsh.e.paa per naqsh.e.paa, zaalim, kaf.e.afsos hai (Momin)
dekhiye Mir ne :mazkoor aur gor: ko aur Iqbal ne :kor aur gor: ko
ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa hai aur :gor: kaa talaffuz donoN ke yahaaN
muKhtalif hai (Mir ke sher meiN vav.e.maroof se aur Iqbal ke sher meiN
vav.e.majhool se hai!), jab.k Momin :maayoos: (vav.e.ma.roof) aur
:afsos: (vav.e.majhool) ko ham.qaafiya baaNdhte haiN. yehee soorat
Ghalib ke ash.aar meiN bhee vaazeH hai. yahaaN bhee yeh usool
kaar.farmaa hai ke asaateza vav.e.majhool.o.ma.roof meiN imtiaaz
naheeN rakhte haiN.
yeh usool sirf :ye: aur :vav: ke saath hee maKhsoos hai kyoNke kisee
aur Harf kee majhool aur ma.roof soorateN naheeN hotee haiN.
(C) khaama aNgusht ba.daNdaaN hai ise kyaa likhye?
agar muaa.mala yaheeN per Khatm ho jaataa to Ghaneemat hotaa, lekin
isko kyaa keejiye ke asaateza kaa mutaal.ia doosree dilchasp sooratoN
se bhee parde uThaataa hai! aam qaaree ko to yeh shaayad nazar bhee
naheeN aatee haiN aur voh Ghair.iraadee tor per unko tasleem kar ke
aage baRh jaataa hai, lekin yeh soorateN aik saNjeeda qaaree ke liye
apne daaman meiN bohat saamaan.e.fikr rakhtee haiN. maiN is pahelee
kee vazaaHat meiN chaNd misaaleN pesh kartaa hooN:
(1) jo mere buKhaar kaa sabab hai, na kaho
yeh baat jigar.soz.e.Ghazab hai, na kaho
maloom naheeN tum ko tabeebo eHvaal
jaltaa hooN yeh kehne se k tap hai, na kaho (Momin)
is rubaaee meiN :tap: ko :sabab: aur :Ghazab: kaa ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa
gayaa hai, jab k :be: aur :pe: kee aavaaz ke farq se sab log hee
vaaqif haiN. zaahir hai ke Momin se yeh baat maKhfee naheeN thee, to
phir is soorat.e.Haal kee tashreeH kyoNkar mumkin hai?
(2) janaaza uThaayaa farishtoN ne aah
to :qad faazaa fozan azeeman(i) kahaa (Momin)(i)Quran kee ayah
is sher meiN :aah: aur :kahaa: ko qaafiye kee Haisiyat se baaNdhaa
gayaa hai jo kisee soorat se qaabil.e.qubool maloom naheeN hotaa hai.
(3) miTTee le le gaye voh haathoN meiN
kaam ne shakl pakRee baatoN meiN (Mir).
yahaaN :haathoN: aur :baatoN: ko ham.qaafiya likhaa gayaa hai, jab k
donoN kaa talaffuz muKhtalif hai.
(4) laa.deeN ho to hai. Zehr.e.halaahal se bhee baRh kar
ho deeN kee Hifaazat meiN to her zehr hai tiryaak (Iqbal)
kal saahil.e.daryaa pe kahaa mujh se Khizar ne
too DhoonD rahaa hai sam.e.afraNg kaa tiryaaq
savaal yeh hai ke lafz :tiryaak: hai yaa :tiryaaq:? Aur agar aik
saHeeH hai to Iqbal ne doosraa kyoN istaimaal kiyaa?
(5) Hareef.e.nukta.e.toHeed ho sakaa na Hakeem
Nigaah chaahiye asraar.e.laa.ilah ke liye
KhadaNg.e.seena.e.gardooN hai uskaa fikr.e.bulaNd
kamaNd uskaa takhaiyyul hai mehr.o.meh ke liye
agarche paak hai teenat meiN raahabee uskee
taras rahee hai magar lazzat.e.gunah ke liye (Iqbal)
dekhiye :laa.ilaah: meiN taKhfeef karke use :laa.ilah: banaa diyaa
gayaa hai taa k voh :meh: aur :gunah: kaa ham.qaafiya ho sake. Aisaa
kis usool ke teHt kiyaa gayaa hai?
