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Hapoish?

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Dec 16, 2003, 9:59:07 PM12/16/03

>Hi everybody,
>
>Does anyone here know where to find pages about the conlang Hapoish?
>
>Google only leads me to lists of conlangs which all have the same
broken
>link. Google also told me that the author of Hapoish got High Honors
in
>Geometry. ;-) (Maybe it's the same person... or not.) ;-)
>
>I follow every track, using every proper noun that were mentionned
about the
>work of the author of Hapoish. I've found nothing yet except that
@#$%§@
>broken link! :-\
>
>Any clue?
>
>iBaçtülu sode, /i:'ba.CtOlu sode/ (until soon)
>
>=====================
>Remi Villatel
>max...@normandnet.fr
>=====================

The pages.prodigy.net server stopped being used after I discontinued
to subscribe to Prodigy at the end of 1999. It died forever in 2002.

This is a complete and up-to-date write-up on Hapoish, with several
mistakes in the original page corrected. You can change all the
â's to â's and so on in your text-reading program if you
want.

Are you ready? Read on.

A ti koze zâ e Hapoî?

Hapoish is spoken on the planet of Hapoi (ba e Poî) in Lehola's
Refea Solar System. This planet resembles Mars geologically; however,
the atmosphere is strong and water still exists. Volcanic activity is
present on Hapoi. The planet has two moons, ba e Barê and ba e
Îsî.

Its sapient inhabitants are humanoid creatures with fiery red bodies
from head to toe, from tongue to sclera to navel. Only their teeth are
white. Hapoishans have no hair. These tetradactylous beings stand
erect and have two arms and two legs like other sapient races of
humanoid form, but they are monoderms, or vertebrates from several
classes with smooth, one-piece skin (not scales like the reptiles)
descended from Ginkgourus, a lunged relative of the sturgeon,
rather than descended from the rhipidistians as the tetrapods
are.

Hapoishans come in the squat Brachyform (e Ana) -- 3'6" -- and the
lanky Dolichoform -- 4' -- varieties. The Brachyform Hapoishans have
Hapoish as their indigenous language (Poî is a Hapoish, or
Brachyform, word). The Dolichoform Hapoishans call themselves Ianini,
while their Brachyform neighbors refer to them as people "e Ara"
"who are Ara, or Dolichoform". Naklixiq, or "language of our
world", is the preferred and native language of the Dolichoform, or
Ianini people, who refer to the Brachyform Hapoishans as Xlokti. Since
437 on the Hapoish calendar, when the Brachyform race formed the
government that held the industralizing and socializing revolution on
Hapoi, Hapoish rather than Naklixiq ("gi e Haara") has been the
official language of the government.

Hapoish words are composed of syllables, each syllable either a vowel
or a consonant+vowel combination. The five basic vowels are a, e, i, o
and u, pronounced according to the "Spanish" system: are,
beta, machine, no, tune. To double the
number of possible syllables in this language, the Hapoishans threw in
the five stridulants: â, ê, î, ô and û.
To say each one, say the vowel prolongedly at the back of your throat,
while striking your uvula. Therefore â sounds like a cracking
"ah'ah'ah'ah'ah'ah". Each vowel is in a separate syllable, so when you
see two vowels in a row, pronounce them as separate syllables, as if
they had a glottal stop between them -- "au" sounds like "AH, oo", not
like the vowel diphthong in how.

Consonants are b, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y
and z, making for 105 clear syllables and 105 stridulated syllables,
or 210 syllables in all. G is always hard as in get; S is
invariably soft as in same; J is pronounced like the S in
Asia; X is pronounced like "sh" in shape; Q is
pronounced like the CH in loch. R sounds somewhat like "thr" in
three. To make it, you simply thrust your tongue lightly
against your palate, all the way from front to back.

Verbs form the staple of all sentences, along with a respectable
number of pronouns:
<pre>ma I
ti you
wo he, she
ba this
gi that
dô we
zû you (pl.)
su they, these (people or things)
fa they, those (people or things)
nâ anything
pî anyone
mu nothing
râ nobody
zâ something
xî someone
tû everything, all of those things, both of those things
te everyone, all of those people, both of those people
pu enough of that thing
rê enough of those people
yô one of those things
o one of those people
xê you, one, hypothetical person
î what, some unknown thing
yî who(m), some unknown person
sa the rest, all the other things
sâ the rest, all the other people
to whatever, whichever thing
dû who(m)ever, whichever person
bu such things, such a thing
fo such people, such a person
gê how many things, how much of a thing, an unknown quantity of
a thing
hu how many people, an unknown quantity of people
tî another thing
lâ another person
jui the other one of those things
jue the other one of those people
bo either of those things
kâ either of those people
qe some of that thing, some of those things
qi some of those people
kô a little/a few of that thing or those things
hû a few of those people
je few of those things
kû few of those people
xa several of those things
â several of those people
dâ many of those things, much of that thing
qî many of those people
yû most of those things
ge most of those people
qo each one of those things, taken individually
hê each one of those people, taken individually
ize each other, one another (things)
dedi each other, one another (people)
</pre>

The verbs in Hapoish are tense-marked by markers: de means past, so de
fara means went. Mi denotes future, so mi fara means will go. For
imperfect, use re: re fara, was going. The past participle takes
bô: bô fara, has gone. Yo denotes imperative, so "Yo
fara!" means "Go!" Other markers: zî fara means had gone, ke
fara will have gone, and hô fara means will be going. The
present and infinitive (goes, to go) are simply fara. "Pa" may be put
after a verb to denote passivity, so karo/take, karo pa/is taken, de
karo pa/was taken.

