PATNEWS: Licensable technology from NIST
Gregory Aharonian
One of the Department of Commerce agencies, the National Institute of
Standards and Technology, located in Gaithersburg, Maryland, has asked me
to distribute the following list of licensable NIST patents. If you have
any interest in these technologies, use the following contact.
I wonder if there are any other Department of Commerce agencies dealing
with patents who could email me stuff for redistribution over my news
service to more effectively serve the public/customer. I guess not.
Greg Aharonian
Internet Patent News Service
P.O. Box 404, Belmont, MA, 02178
617-489-3727, pat...@world.std.com
(for info on free subscription, send 'help' to pat...@world.std.com )
(for prior art search services info, send 'prior' to pat...@world.std.com )
(for WWW patent searching, try http://sunsite.unc.edu/patents/intropat.html )
====================
From msal...@nist.gov Fri Jun 9 09:42:58 1995
Dear Greg,
Attached please find, per our phone conversation, the NIST Inventions with
abstracts. You may use my name as the POC. Phone number: 301-975-4188,
Fax number: 301-869-2751. Please contact me if you have questions.
Thank you,
Marcia Salkeld
NIST INVENTIONS
DOCKET # ABSTRACT
86-001 New NIST technology makes it possible to tailor metal layers within an
alloy to prevent catastrophic failure by dissipating deformations.
The technique could result in rationally designed alloys and
composites with superior electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical
properties.
88-037 Determining transient molecular species and energy transfer mechanisms
that occur during chemical reactions is important to understanding
fundamental phenomena in many areas of chemistry, physics,
biochemistry and manufacturing applications. This spectrometer is
designed to collect high spectral resolution, broad bandwidth infrared
(IR) spectra with femtosecond time resolution to identify the
structure and energy content of short-lived molecular transients
during photoinitiated reactions.
89-022 A design approach developed by NIST for a high-current, very wide band
transconductance amplifier will meet the increasing need for
calibration of state-of-the-art current devices. The amplifier's
unique design enables it to source currents up to 35 A rms at 100 kHz
with short term instability of less than 25 ppm.
89-024 The invention relates to methods for the production of diamond films
and laminates and methods for producing visible and infrared optical
devices. This invention provides a relatively economical and rapid
method for the production of transparent diamond film suitable for use
in an optical device.
89-031 A method of determining the index of refraction of an ambient
atmosphere, such as air. This measurement can then be used to enhance
the accuracy of a quantity measurement (such as measurement of
distance or length), for example, during the "step and repeat" process
of patterning integrated circuit wafers using photolithography.
89-042 The disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus for precisely
controlling the frequency of a laser, and for precise control of
distance. In a disclosed embodiment, a laser beam is split, modulated
to obtain a frequency differential, and coupled to an interferometer
which is designed to produce two processed beams having intensities
that vary at the same ac frequency, but at a phase difference that is
indicative of the laser frequency. The processed beams are converted
to ac electrical signals which are coupled to phase control circuitry.
The phase control circuitry determines the phase between the
electrical signals and produces a control signal for controlling the
laser frequency. Phase offset increments are introduced in the phase
detection process, these phases offset increments resulting in
controlled changes in the laser frequency. The laser frequency can be
computed and read out as a function of the phase offset increments.
In another embodiment, the control signal is used to accurately
control a distance.
90-002 NIST researchers have developed an improved method for magnetic
reading and recording using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). This
method could be useful to read and record information on standard
computer "hard drives", as well as to image microscopic magnetic
regions on the surface of magnetic materials.
90-009 NIST researchers have developed new glass compositions that absorb
neutrons without releasing gamma rays. These materials are effective
for general radiological shielding, shielding for instrumentation, and
defining the collimation of neutron beams.
90-011 A NIST processing method for producing nitrogenated stainless steels
and other alloys by gas atomization yields materials with greatly
improved mechanical and corrosion properties. Materials produced by
this new processing technology have very fine grains (2 micrometers),
reduced porosity, greatly improved homogeneity and microstructural
refinement due to rapid solidification.