(6) vaaN pe Tapkaa to yaaN sarak beThaa
yaaN jo bheegaa to vaan tanak beThaa (Mir)
avaamee bol.chaal meiN :tanik: ke manee :zaraa yaa thoRaa: ke haiN.
Mir aik aur sher meiN kehte haiN:
jee to aise kaee sadqe kiye tujh per lekin
Hef yeh hai ke tanik bhee too pasehmaaN na huaa!
Mir ne apne sher meiN :tanak: istaimaal kiyaa hai. Aisaa aaKhir kyoN
hai?
(D) TashreeH.e.Imsaal:
ooper (C) ke teHt jo misaaleN dee gayee haiN unkee mumkinah tashreeH
darj.e.zail hai. Ummeed hai ke inse mazkoora soorat.e.Haal kaa javaaz
nikal aayegaa.
(i) bohat se alfaaz aise hote haiN jin kee teHreeree shakl muKhtalif
hotee hai lekin un kee aavaaz se hijje ke mutaalliq koee ishaara
naheeN miltaa hai; maslan :zaat aur inHitaat:, :raaz, shaaz aur
nabbaaz: vaGhairah. chooN.k zubaan se adaa karne meiN :raat: aur
:saath: kaa iKhtilaaf numaayaaN mushkil se hotaa hai is liye unko bhee
ooper likhe alfaaz kee fehrist meiN shaamil kiyaa jaa saktaa hai.
Taqreeban yehee Haal :tap: aur :Ghazab: kaa hai kyoN.k :be: aur :pe:
kee aavaazeN qareeb qareeb aik see hee haiN (Haal.aaN.k yahaaN kuChh
:kheeNch.taan: kee zaroorat meHsoos hotee hai!)
is qism ke alfaaz jab qavaafee ke tor per istaimaal hote haiN to
:sotee qavaafee: kehlaate haiN. is taraH (1) aur (3) ke zail diye hue
ash.aar me qavaafee ke istaimaal kaa javaaz nikal aataa hai.
(ii) Momin ke sher (2) ke pehle misre meiN :aah: kee :hey: saakin hai
aur is liye taqtee meiN naheeN lee jaaegee. Goyaa :aah: kaa vazan :aa:
ke musaavee mutasavvur hogaa, chunaanche isko :kahaa: kaa ham.qaafiya
baaNdhaa jaa saktaa hai.
(iii) Iqbal kee (4) aur (5) kee donoN misaaleN :zaroorat.e.sheree: ke
teHt aatee haiN. chon.k doosre qavaafee kaa taqaaza yehee hai is liye
aik jagah :tiryaak: aur doosree jagah :tiryaaq: likhaa gayaa hai jab.k
saHeeH lafz :tiryaaq: hai. Isee taraH kuChh alfaaz jo umooman lambe
alif ke saath likhe jaate haiN, ba.vaqt.e.zaroorat :alif: ko Hazaf kar
ke likhe jaa sakte haiN, maslan :gunaah se gujah; raah se reh; gaah se
geh: Mir ne isee qaaide ke mutaabiq :ilaah: ko :ilah: likhaa hai jo
bilkul qaabil.e.qubool aur faseeH hai. Mir kaa :tanik: kee bajaae
:tanak: kaa istaimaal bhee :zaroorat.e.sheree: kee tareef meieN aataa
hai.
(E) ab jigar thaam ke beTho miree baaree aaee!
maiN ne jab is mazmoon per teHqeeq kee to Kulliat.e.Jigar ko bhee
dekhaa. piChhlee nasal ke Ghazal.go shoraa meiN se ahl.e.Urdu ne Jigar
Muradabadi, Asghar Gondvi, Hasrat Mohani aur Fani Badayuni ke saroN pe
azmat kaa taaj rakhaa hai. Jigar ne apnee GhazaloN meiN jaa.ba.jaa
jiddat aur upaj dikhaaee hai. baRee aChhee baat yeh hai k aise
muqaamaat per jahaaN unhoN ne raah.e.aam se hat kar apnee raah
nikaalee hai Jigar ne tashreeHee Havaashee likh diye haiN yaa
kam.az.kam apna moqif zaahir kar diyaa hai. main zail meiN aisee chand
misaaleN likh rahaa hooN. Chand muqaamaat to aise haiN ke doosre
shoraa shaayad naheeN bal.k yaqeenan un kee :jiddat: per Hairat
kareNge. main ne Jigar ke :notes ashaaar ke bad (--) meiN de diye
haiN:
(1) haa.e GhammaaziyaaN nigaahoN kee
apnee be.dast.o.paaiyaaN tobah!
