NIKAAT.e.SUKHAN # 1 : aik adabee mazmoon : Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Sarwar Alam Raz
1.1 : Harf.e.avval
kuChh din pehle Amit Malhotra saaheb ne yahaaN per Urdu shaa'iree meiN
istaimaal hone vaalee :beHroN: per ma'loomaat kee darKhwaast kee thee.
is mozoo' per aik mazmoon Irfan Abid saaheb :Bahr-The Backbone of
Shayari: ke naam se alup per kuChh din pehle pesh kar chuke haiN. yeh
mazmoon alup kee :archives: se dastyaab ho saktaa hai.
maiN Irfan saaheb kee is teHreer per ko'ee tabsara naheeN karooNgaa;
albatta is mozoo' per apnaa mazmoon taiyyaar karte vaqt us ko saamne
zaroor rakhooNgaa taa.k donoN mazaameen kee roshnee meiN :beHr: aur
muta'alliqah mu'aamalaat per beshtar savaaloN ke saaf aur munaasib
javaab mil sakeN. is mazmoon kee vus'at aur pecheedigee ke
pesh.e.nazar maiN jo tareeq.e.kaar iKhtiyaar kar rahaa hooN us kee
tafseelaat neeche darj haiN. ummeed hai k mazmoon pooraa hone per
paRhne vaaloN kee mushkileN bohat kuChh door ho jaayeNgee:
(1) yeh mazmoon kayee qistoN meiN pesh kiyaa jaayegaa. is se mujh ko
bhee aasaanee hogee aur paRhne vaaloN ko bhee dushvaaree naheeN hogee.
her qist meiN kam.o.besh milte.julte mazaameen se beHs ho gee, lekin
sab qisteN aapas meiN musalsal aur marboot hoNgee taa.k mazmoon ke
iKhtitaam per aik mukammal naqsha aap ke saamne aa jaaye.
(2) zaahir hai k yeh mazmoon :Roman Urdu: meiN likhaa jaayegaa. is
meiN English kaa istaimaal ba.Haalat.e.majbooree aise muqaamaat per
hogaa jahaaN meree raa'e meiN English ke istaimaal se baat ziyaada
saaf aur aasaan ho saktee hai.
(3) fil.Haal yahaaN sirf Ghazal se hee guftugoo hogee. doosree
manzoomaat (nazm, qit'a, rubaayee vaGhaira) par ba'd meiN zaroorat aur
logoN kaa shoq dekh kar likhaa jaa saktaa hai.
Ghazal per beHs bilkul ibtidaa'ee baatoN se chal kar ziyaada mushkil
baatoN ko apne daaman meiN sameTe.gee. is se mubtadiyoN (beginners) ke
ilaava aise logoN kaa bhee faa'ida hogaa jo Ghazal kee duniyaa meiN
pehlaa qadam rakhnaa chaahte haiN. yeh mumkin hai k is tareeqe ko
apnaane se baa.ilm aur tajrube.kaar logoN ko kuChh ziyaada Haasil
naheeN hogaa, lekin aksariyat kee bhalaa'ee kee Khaatir un se sabr aur
kushaada.dilee kee dast.basta guzaarish hai.
saath hee yeh bhee darKhwaast hai k voh agar mere mazmoon meiN kaheeN
ko'ee Ghalatee dekheN to mujh ko foran aagaah kar deN taa.k maiN apnee
islaaH kar sakooN. shukriya!
(4) maiN mazmoon kee zubaan aasaan aur saaf rakhne kee pooree koshish
karooNgaa. phir bhee chooN.k hamaaree beHs shaa'iree jaise mushkil fun
se hai jis meiN bohat see baateN tekneekee (technical) hoNgee, is liye
matlab kee adaa'igee aur vazaaHat ke liye jagah jagah mushkil alfaaz
kaa sahaara lenaa zarooree hogaa.
meree behtareen koshishoN ke baa.vujood Ghazal ke shaa'iqeen ko jumla
ma'loomaat se pooraa faa'ida uThaane ke liye Ghor.o.fikr aur tavajjuh
ke ilaava zubaan, bayaan aur lafziyaat (vocabulary) per Khaasee
meHnat karnee hogee. chunaanch.e jo log is mazmoon se pooraa faa'ida
uThaanaa chaahte haiN unheN aik aChhee luGhat (dictionary) kaa
intizaam karnaa hogaa, yaa phir voh mushkil alfaaz aur istilaaHaat ke
mataalib aur mazeed tashreeH alup per pooChh sakte haiN!
maiN koshish karooNgaa k her qist ke aakHir meiN aik muKhtasar see
farhaNg (dicionary) mushkil alfaaz kee de dooN. lekin vaqt aur meHnat
ke taqaazoN ke teHt mumkin hai k maiN paabaNdee se yeh kaam na kar
sakooN. agar ko'ee aur saaheb yeh Khidmat aNjaam de sakte hoN to baRee
mehrbaanee hogee!
(5) shoqeen aur sanjeeda paRhne vaaloN se guzaarish hai k voh is
mazmoon ko :qist.vaar: Chhaap (print) leN kyoN.k jab tak is kee
aaKHiree qist aayegee aik kitaabcha (bohat ChhoTee kitaab) taiyyaar ho
chukaa hogaa jis ko ma'aaKhiz (reference) ke taur per istaimaal kiyaa
jaa sakegaa.
ab aa'iye :Nikaat.e.SuKhan: kee pehlee qist se is mazmoon kaa aaGhaaz
kareN:
ChheRaa hai :Raz: maiN ne afsaana.e.muHabbat
aaGhaaz se ho aChhaa aNjaam daastaaN kaa! (Raz Chandpuri)
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1.2 : Roman Urdu kaa tareeq.e.kitaabat (Trasliteration Scheme)
neeche maiN kitaabat (transliteration) kaa voh nizaam (scheme)
muKhtasaran de rahaa hooN jo maiN mazmoon meiN istaimaal karooNgaa.