90-012 A computer program and database which allows an analyst to extract
quantitative information from experimentally acquired x-ray spectra
and to simulate the experimental environment to generate theoretical
spectra. The program can be run on a desktop computer.
90-014 A method for enhancing the separation of polynucleotides for
polypeptides of various chain lengths using electrophoretic processes
to sharpen sample component zones and produce maximum resolution of
electrophorectically separate macromolecules by modifying the matrix
of the electrophoretic gel.
90-017 This NIST invention provides an error compensation method on machine
tools such as machining centers and turning centers. The method is
applicable to both existing and new designs of machine-tool
controllers (MTCs) which use "encoder-type" position feedback with two
square-waves as output signals.
90-019 A method of producing a dense compact of ultra-fine powder employs low
temperatures and high pressures to produce a very dense, nearly
ideally packed compact from a starting nano-sized powder. The final
product is capable of being easily hot-pressed or sintered to full
density.
90-021 NIST technology enables plasma etching and/or deposition on a specific
region of substrate exposed to processing agents. The remainder of
the substrate is left unexposed, providing physical access for
monitoring equipment.
90-026 A facile synthetic technology developed at NIST makes available a wide
range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic multifunctional acrylic monomers
and oligomers that are not readily available by other synthetic
processes.
90-030 NIST researchers have created a new class of monomers that undergo
double ring-opening polymerization with an expansion in volume. When
used in resinous compositions the result is a volume neutral curing
process at ambient temperature and a final product that exhibits high
adhesive strength.
90-030 NIST researchers have created a new class of monomers that undergo
double ring-opening polymerization with an expansion in volume. When
used in resinous compositions the result is a volume neutral curing
process at ambient temperature, and a final product that exhibits high
adhesive strength.
90-031 NIST technology makes it possible to determine the optimum time for
opening a mold during an injection molding process. The invention
indicates the solidification of a polymer through changes in the
fluorescence radiation from a dye which has been doped into the
polymer.
90-036 The invention is a magneto-optic iron film that greatly enhances Kerr
rotation compared with conventional iron films. The material could be
utilized in magneto-optic data storage media.
91-001 The oscillating tube densimeter provides a unique measurement of fluid
density. The invention consists of an electrically conducting tube,
through which the fluid is passed, surrounded by a magnet. A current
passed through the tube thus generates electromagetic forces. These
forces, in turn, generate a resonant frequency in the tube which can
be accurately determined through a measurement of the induced voltage.
Since the resonant frequency is dependent on the density of the fluid,
it can thus be correlated to this induced voltage.
91-002 Superconducting materials are used to sense the thermal environment in
low power cryogenic flow meters, bolometers, level detectors, etc.
This invention uses derivative functions of the voltage/current
relationship, or any other parameter indicative of the non-linearity
of this relationship, to control the current in these devices via a
feedback loop.
91-005 A novel NIST invention generates coherent, high-frequency power from a
two-dimensional array of Josephson junctions. The array has
demonstrated phase-locking at tunable frequencies from 60 to 250
gigahertz. Operating frequencies up to the superconducting gap (on
the order of 1.4 terahertz for niobium) could be achieved.
91-006 NIST researchers have created new fluorinated styrenes that are useful
as compatibilizing agents for improving the miscibility of various
polymer blends and alloys.
91-007 New NIST technology using x-ray photoelectron emission spectroscopy
makes it possible to obtain depth information on chemical species
located 1 to 5 nanometers beneath a material surface. The technique
eliminates distortions in the data which may result from changes in
position between the sample and electron spectrometer during analysis.
It also takes advantage of the x-ray reflectivity of the sample.
91-008 This invention provides smooth, high quality planar epitaxial films of
tin oxide. The films are valuable for use in chemical sensors, optics
and electronics; and the low cost fabrication method is well suited to
large scale production.
91-008D This invention provides smooth, high quality planar epitaxial films of
tin oxide. The films are valuable for use in chemical sensors, optics
and electronics; and the low cost fabrication method is well suited to
large scale production.
91-010 These thin-film thermocouples provide fast temperature measurements
and can operate in highly corrosive environments. The response speed
of these devices approach 1,000 times faster than commercially
available sheathed sensors. They can be miniaturized for use in harsh
environments.