(:be.dast.o.paa: jis mafhoom meiN mustamil hai us etibaar per main ne
use aik lafz se tabeer kiyaa hai aur is binaa per jama banaa lenaa
Ghalat naheeN samajhtaa hooN.)
(2) naveed.e.baKhshish.e.isyaaN se sharmsaar na kar
gunaah.gaar ko yaa.rab gunaah.gaar na kar
bahaar apnee jagah per sadaa bahaar rahe
yeh chaahtaa hai to :tajrubba.e.bahaar: na kar
(is lafz yanee :tajruba: ko yaqeenan mushaddad tareeqe per kehnaa
durust naeeN hai, lekin meHz is tekneekee Ghalatee kee Khaatir apne
lateef sher ko zaa.e naheeN kar saktaa.)
(3) aap dekheN to sahee rabt.e.muHabbat kyaa hai
apnaa afsaana milaa kar mire afsaane meiN
(sataHee nazar se agar dekhaa jaae to redeef :meiN: saHeeH na hogee
bal.k uskee jagah :se: durust hai, lekin main is meHl.e.Khaas per
radeef :meiN: hee munaasib samajhtaa hooN.)
(4) teraa deevaana.e.Ghareeb :Jigar:
faKhr.e.Hindostaan hai pyaare!
(main e.laan.e.noon ko jaa.iz samajhtaa hooN.). is mas.ale per alup
mein beHs ho chukee hai. Rajiv :NaadaaN: saaheb agar yeh mazmoon paRh
rahe haiN to apnee Ghazal ko dekh sakte haiN aur chaaheN to us meiN
tarmeem bhee kar sakte haiN!
(5) rag rag mein aaj doR gayee moj.e.sarKhushee
qurbaan teree laGhzish.e.mastaana.vaar ke
(mere nazdeek saHeeH hai). Jigar :laGhzish.e.mastaana.vaar: kee jaanib
ishaara kar rahe haiN, jab.k :laGhzish.e.mastaana: saHeeH hai.
(F) harf.e.aaKhir:
ooper kee mufassil beHs se chand nataa.ij nikaale jaa sakte haiN:
(1) saaree misaaleN asaateza ke kalaam se lee gayee haiN. Kisee aur
ustaad.e.fun ne in ko tanqeed.o.tanqeeH kaa nishaana naheeN banaayaa
hai, jis se saabit hotaa hai k mazkoora tarz.e.kalaam faseeH aur
qaabil.e.qubool hai.
(2) dar.asl mazkoora tarz.e.fikr ko :shaa.iraana ijtihaad: kahaa jaa
saktaa hai. Her maidaan meiN chand log aise hote haiN jo apne fun meiN
is darja kamaal Haasill kar lete haiN k un ko is fun meiN ijtihaadaat
karne kaa iKhtiyaar aur Haq Haasil ho jaataa hai aur yeh
ijtihaad.e.fikr.o.amal us fun meiN nayee raaheN nikaalne kaa zaria ban
saktaa hai.
(3) ko.ee aisa pemaana mojood naheeN hai jis meiN tol kar kisee shaKhs
ke baare meiN yeh faisla kiyaa jaa sake ke voh ijtihaad karne kaa
mustaHiq ho chukaa hai. Goyaa aik adeeb yaa shaa.ir kee zindigee meiN
aik aisaa lamHa aataa hai jab doosre asaateza us kee ustaadee ke
qaa.il ho jaate haiN aur use ijtihaad kaa Haq taqreeban Ghair.meHsoos
tareeqe se mil jaataa hai.
(4) kyaa ham aise ijtihaadaat kee fikree aur amalee taqleed kar sakte
haiN? Yaqeenan!! Sanad ke saath hamaaraa aisaa karnaa qata.ee
qaabil.e.qubool hai.
NOTE: main ne Hatt.ul.imkaan is mazmoon meiN mozoo ke muKhtalif
pehlu.oN kaa aHaata karne kee koshish kee hai. Agar kaheeN kotaahee ho
gayee hai yaa Ghalatee reh gayee hai to us kee nishaan.dehee kar ke
mamnoon farmaa.iye. shukriya!