muKhtalif Harf/Huroof kee vazaaHat alfaaz kee bajaaye maiN ne misaaloN
se kee hai. yeh fehrist mukammal naheeN hai. aage jaise jaise zaroorat
meHsoos hogee is meiN izaafa kar diyaa jaayegaa:
a : agar, ab, anhonee aa : aaj, aazmaa'ish, aa'iye
au : aur (and), taur (way) b : baar, bebaak
bh : bhook, bhaabhee ch : chakkar, choonaa
d : darvaaza, dekhnaa dh : dharnaa, dhokaa
D : Dar (fear), Daak (post) ee : gayee, eekh (sugar-cane)
g : girnaa, agarbattee gh : ghar, ghooNghaT
i : ik (one), idhar Gh : Ghor, vaGhaira
ei : meiN (in), meiNh (rain) jh : jharnaa, jhoolaa
Kh : Khairiyat, Khaatoon N : aasaaN, ghooNghaT (nasal noon)
o : shore (noise), aashob(balaa) oo : ooper, oon (wool)
ph : phir, phool r : rehnaa, ronaa
R : uRnaa, ragaR (scrape) t : to, tanhaa
T : ghooNT, Taxi kh : khoTaa, kheeraa (cucumber)
Z : miZgaaN (palak)
Haashiya: ham.saut (similar sounding) Huroof (sing: Harf), jaise :
se, swaad, seen: aur : ze, zaal, zoe, zwaad: vaGhaira meiN farq
naheeN kiyaa jaayegaa. jahaaN zaroorat meHsoos hogee Harf :ain: kaa
izhaar : ' : (single quote) se kiyaa jaayegaa, maslan : mozoo' ,
mamnoo' . isamaa.e.Khaas (proper names) usee taraH likhe jaayeNge
jaise hamaaree :scheme: se qabl likhe jaate the, maslan : Ghalib, Mir,
Raz Chandpuri : vaGhaira.
1.3 : Ghazal ke ma'nee :
insaan ne apne Khayaalaat, meHsoosaat, tajrubaat aur mushaahidaat ke
izhaar ke liye muKhtalif zuroof (vessels or vehicles) eejaad kiye
haiN. agar ko'ee shaKhs raNg aur 'brush' ko apnaa zaria.e.izhaar
banaaye to voh 'musavvir' kehlaataa hai; agar voh taal, sur aur
saaz.o.aavaaz se kaam le to 'mooseeqaar' kehlaataa hai, aur agar voh
alfaaz ko aik maKhsoos shakl meiN istaimaal kar ke kaaGhaz per jaadoo
jagaaye to ham usko :shaa'ir: kehte haiN. isee liye Munshi Brij Narain
:Chakbast: ne kahaa thaa k :
shaa'iree kyaa hai? dilee jazbaat kaa izhaar hai
dil agar bekaar hai to shaa'iree bekaar hai!
Ghazal shaa'iree kee aik nihaayat dilkash aur maqbool.tareen sinf hai.
adab kee taareeKh meiN aik bhee shaa'ir aisaa naheeN guzraa hai jis ne
apnee shaa'iree ke kisee na kisee lamHe meiN Ghazal na kahee ho.
Ghazal ke luGHvee (dictionary) ma'ne haiN : apne meHboob se guftugoo
karnaa:. isee munaasibat se Ghazal apne mizaaj aur mozoo'aat meiN
doosree asnaaf.e.suKhan se munfarid hai. Husn.o.ishq, hijr.o.visaal,
parvaana.o.shama, zindigee ke raNj.o.aalaam, duniyaa kee be.sabaatee
vaGhaira Ghazal ke Khaas mozoo' haiN.
is kaa matlab yeh naheeN hai k Ghazal aur doosre masaa'el ko baaNdhne
kee ijaazat naheeN detee hai, yaa us kee shakl in masaa'el ke bayaan
kee mutaHammil naheeN hai. jadeed sho'raa ne is silsile meiN baRee
kaavish kee hai aur : roTee-kapRaa aur makaan: se lekar : mazdoor aur
sarmaaya.daar : tak muKhtalif mazaameen ko Ghazal meiN baaNdhaa hai
magar shaaz.o.naadir hee unko kaamyaabee huee hai.
1.4 : Ghazal ke ajzaa.e tarkeebee:
hai'at (zaahiree shakl) ke e'tibaar se Ghazal ke ajzaa.e.tarkeebee
chaar (4) haiN:
(a) radeef (b) qaafiya (c) matla' (d) maqta'
in per muKhtasar beHs darj.e.zail hai.
in ke ilaava chaNd aur istilaaHaat Ghazal se vaabasta haiN, maslan :
taKhallus, zameen, Ghazal.e.musalsal, do.Ghazla, vazan, beHr,
vaGhaira:. in per guftugoo munaasib muqaamaat per aa'inda safHaat
meiN hogee.
Ghazal kee istilaaHaat samajhne ke liye Momin kee aik Ghazal neeche
likhee jaa rahee hai:
tum bhee rehne lage Khafaa saaheb (1)
kaheeN saaya miraa paRaa saaheb?
hai yeh baNda hee be.vafaa saaheb (2)
Ghair aur tum bhale! bhalaa saaheb?
kyoN ulajhte ho juNbish.e.lab se (3)
Khair hai? maiN ne kyaa kahaa saaheb?
dam.e.aaKHir bhee tum naheeN aaye (4)
baNdigee ab! k maiN chalaa saaheb.
kis pe bigRe the, kis pe Ghussa thaa? (q) (5)
raat tum kis pe the Khafaa saaheb?
kis ko dete the gaaliyaaN laakhoN (6)
kis kaa shab zikr.e.Khair thaa saaheb?
naam.e.ishq.e.butaaN na lo Momin (7)
keejiye bas Khudaa, Khudaa saaheb!
is Ghazal meiN saat (7) ash'aar (sing: sher) haiN aur her sher meiN do
(2) 'misre' (lines) haiN. goyaa Ghazal meiN sher kee takmeel ke liye
do misre zarooree haiN.
yeh bhee dekhiye k Ghazal kaa her misra aik hee :lambaa'ee: kaa hai.
is ko sher kee zubaan meiN ham yooN kaheNge k : her misra/sher aik hee
beHr (literally: samundar) ya'nee :meTer: meiN hai. kaheeN se aik Harf
(letter) nikaal deejiye to voh misra beHr se baahar ho jaayegaa (is ko
: beHr se Kharij honaa kehte haiN). yeh nuqs Ghazal meiN
naa.qaabil.e.qubool hai. (beHr kee tafseelaat aage munaasib muqaam per
aa rahee haiN.)
ab aap ooper dee huee istilaaHaat (terms) kee tashreeH mulaaHiza
farmaaiye:
(a) radeef : voh lafz, tarkeeb yaa fiqra hai jo her sher ke doosre
misre ke aaKhir meiN laaziman aataa hai. Momin kee Ghazal meiN radeef
:saaheb: hai. voh Ghazal jis meiN radeef kaa ehtimaam kiyaa jaaye
:muraddaf: Ghazal kehlaatee hai. Ghazal meiN radeef kaa istaimaal
zarooree naheeN hai, HaalaaN.k beshtar log is kee paabaNdee karte
haiN. aisee Ghazal jis meiN radeef kaa ehtimaam na ho :Ghair muraddaf:
Ghazal kehlaatee hai. is kee aik misaal likhtaa hooN:
yeh subH.o.shaam kee uljhan yeh roz.o.shab kee yaad
sunaa.ooN kyaa tumheN afsaana.e.dil.e.barbaad
jo aaye yaad to dil Doob Doob jaataa hai
jo us ko bhoolnaa chaahooN to aur aaye yaad!
maiN Khud ko DhooNDne niklaa to raasta na milaa
daleel.e.raah nazar thee miree, so be.buniyaad
Khayaal.o.Khwaab kee duniyaa hooN aur maiN Sarwar
umeed.e.daad hai mujh ko na shikva.e.be.daad (Sarwar Raz
:Sarwar:)
is Ghazal meiN radeef naheeN hai aur her sher ke doosre misre kaa
aaKhree lafz :rhyme: kar rahaa hai (yaad, barbaad, buniyaad vaGhaira).
aise alfaaz ko :qaafiya: kehte haiN. neeche dekhiye (b).