Adjectives do not exist; instead, a verb meaning "to be pretty" is
used. Wo giyo means She is pretty.

Nouns, shockingly enough, do not exist in Hapoish either. There is no
noun, for instance, meaning "pencil". The reasoning behind this is
this question: Objectively, who's to say what is or is
not a pencil? Which configuration of atoms constitutes a pencil,
and which does not? That pencil I held there a few seconds ago no
longer is quite the same thing now that it's shed a few atoms and
maybe had some new different ones cling onto it. Let's
assume a prototypical pencil. If it's a bit shorter, is it still a
pencil? If it's lost some yellow paint, is it still a pencil? What
about having lost even more paint and being in even worse condition?
What if it's shorter yet, two inches long, covered with shavings, but
still applicable for writing with graphite? Then is it a pencil? What
if there's just a stick of graphite with a few molecules of wood
attached? It is a pencil then? Is a pen a pencil? It does fulfill the
same basic purpose of writing. If something shaped like a cube lets
you spread graphite, is that a pencil? To take care of this problem,
Hapoish has a verb, kuruyu, which means "to be like a pencil". The
pencil is gi e kuruyu, or that_thing that
is_like_a_pencil. Adverbs of degree are also used:
<pre>pi not
koru hardly
ete slightly, a bit
faga noticeably
podo somewhat
mâ fairly, considerably
goni halfway
faru partly
amani fulfills the same role as
abo is an acceptable substitute for
ita strongly
gogo rather
bâ quite
jumi pretty
kale very
odu extremely
lili absolutely
yâte how, to what degree (question word)</pre> 
One could not say "gi e lili kuruyu" unless one was holding up
the official prototype of a pencil. One could, however, say "gi
e lili goxuri" (the atom), since what is or is not an atom is
indisputable. The adverb "juu" means "as of its state or incarnation
at that time" and can further be used to clear things up, especially
when something's identity is only evanescent.

To modify a noun, "e" (that, which, who) is followed by an adjectival
verb: puki means is red, so the red pencil would
be gi e
kuruyu e puki, or that_thing that resembles_a_pencil that
is_red. As for names, say wo e Anita for Anita; in
other words, she who is_able_to_be_considered_Anita. Address
her as ti e Anita when you speak.

Adverbs are also useful in place of linking verbs. For example, the
adverb "vara", meaning in terms of how it looks, can be used to
say "Gi vara giyo", or "It looks pretty" (That
in_terms_of_how_it_looks is_pretty). Some other linking adverbs:
<pre>bada in terms of what it's becoming
ogu in terms of what it's remaining
baqi in terms of what it seems to be
vara in terms of how it looks
koji in terms of how it sounds
buti in terms of how it feels (by direct touch)
qaka in terms of how it feels (by atmospheric heat)
xuda in terms of how it smells
xoda in terms of how it tastes
rire in terms of how its aura fares, in terms of its vibes</pre>

The word for "of" is u. Use as follows: possession+u+possessor:
Maria's
pencil would be gi e kuruyu u wo e Maria.

All sentences are subject-verb-object; even î and yî --
what and whom -- come after the verb if they are the object of a
sentence. Yes/no questions are begun with "a": "A gi vara giyo" means
"Does it look pretty?".

Position in a sentence and general context govern whether a word like
ma means I, me or myself. Pronouns do not
change any ending depending on part of speech. The word mo (to,
intended for) can, however, be used to mark an indirect object: 
<pre> Wo e Setivo de porumo mo wo e Devo gi e fefo.
He who is_able_to_be_considered_Steve [preterit] throws to he who
is_able_to_be_considered_Dave that which is_like_a_ball.
Steve threw Dave the ball.</pre>

When "that" or "whom" refers to the object of the verb in its clause,
instead of "e" use "ee": 
<pre> Ba e eme ee ma tô jama kale.
That which is_like_a_picture that(obj.) I like is_expensive very.
The picture I like (or liked) was very expensive.</pre> 
In this case, "ee ma tô", or "that I like", is the clause
governed by "ee".

Kana means if. It turns the whole following clause
conditional.
Satu means there is or there are, and is put
after a subject to denote mere existence of anything or anyone
("Zâ e sira satu ê gi e vâma" means "There is sugar
in the cabinet".

The suffix -li makes an adjective-verb into an adverb. Words
ending in a regular (unmarked) vowel simply add it to the end:
hapu means to be good;
hapuli means well. For adjective-verbs ending in a stridulant,
change the ending vowel to its non-stridulated equivalent and add
-deli: to be generous is semô, while
semodeli means generously. To say "more" or "most" use
"due"; for "less" or "least" use "hate". The word for "than" with
comparatives is tê; superlatives are expressed simply
with "due or "hate".
 
<pre> Wo e Jefe beni e gere due ê gi e nu u fa e yifemâ
u wo.
He who is_able_to_be_considered_Jeff is_like_a_boy who is_tall
more/most in that which is_considered_a_group_or_set of those who
are_like_students of him.
Jeff is the tallest boy in his class.