Sarwar Raz 'Sarwar'
Zafar
waah jee waah, ba-Khudaa tehqeeq kaa haq adaa kar diyaa hai aap ne.
aap ne jis andaaz se is mushkil guthee ke muKhtalif pehloo'oN par
raushnee Daalee hai, wo qaabil e daad aur qaabil e deed hai. sach
poochhiye to tehqeeq kaa haq adaa ho gayaa.
meraa shukriya aur mubaarak baad qubool kijiye.
Regards,
Zafar
Tejjit Singh Kalsi
> yaaraan.e.alup: tasleemaat
Janaab Sarwar Saahib,
is daanishmandaana wa 'ilm-afzaa mazmoon ke liye mubaarakbaad qubool keejiye!
Regards,
T. S. Kalsi
Sarwar Alam Raz
Kalsi Saaheb sat Sri Akal!
aap kee muHabbat aur tareef kaa shukriya. agar aap log himmat.afzaa'ee
na kareN to jaane kitne kaam na hoN! mujh ko is qism kee teHqeeq meiN
mazaa aataa hai aur is se Khud meree ma'loomaat baRhtee hai. agar
meree koshish se kisee aur ko ko'ee faa'ida pohaNch jaa'e to yeh meree
Khush.qismatee hee hu'ee!
aap ke naam is teHreer ke zari'e Zafar saaheb kaa bhee shukriya adaa
karnaa chaahta hooN aur un sab ahl.e.alup kaa jinhoN ne meraa mazmoon
paRhaa to hai lekin apnee goo.nagooN masroofiyaat ke baa'is is per
tabsara naheeN kar sake haiN.
yaar zinda, suHbat baaqee!
Sarwar Raz "Sarwar"
UVR
>
> yaaraan.e.alup: tasleemaat
Sarwar Sahib, aadaab.
meri mubaarakbaad qubool farmaayeN. yaqeenan mujhe Khud
ma'aloom na thaa k is mas`ale ke itne ruKh bhi ho sakte
haiN. tamaam sawaalat ke sabhi pehluoN ke tafseel se
jawaab dene kaa bahut bahut shukriya!
rahi :bhuus meiN: chingaari Daalne waali baat to aaj kal
yahaaN kuchh zyaadah hi sardi paR rahi hai; haath seNkne
ki saKht zaroorat hai. aur mera ishaara sirf mausim ke
sard hone ki taraf hi nahiN...
fqt,
UVR.
Irfan 'Abid'
> yaaraan.e.alup: tasleemaat
>
> maiN is mozoo per mazmoon likh hee rahaa thaa ke Ravindra ke Khat ne
> meree :zaNjeer hilaa dee:.ab maiN :ooNghte ko Thelte kaa bahaana: ke
> misdaaq yeh mazmoon le kar Haazir ho rahaa hooN. ummeed hai ke aap
> apne ta.assuraat se aagaah kareNge. is mazmoon ko apnee aur aap kee
> aasaanee ke liye ka.ee HissoN meiN taqseem kar rahaa hooN. mazmoon
> (Hasb.e.mamool!) taveel hai magar kyaa keejiye ke: :bantee naheeN hai
> baada.o.saaGhar kahe baghair:. to ab aap mazmoon se lutf.aNdoz
> hoo.iye.
>
Sarwar Sb, aadaab!
bhaai, vaah! subhaan-Allah! aap ne aisaa ilm-afzaa aur maaluumaatii
mazmuun likhaa hai ki taareef ke liye alfaaz nahiiN haiN mere paas.
main apne taiiN agar koshish kartaa to barsoN meN bhii itnaa mavaad
ikaTThaa karnaa mushkil thaa. bahut bahut shukriya!
aap kii ijaazat se chand muqaamaat par apne haqiir ilm kii madad se
kuchh nikaat pesh karne kii jasaarat kar rahaa huuN. ummiid hai in se
zer-e-bahas masaail kii maziid vazaahat ho sakegii aur qaaraiin
istifaadah kar sakeNge.