(b) qaafiya (pl: qavaafee) voh lafz, tarkeeb yaa fiqra jo radeef se
foran pehle aataa hai qaafiya kehlaataa hai. Momin kee Ghazal ke
qavaafee :Khafaa, baRaa, bhalaa: vaGhaira haiN aur Sarwar kee Ghazal
ke qavaafee : barbaad, yaad, buniyaad : vaGhaira haiN.
dekhiye k yeh alfaaz :rhyme: kar rahe haiN. qavaafee ke liye yeh shart
laazimee hai. goyaa :non-rhyming: alfaaz aik hee Ghazal meiN ba.taur
qaafiya istaimaal naheeN ho sakte haiN. yeh alfaaz (i.e., bhalaa,
kahaa, Khafaa) :ham.qaafiya: kehlaate haiN.
(c) matla' (meem, toe,laam, ain) : matla' kaa matlab hai :tuloo' yaa
shuroo' hone kee jagah:. matla' Ghazal ke pehle sher ko kehte haiN
kyoN.k yaheeN se Ghazal kee ibtidaa hotee hai. matle ke donoN misroN
meiN qaafiye/radeef kaa honaa zarooree hai, goyaa matle' ke donoN
misre :ham.qaafiya: hote hain.
matle' ke ilaava saare ash'aar ke pehle misre qaafiye ke paaband
naheeN hote haiN. albatta sab :saanee: (doosre number ke) misroN kaa
qaafiye kee paabandee karnaa laazimee hai.
Ghazal meiN aik se ziyaada matle' ho sakte haiN. is soorat meiN pehle
matle' ko :matla.e.avval yaa matla'.e.oolaa: aur doosre ko
:matla'.e.saanee: yaa :Husn.e.matla': kahaa jaataa hai. Momin kee
Ghazal meiN sher #1 matla'.e.avval hai aur #2 :matla'.e.saanee: hai.
(d) maqta' (qata' yaa Khatm hone kee jagah) Ghazal ke aakhiree sher ko
kehte haiN kyoN.k yahaaN aakar Ghazal Khatm ho jaatee hai. umooman
shaa'ir maqte' meiN apnaa :taKhallus: (muKhtasar naam) Daal detaa hai.
shaa'iree meiN ko'ee aisaa usool naheeN hai jo shaa'ir ko maqte' meiN
taKhallus baaNdhne par majboor kare, magar beshtar sho'raa maqte mein
apne taKhallus baaNdhte haiN aur is taraH Ghazal per apnaa :Thappa:
lagaa dete haiN.
taKhallus kuChh bhee ho saktaa hai. ba'z shoraa apnaa naam hee
taKhallus ke taur per istaimaal karte haiN aur ba'z ko'ee aur farzee
naam is maqsad ke liye iKhtiyaar kar lete haiN, maslan : Asad-ullah
Khan naam aur taKhallus Ghalib; Muhamaad Iqbal naam aur taKhallus
Iqbal.
yahaaN per shaa'iree kee aik aur istilaaH :zameen: kee
ta'reef.o.tashreeH munaasib ma'loom hotee hai. Ghazal kee shanaaKht
kaa aik zari'a radeef aur qaafiye ke ishtiraak se banaayaa gayaa hai,
jise :zameeN: kehte haiN, maslan Momin kee Ghazal kee zameen :Khafaa
saaheb, baRaa saaheb: hai. isee taraH Ghalib kee Ghazal :ko'ee din gar
zindigaanee aur hai: kee zameen : zindigaanee aur hai, Thaanee aur
hai: kahee jaayegee.
1.5 : Ghazal kee Khusoosiyaat aur iltizaamaat:
Ghazal doosree asnaaf.e.suKhan (nazm, rubaa'ee, qita', muKhammas
vaGhaira) se sirf apnee hai'at (zaahiree shakl) kee vajh se hee
mumtaaz naheeN hai, bal.k apne mazaameen, aur aNdaaz.e.bayaan meiN
bhee munfarid hai.
Ghazal kaa her sher aik mukammal veHdat hotaa hai, ya'nee ko'ee sher
apnee tashreeH aur vazaaHat ke liye kisee doosre sher kaa muHtaaj
naheeN hotaa hai. chunaan.che Ghazal kaa aik sher Husn.o.ishq per,
doosraa falsafa.e.Hayaat per, teesraa siyaasat per aur chauthaa
duniyaa kee be.sabaatee per ho saktaa hai. doosre alfaaz meiN ham yeh
keh sakte haiN k Ghazal kaa her sher apnee zaat meiN aik mukammal aur
muKhtasar nazm hotaa hai. goyaa Ghazal ke tamaam ash'aar meiN
Khayaal.o.mozoo' ke tasalsul aur yaksaaniyat kee shart laazimee naheeN
hai.
Ghazal ke ash'aar meiN Khayaal aur mozoo' kee mazkoora aazaadee ko
mua'ssar banaane ke liye zarooree hai k Ghazal ke Khayaal.o.mozoo' us
ke mizaaj se ham.aahaNg hoN. Ghazal kee aik nihaayat ehm Khussoosiyat
us kee :daaKhiliyat: (ya'nee Khayaalaat.o.meHsoosaat kaa shaa'ir kee
zaat se paida honaa) hai. is liye shaa'ir kaa farz hotaa hai k voh her
Khaarijee mazmoon (ya'nee aisee baat jo shaa'ir kee zaat se baahar ke
muHarrikaat (stimulants) se pedaa huee ho) ko apnee fikr.o.zaat kaa
aik Hissa banaa le aur unko yooN meHsoos kare jaise voh Khud unkaa
shikaar rahaa hai.