Gi e neqi juu de bê due tê ba e no u ma.
That which is_like_a_snake as_of_its_state_or_incarnation_at_that_time
[preterit] is_long more/most than that which is_like_an_arm of me.
That snake was longer than my arm.

Zâ e xêvu jese hate tê zâ e dude.
Something that is_like_plaster is_strong less/least than something
that is_like_diamond.
Plaster is less strong than diamond.

Ba e gâximu ee ma de ho ta hapu hate tê gi e
gâximu ee ma ho ume.
This which is_like_a_film that(obj.) I [preterit] see today is_good
less/least than that which is_like_a_film that(obj.) I see yesterday.
The movie I saw today was not as good as the movie I saw
yesterday.</pre>

The verb "gû" means "make" or "induce", and is always followed
immediately by "e", so "Gi e meqo gû e ma gô" is how to
say "That song makes me cry". (Literally: That which is_like_a_song
induces that I cry.)

Hapoish uses an octonary system. 
<pre>zero niko
one tiqi
two goya
three wea
four au
five viva
six jija
seven qewa
eight tamo
nine tamo-tiqi
ten tamo-goya
eleven tamo-wea
twelve tamo-au
thirteen tamo-viva
fourteen tamo-jija
fifteen tamo-qewa
sixteen goyatamo
seventeen goyatamo-tiqi
eighteen goyatamo-goya
twenty-four weatamo
thirty-two autamo
forty vivatamo
forty-eight jijatamo
fifty jijatamo-goya
fifty-six qewatamo
sixty-four pazi
sixty-five pazi-tiqi
sixty-six pazi-goya
one hundred pazi-autamo-au
128 goyapazi
192 weapazi
256 aupazi
512 tero
thousand tero-qewapazi-vivatamo
1,024 goyatero
4,096 xubi
10,000 goyaxubi-weatero-aupazi-goyatamo
32,768 heyi
65,536 goyaheyi
100,000 weaheyi-weatero-goyapazi-autamo
8^6 gasa
million weagasa-jijaheyi-auxubi-tero-pazi
8^7 ipe
8^8 xaku
8^9 gore
billion qewagore-weaxaku-auipe-jijagasa-vivaheyi-auxubi-vivatero
8^10 pia
8^11 qipi
8^12 zaga
8^13 bide
trillion bide-jijazaga-auqipi-weapia-goyagore-auxaku-vivaipe-gasa-goyaheyi-xubi
8^14 xifu
8^15 giqo
8^16 têdo

to be first ha tiqi
to be second ha goya
to be third ha wea
to be last lime</pre>

One quadrillion would be expressed as
"weatêdo-augiqo-weaxifu-goyabide-qewazaga-qewaqipi-goyapia-augore-auxaku-jijaipe-gasa-vivaheyi".

The number words in Hapoish are considered to be adverbs, so that
"wea" means "multiplied by three in number" or "thrice over". While
kibe means "to be like a drum", kibe wea means "to be
like three drums", or "to be three drum-like things".

<pre>Ma suje fa e pube viva.
I eat those that is_like_an_apple multiplied_by_five_in_number.
I ate five apples.</pre>