>
> (B) vav.e.majhool (maslan: zor) aur vav.e.ma.roof (maslan: manzoor):
>
> ooper (d) ke teHt Ghalib ke ash.aar ke saath yeh aur milaa leejiye:
>
> galyoN meiN ab talak bhee mazkoor hai hamaaraa
> afsaana.e.muHabbat mash.hoor hai hamaaraa
> maqsood ko to dekheN kab tak pohaNchte haiN ham
> bil.fel ab iraada taa gor hai hamaaraa (Mir)
>
> nazar aate naheeN be.parda Haqaa.eq unko
> aaNkh jin kee hu.ee meHkoomee.o.taqleed se kor
> zinda kar saktee hai Iran.o.Arab ko kyoNkar
> yeh faraNgee madaniyyat k jo hai Khud lab.e.gor (Iqbal)
>
> teree paa.bosee se apnee Khaak bhee maayoos hai
> naqsh.e.paa per naqsh.e.paa, zaalim, kaf.e.afsos hai (Momin)
>
> dekhiye Mir ne :mazkoor aur gor: ko aur Iqbal ne :kor aur gor: ko
> ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa hai aur :gor: kaa talaffuz donoN ke yahaaN
> muKhtalif hai (Mir ke sher meiN vav.e.maroof se aur Iqbal ke sher meiN
> vav.e.majhool se hai!), jab.k Momin :maayoos: (vav.e.ma.roof) aur
> :afsos: (vav.e.majhool) ko ham.qaafiya baaNdhte haiN. yehee soorat
> Ghalib ke ash.aar meiN bhee vaazeH hai. yahaaN bhee yeh usool
> kaar.farmaa hai ke asaateza vav.e.majhool.o.ma.roof meiN imtiaaz
> naheeN rakhte haiN.
>
> yeh usool sirf :ye: aur :vav: ke saath hee maKhsoos hai kyoNke kisee
> aur Harf kee majhool aur ma.roof soorateN naheeN hotee haiN.
>
un alfaaz ke talaffuz kaa masalaa hal karne ke liye, jin meN :ye: yaa
:vaao: ke haruuf hoN, :harakaat: (:zer:, :zabar: aur :pesh:) kaa ilm
zaruurii hai. haal hii meN maiN ne ek aise workshop meN shirkat kii
jis kaa mauzuua thaa :quraan kii sahiih tilaavat:. ye workshop ek
Arabi Sheikh Saahib ne conduct kiyaa thaa jo Urdu alfaaz ke talaffuz
se bhii vaaqfiyat rakhte the. is workshop se jo ek baat saaf taur par
zaahir huii vo ye thii ki ham log (yaanii Indians aur Pakistani) Arabi
ke bahut se alfaaz kaa talaffuz aise andaaz meN karte haiN jo Arabi
meN mafquud hai. ye muddaa mundarjah-zail misaal se aur saaf ho
jaayegaa.
ek aise lafz kaa tasavvur kiijiye jis ke hijje haiN :kaaf:, :vaao: aur
:laam:. ye bhii tasavvur kar liijiye ki :vaao: aur :laam: donoN
:saakin: haiN. ab agar :kaaf: par :zabar: hai to talaffuz hogaa :kaul:
(India kaa ek mash_huur surname). agar :kaaf: par :pesh: hai to
talaffuz hogaa :cuul: (America vaalaa :cool:). yahaaN :kaaf: ke neeche
:zer: kii gunjaaish nahiiN. lekin qaabil-e-Ghaur baat ye hai ki is
lafz kaa ek aur talaffuz mumkin hai, jo mazkuurah suuratoN ke
darmiyaan kaa hai, yaanii :kol: (Angrezii kaa :coal: yaa koylaa). is
aaKhirii talaffuz kaa vajuud Urdu meN ho saktaa hai kyoNki Urdu meN
aisii zabaanoN ke alfaaz haiN jin meN :zabar: aur :pesh: ke beech kii
aavaaz kaa guzar hai, lekin Arabi meN is talaffuz kii gunjaaish
nahiiN. Arabi log aise alfaaz ko :zabar: yaa :zer: ke saath hii
paRheNge aur zaahir hai unkaa talaffuz judaa hogaa.
mujhe Farsi kaa ziyaadah ilm nahiiN, lekin Sarwar Sb ke mazmuun se
maaluum huaa ki qadeem Farsi meN :darmiyaanii: talaffuz kaa rivaaj
thaa. jahaaN tak mujhe ilm hai, aaj kii Farsi meN unhiiN :harakaat:
kaa istemaal hotaa hai, jin kaa Arabi meN. lihaazah Farsi bolne vaaloN
kaa Hindi yaa Angrezi alfaaz kaa talaffuz hamaare talaffuz se
muKhtalif ho saktaa hai (In fact, I have noticed it in the
conversation with some of my Iranian friends).
in nikaat kii raushnii meN mundarjah-baalaa ashaar ke qavaafii ke
intiKhaab kaa Khulaasah is tarah kiyaa jaa saktaa hai.