is :daaKhiliyat: ke ilaava Ghazal kee be.panaah maqbooliyat kee aik
aur vajh bhee hai: ya'nee sirf do misroN meiN baRe se baRaa mazmoon
dilkash andaaz meiN adaa karne kee salaaHiyat! is Khusoosiyat ko :
ijaz.o.iKhtisaar : (inimitability and brevity) kahaa jaataa hai. yehee
sabab hai k Ghazal.go shaa'ir apnee taKhleeqaat meiN alaamaat,
ishaare, tashbeehaat, isti'aare vaGhaira kasrat se istaimaal kartaa
hai.
yeh zarooree naheeN hai k Ghazal kaa her sher hamesha hee alag alag
mazmoon bayaan kare. yeh bhee ho saktaa hai k aik hee mazmoon ke
muKhtalif pehloo pooree Ghazal meiN bayaan kiye gayee hoN. chunaanche
Ghazal.e.musalsal aisee Ghazal ko kehte haiN jis meiN aik hee
buniyaadee Khayaal yaa jazbe aur uskee jehtoN ko muKhtalif
alfaaz.o.andaaz meiN bayaan kiyaa jaataa hai. lihaaza
Ghazal.e.musalsal kee misaal aik aisee maalaa yaa haar se dee jaa
saktee hai jiskaa her daana aik hee Khayaal yaa jazbe kee tasbeeH
paRhtaa nazar aataa ho. Hasrat Mohani kee mash'hoor Ghazal :chupke,
chupke, raat din aaNsoo bahaanaa yaad hai: Ghazal.e.musalsal kee
aChhee misaal hai.
yahaaN do mazeed istilaaHoN kaa zikr naa.munaasib naheeN hogaa:
do.Ghazla, jaisa k naam se zaahir hai, aisee do GhazaloN ke majmoo'e
ko kehte haiN jo aik hee beHr aur zameen meiN matle' aur maqte' kee
paabandee ke saath kahee gayee hoN.
qita'-band : ba'z auqaat shaa'ir apnee Ghazal ke beech meiN aise
ash'aar rakh detaa hai jo aik hee Khayaal adaa karte hoN. aise ash'aar
ke 'giroh' ko :qita'-band: kahaa jaataa hai.umooman Ghazal meiN is kee
nishaan.dehee qite' ke pehle misre ke paas Harf :qaaf: likh kar kee
jaatee hai taa.k qaaree (reader) mazmoon ke tasalsul, ravaanee aur
maqsadiyat ko meHsoos kar sake. ooper dee huee Momin kee Ghazal meiN
sher # 5, 6 aisaa hee qita' ke ash'aar haiN.
1.6 : Ghazal kyaa hai?
ooper kee mufassil beHs ke ba'd is savaal kaa javaab k :Ghazal kyaa
hai? : nisbatan aasaan hai:
Ghazal aise ash'aar kaa majmoo'a hai jo Khud do (2) misroN (lines) se
tashkeel.pazeer hote haiN, aur jo radeef, qaafiye, matle' aur maqte'
ke paabaNd hote haiN. Ghazal kaa her sher laaziman aik hee beHr meiN
hotaa hai aur umooman apnee tashreeH ke liye doosre ash'aar kaa
muHtaaj naheeN hotaa hai, goyaa her sher apnaa Khayaal alag rakhtaa
hai. vaise Ghazal meiN aik hee Khayaal ke muKhtalif pehloo bayaan
karne ke bhee ijaazat hai. tafseelaat ooper aa chukee haiN.
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mushkil alfaaz kee farhaNg :
nikaat : (sing. nukta) finer points suKhan : shaa'iree
mozoo' : subject (pl. mozoo'aat) mazmoon : subject, article (pl.
mazaameen)
dastyaab honaa : haath aanaa tabsara : critique, tanqeed
muta'alliq : related vus'at : extent, vastness
pesh.e.nazar : roshnee meiN tareeq.e.kaar : procedure
tafseelaat : details (sing. tafseel) kam.o.besh : approximately
musalsal : continuous marboot : connected together
iKhtitaam : end mukammal : pooraa
muqaamaat : jagaheN (sing. muqaam) ibtidaa : beginning
mubtadee : beginner baa.ilm : learned
tajrube.kaar : experienced kushaada.dil : magnanimous
dast.basta : haath joR kar guzaarish : bintee
darKhwaast : bintee aagaah karnaa : bataanaa
islaaH : behtar banaanaa vazaaHat : explanation
shaa'iqeen : shoq rakhne vaale shaa'iq : singular of shaa'iqeen
alfaaz : words istilaaHaat : technical terms
mataalib : meanings (sing. matlab) teHt : neeche, asar se
ma'aaKhiz : source, reference aaGhaaz : beginning
nizaam : system muKhtasar : brief
muKhtasaran : briefly Harf : letter (pl. Huroof)
fehrist : list izaafa : baRhaanaa
saut : aavaaz ham.saut : aik see aavaaz vaale
izhaar : zaahir karnaa mamnoo' : prohibited
ism : naam ism.e.Khaas : proper name
Khayaalaat : ideas (sing. Khayaal) meHsoosaat : feelings
tajruba : experience (pl. tajrubaat)
mushaahida :bservation, (pl.mushaahidaat)
zuroof : vessel, medium eejaad : invent
zari'a : method dilkash : Khoobsoorat
maqbool : pasand maqbool.tareen : sab se ziyaada pasand
sinf : genre adab : literature
taareeKh : history lamHa : second (thoRaa vaqt)
luGhat : dictionary luGhvee : from the dictionary
guftugoo : baat cheet murfarid : unique
hijr : judaa'ee visaal : milaap
aalaam : raNj (sing. alam) sabaat : qaa'yam rehnaa
be.sabaatee : qaa'yam na rehnaa mas'ala : mushkil (pl. masaa'el)
taHammul : bardaasht mutaHammil :capable of bearing hardship
shaa'ir : poet (pl. sho'raa) shaaz.o.naadir : exceptionally
ajzaa : components (sing. juzv) tarkeeb : combination
hai'at : shakl vaabasta : attached
safHa : page (pl. safHaat) juNbish : hilnaa
lab : hoNt dam.e.aaKhir : aaKhiree vaqt
shab : raat zikr.e.Khair : aChhee baat
ishq.e.butaaN : HaseenoN se ishq takmeel : completion
Khaarij : baahar nuqs : drawback
naa.qaabil.e.qubool : unacceptable tashreeH : explanation
daleel.e.raah : raaste kee nishaanee shikva : shikaayat
be.daad : zulm, ziyaadatee tuloo' : nikalnaa, shuroo honaa
saanee : doosraa qata' : kaaT denaa
shanaaKht : pehchaan umooman : aam taur se
ishtiraak : cooperation iltizaam : Khaas intizaam
mumtaaz : sab se alag veHdat : aik, ikaa'ee
tasalsul : continuity yaksaaniyat : sameness
mazkoora : jis kaa zikr hua hai mua'ssar : effective
ham.aahaNg : in sync salaaHiyat : capability
ijaaz : inimitability iKhtisaar : brevity
taKhleeq : creation (pl. taKhleeqaat) allamat : symbol (pl. alaamaat)
tashbeeh : metaphor (pl. tashbeehaat) isti'aara : simile
jeht : pehloo nishaan.dehee : pehchaan bataanaa
qaaree : paRhne vaalaa maqsidiyat : purpose
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
insha.Allah is mazmoon kee doosree qisteN an.qareeb pesh kee
jaayeNgee. aap sab se darKhwaast hai k ooper ke mazmoon per apnee
raa'e likheN taa.k maiN aglaa mazmoon behtar banaa sakooN.