91-011 NIST researchers have proposed a system for segmentation of
handwritten characters which increases the reliability of optical
recognizers. The technology reduces segmentation errors by a factor
of 4 or 5 for many applications.
91-013 This NIST technology analyzes and corrects errors in electronically
stored character strings derived from handwritten documents. A
processor has been designed to incorporate the technology, which
significantly improves optical character recognition of handwritten
data.
91-014 This invention is a system to calibrate phase modulation (PM) and
amplitude modulation (AM) noise measurement devices. The system can
be used to improve the performance of communication, navigation and
frequency and timing measurement equipment.
91-017 NIST researchers have developed a system to sample the sizes,
geometrical distribution, and frequency of small particles
accumulating on a solid surface. The system is ideal for detecting
particulate contamination in integrated circuit manufacturing.
91-020 NIST researchers have invented a new electrical test structure to
provide measurements of the separations of conducting features on an
insulating substrate with uncertainties typically below 10 nm.
Measurement dynamic repeatability is nominally less than 1 nm.
Absolute accuracy has been determined by comparing measurements of the
same feature separations with those made by the NIST line-scale
interferometer which has traceability to absolute length standards.
91-020CIP NIST researchers have invented a new electrical test structure to
provide measurements of the separations of conducting features on an
insulating substrate with uncertainties typically below 10 nm.
Measurement dynamic repeatability is nominally less than 1 nm.
Absolute accuracy has been determined by comparing measurements of the
same feature separations with those made by the NIST line-scale
interferometer which has traceability to absolute length standards.
91-020CIP2 NIST researchers have invented a new electrical test structure to
provide measurements of the separations of conducting features on an
insulating substrate with uncertainties typically below 10 nm.
Measurement dynamic repeatability is nominally less than 1 nm.
Absolute accuracy has been determined by comparing measurements of the
same feature separations with those made by the NIST line-scale
interferometer which has traceability to absolute length standards.
91-021 Double stranded DNA in close contact with an optical fiber has been
used as a media for the evanescent detection of polyaromatic
hydrocarbons. The technique takes advantage of the ability of these
compounds to compete with and displace a fluorescent intercalating dye
in a manner similar to a typical immunoassay. The greater the
concentration of the competing intercalator, the lower the detected
fluorescence of the detector molecule.
91-023 This NIST invention is a solar water heating system where the
resistance of an electric heater and/or electrical configuration of an
array of solar cells is varied so as to optimize the power generation.
The invention is useful as a water heater, a water pre-heater, or as a
power source for other purely resistive loads such as electric heating
elements in a residential hot air duct.
92-001 Newly patented NIST thermocouples offer improved sensitivity in a
thin-film design which permits miniaturization. The Seebeck
coefficient of the NIST devices is almost 9 times higher than
competing thermocouples.
92-002 NIST lubricants dramatically reduce the friction coefficient of
silicon-carbide ceramics, thereby minimizing wear. Lubrication is
critical to the successful use of moving ceramic parts in a variety of
applications.
92-003 NIST technology accurately detects transition and rare earth elements
in environmental materials and natural waters, industrial waste,
biological fluids, and other samples. The system is sensitive enough
to detect these elements below the parts-per-billion level.
92-004 NIST researchers have proposed a system for optically recognizing any
patterns, including handwritten characters, using a parallel computer.
The technology is faster than software-based recognizers, and less
expensive than laser-based optical systems.
92-005 NIST researchers have proposed an inexpensive optical system for
achieving optical pattern recognition at speeds up to 1 million
characters per second. The NIST technology is suitable for use in
simple hardware, as a reliable alternative to costly laser-based
optical pattern recognizers.
92-006 NIST researchers have developed a bi-flow expansion device that cuts
hardware and installation costs associated with heat pumps. The NIST
invention replaces two expansion devices and check valves with a
single stationary flow restrictor.
92-008 A method of monitoring and controlling the gas metal arc welding
process. The weld elecrical signals contain information on the the
welding process characteristics. This invention monitors the welding
process using a personal computer and develops control responses from
the information contained in these signals.