:Mir: kii misaal meN :mazkuur: aur :mash_huur: Arabi alfaaz haiN
lihaazah :gor:, jo Farsi lafz hai aur :darmiyaanii: talaffuz se raaij
hai, ko :gaaf: par :pesh: lagaa kar istemaal kiyaa gayaa hai. :Iqbal:
ke ashaar meN :kor: aur :gor: donoN Farsi ke alfaaz haiN aur donoN kaa
talaffuz :darmiyaanii: hai, lihaazah yahaaN koii mushkil nahiiN.
:Momin: ke sher meN :maayuus: Arabi lafz hai aur :afsos: Farsi kaa
:darmiyaanii: talaffuz vaalaa lafz. lihaazah yahaaN bhii :vaao: par
pesh lagaa kar ba-shakl :afsuus: istemaal kiyaa gayaa hai.
> (C) khaama aNgusht ba.daNdaaN hai ise kyaa likhye?
>
> agar muaa.mala yaheeN per Khatm ho jaataa to Ghaneemat hotaa, lekin
> isko kyaa keejiye ke asaateza kaa mutaal.ia doosree dilchasp sooratoN
> se bhee parde uThaataa hai! aam qaaree ko to yeh shaayad nazar bhee
> naheeN aatee haiN aur voh Ghair.iraadee tor per unko tasleem kar ke
> aage baRh jaataa hai, lekin yeh soorateN aik saNjeeda qaaree ke liye
> apne daaman meiN bohat saamaan.e.fikr rakhtee haiN. maiN is pahelee
> kee vazaaHat meiN chaNd misaaleN pesh kartaa hooN:
>
> (1) jo mere buKhaar kaa sabab hai, na kaho
> yeh baat jigar.soz.e.Ghazab hai, na kaho
> maloom naheeN tum ko tabeebo eHvaal
> jaltaa hooN yeh kehne se k tap hai, na kaho (Momin)
>
> is rubaaee meiN :tap: ko :sabab: aur :Ghazab: kaa ham.qaafiya baaNdhaa
> gayaa hai, jab k :be: aur :pe: kee aavaaz ke farq se sab log hee
> vaaqif haiN. zaahir hai ke Momin se yeh baat maKhfee naheeN thee, to
> phir is soorat.e.Haal kee tashreeH kyoNkar mumkin hai?
>
> (2) janaaza uThaayaa farishtoN ne aah
> to :qad faazaa fozan azeeman(i) kahaa (Momin)(i)Quran kee ayah
>
> is sher meiN :aah: aur :kahaa: ko qaafiye kee Haisiyat se baaNdhaa
> gayaa hai jo kisee soorat se qaabil.e.qubool maloom naheeN hotaa hai.
>
>
>
> (D) TashreeH.e.Imsaal:
>
> ooper (C) ke teHt jo misaaleN dee gayee haiN unkee mumkinah tashreeH
> darj.e.zail hai. Ummeed hai ke inse mazkoora soorat.e.Haal kaa javaaz
> nikal aayegaa.
>
> (i) bohat se alfaaz aise hote haiN jin kee teHreeree shakl muKhtalif
> hotee hai lekin un kee aavaaz se hijje ke mutaalliq koee ishaara
> naheeN miltaa hai; maslan :zaat aur inHitaat:, :raaz, shaaz aur
> nabbaaz: vaGhairah. chooN.k zubaan se adaa karne meiN :raat: aur
> :saath: kaa iKhtilaaf numaayaaN mushkil se hotaa hai is liye unko bhee
> ooper likhe alfaaz kee fehrist meiN shaamil kiyaa jaa saktaa hai.
> Taqreeban yehee Haal :tap: aur :Ghazab: kaa hai kyoN.k :be: aur :pe:
> kee aavaazeN qareeb qareeb aik see hee haiN (Haal.aaN.k yahaaN kuChh
> :kheeNch.taan: kee zaroorat meHsoos hotee hai!)
