Structural Geology by Haakon Fossen: A Comprehensive Textbook for Undergraduate Students
Structural geology is the study of how rocks deform and change shape under different physical conditions. It is a fundamental discipline in geosciences that helps us understand the formation and evolution of the Earth's crust and its natural resources. Structural geology also has important applications in engineering, mining, petroleum exploration, and natural hazard assessment.
Structural Geology By Haakon Fossen Pdf
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One of the most popular and widely used textbooks on structural geology is Structural Geology by Haakon Fossen, a professor at the University of Bergen, Norway. The book was first published in 2010 and has been updated and revised in a second edition in 2016. The book covers all the basic concepts and principles of structural geology, from deformation and strain to stress and rheology, from fractures and faults to folds and shear zones, from microstructures to regional tectonics. The book also provides numerous examples and case studies from different geological settings and environments, as well as links to industry applications in petroleum and groundwater geology.
The book is lavishly illustrated with more than 500 color figures and photos that help visualize the structures and processes discussed in the text. The book also comes with a companion website that offers animated e-learning modules, downloadable copies of all figures and photos, exercises and solutions, online glossary, additional photos of structures, links to free structural geology software, video resources, and more. The book is suitable for undergraduate students of geology, geophysics, civil engineering, environmental engineering, and related fields. It is also a valuable reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals who want to refresh or deepen their knowledge of structural geology.
If you are interested in learning more about structural geology and its applications, you can buy the book or request an inspection copy from Cambridge University Press[^1^]. You can also access a free PDF version of the book from Archive.org[^2^] or Academia.edu[^3^].
In this article, we will review some of the main topics and concepts covered in Structural Geology by Haakon Fossen. We will also highlight some of the features and benefits of the book and its companion website.
Structural Geology and Structural Analysis
The first chapter of the book introduces the scope and objectives of structural geology and structural analysis. It defines structural geology as "the study of how rocks deform and acquire their present-day architecture". It also explains the difference between descriptive and analytical structural geology, and the importance of both approaches. The chapter also discusses the methods and tools used in structural geology, such as field mapping, remote sensing, laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, and geophysical techniques. The chapter also presents some basic concepts and terminology used in structural geology, such as structures, fabrics, deformation, kinematics, and dynamics.
Deformation
The second chapter of the book deals with the concept of deformation, which is the change in shape or size of a body due to applied forces or stresses. The chapter explains how deformation can be described using different coordinate systems and reference frames, such as Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical, natural, or deformed coordinates. The chapter also introduces the deformation matrix and gradient, which are mathematical tools to quantify deformation. The chapter also discusses the types and modes of deformation, such as homogeneous or heterogeneous, continuous or discontinuous, coaxial or non-coaxial, simple or general.
Strain in Rocks
The third chapter of the book focuses on the concept of strain, which is the measure of deformation in terms of changes in length, angle, volume, or area. The chapter explains how strain can be measured using different methods and techniques, such as strain markers, strain gauges, strain rosettes, strain ellipsoids, finite strain analysis, and Rf/Phi method. The chapter also discusses the types and effects of strain, such as pure shear or simple shear, flattening or stretching, coaxial or non-coaxial strain.
Stress
The fourth chapter of the book covers the concept of stress, which is the force per unit area acting on a body or a point within a body. The chapter explains how stress can be described using different components and conventions, such as normal stress or shear stress, principal stress or deviatoric stress, mean stress or differential stress. The chapter also introduces the stress tensor and Mohr circle, which are graphical tools to visualize and analyze stress. The chapter also discusses the types and sources of stress in the Earth's crust, such as gravitational stress or tectonic stress.
Stress in the Lithosphere
The fifth chapter of the book deals with the concept of stress in the lithosphere, which is the outermost layer of the Earth composed of rigid rocks. The chapter explains how stress in the lithosphere can be estimated using different methods and data sources, such as borehole measurements,
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