92-012 NIST researchers have developed a technique for improving the accuracy
of voltage measurements produced by sampling comparators. The
technique reduces waveform distortion and dramatically reduces
settling time (i.e., the time it takes to make an accurate measurement
following an abrupt input change).
92-013 The analysis of aerosol particle mass is important in a number of
fields including chemical process control, air pollution analysis and
ceramic powder production and use. Current devices used to classify
aerosol particles do so based on size and then make some assumptions
to estimate the weight. This new device is capable of classifying the
particles according to specific weight and thereby particle mass.
92-016 A NIST process makes the machining of ceramic materials more practical
and cost-effective. The process uses halogenated hydrocarbons to
machine ceramic materials. This increases the rate of material
removal by 40-100 percent and reduces the surface roughness by 40-60
percent.
92-017 A method of electroforming metallic glasses to produce dental
prostheses and the resulting prostheses. The method uses a cobalt-
phosphorus metallic glass alloy that produces prostheses with superior
strength and high corrosion resistance.
92-023 This invention is a device for cooling a fluid sample during infrared
(IR) spectrophotometry. The device is simpler and less expensive than
previous methods and results in more uniform cooling of samples.
92-024D Rapid, accurate fabrication of structures smaller than 100 nanometers
should be possible using newly patented NIST technology. The
invention employs a probe-tip extension or an array of extensions to
precisely control a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or etching
process.
92-026CIP The accuracy of clocks and oscillators can be enhanced using NIST
technology for predicting random errors based on past performance.
Using the NIST technology, for example, the accuracy of an inexpensive
stopwatch can be improved by a factor of 20.
92-028 A fast procedure for deblurring images incorporates a new type of
a-priori constraint that sharply suppresses noise contamination, is
applicable in very diverse imaging contexts and requires only a
workstation-sized computer.
92-030 Newly patented NIST technology enhances acoustic-microscopy detection
of flaws at the interface between two materials. The technology
permits non-invasive analysis of an interface of any size.
92-032 Acoustic microscopy technology developed at NIST permits imaging of
stresses inside bulk materials. The non-invasive technique could be
automated to provide faster, more efficient analysis.
92-036 Several oxygen-containing compounds have been identified as having
boundary lubricating capability with silicon nitride ceramics.
Effective lubrication can be obtained over a range of molecular weight
and concentration, with some compounds suitable at concentrations of
as little as 1% in a paraffinic oil.
92-037 B-hydroxyhistidine, 4-(1-hydroxy-1-alkyl) imidazole or derivitives
thereof can be used as a bidentate ligands in the chelation of iron
(III), Cr (III), Ga (III) and the actinides (IV), such as plutonium
238. B-hydroxyhistidine is a pyoverdine-type siderophore produced by
Pseudomonas flourescense 244. The ligands may be useful in developing
new chelation theraphy, and other areas where specific metal-ion
chelation is needed.
92-038 This invention allows real time measurement of the progress of a
chemical reaction at a electrochemical interface. This is done by
utilizing a coherent light source, without removing the solid
interface from the sample and without stopping the chemical reaction.
The light sources used in the invention, which can include a helium
neon laser or a solid state laser, monitor the progress of a reaction
by detecting changes in reactionary surface roughness and
polarizability. A wide range of chemical reactions may be measured,
including, for example, metal finishing, electrochemical machining,
corrosion protection, metal deposition, electrochemical production,
waste water treatment, or electrowining.
92-039 Existing lithography techniques can produce semiconductor features as
small as 2 nanometers, but a NIST approach might result in even
smaller features. The NIST technique would use metastable rare gas
atoms to expose a lithographic resist.
92-042 Automated, error-free analysis of lattice structures is now possible
using the theory of Converse-Transformation analysis. The NIST
algorithms and software, when coupled with existing materials
databases, enable single-crystal diffractometers and analytical
electron microscopes to be used for routine identification of unknown
materials.
92-044CIP Newly patented technology provides improved control of gas-metal-
arc welding (GMAW) and reduces material flaws caused by process
perturbations. The technique relates arc light intensity to arc
length, which corresponds with arc voltage, indicating metal-transfer
frequency.
92-045 NIST researchers have designed low-cost micro-hotplates that can be
used for materials processing on a microscopic scale. Hundreds of
these individually temperature controlled hotplates can be arranged on
a single wafer and used for such purposes as investigating micro-
samples of materials or for maskless lithography.
92-046 This invention is a method to produce temperature-controlled sensors
using arrays of integrated micro-hotplates. The sensors are ideal for
analyzing complex chemical mixtures, and the method to produce them is
easily adapted for production-scale manufacturing.
92-047 NIST researchers have designed low-cost micro-hotplates that can be
used for materials processing on a microscopic scale. Hundreds of
these individually temperature controlled hotplates can be arranged on
a single wafer and used for such purposes as investigating micro-
samples of materials or for maskless lithography.
92-049 NIST researchers have successfully demonstrated a flux-concentration
technique for enhancing the sensitivity of magneto-optic magnetic
field sensors. The resulting Faraday effect sensor is 200 times more
sensitive than the magneto-optic material alone.
92-050 NIST technology generates tomographic images of solid objects that can
only be examined from a single side. Based on Compton scattering of
gamma rays or X-rays, the NIST-generated images reveal different
densities within a material.
92-051 A NIST process deposits chromium plating up to 600 microns thick,
without using or generating carcinogenic byproducts. The plating
process uses non-toxic trivalent chromium and the plating is three to
four times harder, after heating, than depositions using hexavalent
chromium.
92-052 Linewidth measurements are made on integrated circuit test structures
via magnetic coupling, removing the need for electrical contacts. A
potential source of contamination is eliminated which reduces the
possibility of circuit damage during testing.
92-054 To identify those at high risk of developing breast cancer, this
diagnostic tool measures the amount of a hormone byproduct associated
with tumor growth. The "flow injection immunoanalysis" (FIIA) system
developed at NIST could also measure chemicals, viruses, bacteria, or
environmental pollutants in blood, soil, rainwater, and other samples.
92-056 A novel computer method allows for more efficient identification of
misspelled words contained in large databases. The method is readily
applicable for improving the reliability of "mechanical eyes" used,
for example, for sorting mail or reading census bureau forms. The
method, which is an improvement of the method described in U.S. Patent
5,329,598 (see NIST Docket No. 91-013), is designed for parallel
implementation as an integrated circuit chip.
93-001 NIST researchers have developed new alloys that possess superior
combinations of room and high temperature mechanical properties.
These low density titanium-aluminum-niobium-chromium alloys could find
use in a new generation of jet turbines, in aircraft bodies, or as
metal-matrix composites.
93-002 NIST researchers have developed a technique for fabricating improved
composites using fibers coated with a ceramic matrix material. The
coating technique makes it possible to achieve controlled, uniform
positioning of fibers within a ceramic matrix.
93-003 Two substrates can be joined together by exploiting the natural
attraction between acidic and basic molecules. A new acid-base
bonding technique developed at NIST permits strong (yet reversible)
adhesion without substantially altering material properties near or
across the interface.
93-004D NIST researchers have designed a new process for tailoring extremely
thin metal layers within an alloy. The process allows strength,
conductivity, thermal expansion and other properties to be optimized
at various levels below a material surface.
93-014 NIST researchers have developed very strong, fracture-resistant
welding alloys able to withstand the cryogenic temperatures required
to operate superconducting magnets.
93-016 New NIST alloys are about 50 percent lighter than other alloys used in
aerospace and industrial applications. They are very ductile at room
temperatures and provide excellent strength at high temperatures.
93-019 New NIST technology shows promise for creating three-dimensional
nanostructures. Using light to "steer" chromium atoms, the technique
can make rows of atoms 65 nanometers (nm) wide with 213 nm spacing.
The ultimate limit is expected to be structures with widths as small
as 5 to 10 nm.
93-020 NIST researchers have developed new machining techniques for oxide
ceramics. These techniques include the use of new cutting fluids
containing boric acid for assisting in the machining of oxide ceramics
and glass ceramics.
93-022D Fluorinated styrenes which can be used in polymer blends to provide
for compatibilization, toughening or special functional applications
such as refractive index matching and birefringence-reducing
applications.