>
Arabi meN ek baat ye bhii qaabil-e-Ghaur hai ki is meN Urdu kii tarah
:pe: kaa harf hotaa hii nahiiN. lihaazah Arabi log :pe: ko :be:
tasavvur kar ke pRhte haiN (which, as Sarwar Sb has pointed out, is
very close to :pe: in sound). yahaaN :tap: ke ilaavah, jo ki Farsi kaa
lafz hai, baaqii saare qavaafii Arabi alfaaz haiN. zaahir hai ki
bechaare :tap: ko aksariyat ke aage ghuTne Tekne paRe.
> is qism ke alfaaz jab qavaafee ke tor per istaimaal hote haiN to
> :sotee qavaafee: kehlaate haiN. is taraH (1) aur (3) ke zail diye hue
> ash.aar me qavaafee ke istaimaal kaa javaaz nikal aataa hai.
>
> (ii) Momin ke sher (2) ke pehle misre meiN :aah: kee :hey: saakin hai
> aur is liye taqtee meiN naheeN lee jaaegee. Goyaa :aah: kaa vazan :aa:
> ke musaavee mutasavvur hogaa, chunaanche isko :kahaa: kaa ham.qaafiya
> baaNdhaa jaa saktaa hai.
>
yahaaN qaaraiin kii ittilaa ke liye arz hai ki :Momin: ne :aah: kii
:saakin he: giraane kii aazaadii lenaa shaayad is liye bajaa samjhaa
ki :aah: misre kaa aaKhirii lafz hai, varnaa usuulan :aah: kii :he:
giraayii nahiiN jaa saktii. dar-asl kisii aur suurat meN aisaa karnaa
misre ko Khaarij-az-bahr kar saktaa hai. misaal ke taur par ye misraa
dekhiye: aah ko chaahiye ik umr asar hone tak.
kisii lafz ke aam talaffuz ko baalaa-e-taaq rakh kar use apnii marzii
(yaa zaruurat-e-sherii) ke hisaab se kheNch kar paRhne yaa likhne kii
misaaleN asaatizah ke kalaam meN kasrat se miltii haiN. :Dard: kaa ye
sher dekhiye:
:Dard: kuchh maaluum hai ye log sab
kis taraf se aaye the :keedhar: chale
yahaaN lafz-e-:keedhar: par Ghaur kiijiye jis kii aam suurat hai
:kidhar:. :Haali: ne bhii apnii Ghazal :kashtii kisii kii paar ho yaa
darmiyaaN rahe: meN ek sher meN lafz-e-:mahmaaN: ko :mehmaaN: (with
emphasis on :e:) baaNdhaa hai. sher is vaqt yaad nahiiN aa rahaa.
Gharaz ye ki haalaaNki asaatizah ke kalaam meN Ghair-maamuulii
bandishoN kii kuchh na kuchh usuulii buniyaad zaruur hotii hai,
vaaqiyah yahii hai ki aise ziyaadahtar muqaamaat par un kii apnii
marzii aur pasand hii kaar-farmaa rahii hai. is bahs se merii naachiiz
raae meN jo natiijaa nikaltaa hai vo ye hai ki shaair zabaan ke
istemaal aur Khayaal ke izhaar meN tajrubaat kaa haq rakhtaa hai, haaN
ye tajrubaat ek had ke andar hone chaahiye. ye had kyaa ho aur kahaaN
ho, is kaa faislaa mushkil hii nahiiN, naamumkin hai, lihaazah ye bhii
shaair par hii munhasir hai. ye :had: qaabil-e-qubuul hai yaa nahiiN,
is kaa andaazah shaair ko apnii shaairii kii maqbuuliyat se ho jaataa
hai. vaise yahaaN ye bhii arz kartaa chaluuN ki shuruuaatii daur meN
aise :tajrubaat: se parhez behtar hai. maiN ne jis maahaul meN
tarbiyat paayii, vahaaN usuuloN kii paabandii behad saKhtii ke saath
hotii hai. maiN ne agar kabhii koii :tajrabaa: kiyaa to use fauran rad
kar diyaa gayaa. lekin us se ye faaidah huaa kii zabaan ke buniyaadii
usuuloN par tavajjah markuuz rahii. rah gaye tajrubaat, to vo to merii
fitrat meN haiN, aur vo maiN kartaa rahuuNgaa. dekhnaa ye hai ki inheN
kahaaN tak qubuul kiyaa jaataa hai.
ek martabaa phir, aap ko is tahqiiqii aur mahnat-talab mazmuun par
dilii mubaarakbaad aur shukriya!
niyaazmand,
Irfan :Abid: