nikaat.e.suKhan #8: Ghalat.ul.awaam aur Ghalat.ul.aam
Sarwar Alam Raz
nikaat.e.suKhan kee pehlee Chhe (6) qistoN meiN Urdu shaa'iree meiN
musta'mil buHoor, aur muKhtalif aroozee masaa'il per mufassil guftugoo
kee gayee thee. qist #7 se shaa'iree ke doosre pehluoN per beHs kaa
silsila shuroo' kiyaa gayaa hai aur zer.e.nazar qist #8 is silsile ko
aage baRhaa rahee hai.
jab.k qist #7 meiN qavaafee kee jumla baareekiyoN aur un ke
muqtaziyaat per raushanee Daalee gayee thee, is qist meiN Urdu
shaa'iree meiN dar aane vaale muKhtalif naqaa'is par izhaar.e.Khayaal
kaa silsila ChheRaa jaa rahaa hai. ummeed hai k qaari'een ko in
mazaameen se Hasb.e.saabiq faa'ida poNhche.gaa aur voh nikaat.e.suKhan
ko apnee she'ree kaavishoN meiN istaimaal kar sakeNge.
ulamaa.e.sher.o.adab aur asaatiza ne shaa'iree meiN GhalatiyoN aur
naqaa'is kee aik kaseer ta'daad kee nishaan.dehee kee hai aur in kee
darja.bandee bhee karne kee koshish kee hai. choN.k shaa'iree bahar
Haal :science: naheeN bal.k aik fun hai aisee sab koshishoN se
murattib kiye hue usool :patthar kee lakeer: naheeN haiN.in meiN
muKhtalif qism kee istisnaa'ee soorateN hamesha nikaltee rahee hain.
asaatiza se bhee Ghalatiyaan huee haiN aur doosroN ne un kee
nishaan.dehee bhee kar dee hai. kisee ustaad.e.fun se kisee Ghalatee
kaa sudoor is kaa javaaz naheeN hai k ham bhee daanistah voh Ghalatee
kar sakte haiN aur us kee sanad meiN asaatiza kee Ghalatee pesh kar
sakte haiN.
har shaa'ir per yeh farz aa'id hotaa hai k voh Hattul.imkaan apne
kalaam ko un aGhlaat se paak.o.saaf rakhne kee koshish kare jo
musallima taur per naa.qaaabil.e.qubool maanee jaatee haiN. ham jis
qadar is zimn meiN meHnat kareN.ge usee qadar hamaaree taKhleeqaat
behter aur saHeeH hoNgee.
qaari'een se darKhwaast hai k voh raaqim.ul.Huroof ko apnee
besh.qeemat raa'e aur mashvaroN se aagaah rakheN, naye mozoo'aat
tajveez kareN jin per aa'indah guftugoo kee jaa sake aur us ko jumla
GhalatiyoN se aagaah kareN taa.k mazaameen meiN ko'ee ishkaal yaa jhol
na reh jaaye. maiN un sab Hazraat.o.Khawaateen kaa intihaa'ee mamnoon
hooN jinhoN ne ab tak meree himmat afzaa'ee kee hai aur muKhtalif
tareeqoN se mujh ko is kaam kee raah per gaamzan rehne meiN madad,
dil.joo'ee aur muaa'vinat se surKhroo kiyaa hai. shukriya!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
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nikaat.e.suKhan # 8: Ghalat.ul.awaam aur Ghalat.ul.aam
8.1: ibtidaa'iyah
aap ne :Ghalat.ul.aam: aur :Ghalat.ul.awaam: kee istilaaHaat to sunee
hee hoNgee. agar naheeN sunee haiN to ab sun leejiye! is qist meiN in
se tafseelee beHs kee jaayegee. in istilaaHaat ko isee mazmoon meiN
aage chal kar vaazeH kar diyaa gayaa hai.
nikaat.e.suKhan kee qist #7 ke saath Urdu shaa'iree ke un pehlu'oN kee
jaanib tavajjuh dee jaa rahee hai jin kaa ta'alluq, arooz ke ilaava,
shaa'iree meiN doosre naqaa'is se hai. jis taraH har fun meiN kamaal
Haasil karne ke liye kuChh pemaane banaaye gaye haiN usee taraH
shaa'iree meiN bhee kuChh pemaane aur me'yaar mu'aiyyan kiye gaye haiN
jin meiN muKhtalif iqsaam kee GhalatiyoN se apnaa daamaan paak rakhnaa
bhee shaamil hai.
in aGhlaat kee nishaan.dehee baRee tafseel se ulamaa.e.she'r.o.adab ne
kar dee hai aur un ke muzmiraat aur rumooz se ham ko aChhee taraH
aagaah bhee kar diyaa hai. hamaare liye zarooree hai k in naqaa'is aur
aGhlaat kee ma'loomaat Haasil kareN aur phir in kee raushanee meiN
apne kalaam kaa Khud hee iHtisaab kareN taa.k voh saaf suthraa aur
GhalatiyoN se paak hokar behtar ho aur qubool.e.aam Haasil kare. is
beHs meiN yeh yaad rakhnaa zarooree hai k her :Ghalat.ul.aam: faseeH
naheeN huaa kartaa hai, chunaanche faseeH aur Ghair.faseeH aGhlaat kee
pehchaan aur un kee islaaH kaa ilm bhee zer.e.nazar mazmoon kaa aik
maqsad hai.
yeh to zaahir hai k aik muKhtasar mazmoon meiN (Khusoosan
raaqim.ul.Huroof kee kam.ilmee ke pesh.e.nazar) mas'ale ke her
mumkinah pehloo kaa aHaatah karna naa.mumkin hai. phir bhee jo kuChh
mumkin ho sakaa hai voh pesh.e.Khidmat hai. ummeed hai k aap is ko
usee faraaKhdilee se qubool kareNge jo ab tak in mazaameen ke silsile
meiN aap kee jaanib se dikhaayee jaatee rahee hai.
8.2: Ghalatee.haa'e mazaameeN:
Mirza Ghalib kaa mash'hoor she'r hai k :
Ghalatee.haa'e.mazaameeN mat pooChh
log naaley ko rasaa baaNdhte haiN!
zaahir hai k yahaan :rasaa: ke ma'nee :voh jis kee poNhach apnee
manzil tak ho: haiN. isee se lafz :rasaa'ee: ba.ma'nee :poNhach: banaa
hai. aik saaheb nihaayat saNjeedigee se doosre misre ko yooN paRhte
haiN :
log naaley ko rassaa baaNdhte haiN! (rassaa = rope)
isee taraH aik meHfil.e.mushaa'ira meiN aik shaa'ir ne lafz :Hashr:
(qiyaamat) ko :Hashar: (sheen par zabar) baaNdhaa thaa aur jhoom jhoom
kar voh apnaa she'r Ghalat talaffuz ke saath sunaa rahe the. doosree
jaanib se un ke aik maddaaH un ke hee taraH jhoom jhoom kar yooN daad
de rahe the k :
:vaah saaheb, vaah! kamaal kar diyaa! she'r sun kar maiN to bohat hee
:maKhtoot: huaa!:
yeh zaahir hai k unhoN ne :meHzooz: (meem, Hey, zoe, vav, zoe) ke
nuqte paRhne meiN Ghalatee kee thee aur us ko apnee daanist meiN
:maKhtoot: (meem, Khey, toe, vav, toe) samajh beThe the!
yeh misaaleN to aisee GhalatiyoN kee haiN jo logoN se un kee kam.ilmee
yaa be.ilmee kee vajh se sarzad ho jaatee haiN, aur shaayad isee vajh
se qaabil.e.muaafee haiN. phir bhee is meiN to ko'ee shak naheeN hai k
aisee aGhlaat kaa Urdu nasr yaa nazm meiN istaimaal kisee soorat se
qaabil.e.qubool mutasavvur naheeN ho saktaa hai.
is qism kee GhalatioN ke ilaava kuChh aise alfaaz bhee Khaasee ta'daad
meiN mojood haiN jo aam taur se apne Ghalat talaffuz yaa Ghalat ma'nee
meiN mash'hoor.o.musta'mil haiN, aur in ko na sirf avaam aur kam paRhe
likhe log hee be.jhijhak istaimaal karte haiN bal.k bohat se :paRhe
likhe: asHaab bhee inheN istaimaal karne meiN ko'ee takalluf meHsoos
naheeN karte haiN.
maslan lafz :mashkoor: kaa matlab hai :voh shaKhs jis kaa shukriya
adaa kiyaa jaa'e:. shukriya adaa karne vaalaa :shaakir, shukr.guzaar,
mamnoon: vaGhaira kehlaataa hai. lekin ham dekhte haiN k log kisee kaa
shukriya adaa karte haiN to kehte haiN k :maiN aap kaa bohat mashkoor
hooN: jo saraasar Ghalat hai!
ba'z auqaat aisee GhalatiyaaN mazHaka.khez soorat.e.Haal pedaa kar
detee hai. logoN ke naamoN meiN aisee GhalatiaaN aksar nazar aatee
haiN. zel meiN chaNd aise naam diye jaate haiN jin se Khud
raaqim.ul.Huroof kaa paalaa paR chukaa hai:
Masjood Husain : voh shaKhs jis ko Husain (PaiGhambar.e. Islam ke
navaase) sajda kareN!
(yeh aur arz kartaa chalooN k agar yeh naam apne ma'nee meiN qadrey
muKhtalif bhee hotaa, jaise Sajid Husain ya'nee Husain ko sajda karne
vaalaa, to bhee qata'ee naa.qaabil.e.qubool hotaa kyoN.k Islamee usool
ke liHaaz se Allah ke sivaa kisee aur ko sajdah karne kee bilkul
ijaazat naheeN hai!)
Ma'bood Ahmad : voh shaKhs jis kee Ahmad (yeh PaiGhambar.e.Islam kaa
doosraa naam hai) ibaadat kare.
(yeh naam to Islamee rivaayaat ke pesh.e.nazar aur bhee :gayaa-guzraa:
hai!)
Shams ul Qamar : chaaNd kaa sooraj (subHan.Allah!)
Qamr un Nahaar : bharee dopahar kaa chaaNd. (yeh naam Bangladesh meiN
laRkiyoN ke liye bohat aam hai.)
Abdul Sajid : aise shaKhs kaa baNdaa jo Khud Allah ko sajda kartaa ho.
(goyaa Ghulaam.e.GhulaamaaN!)
yeh mas'ala roz.marrah kee zindigee meiN to aisaa aham naheeN hai aur
kaam chal hee jaataa hai. magar jab baat she'r.o.adab kee ho to phir
zabaan.o.bayaan kee nazaakateN aur baareekiyaaN bohat aham aur in kaa
iHtiraam naa.guzeer ho jaataa hai, neez qavaa'ed kee paabaNdee bhee
usee qadar laazim mutasavvur hotee hai. Khusoosan nazm meiN
zabaan.o.bayaan ke iltizaamaat aur taqaazoN se daaman bachaanaa
naa.mumkin ho jaataa hai aur ChhoTee see Ghalatee bhee baRee nazar
aatee hai.
8.3: chand istilaaHaat aur vazaaHateN
zer.e.nazar mazmoon meiN aise alfaaz aur fiqroN par guftugoo maqsood
hai jo log yaa to be.ilmee meiN aadataN Ghalat istaimaal karte haiN
yaa jaante.boojhte aise alfaaz ke istaimaal meiN takalluf meHsoos
naheeN karte haiN. is silsile meiN do istilaaHaat kee ta'reef mazmoon
kee vazaaHat meiN muaa'vin hoN.gee :
(1) Ghalat.ul.avaam : ya'nee voh alfaaz, fiqre aur muHaavare jo avaam
laa.ilmee yaa kam.ilmee kee vajh se Ghalat istaimaal karte haiN.
ahl.e.ilm ke liye aise alfaaz aur fiqre she'r.o.adab meiN
qaabil.e.qubool naheeN haiN aur in se iHtiraaz zarooree samjhaa jaataa
hai.
(2) Ghalat.ul.aam : ya'nee voh alfaaz, fiqre aur muHaavare jin ke aam
taur par Ghalat istaimaal meiN avaam ke ilaava :paRhe likhe: log bhee
shaamil haiN.
in alfaaz.o.taraakeeb meiN ba'z aise bhee haiN jo :Ghalat.ul.aam
faseeH: kee ta'reef meiN aate haiN, ya'nee yeh voh alfaaz.o.taraakeeb
haiN jo aam taur se apne Ghalat talaffuz yaa ma'nee meiN musta'mil
haiN lekin kasrat.e.istaimaal yaa asHaab.e.ilm.o.zabaan kee qubooliyat
kee binaa par zabaan.o.bayaan meiN daaKhil ho gaye haiN aur ab
darja.e.fasaaHat par faa'iz haiN.
is marHale par :fasaaHat: kee ta'reef munaasib ma'loom hotee hai.
(:fasaaHat: aur :balaaGhat: per kisee aur moqe' per mufassil guftugoo
hogee. yahaaN :fasaaHat: kee muKhtasar ta'reef denee maqsood hai):
:fasaaHat: kee mujmil ta'reef yeh hai k :lafz, fiqre yaa muHaavare ko
is taraH istaimaal kiyaa jaaye jaise mustanad ahl.e.zabaan likhte yaa
bolte haiN. Seemaab Akbarabadi ne apne aik she'r meiN is ta'reef ko
yooN bayaan kiyaa hai:
maiN faseeH.ul.kalaam hooN Seemaab
saaf suthraa kalaam hai meraa!
zaahir hai k ahl.e.zabaan kaa tareeqa naapne kaa ko'ee mustaqil
pemaana naheeN banaayaa jaa saktaa hai kyoN.k zabaan vaqt, Haalaat
vaGhaira ke saath badaltee rehtee hai. chunaanche :fasaaHat: kaa
tasavvur aur alfaaz aur fiqroN kaa faseeH yaa Ghair.faseeH qaraar
diyaa jaanaa bhee zamaane ke saath badal saktaa hai.
is tamheed ke baat ab nafs.e.mazmoon kee jaanib tavajjuh kee jaatee
hai.
8.4: Urdu meiN Arabee aur Farsi alfaaz
yeh baat kisee suboot kee muHtaaj naheeN hai k Urdu zabaan meiN Arabee
aur Farsi ke bohat se alfaaz musta'mil haiN. in alfaaz ko moTe-moTe
teen giroHoN meiN munqasim kiyaa jaa saktaa hai :
(1) aise alfaaz jin meiN kisee qism kee lafzee yaa ma'nvee tabdeelee
naheeN kee gayee hai, ya'nee yeh Urdu meiN aakar bhee Arabee yaa Farsi
kee apnee asl sahkl aur ma'nee meiN musta'mil haiN, maslan:
alam (=dukh), raqam (=likhnaa), maslak (=tareeqa), duniyaa vaGhaira.
aise sab alfaaz Urdu nazm.o.nasr ke muKhtalif asaaleeb meiN
be.takalluf istaimaal kiye jaa sakte haiN.
(2) aise alfaaz jin meiN kisee qism kee lafzee tabdeelee kar ke Urdu
meiN istaimaal kiyaa jaataa hai. yeh tabdeelee a'raab (zabar, zer,
pesh vaGhaira) aur hai'at (shakl) donoN kee ho saktee hai. maslan:
:Half: (=pledge) ko :Halaf:
:Harf: (=letter) ko :Haraf:
:deevaanah: ko :divaanah:
keh diyaa jaataa hai. bohat se alfaaz kaa talaffuz badal diyaa gayaa
hai maslan:
:mausim: (season)ko :mausam:
:moqif: (stand or point of view) ko :moqaf:
:moqi': (occasion) ko :moqa:
:molid: (jaa.e.paidaa'ish) ko :molad:
likh diyaa jaataa hai. yeh Ghalat talaffuz is qadar aam ho gaye haiN k
in ko :Ghalat.ul.aam: kaa darja mil gayaa hai. aap Khud hee sochiye
kitne log haiN jo yeh jaante bhee haiN k asl lafz :mausam: naheeN
bal.k :mausim: hai? yehee Haal kuChh aur alfaaz kaa bhee hai. un kaa
saHeeH aur Ghalat talaffuz neeche diyaa jaa rahaa hai:
:saiyyid: = sardaar : ko umooman :saiyyad: kahaa jaataa hai
:jaiyyid: = zabar.dast : ko umooman :jaiyyad: kahaa jaataa hai.
:maiyyit: = dead body : ko umooman :maiyyat: keh dete haiN.
aise beshtar alfaaz bhee :Ghalat.ul.aam faseeH: kee ta'reef meiN aate
haiN.
(3) aise alfaaz jo Arabee aur Farsi se Urdu meiN muntaqil hote hue
kisee ma'navee tabdeelee kaa shikaar ho gaye haiN, ya'nee apnee asl
zabaan meiN un ke ma'nee kuChh aur the lekin Urdu meiN voh doosre
ma'noN meiN istaimaal kiye jaate haiN. chaNd misaaleN darj.e.zel haiN
:
:taraddud:, Arabee meiN :aamad.o.raft: ke liye bolaa jaataa hai aur
Urdu meiN :fikr.o.tashveesh: ke liye.
:Khiffat:, Arabee meiN :kisee cheez kaa halkaa honaa: ke ma'nee meiN
hai, aur Urdu meiN :sharmindigee: ke liye musta'mil hai.
:Ghurbat:, Arabee meiN :vatan se dooree: ke liye aur Urdu meiN isee
ma'nee ke ilaava :muflisee: ke liye bhee musta'mil hai.
:raa'igaaN:, Farsi meiN :muft, be.daam: aur Urdu meiN :bekaar: ke
ma'noN meiN liyaa jaataa hai.
:jahaaz:, Arabee meiN :saaz.o.saamaan: aur Urdu meiN :kashtee: ke liye
musta'mil hai.
:auzaar:, Arabee meiN yeh jama' (plural) hai aur :bhaaree bojh: ke
ma'nee rakhtaa hai lekin Urdu meiN vaaHid aur jama' donoN taraH
musta'mil hai, neez :aalaat: ke ma'nee meiN istaimaal hotaa hai.
8.5: kuChh aur chaahiye vus'at mire bayaaN ke liye!
in teenoN iqsaam ke ilaava Urdu meiN bohat se alfaaz aise bhee haiN jo
ahl.e.Urdu kee apnee iKhtiraa' aur eejaad haiN. unhoN ne Farsi aur
Arabee ke qaa'idoN ko Hindustaanee alfaaz par istaimaal kar ke naye
alfaaz banaaye haiN jo aam taur se bole aur likhe jaate haiN aur jin
kee fasaaHat aur adab.o.she'r meiN un ke istaimaal ke javaaz yaa
adam.javaaz kee jaanib ko'ee Khaas tavajjuh naheeN kee jaatee hai.
isee taraH sekRoN aise alfaaz bhee haiN jo Urdu kee zaroorat ke
liHaaz se taraash liye gaye haiN aur ab voh zabaan.o.adab kaa Hissa ho
kar reh gaye haiN. in alfaaz se bhee aksar.o.beshtar ta'arruz naheeN
kiyaa jaataa hai. aise alfaaz kee chand misaaleN neeche dee jaa rahee
haiN:
(a) kuChh alfaaz Arabee aur Farsi ke alfaaz meiN yaa.e.ma'roof
(ChhoTee ye) lagaa kar nayee shakl meiN Dhaal liye gaye haiN jab.k
aise naye alfaaz kaa matlab apnee asl shakl se muKhtalif naheeN hai,
maslan:
:Ghalat se Ghalatee:
:taGhaaful: se :taGhaafulee:
:tuGhyaan: se :tuGhyaanee:
:adaa: se :adaa'ee:, vaGhaira.
saaf zaahir hai k in alfaaz kee tabdeel.shudah sooratoN ke baGhair
bhee kaam ba.Khoobee chal saktaa thaa aur is :ijtiHaad: kee ko'ee
Khaas zaroorat naheeN thee.
(b) in se ziyaadah dilchasp voh alfaaz haiN jo ba.zaat.e.Khud jama'
(plural) haiN lekin avaam phir bhee un meiN kabhee kabhee :vav aur
noon.e.Ghunaa: milaa kar :jama' kee jama': banaane se baaz naheeN aate
haiN, maslan:
:aGhyaar: se :aGhyaaroN:
:kuffaar: se :kuffaroN:
:arvaaH: se :arvaaHoN:
:a'maal: se :a'maaloN:
:aasaar: se :aasaaroN:, vaGhaira.
zaahir hai k yeh saare alfaaz Ghair.faseeH haiN aur in kaa
she'r.o.adab meiN istaimaal naa.qaabil.e.qubool hai.
(c) Arabee meiN alfaaz kee jama' banaane kaa aik tareeqa yeh hai k
lafz ke aaKhir meiN :alif, tey: baRhaa dete haiN. Urdu vaaloN ne in se
milte julte bohat se alfaaz isee tareeqe ko istaimaal karte hue
maqaamee alfaaz se taraash liye haiN aur ab voh
zabaaN.zad.e.aam.o.Khaas ho kar reh gaye haiN, maslan:
:jaageer: se :jaageeraat:
:bohat: se :bohtaat:
:baaGh: se :baaGhaat:
:deh: se :dehaat:
:jahaaz: se :jahaazaat:, vaGhaira.
:lavaazim: (zarooriaat) se :lavaazimaat:
:eHkaam: (Hukm kee jama') se :eHkaamaat: vaGhaira.
(d) bohat se alfaaz voh haiN jo :chooN chooN kaa murabba: kahe jaa
sakte haiN aur hamaaree zarooratoN ke liHaaz se banaa liye gaye haiN.
in kaa aik Hissa kabhee kabhee Arabee yaa Farsi hotaa hai aur doosraa
:desi:. ham aap in ko rozaana hee be.takalluf istaimaal karte haiN aur
in meiN se aksar sher.o.adab kaa Hissa bhee ban gaye haiN. chand
misaaleN dekhiye:
lafzee, Harfee, ghamanDee, peshgee, josheelaa, taraHdaar, vaza'daar,
samajhdaar, taabe'daar, shoqeen, buzdilaa, asraanah (seh pehr kaa
naashta), ishaa'iyah (raat kaa khaanaa), Khushaamadee, vaGhaira.
(e) kuChh alfaaz aise bhee haiN jo Farsi yaa Arabee ke tareeqoN par
mabnee qiyaas se banaa liye gaye haiN aur ab aam taur par musta'mil
haiN. yeh zaroor hai k ahl.e.zabaan in ko istaimaal karte hue iHtiyaat
barat.tey haiN k Arabee aur Farsi taraakeeb meiN inehN na istaimaal
kiyaa jaaye, lekin is kee paabandee bhee saKhtee se naheeN hotee hai.
alfaaz ke istaimaal kaa aam usool yeh hai k she'r.o.adab meiN
:Ghalat.ul.avaam: alfaaz, fiqroN aur muHaavaroN se mutlaq parhez kiyaa
jaaye lekin :Ghalat.ul.aam faseeH: alfaaz ke istaimaal meiN ko'ee
muzaa'iqa naheeN hai, jab.k :Ghalat.ul.aam Ghair.faseeH: (maslan
:mashkoor: ba.ma'nee :mamnoon:) ma'yoob aur qaabil.e.tark hai.
8.5: Khudaa se kyaa sitam.o.jaur.e.naaKhudaa kahiye!
is saaree beHs kaa aik nihaayat dilchasp pehloo yeh hai k bohat se
:Ghalat.ul.avaam: aur :Ghalat.ul.aam Ghair.faseeH: alfaaz asaatiza ke
yahaaN nazar aa jaate haiN. in ko dekh kar Hairat hotee hai k aisaa
kyoN kiyaa gayaa hai. ba'z maqaamaat par aisee faash Ghalatee nazar
aatee hai k asaatiza ke maqaam kaa liHaaz karte hue sivaa'e Khaamoshee
ko'ee aur chaara naheeN reh jaataa hai. zel meiN chand misaaleN dee
jaa rahee haiN jo Molana Hasrat Mohani kee kitaab :nikaat.e.suKhan: se
lee gayee haiN:
(1) Khudaa.e.suKhan Mir Taqi Mir ko dekhiye k kyaa kehte haiN:
taaboot miraa der uThaa us kee galee se
isbaat huaa jurm.e.muHabbat kaa isee se
in tuyoroN se hooN maiN bhee agar aatee hai sabaa
baaGh ke chaaroN taraf aag lagaa dete haiN
:isbaat huaa: ya'nee :saabit huaa: avaam kaa muHaavara hai. isee taraH
:tuyoor: jama' hai :taa'ir: (parindah) kee chunaache :tuyoroN: kehnaa
isee taraH Ghalat aur ma'yoob hai jaise :sho'raaoN: yaa :ulmaa'oN:
likhnaa!
isee taraH dekhiye Sauda kyaa keh rahe haiN!
too to is ma'nee se kyaa shaad huaa hovegaa
pooChiye ahl.e.diloN se k voh kyaa karte haiN!
tujh ko faqat chiraaGh.e.shaam, DhooNDhe naheeN hai gahr.ba.ghar
phirtee hai baad.e.subHgaah, Khaana.ba.Khaana, koo.ba.koo!
is chashm kaa Ghamza jo kare qatl.e.do.aalam
goshey ko nigah ke naheeN parvaah kisee kee
pehle she'r meiN :ahl.e.dil: kee jagah :ahl.e.diloN: hai jo bilkul
avaamee zabaan hai aur isee liye Ghalat!
doosre she'r meiN :ghar ghar: kee jagah :ghar.ba.ghar: baaNdhaa hai.
yeh bhee Ghalat.ul.avaam hai aur naa.qqabil.e.qubool maanaa jaataa
hai.
teesre she'r meiN :parvaah: likhaa gayaa hai jab.k asl lafz :parvaa:
hai (baGhair hey ke). yeh bhee avaam kee zabaan hai aur ahl.e.zabaan
is se parhez karte haiN. Ghalib kehte haiN k:
na sitaayish kee tamannaa, na siley kee parvaa
gar naheeN haiN mire ash'aar meiN ma'nee na sahee!
Ghalat.ul.avaam kee chand aur misaaleN Haazir.e.Khidmat haiN:
na phool ab is qadar bulbul guloN kee aashnaa'ee par
k ab ahe.e.chaman haNste haiN teree aHmaqaa'ee par! (Shah
Hatim)
maiN dekhaa Khaak thaa baatin meiN jooN chob.e.kiram.Khurdah
ba.zaahir garche nazroN meiN tiraa beemaar behtar thaa
(Qa'im Chandpuri)
bas kar sitam.eejaad k aalam meiN qiyaamat
barpaa hai tire dast.e.tazallum se ziyaadah (Shah Naseer)
daaman.e.gul se bhee halkaa vazan.e.daaman hai
is pe bhee baar usey ik shikan.e.daaman hai (Tanveer
Dehlavi)
jazba.e.dil ne mire kuChh to karee hai taaseer
phir huee un kee jo altaaf.o.inaayaat shuroo' (Tanveer
Dehlavi)
nazar.e.lutf.o.karam aur hai aGhyaaroN per
zulm kee aur nigaaheN haiN vafaa.daaroN per (Ashiq Dehlavi)
pehlee misaal meiN Shah Hatim jaise ustaad.e.fun :Humq: (aHmaq.pan)
kee jagah :aHmaqaa'ee: likh rahe haiN jo bilkul avaamee lafz hai aur
saraasar Ghair faseeH!
doosre she'r meiN Qa'im Chandpuri :kiram KhurdaH: baaNdh rahe haiN
jab.k saHeeH lafz :kirm Khurdah: (ya'nee :jis ko keeRe khaa gaye hoN:)
hai! yeh bhee Ghalat.ul.avaam hai aur is liye ma'yoob!
Shah Naseer :zulm: kee bajaaye :tazallum: likhte haiN jo Ghalat hai.
is se aage jaaiye to Tanveer Dehlavi :vazan: (ze par zabar ke saath)
likh rahe haiN HaalaaN.k saHeeH lafz :vazn: (ze saakin) hai! agle
she'r meiN Tanveer :kee: kee bajaaye :karee: likhte haiN aur yeh
:Ghalat.ul.awaam: hai.
Ashiq Dehlavi :aGhyaar: kee jagah :aGhyaaroN: nazm karte haiN jo
Ghalat.ul.avaam hai aur Ghair.faseeH hee naheeN bal.k
naa.qaabil.e.qubool bhee hai!
is qism kee GhalatiyaaN ChhoTe shaa'iroN se sarzad ho jaayen to aik
baat hai lekin jab asaatiza is laGhzish ke murtakib hoN to taraH taraH
ke Khayaalaat dil meiN aate haiN. dekhiye aur chand sho'raa,
ba.shamool.e.Mirza Khan Dagh Dehlavi, kyaa kehte haiN:
a'daa ke ta'ashshuq meiN sabhee kuChh hai gaNvaayaa
pehlaa saa voh andaaz.o.adaa naaz kahaaN hai
(Ashiq Dehlavi)
shakl.e.aslee se kabhee raNg tabaddul na huaa
GhuNcha gul ho ke khilaa, gul kabhee bulbul na huaa (Dagh
Dehlavi)
pehle she'r meiN :ishq: kee jagah :ta'ashshuq: aur doosre meiN
:tabdeelee: kee bajaaye :tabaddul: avaam kee zabaan hai.
Dagh ke is she'r per Hasrat Mohani ne yooN tanqeed kee hai:
:tabdeel: ke bajaaye :tabaddul: juhalaa kee zabaan hai. ta'ajjub hai k
Dagh ne is ko kyoN.kar jaa'iz kiyaa!:
Hafiz Jaunpuri ke do ash'aar aur sun leejiye :
yeh sunte the tark.e.muHabbat hai mushkil
ba.jabran magar us ko bhee kar ke dekhaa (Hafiz Jaunpuri)
:ba.jabran: ko :jabran: kee jagah likhnaa saHeeH naheeN hai!
ajal kee be.ruKhee ne maar Daalaa
taveel.e.zindigee ne maar Daalaa (Hafiz Jaunpuri)
"tool.e.zindigee: saHeeH hai aur :taveel.e.zindigee: saraasar
Ghalat.ul.avaam!
8.6: iKhtitaamiyah
darj.e.baalaa beHs.o.tamhees se Ghalat.ul.aam, Ghalat.ul.aam-faseeH
aur Ghalat.ul.awaam ke farq kee vazaaHat maqsood hai. is farq ko
samajhnaa aur phir is kaa apnee shaa'iree meiN istaimaal karnaa
taKhleeqaat ke Husn aur me'yaar donoN meiN izaafe kaa baa'is hogaa aur
unheN GhalatiyoN se paak rakhne meiN muaavin bhee hogaa. agar asaatiza
ke yahaaN ba'z auqaat aisee hee ko'ee Ghalatee nazar aa jaaye to us
kee taqleed karnaa aur Ghalatul.awaam ko saHeeH samajh leney kaa
javaaz naheeN hai. asaatiza kee taqleed kaa matlab un se sarzad hone
vaalee aGhlaat kee peravee karnaa hargiz naheeN hai.
iraadat kesh
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Yogesh Sethi
All of your articles in this series are excellent but I found this one
particularly interesting. For one thing this is not a subject that can
be easily looked up in books and to my knowledge no one else has
discussed it on the net. Your scholarly handling of the material makes
it even more valuable. I hope you will expand on it in future
installments.