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Irfan 'Abid'
> NIKAAT.e.SUKHAN # 1 : Sarwar A. Raz
>
> 1.1 : Harf.e.avval
>
> kuChh din pehle Amit Malhotra saaheb ne yahaaN per Urdu shaa'iree meiN
> istaimaal hone vaalee :beHroN: per ma'loomaat kee darKhwaast kee thee.
> is mozoo' per aik mazmoon Irfan Abid saaheb :Bahr-The Backbone of
> Shayari: ke naam se alup per kuChh din pehle pesh kar chuke haiN. yeh
> mazmoon alup kee :archives: se dastyaab ho saktaa hai.
>
> maiN Irfan saaheb kee is teHreer per ko'ee tabsara naheeN karooNgaa;
> albatta is mozoo' per apnaa mazmoon taiyyaar karte vaqt us ko saamne
> zaroor rakhooNgaa taa.k donoN mazaameen kee roshnee meiN :beHr: aur
> muta'alliqah mu'aamalaat per beshtar savaaloN ke saaf aur munaasib
> javaab mil sakeN. is mazmoon kee vus'at aur pecheedigee ke
> pesh.e.nazar maiN jo tareeq.e.kaar iKhtiyaar kar rahaa hooN us kee
> tafseelaat neeche darj haiN. ummeed hai k mazmoon pooraa hone per
> paRhne vaaloN kee mushkileN bohat kuChh door ho jaayeNgee:
>
Sarwar Sb, aadaab!
:nikaat-e-suKhan: kaa silsilaa shuruu'a kar ke aap ne ek nek kaam kaa
aaGhaaz kiyaa hai. aap ke mazaamiin se mujh jaise kayii qaara'iin kaa
faaidah hogaa. merii jaanib se mubaarakbaad aur nek Khvaahishaat
qubuul kiijiye.
niyaazmand,
Irfan 'Abid'
Zoya
>
> 1.1 : Harf.e.avval
>
Sarwar Sahib,
aadaab,
aap_kii ba.Dii meharbaani hai ke aap ham sab kii Khaatir itnaa vaqt
aur mehnat lagaa rahe hai.N. merii to samajh mei.N nahii.N aa rahaa ke
aap_kaa kin alfaaz mei.N shukriya adaa karuu.N. agar aap naa bhii
kehte, mai.N to phir bhii yeh mazaamiin print kar ke future reference
ke liye zaruur rakh hii letii. is silsile kii baaqii qisto.N kaa
i.Ntezaar hai.
____________Zoya
Yogesh Sethi
> ... aap sab se darKhwaast hai k ooper ke mazmoon per apnee
> raa'e likheN taa.k maiN aglaa mazmoon behtar banaa sakooN.
>
> Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Sarwar sahib:
aap ne jo nikaat-e-sukhan kaa tabsira karne kii zahmat uThaaii hai,
mai.n us kaa shukriyaa adaa karnaa chaahataa huu.n. aap kii raae jo
ghazal kii daakhiliyat par raushnii kar rahii hai vo ek uu.nche darje
kii tafhiim hai. jab bhii koii sukhanvar ghazal kii is ehm
Khussuusiyat ko apanaa letaa hai, us sukhanvar kii shaayrii kii
maqbuliyat me.n behad izaafaa ho jaataa hai. is silsile me.n Sahir
Ludhianvi kaa likhaa hua ek sher yaad aataa hai:
ham Gam-zadaa hai.n laaye kahaa.N se Khushii ke giit
de.nge wahii jo paae.nge is zi.ndagii se ham
Regards,
Yogesh
.......................
For the benefit of those who may find it difficult to follow the Urdu
version of my post follwing is the English version of it:
I would like to thank you for the trouble you are taking to review the
finer points of ghazal writing. In this context the light you shine on
"daakhiliyat" constitutes a high level teaching of this paramount
aspect of a ghazal. When a poet is able to inject this very important
quality in his works the appreciation of the same is dramatically
increased.
UVR
> insha.Allah is mazmoon kee doosree qisteN an.qareeb pesh kee
> jaayeNgee. aap sab se darKhwaast hai k ooper ke mazmoon per apnee
> raa'e likheN taa.k maiN aglaa mazmoon behtar banaa sakooN.
>
> Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
mukarrami Sarwar saahib, aadaab.
tamaam deegar ALUPers kii zubaan se zubaan milaa kar maiN bhi
yahi kahnaa chaahtaa hooN k aap ALUP ki -- aur ALUP ke zari'e
Urdu zubaan, Urdu shaa'iri aur Urdu adab ki -- jo Khidmat kar
rahe haiN, use dekh kar dil Khushii se phoola nahiiN samaataa.
mujh tifl-e-maktab meiN woh taabish-e-alfaaz-o-bayaaN nahiN k
jis se aap kaa shukriyaa ada karooN. sirf itnaa kah saktaa
hooN k aap ke har mazmoon ki tarah "nikaat-e-suKhan" ko paRh
kar bhi mujhe yahi mahsoos huaa k kisii ne 'ilm ke jaadoo`ii
piTaare se ek aur naayaab gauhar nikaal kar mere haath meiN
thamaa diyaa hai.
shukriya, Sarwar saahib.
-UVR
Sarwar Alam Raz
> sarw...@yahoo.com (Sarwar Alam Raz) wrote in message news:<267193df.02040...@posting.google.com>...
> > NIKAAT.e.SUKHAN # 1 : Sarwar A. Raz
>
> :nikaat-e-suKhan: kaa silsilaa shuruu'a kar ke aap ne ek nek kaam kaa
> aaGhaaz kiyaa hai. aap ke mazaamiin se mujh jaise kayii qaara'iin kaa
> faaidah hogaa. merii jaanib se mubaarakbaad aur nek Khvaahishaat
> qubuul kiijiye.