<H3>DICTIONARY</H3> 
<pre>a Do . . .? [begins yes/no questions]
â several
aa to be like a seed
abo [is an acceptable substitute for]
âdu to be non-functional, to be broken
afe to dance
afu to be like a tool
ajîja to be like a grandmother
ajooja to be like a grandparent
ajûja to be like a grandfather
ama to be like gold
amani [fulfills the same role as]
Ana to be Brachyform
anasa to be like saliva
apatu to be like a test
âpo to be like a uvula
aqana to be possible
Ara to be Dolichoform
asa to be like soup
âsa to be temporary
atu to be like urine
au four
aubî to be like a thumb
awomu to be like a glove
awuda to be like ale
ba this, it
bâ quite
baba to be a number
bada in terms of what it's becoming
badala to be hopeful
baje to be like a ceiling
bala to form a base or basis
baqi in terms of what it seems to be
bara to be embarrassed
Barê to be like one moon
baru to be like the daytime
basa to stop, to end, to finish
bate to be soft
bazu to be northern
be to be able to; can
bê to be long
bebu to be like a bean
bede to be like a story
bêdomu to be like glasses
bemi to be happy
beni to be like a boy (adolescent male sapient of any species)
beo to be like a nest
bêqu to be rigid, repressive
besa to be like a community
bêwê to be like a (recreational) drug
bi to be like a day
bî to be like a thing
bide 8^13 (549,755,813,888)
biji to steal
bîji to be like shrimp
bo either
bô [past participle]
boa to be teen-age, adolescent
bôdo to be like copper
bomu to be short (in length)
bora to be like an intestine
bowâ to be like a chrysalis
boxo to be like a period equal to one sixteenth of a day
bu such
bû to be like a night
bue here, at this place (adverb)
buti in terms of how it feels
buzo to be like an airplane
da to be big
dâ many
dada to be different from
dage to be like a bank (institution where money is kept and withdrawn)
dâma to be like a weapon
dana to be the same as
dani to be male
dasi to be pink
dasu under, below
dawi to urinate
de [past tense]
dê to be like a person (an individual of any sapient race); in
plural, people
dea to be like grass
debu of (as in part of, piece of, etc.)
dedi each other, one another
dedu to be like money
dêha to be like sand
deji to be rich
dêjiki to be like brass
-deli [forms adverbs with adjective-verbs ending in stridulants]
demi without, not having
denê to realize
deqe to be like a pebble
dequ to pour
dere to be like a saw
detu to study
deu to hold
dezu to be eastern
di to love
dî to be like the ground
dilupi to be like a chin
dini to be like a bicycle
dino to be like a shape
divû to separate
do to be like the rain
dô we
dôfu to be like a prawn
dôpô to be like resources/means
doqû to be like a gill
dosu over, above
dota to be pinkish-red
du to be like an island
dû who(m)ever
dude to be like a diamond (the mineral)
due more/most
dûtû to be like a crocodile
e that, which, who(m)
ê in, within
ea to be like afternoon
ee that, which, who(m) [as the object of a clause]
êfara to enter
eke to be like a child
eme to be like a picture
emi to be nonexistent, not to exist
êmu to be like a message
ena to be like a condition
enê to be like the mind
eqi to be like a skewer
êqô to have hair, to be one of the people with hair
êqu to be like hair or fur
erê to be serious, not to be a laughing matter
eruyu to be like a pillow
ete slightly, a bit
ezo to discover
fa they, them, those
fâ to hear, to listen to
faba to be like flour
faga noticeably
fâpî to undress
fapo ago
fara to go
faru partly, partially
fe to be old (not new)
fê to be dark
fefo to be like a ball
fefu to be like wheat
fei to be like a house
femâ to learn
feme to be like a chain
feqi away from
fere since
fese to be like a disease
fete to be like a tear
feto to share
fi to be strange
fî to be like lightning
fia to be like a rock
fîme to be weak
fîpî to dress, get dressed
fo such
fô to be round, to be circular, to have the shape of a circle
fôdu to be short (in height)
fomube to be like a bee
fopo to be like a baby
foqâ to be like ash
foyô to decide
fu to be like a key
fû to be attractive [male]
fua to be bored
fuu to be hard
fuye to be popular
ga you're welcome
gâ to move
gadû to be like war, to be like a war
gaja to be smooth
gakota to take away
gala to be bald, to be one of the people without hair
gama to be like paper
gamê to be an accident, to be accidental
gamedeli accidentally
ganâ to be slow
ganadeli slowly
gaqa to be like a brick
gaqô to be like a cannon
garê to defecate
gari to be like a color
gasa 8^6 (262,144)
gâsu to be like a party (fest)
gata to be solid, to be classified as a solid
gâximu to be like a movie or motion picture, to be like a film
gayo to be like a parrot
ge most
gê how many, how much
gefa to be like a promise
gejî to be like a pig
gemeja to be like a ticket
gene to fly
gere to be tall
gesi to be like milk
gexu to be like a row
geye to be like a hand
gi that, it
gî to be like a canal
gîde to be like a bne
giku sometimes
gile to be high
gîme to drive (any vehicle)
giqo 8^15 (35,184,372,088,832)
gira to be ill, to be unwell (physically unhealthy), to ail
giyo to be pretty/beautiful
go to feel (by touching)
gô to cry
gobo to be like a question
goda to be famous
goduma to be like an umbrella
gogo rather
gogu to be like a palm tree
gojâ to be like marble
goni halfway
goqô to be like a gate
gore 8^9 (134,217,728)
gosu to cure [more contemporary form of the word]
gôsu to cure [older variant]
gowa to hold a picnic
goxu to be like the atmosphere
goxû to be like an anvil
goxuri to be like an atom
goya two
gu to make, to create
gû to make, to induce to, to cause (used with "e")