93-025CIP The NIST technology offers improved control for "growing"
semiconductor materials by molecular beam epitaxy. The invention
simultaneously monitors flux characteristics of many gaseous species
being deposited on a substrate.
93-026 This invention is a novel method of preparing slurries of fine ceramic
powders in which the ceramic particles are dispersed more effectively.
The resulting ceramic products have higher green densities which makes
them useful in many applications, including high temperature
components.
93-028C NIST researchers have developed new materials and systems that make
magnetic refrigeration practical for household uses. The materials
are atomically-engineered superparamagnetic materials that exhibit a
large magnetocaloric effect at selected temperatures.
93-036CIP In the 21st century, making a 4-gigabit computer chip will require
accurately stacking together many circuit layers with nanometer-scale
features. To help make such devices a reality, NIST researchers have
developed a procedure for measuring alignment flaws smaller than 10
nanometers.
93-038 NIST has developed a new biosensor for glucose based on using a
graphite paste of glucose oxidase and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ)
in a flow injection analysis system.
93-040 NIST researchers have developed a system to stabilize an underwater
work platform in six degrees of freedom. Suspended by cables beneath
a surface vessel, the platform is stabilized through the use of
winches and motion sensors even when the surface vessel is disturbed
by waves.
93-042 This invention is a method to form photochromic compositions and
materials from the light-sensitive protein, bacteriorhodopsin. The
invention can record and store information in real time.
93-047 New NIST technology provides a photopatterning process to precisely
control the spatial position of thiol compounds on a surface. The
process creates a monolayer that can be used to bind biological
species such as proteins or enzymes at known locations on a surface,
and could be very important for a variety of technologies including
biosensing, immunoassay diagnostics, pharmacological testing, and cell
growth studies.
93-051 An aqueous chemical route to a bismuth telluride precursor is
described. Bismuth telluride is readily generated from the precursor
by hydrogen reduction at 275 deg C, and exhibits a particle size of
about 100nm. The process provides fine-particle, polycrystalline
bismuth telluride from commonly available chemicals in yields
exceeding 90%.
93-053 The invention includes a method of preparing a thin film metal
silicide thermoelements for thermocouples with superior durability in
air at 700-900 degress Celsius and thermocouples made using this
structure.
93-054CIP A fast procedure for deblurring images incorporates a new type of
a-priori constraint that sharply suppresses noise contamination, is
applicable in very diverse imaging contexts and requires only a
workstation-sized computer.
93-057 NIST engineers have developed a technique to detect and prevent the
onset of contact tube melting in gas metal arc and flux cored arc
welding. Anticipating the problem enables interruption of the welding
power supply and prevention of contact tube melting.
93-059 This NIST invention is a system of mechanical joints and clamps for
assembling lightweight struts into a rigid structure. The system is
designed to hold several large objects, such as telescope mirrors, in
precise and stable positions relative to each other.
93-060D This NIST invention provides a means of precisely and rapidly varying
the thrust produced by a high pressure fluid. The control system uses
a piezoelectric stack, displacement amplifier, and high pressure axial
valve assembly. A microprocessor (along with the associated energy
storage and power amplifier system) can change the displacement of the
piezoelectric stack in as little as ten microseconds.
93-061 This device is an optical fiber sensor which can be inserted into the
mold cavity of an injection molding machine. The sensor can "view" a
polymer resin during the mold filling and resin cooling phases of the
process cycle. By detecting light reflections from the polymer and
back surface of the mold, it is possible to monitor crystallization
and shrinkage of the resin.
93-062 Polyaromatic compounds can be detected electrochemically by
displacement of an electroactive DNA intercalated agent through
competition with the compound under investigation. Electroactive DNA
intercalating agents can be sequestered into double stranded DNA,
where they become unavailable for electrochemical detection. Addition
of a competing agent will displace the electroactive species such that
it can be detected at an electrode surface amperometrically.
Technology available for commercial use without a license.
