example, they cannot simply walk into a bank and deposit their earnings
without creating problems. Since their cash sales are illegal, they must
first "cleanse" the drug-tainted money to give it legitimacy, a process
commonly known as "money laundering. " For the Colombians, laun-
dering their drug profits in the U.S. has become almost more difficult
than distributing the cocaine.
Under current U.S. law, any bank or other financial institution handling
a cash transaction of $10,000 or more is required to fill out a Currency
Transaction Report. (Department stores and other retail merchants who
regularly deposit that much cash can request an exemption from this
requirement.) The CTR must include the customer's name, address, So-
cial Security number, occupation, and the source and destination of the
funds. All CTRs are sent to a central IRS office where they are recorded
in a computerized data bank available to federal investigators.
Those who try to avoid such records face a similar obstacle if they
take their money out of the country. Anyone leaving the U.S. with
$10,000 or more in cash, traveler's checks, or bank checks must file a
Currency and Monetary Instrument Report with the Customs Service at
the point of departure. (The limit on CMIRs was $5,000 until 1984, but
it was raised to $10,000 because so many businessmen and high-rollers;
now carry that much cash on their trips abroad that the paperwork became;
too burdensome.) ;
It is perfectly legal to deposit more than $10,000 in cash or take such
amounts out of the country. What is illegal is to do so without filing the
proper federal currency forms. Since those forms tend to attract attention
and invite curiosity as to the source of the funds, Colombian drug traf-
fickers and those engaged in other illegal enterprises are naturally
reluctan'
to file them.
Until the early 1980s these currency laws were rarely enforced wi
much rigor, particularly in Miami. Bankers there had grown accustom
to dealing with Hispanic depositors who pulled up in vans and dragg,
in duffel bags stuffed with cash. While many bankers may have suspect
the source of these cash deposits, they could not prove it. Besides, '
would be both unprofitable and unhealthy to inquire. Some bankers n:.
ceived discreet commissions for accepting the funds without question
Most just smiled and watched the numbers grow on their daily summaries'
In some cases the Colombians bought controlling interest in existing b
or even established their own, using Americans as front men.
The extent to which drug money has been flooding Miami's banks '
illustrated by one. case in which the government prosecutor proved th
_
the cash deposited by the defendant contained traces of cocaine. The
defendant's shrewd lawyer countered by obtaining samples of cash from
a dozen major banks in the city and sending them to a lab for testing.
Sure enough, most were similarly tainted by cocaine.
Since federal agents began cracking down on the banks in Florida, the
Colombians' cash has begun showing up in banks in Texas, California,
and New York. It has also appeared at cashiers' windows at casinos in
L s Vegas and Atlantic City, where bills in small denominations can be
easily exchanged for those of greater value.
lVlost of the cash eventually makes its way back to Miami from the
major U.S. markets. One indication comes from the Federal Reserve
Bank in Miami, which accumulates more currency than any other branch
in the country. Federal authorities attribute much of it to the influx of
"narco-dollars. "
While the flood of Colombian drug money has helped fuel Florida's
economic boom and brought joy to real estate firms, it has also drawn
unwanted attention, typified by the city's image as portrayed in "Miami
Vice." Local wags joke that if the Colombians suddenly withdrew all
their investments most of Miami's high-rise buildings would crumble and
most of its banks would close.
The Colombians in Miami have invested much of their drug money in
real estate, buying up office and apartment buildings and waterfront man-
sions without haggling much about prices. Theoretically, federal currency
laws also apply to such large cash purchases, but the Colombians have
found plenty of real estate brokers willing to ignore or circumvent those
requirements.
While Cadillac and Mercedes dealers and luxury yacht brokers are also
supposed to file CTRs for cash transactions over $10,000, many have
found creative ways to avoid such annoying paperwork. When I asked a
Customs agent if those dealers might feel nervous about accepting pay-
ment from known drug dealers, he laughed at my naivete. "Are you
kidding?" he said. "You think they're going to worry about a guy who
comes in and wants to pay $50,000 in cash with no haggling over the
price? You think they're going to ask him a lot of embarrassing questions
about how he made the money, particularly if he's buying several cars
a year? Hell, they'll pour him champagne while they sign the papers."