gue there, at that place (adverb)
guu to be a parent or progenitor
ha to come (in sequence)
ha- to be like the language of
hâ to remember
ha goya to be second
ha tiqi to be first
ha wea to be third
Haara to be like the Naklixiq language
haba to be like soap
hafâ to be like work
hafe to bake
haja until, till
haki to be funny
hala to be like a floor
halapu to be like a skirt
hamaba to be like an oven
hanâ to be like a freezer
hanato to be like a school
hao to lose (opposite of gain)
Hapoî to be like the Hapoish language
hapu to be good
hapuli well
haqulu to be like a cave
hara to be like the breath
hârâ to be poisonous
haro to be orange
hata to be gaseous, to be classified as a gas
hate less/least
hatî to gain
he from
hê each
hea before (in time)
hefexe to be like cream
hehe to breathe
hehezoro to be like a lung
heju to add
hemu to be like coffee
hêqe to be like scissors, to be like a pair of scissors
hetuxa to be like a bomb
hexu to be like a building
heyi 32,768
hi to be like water
hî to take
hiji to be magenta
himi with, having
himu to bleed
hiro by, alongside
ho to see, to look at
hô [future progressive]
hôjo to be like a stomach
hoo to be like ice
hopî to be like a balloon
hôpi to be like a turtle
hoqû to be like glass (the substance)
hôri to be like a creek
hu how many
hû a few
hua already
huha to be official
husi to be sad
i and
î what
ia to be like morning
ii to be like an egg
ila to lead
îli to be like a daughter
imu to be like medicine
inagu to continue
io to be like a fetus, to be fetal
ipe 8^7 (2,097,152)
iqola to be like a system
iri to be at the center of [something], to form the center, to be
like a center, to be central
iro to be like a wall
Îsî to be like one moon
ita strongly
ixe to burn [transitive]
ixeme to be like a photograph
ixerovo to be like a camera
ixu to return to the ground after jumping
iye when, at what time (used as an adverb)
iyu to answer
ize each other, one another
ja to dislike
jâ to be early
jada to, towards
jado to be like a man (adult) (adult male sapient of any species)
jafu to be at the front (e jafu u = "that is at the front of", in
front of)
jaji to marry, to be wed to
jama to be expensive
jamoru to be like a stick
jamu to teach
jaqa to be polite
javi among, between
je few
jê to sell
jea to be like a lake
jefâ to be like fog or mist
jehude to be like hail
jeku to be like a crab
jelê to be like a shop, to be like a store, to be like a
market
jemi to be like a heart
jenu to be like a significant other
jequ to bathe, to take a bath
jese to be strong
jevi to cook
ji as, while, during, when
jî possibly, perhaps, maybe
jidu to be like a fly (insect of the order Diptera)
jigu to be like a tooth
jija six
jije to be pregnant
jikêo to be like bronze
jiki to be like metal
jîru to control
jitu to join
jo to be like the act of
jô to call, to refer to as, to name, to assign a verb that
describes resemblances to
joa after (in time)
jobû to be like a spouse
joi to be like a vacuum
jôjô to be like the spirit
jokô to draw (a picture of)
jomo to be like a volcano
joru to be like blood
jovu to be like fire
jovuti to be like a flame
jowu to melt
ju to consist of
jû to be like a river
judeku to be like a zombie, to be like the undead
jue the other one
jui the other one
juku almost
jumi pretty
juna to be like silver
juu as of its state or incarnation at that time
ka in order to
kâ either
kâde to be like a shoulder
kâfu to be history
kaka to be like a leaf
kaku to be at the back (e kaku u = "that is at the back of", behind)
kamotu to be like an institution
kale very
kana if
Kanekonia to be like Kankonia
kao to wait
kapa together
kapaudu to be like a symphony
kaqo to be like an uncle or an aunt (by marriage)
kâqu apart, in pieces
kasi to be like a head
kata to be cheap
kaxa to die
kâxa to be dead
kaxaxô to feel suicidal, to feel depressed
kaxo to wash
kaza to be like a pond
ke [future perfect]
kê to be ugly
kedese to be like gravity
kêfû to be laborious, to resemble difficult work
kemi to be like a leg
kezî to be like a wasp
ki to be like music
kî to require
kibe to be like a drum
kida to happen, to be an event
kido to be like a shovel
kidoqo to be like a Hapoish nose-flute
kifi to be like traditional music
kigi to be like a guitar
kije to be like a piano
kijô to be like a synthesizer
kikipu to be like a kikipu (edible long green fish with a grey
soft plate slanting across its snout,
found in tropical rivers)
kilo to be like an elbow
kilu to be reddish-brown
kima to be wide
kine to be like tin
kinogo to be like a bass guitar
kio to be like ba e kio
kîqe to be like a sickle
kisa to be like ba e kisa
kixu to be like a brass instrument
ko to be like a name (or, strictly, like a verb implying who a
person in his/her present state is able
to be considered)
kô a little, a few
kodu to be like a knee
kôgô to be painful
koji in terms of how it sounds
koju to be like frost
kokâ to be like a box (a cubical container)
kolû to be like a wheel
komo to be like a hat
komû to be difficult
koru hardly
koxa to form a band (group of people playing popular music)
koze to speak
kozo to fear, to be frightened, to be afraid, to be scared
kozu to be western
ku to need
kû few
kuqu to be like a door
kuruyu to be like a pencil
kuza to be cubical, to have the shape of a cube
la to be like snow
lâ another
ladu to be rude
lai again
laide to be like an edge
lako to be like aluminum
lala to be like plastic
lape to be like paint
lapo to precede; to be the previous one (antonym of sipo)
laqâ to digest
lasô to be like a lion
laya to be feminine
le to put
lê to be sure
lefu to be the past
lêke to carry
lese to be modern
leseki to be like popular music
letâ to ask [a question]
levi to be like a coin
lexa to be like a woman (adult) (adult female sapient of any species)
-li [forms adverbs]
lî to be progeny
lie to smile
lîgi to be like a spine (vertebral column)
liki to be like a shell
likita to intersect, to form a cross, to have the shape of a cross
lili absolutely
lilibî to be like a prototype
lime to be last
limidu to be like a coelacanth
liqê to be like phlegm
liqu to be like a bed
liqû to trade
lisi to be thin
lixara to be identical
lo yes
lô to know
loda to taste (with one's tongue)
lofa to be white
lolo to be round, to be spherical, to have the shape of a sphere
loo to push
lopo to be like a knife
lori to be cold
lôtu to recognize
lu to contain
lû to have the opinion that
ma I, me
mâ fairly
maa to be like a room
mafa to be unlaborious, to be sinecure (antonym of kêfû)
mâfa to be a joke
mafi to hurry, to rush
mako to be masculine
mani to pull
mâni to be like an abdomen
mapa to be like a nipple
maqâ along with, joined, by accompanied by
marima to form a model
masa to be like the world
mau to drop
maxa to be beige or off-white
maxasu to be like sandstone
mayî to be correct
me to give
mê to be new
meba to be like oil (petroleum)
medisu to be like art
medu to cost, to be worth
mego to be like a stream
meho to be low
mei to be hot
mekaba to be busy, to be diligent
meko to be like a cheek
meme to be like an answer
mene to be like lead
meqo to be like a song
meso to be like a little boy (male child sapient of any species)
metu by identification; in terms of how oneself (and others) identify
or recognize someone
mi will
mî to be like a plant
mie to laugh
mîja to be like a wife
mîju to be like a rainbow
mike to be like an arrow
minê to be like a flag
miu to be electric
mo to, for, intended for
mô probably
mogu to be like a handle (on a cup or bag)
molu to be like a gland
momu to be like mud
mono to be like a part
monu to be like ba e monu (a species of grain)
môvi to repeat
movu to be like a bow (for an arrow)
mu nothing
mû to be like an animal
mûja to be like a husband
na to be like a brother or sister
nâ anything
nadu to build
nâdu to be like cobalt
nafa to live, to be classified as an organism, to be living (a living
thing)
nala to be like a shore, to be like a beach
naxa to run
nâxa to work, to labor
ne to be full
nê to be like a moon
nebaka to be like a snail
nede to dream (aspire)
nepe to have the value of one nepe (4,096 rogas)
neqi to be like a snake
nêra to be like a towel
nêro to be like marijuana, to be like cannabis, to be like
hemp
nevi to be grey
nevu to swim
neye only, solely
ni to use
nî to be like light
niko zero
nima to be narrow
niqu to sink
nise to be like a pair of pants, to be like pants
nîti to be like a grain (of sand, ash, etc.)
nixa to play, engage in diversions, have some fun
no to be like an arm
nô to be left
noba to be the future
noha to keep, to prevent (uses "e" like gû)
nopa to be like a cup
nopayoqu to be like a drinking glass
noqû to be like a basket
novu to be green
nowu to be like a brain
noxo to lose (opposite of win)
nu to be considered a group or set
nû no
nuqo to plant
nûxa to be like a bush, to be like a shrub
o one
ô at, on
oa to be like air, to be like the air
odu extremely
oe to be like smoke
ofufu to be like a navel
ogu in terms of what it's remaining
ohô to be like space
oi to be like alcohol
ojô to be like ochre (the mineral)
okosa to be rigid (unbendable or unfoldable in physical form)
omu to be like a mouth
ono to be Grey (the sapient race)
oqo to be like an ear
oru to be empty
oso to be like an age
osî to be like the coast
osu out of, outside
osufara to leave, to exit
ou to fall or to stumble
ova to remove
oxe to be hungry
oya now, at the present
oye to be like a time (one occurrence of something)
pa [passive voice]
pâ to be like a road, path, street, way
padezu to be lazy, to slack off
pafa to be safe (not dangerous)
pafe to choose, to select
pafudu to be like a pile
pala to spell
pamo to be like an ant
pano to provide
pare to be like a chair
pâte to be like the degree
pazi sixty-four
pe to be like a piece
pê to be like a method or way
peda to be black
pêda to be like a discus
pene to be like a garden
pepe to be the issue or question (of)
pesê to jump
pi not
pî anyone, anybody
pia 8^10 (1,073,741,824)
pihi to climb
pihu to be like a game
pîqa to be like a bullet/projectile
piva to be like a girl (adolescent female sapient of any species; a
borrowed word)
pîvu to be like a sturgeon
po to be old (not young)
pô to be like a star
pobo to be like a position
podo somewhat
Poi to be Hapoish
Poî to be like Hapoi
poku to form the middle part of [something]
polo to be like an exe
pomui to be like a window
pôpo to be like a storm
popu to be like a worm/earthworm/annelid
porumo to throw
poxo to be like a mushroom
pu enough
pû to be like a word
pube to be like an apple
pue to be like a mattock
puki to be red
pukulu to be like a rhipidistian
puza to be like a sea
qa to be like a source or origin
qâ to guess
qabâ to touch (make physical contact with)
qabo to be open
qada to be like a foot
qafâ to be like a hotel
qafo to be like a stair/step
qaga to be like a year (understood as the time it takes Hapoi to
revolve around its Refea sun)
qaka in terms of how it feels
qâko to be like carbon
qama to be like sex (enough like it, depending on what the meaning of
"is" is . . . hmmmm.)
qana about, on, on the subject of
qaqa to be like feces
qaro whenever, every time [that]
qasa to be closed, shut
qawa to be like a kitchen
qaxo to be like thunder
qazu to cut
qâzu to discuss
qe some
qê to notice
qedîja to be like a granddaughter
qedooja to be like a grandchild (of either gender)
qedûja to be like a grandson
qege to be like the wind
qêgu to be like an enemy
qenema to be like a pyramid
qesala to be like clay
qesi to be like a frok
qewa seven
qi some
qî many
qipi 8^11 (8,589,934,592)
qiqa to be loud
qo each
qô to be like a tree
qodomo to be like a refrigerator
qoni to be useful
qoqa to be like the whole
qosû to be like a planet
qou to mark
qowe to freeze [transitive]
qôxe to be like a hospital
qoyi to be like beer
qoyu to be like barley
qu to want
qû to be heavy
qua to be like a shi or bat
qudo to be like a butt (gluteus maximus)
quna to be like a testicle
quru to be like chocolate
ra to be like a (or the) sun
râ nobody, no one
raja to be like a shadow
râli to be like oxygen
ramî to think, to cogitate
raqu to be like a wrist
rara to be thirsty
raza to be like a cliff (precipice)
razi to be of the Lizard Person sapient race
re [imperfect]
rê enough
redi to be like a present, to be like a gift
Refea to be considered the (or part of the) Refea Solar System
rei to be quiet
reka to be intelligent
rele to wear, to be wearing
remi to be like a keyhole
reo to shine
reve to be like an almond
rexî to be like a tongue
ri to be like a thought
rî to be like (a) food
rîa to be dry
ripi to be alive
rire in terms of its vibes
rîri to be like a rope
ro to get, to attain
rô to be like bread
rodu to be like a spacecraft
rofu to be fast (adjective-verb), to be rapid
rofuli fast (adverb), rapidly, speedily
roga to have the value of one roga (the basic monetary unit of the
modern Hapoishans)
rogi to be crimson
roqa to be useless
rôra to be stridulant (of a vowel), to be a stridulant
rovo to be like a machine or device
ru across
rû against
rudu to be like a hammer
rufe to be like a shoe
rumi to forget
ruva to be brown
ruyi down (adverb)
sa (the) rest, everything else
sâ (the) rest, everyone else
sada to walk (at normal speed), to ambulate, amble
sado to be like wood
sago to be like an uncle or an aunt (by blood)
saja to keep, to maintain
sali to be female
samisa to be bendable or soft in physical form (antonym of okosa)
sane to be sharp
saqa to be square, to have the shape of a square
sâti to be like a lizard
satu to exist; there is, there are
sayi to be like an ovary
se to be like a bottom
sê to be right
sea to spend
see to be like a tail
sefê to be like a bag (ideally, a container of some e-samisa
(non-rigid) material)
sei to believe
seju to be blue
sekô to have the value of one sekô (one sixty-fourth
of a roga)
selu to be blonde, to be the color of straw
semô to be generous
semu to work, to be functional
sere to be tired
sêre to be burnt sienna
seta to suggest
sexâ to be like thread
si by means of, via
sî to be like a mother
sibê to be like a conversation
side to form a problem, to be like a problem
sidi to be like a flower
sii to be like rice
simu to be like clothes or a piece of clothing
sinû to be like an office (position)
sipo to follow; to be the next one
sîpo to be like an okodu (monoderm equivalent of a frog)
sira to be like sugar
siso to apologize
site to be like the sky
siva to be like a vein
sixê to be like a soldier, to be like a private
sixu to be like treasure
so to be like a top
sô far
sode often
soe to be light
sova to drink
sowe to be adult
soxe to be like zinc
soyê to be wrong/incorrect
su they, them, these
sû to be like a father
sui to refuse to
suje to eat
sumi to be like a root
sûqa to be like a mouse
suva to be like an artery
suzu to be southern
ta today
tâ to be small
tabiki to be like a finge
tada to be like a battering-ram
tafe to be like a throat
taji to count
tâka to be like a chest
tami to be formal
tamo eight
taqu to be like a heel
tari to be like a stove, to be like a cooker
tasa to be like a container
tata to be like a roof
taxo to be like a friend
taze to be like a spear
te everyone, everybody, all, both
tê than
tede to be dirty
têdo 8^16 (281,474,976,710,656)
tefâ to be like skin
teko to be rectangular, to have the shape of a rectangle
teme to be of a non-Hapoish race (of a sapient)
temeru to be like a contest
teni to be like a vegetable
tepê to be like a branch
teqi to be like a needle
Têra to be like Earth (the planet)
tero 512
tesufu to be mineral, to be classified as mineral
tete to be like the end or an end of something; to be like an endpoint
tetî to be, in terms of the weather
têto to be like a language
texu to be/form the population (of)
ti you
tî another
tiqi one
tisî to be wet
titi to be like a spoon
tivu to be lightweight
to whatever
tô to like
tobu to be weird
tôdô to be like a skull
todu to be like a feather
tofo to reap
toqu to be permanent
tora to be like a hill
tore to be like salt
toro to bury
tove to be like a ladder
tu to have, to own, to possess
tû everything, all, both
tufu to be human
tuha near
tuju to be like an office (room)
turo to shke
tûrovo to be like a computer (ideally, "everything-device")
tuya to be like a fish
u of
û oh
ua to be like evening
udoe to have sex, to copulate, to fornicate
udu to be like a sound (in a word), to be like a phoneme
ui to be like a wire
ûli to be like a son
ume yesterday
umu beside, next to
upe to be like a wing
uqâ to be like a blade
uqede to be like a statue
usute to be like a waist
ute to understand
uto to help
uvu to be like someone's voice
uwe to be like a lens
uwu to be like a nose
uyetete to be like a telephone
va to be like sound or noise
vâ to hate