>
> niyaazmand,
> Irfan 'Abid'
Irfan saaheb salaam
aap ne jin alfaaz meiN meree himmat.afzaa'ee kee hai un ke liye
mamnoon hooN. maiN aap kee raa'e aur tajaveez kaa Khair.maqdam kartaa
hooN. agar kaheeN mujh se mazmoon meiN kotaahee ho jaaye to bataa
deejiyegaa. shukriya!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Sarwar Alam Raz
> > NIKAAT.e.SUKHAN # 1 : Sarwar A. Raz
> Sarwar Sahib,
>
> aadaab,
>
> aap_kii ba.Dii meharbaani hai ke aap ham sab kii Khaatir itnaa vaqt
> aur mehnat lagaa rahe hai.N. merii to samajh mei.N nahii.N aa rahaa ke
> aap_kaa kin alfaaz mei.N shukriya adaa karuu.N. agar aap naa bhii
> kehte, mai.N to phir bhii yeh mazaamiin print kar ke future reference
> ke liye zaruur rakh hii letii. is silsile kii baaqii qisto.N kaa
> i.Ntezaar hai.
>
> ____________Zoya
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Zoya jee! sat Sri Akal!!
aap mujh ko sharminda na kareN! avval to meraa ilm bohat meHdood hai;
doosre jo hai agar voh apne saath le kar duniyaa se chalaa gayaa to
kis kaam kaa? ilm jis ke paas bhee hai aur jitnaa bhee hai sab jaanib
phelaanaa chaahiye. maiN ne apne buzurgoN se yehee seekhaa hai. mujh
ko yeh Khidmat kar ke Khushee hotee hai. agar mazmoon meiN koee baat
reh jaaye jis ko behtar tor per kehne kee zaroorat hai to zaroor
bataaiye gaa. doosree qist taiyyar hee hai. maiN yeh faisila naheeN
kar paayaa hooN k qistoN ke darmiyaan kitnaa vaqfa rakhooN! aisaa na
ho ke log :bore: ho jaayeN!!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Sarwar Alam Raz
> sarw...@yahoo.com (Sarwar Alam Raz) wrote:
> ham Gam-zadaa hai.n laaye kahaa.N se Khushii ke giit
> de.nge wahii jo paae.nge is zi.ndagii se ham
Yogesh saaheb namaste!
aap ko mazmoon pasand aaya to jaaniye k :paise vusool ho gaye!: aage
aane vaalee qistoN per bhee apnee raa'e likhiyegaa taa.k maiN mazmoon
behtar banaa sakooN. Sahir saaheb kaa sher pasand aayaa. aglee qist
bohat jald post karne vaalaa hooN.
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Sarwar Alam Raz
> yahi kahnaa chaahtaa hooN k aap ALUP ki -- aur ALUP ke zari'e
> Urdu zubaan, Urdu shaa'iri aur Urdu adab ki -- jo Khidmat kar
> rahe haiN, use dekh kar dil Khushii se phoola nahiiN samaataa.
> mujh tifl-e-maktab meiN woh taabish-e-alfaaz-o-bayaaN nahiN k
> jis se aap kaa shukriyaa ada karooN. sirf itnaa kah saktaa
> hooN k aap ke har mazmoon ki tarah "nikaat-e-suKhan" ko paRh
> kar bhi mujhe yahi mahsoos huaa k kisii ne 'ilm ke jaadoo`ii
> piTaare se ek aur naayaab gauhar nikaal kar mere haath meiN
> thamaa diyaa hai.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ravindra baaboo namaskaaraa!
aap ne to nasr meiN shaa'iree kar Daalee! bhaa'ee maiN itnee ta'reef
kaa kab se mustaHiq qaraar paayaa? shukriya to mujh ko aap logoN kaa
adaa karnaa hai k is qadar muHabbat se mazaameen paRhte haiN aur meree
himmat baRhaate haiN. varna man aanam k man daanam vaalaa muaamlaa
hai! aap isee taraH apnee naaqidaana raa'e dete rahiye aur
be.takallufee se KhaamiyaaN bhee bataaiye taa.k jo cheez alupers tak
jaaye khoTee na ho! aap kee muHabbat kaa shukriya!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Amit Malhotra
As you know, I've been waiting for something like you posted, your
Nikaat-e-suKhan #1 was very nicely written and I'm so glad I asked someone
to write a White paper on beh'r...
I'm think i'm going to end up getting much more than I asked from you and
boy am I happy about that. Thank you Sarwar sahib, I printed your first
part out, read it twice already, learning new words as well as new things
about Urdu Poetry. I will definitely print all the rest out too and make a
small book as you said out of it.
About if people are going to get bored from this one if you post them too
fast, I don't think so. Everyone seems to be happy that you have undertaken
this very hard task to write a comprehensive (as comprehensive as it can be)
articles on Urdu Poetry. I also hope that you won't stop at ghazal and that
you will move on to Nazm and other types of Urdu Poetry too. It will
certainly prove to be very helpful and resourceful for me and others.
aapka tah-e-dil se shukriyaa
Amit Malhotra
Vasmi Abidi
The Subtleties of Shaa’iree (Part 1)
===========================
1.3 Meaning of “Ghazal”
To express their thoughts, feelings, experiences and observations, people have
invented many different vehicles. Someone who uses paint and brush as instruments
for expression is called a painter; one who uses sounds and harmony with voice or
musical instruments is called a musician; and one who creates magic on paper by
composing exquisite arrangements of words is called a shaa'ir.
To quote Munshi Brij Narain Chakbast:
shaa'iree kyaa hai? dilee jazbaat kaa izhaar hai
dil agar bekaar hai to shaa'iree bekaar hai!
Ghazal is an extremely appealing and popular genre of shaa’iree. There is probably
no famous poet who, at one time or another, has not written in the Ghazal form.
The literal meaning of Ghazal is "to converse with the beloved". This sets the
Ghazal apart from other forms of poetry, with respect to its temperament and subject
matter. Beauty and Love, Separation and Meetings, Moth and Candle, Vicissitudes of
Life, Impermanence of the World, etc are the staple of Ghazal.
This does not mean, however, that Ghazal doesn't allow other topics, or that
its structure is not capable of expressing other subject matter. In fact, modern
poets have made many attempts in this regard, and have composed Ghazals on a wide
variety of subjects, ranging from "roTi kapRa aur makaan" to "workers versus
capitalists". However, apart from some notable exceptions, few such attempts have
achieved success.
1.4 The Elements of Ghazal
The structure of a Ghazal includes four elements:
(a) radeef (b) qaafiya (c) matla' (d) maqta'
These are described briefly below.
In addition to these four elements, there are several other terms associated with
Ghazal, such as: taKhallus, zameen, Ghazal.e.musalsal, do.Ghazla, vazan, beHr, etc.
These will also be discussed at appropriate places in later sections.
To understand the terminology of Ghazal, we present a Ghazal by Momin.
tum bhee rehne lage Khafaa saaheb (1)
kaheeN saaya miraa paRaa saaheb?
hai yeh baNda hee be.vafaa saaheb (2)
Ghair aur tum bhale! bhalaa saaheb?
kyoN ulajhte ho juNbish.e.lab se (3)
Khair hai? maiN ne kyaa kahaa saaheb?
dam.e.aaKHir bhee tum naheeN aaye (4)
baNdigee ab! k maiN chalaa saaheb.
kis pe bigRe the, kis pe Ghussa thaa? (q) (5)
raat tum kis pe the Khafaa saaheb?
kis ko dete the gaaliyaaN laakhoN (6)
kis kaa shab zikr.e.Khair thaa saaheb?
naam.e.ishq.e.butaaN na lo Momin (7)
keejiye bas Khudaa, Khudaa saaheb!
This Ghazal has 7 ash’aar (plural of she’r), and each she’r has 2 misre (lines).
Each she’r of a Ghazal must be composed of two misre.
Also note that every misra of the ghazal is of the same length. In the terminology
of shaa’iree, we say that every misra/she’r is in the same beHr (lit. sea), or
"meter". If a single letter is removed from anywhere, the misra would go out of
meter - this is called "beHr se Khaarij hona". This defect is unacceptable in a
Ghazal.
(Details about beHr will be presented later)
Now let us look at the elements of Ghazal:
(a) radeef: A word, fragment, or phrase that appears at the end of the second misra
of every she’r. In Momin's Ghazal, the radeef is "saaheb". A Ghazal that contains a
radeef is called a "muraddaf" Ghazal. It is not mandatory to use a radeef in a
Ghazal, although commonly most poets do use it.
A Ghazal that does not contain a radeef is called a "Ghair muraddaf" Ghazal. An
example is this Ghazal:
yeh subH.o.shaam kee uljhan yeh roz.o.shab kee yaad
sunaa.ooN kyaa tumheN afsaana.e.dil.e.barbaad
jo aaye yaad to dil Doob Doob jaataa hai
jo us ko bhoolnaa chaahooN to aur aaye yaad!
maiN Khud ko DhooNDne niklaa to raasta na milaa
daleel.e.raah nazar thee miree, so be.buniyaad
Khayaal.o.Khwaab kee duniyaa hooN aur maiN Sarwar
umeed.e.daad hai mujh ko na shikva.e.be.daad
(Sarwar Raz
:Sarwar:)
This Ghazal has no radeef; the last word of the second misra of each she’r rhymes
(yaad, barbaad, buniyaad, etc.). Such words are called qaafiya, see (b) below.
(b) qaafiya: A word, fragment or phrase that appears just before the radeef. In
Momin's Ghazal the qavaafee (plural of qaafiya) are "Khafaa”, “baRaa”, “bhalaa”,
etc., while Sarwar's Ghazal has the qavaafee "barbaad”, “yaad”, “buniyaad", etc.
Notice that these words rhyme with each other. This is a requirement for qavaafee
words.
That is, non-rhyming words cannot be used as qaafiyaa in a Ghazal. Words that rhyme
(such as “bhalaa”, “kahaa”, “Khafaa”) are called "ham-qaafiyaa".
(c) matla: matla literally means the place something arises, or begins. The first
she’r of a Ghazal is called a matla, because it marks the beginning of the Ghazal.
Both misre of a matla must have qaafiya/radeef. That is, both misre of a matla are
"ham-qaafiyaa"
All ash’aar other than matla do not employ the qaafiyaa in the first misra.
(Note that the second matla must have qaafiya in both misre.)
A Ghazal may have more than one matla. In that case, the first matla is called the
" matla.e.avval” or “matla.e.oolaa", and the second matla is called the
"matla.e.saanee” or “Husn.e.matla". In Momin's Ghazal, sher # 1 is the
matla.e.avval, and sher #2 is the matla.e.saanee.
(d) maqta (meaning ending place). This is the last she’r of a Ghazal. It marks the
end of the Ghazal.
Often, the poet includes his "taKhallus" in the maqta. This is not a rule as such,
but most poets do follow convention and use their taKhallus in the maqta, and in
this way leave their "stamp" on their composition.
The takhallus could be anything. Some poets use their name as taKhallus; others
adopt a
pseudonym for this purpose. For example, Asadullah Khan used the taKhallus Ghalib,
and Muhammad Iqbal used the taKhallus Iqbal.
Here it seems appropriate to mention another term used in shaa’iree - "zameen".
One way to identify a Ghazal is through the combination of its radeef and
qaafiyaa, this is called "zameen". So, the zameen of Momin's Ghazal is "Khafaa
saaheb, baRaa saaheb". And for one of Ghalib's Ghazal " ko'ee din gar
zindigaanee aur hai", the zameen is said to be "zindigaanee aur hai, Thaanee aur
hai".
1.5 Special Features of Ghazal
The Ghazal stands apart from other poetic forms not only due to its particular
structural features, but also because the subjects it addresses, and its style of
expression -
"andaaz.e.bayaaN" - are special.
Each she’r of a Ghazal is complete and whole in itself, and is not dependent on any
other
she’r for its explication. Hence, it is quite possible that in a Ghazal one she’r is
about Love and Beauty, another ponders the Philosophy of Life, a third addresses
political issues, and a fourth talks about the transitoriness of worldly things. We
could say that every she’r of a Ghazal is a complete "mini-poem" by itself. Hence,
it is not required that all the ash’aar of a Ghazal be bound by commonality of ideas
or subject matter, or be the flow of a single thought.
This independence of ideas and topics in the ash’aar of a Ghazal becomes more
effective
if the ideas/topics of a Ghazal match its temperament. A very important
characteristic
of a Ghazal is its "daakhiliyat", meaning that the ideas and feelings expressed
must arise spontaneously from within the shaa’ir. That is why it is a shaair's duty
to attempt to internalize or personalize those subjects that are outside (i.e. those
matters that arise from stimulants that are external to the shaa’ir), and feel them
intensely, as if he were personally affected by the circumstances described in the
poetry.
In addition to "daakhiliyat", there is another important reason for the immense
popularity of Ghazals, and that is: the ability to lucidly describe the deepest
human emotions and the most complex or profound ideas in just two lines of a she’r!
This characteristic is called “ijaz.o.iKhtisaar” (inimitability and brevity). This
is the reason why Ghazal poets frequently use similes, metaphors, hints, analogies,
and symbolism in their compositions.
It is not a requirement that every she’r of a Ghazal be about a different subject.
It is quite possible that different aspects of the same topic be explored in the
entire Ghazal. “Ghazal.e.musalsal” is the name given to a Ghazal in which the same
basic idea or emotion is expressed in different ways.