93-063 Polymeric composites that can provide long-term release of calcium and
phosphate ions in biological environments at levels conducive to the
formation of hydroxyapatite have been developed. These composites
utilize as their filler phase amorphous calcium phosphate, which is
highly soluble and rapidly converts to hydroxyapatite. Such
biomaterials have the potential to remineralize defective mineralized
tissues such as bone or teeth.
93-072C A NIST neural network has been developed which allows patterns to be
filtered, recognized, and classified with no prespecified class or
filtering information. The technology allows adaptive, high accuracy,
parallel classification of complex noisy patterns from a small set of
training examples.
94-001CIP This invention is an improvement of an earlier invention, Method and
Apparatus for Precisely Measuring Voltage Applied to X-Ray Sources
(U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/021,232). The new invention
allows the accurate measurement of the accelerating voltage applied to
an x-ray tube. Variation in accelerating voltage affects the amount
of radiation penetrating the radiated object and thus the contrast of
the resulting radiographic image. In certain diagnostic applications,
e.g. mammography and coronary angiography, radiographic contrast is
critical to making an accurate diagnosis. The invention allows
precise measurement of the accelerating voltage and thus accurate
calibration of x-ray equipment to ensure proper contrast in the
resulting images.
94-004 An encircling electromagnetic-acoustic transducer provides a means of
exciting and detecting specified types of ultrasonic resonant
vibrations in cylindrical metallic objects. This device is useful for
a variety of sensing applications where material properties or
external parameters must be determined.
94-005 NIST researchers have designed a microcalorimeter based x-ray detector
using a normal-metal absorber and a normal-insulator-superconductor
tunnel junction thermometer. The detector has very fast response
time, on the order of 10 to 100 microseconds, and is capable of
detecting a minimum energy of 1 eV.
94-008 The invention is a superconducting integrated circuit that uses a
digital input to rapidly select any one of several thousand quantized
output voltages. The voltages are generated directly by microwave
synchronized Josephson junctions and are as accurate as the externally
generated microwave frequency. The circuit makes fast voltage
comparisons and the digital synthesis of ultra-accurate AC waveforms
possible. The AC waveform's amplitude derives directly from the
internationally accepted definition of the volt.
94-011D NIST researchers have created new fluorinated styrenes that are useful
as compatibilizing agents for improving the miscibility of various
polymer blends and alloys.
94-011D2 NIST researchers have created new fluorinated styrenes that are useful
as compatibilizing agents for improving the miscibility of various
polymer blends and alloys.
94-012 NIST researchers have developed an accumulator distillation insert
that improves the efficiency of heat pumps. The insert is cost-
effective because it only requires minor modifications to an existing
system, it does not change the basic refrigeration cycle, and it adds
no additional moving parts or valves.
94-017CIP New NIST technology makes visualing internal stresses in solid
materials in three dimensions possible. By using an acoustic
microscope, an ultrasonic generator and a computer, this technology
measures residual stresses and their distribution as a function of
depth.
94-019 This invention is a novel process to produce transparent, hard carbon
nitride films. The films are useful on lenses, windows, and mirrors
where durability is often limited by scratches or other means of
surface damage.
94-028 NIST researchers have designed a cable arrangement and platform that
completely stabilizes a load during lifting. The invention is
attachable to both boom and tower cranes, and is useful for tasks such
as loading cargo onto ships and moving materials at construction
sites.
95-012 The use of 10-methacryloxydecyltrimethoxysilane (MDTMS), a
hydrophobic, long chain hydrocarbon bifunctional silane agent, results
in acrylic polymer matrix composites with significantly higher filler
loadings. Such composites have been shown to exhibit enhanced
strength and durability. Because of the lower polymer content of
these composites they are expected to exhibit reduced polymerization
shrinkage and water sorption. Technology available for commercial use
without a license.
95-020 New NIST developed experimental and analytical procedures (the latter
embodied in software) allow: 1) estimation of the tip or stylus
geometry in scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy (STM and
AFM) and stylus profiling; 2) correction of images for tip artifacts.
Technology available for commercial use without a license.
95-023D A NIST process deposits chromium plating up to 600 microns thick. The
plating process uses non-toxic trivalent chromium to produce a plating
three to four times harder, after heating, than depositions using
hexavalent chromium.