vafe to be like a dog
vâma to be like a cabinet
vani to be straight, to form the shape of a straight line
vanî to tie, to bind
vara in terms of how it looks
vasi to do; (of music or a song) to play, to sing
vaya to be like a mountain
ve oh
vê to be like time
vedi to be like a dream
vefu to be vague or blurry
veki to be like a map
velê to be easy
vêqabo to be like a vowel (originally: va e qabo, sound that
is open)
vêqasa to be like a consonant (originally: va e qasa, sound
that is closed)
veze to be like a muscle
vi or
vî to be like a bird
v&ircirc;ra to be like iron
viva five
vîvî to vibrate
vo but
vô tomorrow
voji to be thick
vola to be like a mantid
vômu to cover
voqu to wipe
vovi to color, to impart color to
voxo to be purple
vozu to be like a direction
vu on the surface of
vû too; excessively
vue to be like a frog
vurû to be rough
vusu through (across the middle of)
wa to be real
wâ to be like an insect
wado to be rhomboidal, to have the shape of a diamond, or rhombus
waji to be like syrup
wajî to flow
wakû to swallow
wami to be willing to
wata to be liquid, to be classified as a liquid
waza to be like electricity
wazaxo to be shocked
we also, too
wê to be like a place
wea three
wêda to be triangular, to have the shape of a triangle
wedi to be like a closet
wêfi to be old-fashioned
wevi to be like a side
wewe to be like a stone
wi to be like a point
wî to be poor
wia to be like a neck
wiba always
wide alone
wikada to be like a toe
wime to miss (to be sad because [someone] is not around)
wimi to be like a fruit
wiqa never
wo he, him, she, her
wô to be true
wobu to be like a bladder
wode to grow [intransitive]
wofo to be sorry, to repent
womû to be like silt
wowô to form a hole, to be like a hole
wu to be like an idea
wû to be like life
wuna to be clear; of a vowel sound, to be non-stridulant
xa several
xâ to consider
xaku 8^8 (16,777,216)
Xaleya to be like Shaleya
xana to be like a girl (adolescent female sapient of any species)
xaxâ to be like a safe or bank where personal
money/treasures are kept
xaxu to be like a nail
xe to be bad
xê you, one, hypothetical person
xegu to be like a calendar
xekeke to be like a manzanita tree
xemexe to be like the otherworld
xemi to try, to attempt
xêne to fight
xeri to be important
xêvu to be like plaster
xewe to be clean
xexe to be like a lip or the lips
xi to begin, to start
xî someone, somebody
xifu 8^14 (4,398,046,511,104)
xîku to smell (put one's nose up to)
ximu to be like film
xipu to be the opposite of; to be opposite to
xita to be like a kind, type or sort
xiu to be like a (domestic) cat
xiwû to whisper
xo to get
xô to feel (emotionally)
xobo to be like a peach
xoda in terms of how it tastes
xonoye to be like yeast
xotû to dig
xoxo to be like one emotion
xu hi
xû to sleep
xubi 4,096
xubumi to be like a tower
xuda in terms of how it smells
xufu to be like garbage/rubbish
xui to be like a race (of sapient individual)
xûpu to be porous
ya then, next
yâ good-bye
yaa how, in what aspect
yako to be like meat
yani to be angry
yâpa to be like soil, to be like dirt
yapo to be like fiber
yata to hope
yâte how, to what degree
yâti to be like a vacation
yau how, by what means
yaxa to be born
yaxabi to be on or near someone's birthday
yaxu to dream (have an oneiric experience)
ye either (adverb)
yê because
yeduwa to be like hops (Humulus lupulus)
yefu to be healthy
yejo to be like a dragon
yema then, at that time
yeni to be like a little girl (female child sapient of any species)
yepi to be casual
yête to be like dust
yevu to be striped, to have stripes
yi up (adverb)
yî who, whom
yifemâ to be like a student
yigosu to be like a doctor
yigu to be like an artist
yijamu to be like a teacher
yimu to sew
yisimu to be like a shirt
yixêne to be like a warrior
yo [imperative marker]
yô one
yoa to be free
yode to be false
yôro to ferment
yosu why, for what reason
yoyu to be classified as matter, or as a substance, to be material
yozo to be like the body
yu to be like a car
yû most
yue where, at what place (adverb)
za thank you
zâ something
zadê to be like a race (contest to reach the finish line)
zaga 8^12 (68,719,476,726)
zaki to be like a shark
zaliya to be like seaweed
zavu to be like fabric
zayi to win
ze to be young
zê to buy
zedâ to be the purpose
zedô to be like a pen
zegû to tear, to rip
zemê to be sepia
zemubu to be like cheese
zeni to be yellow
zexue to be like a butterfly (insect of Lepidoptera at any life
stage)
zi soon
zî [pluperfect]
ziê to extract
zine to be dangerous
ziqi to bite
zite to be like acid
zo to find
zô around
zohi to be like a ghost
zokô to be ancient
zoo to be like a cloud
zôra to be like a solar system
zoro to be like an organ, to form part of the body
zôsatu to surround
zosu to be like a galaxy
zoxu to wonder
zu to feel (temperature)
zû you (pl.)
zuqo to be like a zuqo (a pear-shaped fruit with a skin with hard
brown scales)
zusa to be burgundy</pre>

Remi Villatel

unread,

Dec 17, 2003, 5:51:01 PM12/17/03

to savegra...@yahoo.com

Hi savegra...@yahoo.com,

My ISP didn't like your orthography so they decided to turn your post into
an expired one. ;-) I'm joking, of course. My ISP must have a too
effective spam filter on the alt.* hierarchie. :-\

I'm very fond of absolutely "alien" grammars like Hapoî, Kélen (all-noun)...
and çakesaarh [Cakesaa^x:] (my own all-noun conlang).

Any way, thanks a lot for Hapoî. (I got your post through Google.) Now, I
can update the copy of your site I've had on my hard disk for a long time. ;-)

See ya,

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