Thus, a Ghazal.e.musalsal is like a rosary in which each bead recites the same basic
idea
or emotion. Hasrat Mohani's famous Ghazal - "chupke chupke raat din aaNsoo bahaana
yaad hai" - is a fine example of Ghazal.e.musalsal.
Here, it is appropriate to mention two more terms :
do.Ghazla: As the name suggests, this refers to two Ghazals in the same beHr and
zameen, with each one following the rules of matla and maqta.
qita-band: Sometimes, the poet may include within his Ghazal two (or more) ash’aar
that elaborate the same thought. Such a group of ashaa’r is called qita-band.
Usually, these are indicated in the Ghazal by the letter “q” at the first misra, so
that the reader may appreciate the continuity and flow of the thought. In the
example of Momin's Ghazal, sher #5 and 6 form a qita.
1.6 What is a Ghazal?
After this discussion, we can readily answer the question "What is a Ghazal?"
Ghazal is a collection of ash’aar, each composed of two misre, which follow the
rules
of radeef, qaafiyah, matla and maqta. Every she’r of a Ghazal must be in the same
beHr, and, generally, does not depend on any other she’r for its meaning; that is,
each she’r is a complete thought in itself. However, it is also valid to express the
same basic thought in various ways within a Ghazal, as we already discussed.
==========
Sarwar Alam Raz wrote:
> NIKAAT.e.SUKHAN # 1 : Sarwar A. Raz
>
.....
>
> 1.3 : Ghazal ke ma'nee :
>
> insaan ne apne Khayaalaat, meHsoosaat, tajrubaat aur mushaahidaat ke
> izhaar ke liye muKhtalif zuroof (vessels or vehicles) eejaad kiye
> haiN. agar ko'ee shaKhs raNg aur 'brush' ko apnaa zaria.e.izhaar
> banaaye to voh 'musavvir' kehlaataa hai; agar voh taal, sur aur
> saaz.o.aavaaz se kaam le to 'mooseeqaar' kehlaataa hai, aur agar voh
> alfaaz ko aik maKhsoos shakl meiN istaimaal kar ke kaaGhaz per jaadoo
> jagaaye to ham usko :shaa'ir: kehte haiN. isee liye Munshi Brij Narain
>
....
> Ghazal aise ash'aar kaa majmoo'a hai jo Khud do (2) misroN (lines) se
> tashkeel.pazeer hote haiN, aur jo radeef, qaafiye, matle' aur maqte'
> ke paabaNd hote haiN. Ghazal kaa her sher laaziman aik hee beHr meiN
> hotaa hai aur umooman apnee tashreeH ke liye doosre ash'aar kaa
> muHtaaj naheeN hotaa hai, goyaa her sher apnaa Khayaal alag rakhtaa
> hai. vaise Ghazal meiN aik hee Khayaal ke muKhtalif pehloo bayaan
> karne ke bhee ijaazat hai. tafseelaat ooper aa chukee haiN.
>
.....
>
>
> Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Amit Malhotra
You have done a great job by translating this article into english.
Really, ALUPers are so good :-)
Thank you so much
Amit Malhotra
p k swami
aapkaa article baRe shoq se paRha. Kaee aisi baateN saamne aaiiN
jinse
main navaaqif thaa. aap jis saadagi se tamaam pehloo par roshanee daal
raheN haiN,wo ek khaas asar rakhti hai aur baat aasaanee se samajh
meiN aa jaatee hai.
mere jaise mubtadi ke liye is tarah ke articles khaas madadgaar haiN.
difficult words ki dictionary shall prove to be a big help to
understand the
subject well.
agli posto kaa besabree se intzaar hai. Umeed hai jald hi aap ki
posts par
mushtamil ek kitaab tayyar ho jaayegi which we expect to serve as a
reference book on the subject.
I look forward to a methodical learning and request you to accept my
sincere thanks for your efforts which is worthy of praise and
admiration.
Regards. PK Swami
UVR
> for English readers...
>
>
>
> The Subtleties of Shaa'iree (Part 1)
> ===========================
Vasmi sahib,
Allow me to compliment you heartily on your excellent
translation of Sarwar sahib's article: absolutely
brilliant ...
... WOW
-UVR.
Padmanabhan Srinagesh
Vasmi Sahib for the translation.
Warm regards,
Nagesh
"p k swami" <sanja...@bol.net.in> wrote in message
news:b19e2e.02040...@posting.google.com...
Sarwar Alam Raz
> Sarwar Saab aadaab.
>
> aapkaa article baRe shoq se paRha. Kaee aisi baateN saamne aaiiN
> jinse
> main navaaqif thaa.
Swami jee aadaab
himmat.afzaa'ee aur muHabbat ke liye mamnoon hooN. aap kee taraH
doosre logoN ne bhee mazmoon pasand kiyaa hai. aap sab kaa shukriya!
nikaat.e.shKhan kee doosree qist bhee post kar chukaa hooN. us per aap
logoN ke ta'assuraat dekh looN to aage baRhooN. ab baat bohat
technical ho gayee hai aur yeh maloom honaa zarooree hai k maiN apnaa
matlab saaf taur per samjhaa sakaa hooN k naheeN. aglee qist meiN
chand mash'hoor beHroN kaa zikr hogaa aur phir is beHs ko aur aage
baRhaayaa jaa saktaa hai- jaisaa alupers chaaheN.
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
UVR
>
> 1.1 : Harf.e.avval
>
> kuChh din pehle Amit Malhotra saaheb ne yahaaN per Urdu shaa'iree meiN
> istaimaal hone vaalee :beHroN: per ma'loomaat kee darKhwaast kee thee.
[snipped]
For the convenience of those ALUPers who find it difficult
to read large segments of prose transcribed in Roman-Urdu
*AND* would prefer prefer reading this article in the Hindi
script, a printable version in Devanagari is available for
download at:
http://uvr.tripod.com/i-nikaat-1.pdf (Adobe PDF format)
http://uvr.tripod.com/i-nikaat-1.ps (Postscript format)
These documents were generated using (the famous) ITRANS. For
more information on ITRANS, visit
http://www.aczone.com/itrans/
Please note that while the attempt was to keep the content of
the article the same as that written by Sarwar Raz saahib, since
it was fully re-transcribed using ITRANS, it is possible for
errors to have crept in due to my abilities as a transliterator
(or the lack thereof). In case of doubt, please always refer
to the original Roman-Urdu article for clarification.
UVR.
UVR
>
> For the convenience of those ALUPers who find it difficult
> to read large segments of prose transcribed in Roman-Urdu
> *AND* would prefer prefer reading this article in the Hindi
Go to http://uvr.tripod.com/
Ignore the other link(s) posted earlier.
[deletia]