Why do you think that some of the old masters took liberty with such
words? Is it an effort to legitimize them or is it an expression of
rebellion against the rigidity of the meter? I can't believe that they
did not know any better or could not have found an alternate
'ba.ndish'. There has to be a more compelling reason!
Thank you for enlightening us on this subject and I look forward to
your next installment.
Regards,
Yogesh
sarw...@yahoo.com (Sarwar Alam Raz) wrote in message news:<267193df.02061...@posting.google.com>...
Sarwar Alam Raz
> Sarwar sahib aadaab:
>
> All of your articles in this series are excellent but I found this one
> particularly interesting. For one thing this is not a subject that can
> be easily looked up in books and to my knowledge no one else has
> discussed it on the net. Your scholarly handling of the material makes
> it even more valuable. I hope you will expand on it in future
> installments.
Yogesh saaheb: namaste!
Thank you so much for your words of encouragement. I am glad that you
liked the article. I will try to keep the series going as best I can.
Hopefully it will remain useful for its readers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Why do you think that some of the old masters took liberty with such
> words? Is it an effort to legitimize them or is it an expression of
> rebellion against the rigidity of the meter? I can't believe that they
> did not know any better or could not have found an alternate
> 'ba.ndish'. There has to be a more compelling reason!
I wish I could offer a definitive answer to your question. Your guess
is as good as mine as to the reasons behind the liberty taken by the
masters in the matter under consideration. May be it is a combination
of all the reasons you have indicated- and may be it is not. I have no
idea. Anything I say will be pure speculation!
I do wish that some of the experienced and well-read alupers will join
me in this type of effort. There is so much to say, discuss, and
share. Time may be a constraint but perhaps once in a while things can
be attempted?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Thank you for enlightening us on this subject and I look forward to
> your next installment.
I am grateful to you and to everyone else for their interest and
appreciation of my small efforts. Thanks!!!!!!!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
Zafar
aap kaa baRee mehnat se murattab karda mazmoon paRhaa. Khudaa-lagtee
to ye hai k aap kee mehnat qaabil e daad hai aur tamaam ALUPers ke
shukirye kee mustahiq!
aik kamee albata mehsoos hu'vee k aap ne "fasaahat" kee ko'yee
ta'areef naheeN dee. mere Khayaal se Ghair-faseeh aur Ghalat ul aam ke
mas'ale ko samajhne ke liye fasaahat kaa ma'ayaar aur hudood muta'een
karnaa bai-had zarooree hai. kyaa faseeh hai aur kyaa naheeN? kyaa jo
ahl e zabaan bolte haiN vo faseeh hai? yaa jo Ghair-ahl e zabaan --
lekin maahir e zabaan -- bole, vo faseeh qaraar paa'ye gaa?
niaaz-mand,
Zafar
PS. maiN ne kal bhee is laRee par likhaa thaa lekin vo jaane kahaaN
"Ghat-rabood" ho gayaa! :)
Sarwar Alam Raz
Zafar saaheb aadaab!
mazmoon pasand karne kaa shukriya! aap kee Khayaal durust hai k mujh
ko fasaaHat per kuChh izhaar.e.Khayaal karnaa chaahiye thaa. dar.asl
maiN ne sochaa thaa k aglee qist meiN fasaaHat aur balaaGhat per
muKhtasr roshnee Daal dooNgaa. Khair ab sahee. koshish karooN.gaa k
qiast #9 is kamee ko pooraa kar de.
apnee navaazisheN isee taraH qaayam rakhiye!
Sarwar Raz :Sarwar:
azeem...@yahoo.com
Naseer
> salaaam aap ko by the Arabic nahee aati coz mausamil nahee hota balkeh Mustamal hota hai
zaraa apnii baat kii vazaaHat kar diijiye gaa, janaab. aap kii baRii
navaazish ho gii aur saath hii, Insha Allah, aap ko tasalli-baxsh
javaab bhii mil jaa'e gaa.
Naseer
Naseer
subsequently I, have been able to contribute to this thread that was
begin in June 2002, in September 2012!!?
Naseer
Afzal A. Khan
threads are available on Google Groups. You yourself have been
accessing them all the time. Janaab-e-'Azeem's post was sent
very recently (on the 1st September) and all of us can respond to
this thread without any difficulty whatsoever.
Afzal
Naseer
might be, can we post into any of the old threads?
Naseer
Afzal A. Khan
Afzal