Drug kingpins tend to buy luxury cars, yachts, and other ostentatious
toys not only because these are the customary rewards of success in their
trade but also because they have few other ways to spend their huge
profits. Some have tried to purchase legitimacy with contributions to
local
museums, symphonies, and other cultural institutions; others have da
bled in the creative arts on their own. The results have not always broug
the respectability they hoped for.
One Colombian drug family in Miami financed a four-million-doll
horror movie called Island Claws, about a giant crab that goes on
rampage in revenge for human pollution. For various reasons the fil
bombed. Soon afterward the producer's and director's cinematic caref
ended abruptly when both men were indicted for cocaine trafficking.
Although the Colombian drug families are fond of Miami for vacatio
and shopping, the newly enforced currency laws have made banking the
increasingly troublesome. Besides, they prefer to keep the bulk of tht
money closer to home: either in Colombia or in neighboring Panam
where government and bank officials have been more hospitable than
the U.S. Attracted mostly by Colombian drug money, the number
banks in Panama grew from twenty in 1979 to more than a hundred I
1984.
Not one to miss such an opportunity, Panama's dictator, General Ma
uel Noriega, reportedly demanded his own share of the Colombian narc
do lars. According to testimony at a U. S. Senate hearing, the Cartel pa
Noriega and his c, ies many millions of dollars in exchange for thc
hospitality and protection. This took such forms as the use of milita
airfields, armored cars, and armed escorts for transporting the cash to d
banks, plus limousines and bodyguards for Cartel executives.
In the U. S. , the rapid growth of the cocaine industry combined wi
the enforcement of federal currency laws has created a booming busine
for money launderers. Much of the drug money ends up in accounts
banks and brokerage houses; a good deal of it is converted into cashiet
y g
checks, traveler s checks, bearer bonds, or other easil ne otiable form
Some rings have converted their money into airline tickets. Much of
is filtered through supposedly legitimate retail businesses that
customari;
deal in cash: pizza parlors, video-rental stores, fast-food restaurants.
Because of the sheer bulk of the cash they must handle, most dru
dealers try to convert the many small bills they receive from their cu
tomers into more convenient denominations, hundreds being the favoriG
(That's why the Colombians in New York always paid Air America
pilots with small bills and sent the bigger ones back to Colombia.) Wha
the Treasury Department began tracking the flow of hundred-dollar bil
over the past few years, it discovered that half the $5 billion in hundre
printed every year are being shipped abroad. Since most legitim
_
overseas financial transactions take the form of wire transfers or bank
checks, this huge movement of bills looks suspiciously like money
laundering.
At rates up to $50,000 for handling $1 million in cash, money laun-
dering attraets many otherwise respectable folks who would never sully
their hands with anything as sordid as drug dealing. In recent years, for
example, federal agents working on money-laundering cases have arrested
numerous bankers and stockbrokers, a state senator from New York, and
three DEA agents in Los Angeles.
While the fees for this crime have risen, so have the penalties and the
number of cases. Under a tough antidrug law enacted in 1986, money
laundering is now punishable by up to twenty years in prison and fines
up to $500,000 or twice the value of the amount handled. The IRS
currently has about 4,500 money-laundering cases under investigation,
and nearly 3,000 more under review. "Money laundering has really come
of age," says Bruce Milburn, head of the IRS's criminal investigation
division. "Four years ago I probably had fifty agents working money
laundering. I now have about 350 to 400. "
In one "sting operation" that actually handled $300 million in cash
in 1987, FBI and DEA agents busted a money-laundering ring with
branches in New York, Miami, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, and San
Francisco. In another money-laundering case in 1988, Customs agents
arrested eighty-five people, including nine officers of the Bank of Credit
and Commerce International in Tampa. The indictment charged the BCCI
with moving millions of dollars in drug money from its branch banks in
several U.S. cities to its branches in Panama, the Bahamas, Luxembourg,
France, and England. In 1988 federal agents charged 127 people in New
York, Atlanta, Miami, and San Francisco with laundering $1.2 billion
in cocaine profits over two years. Most of the money ended up in the
Banco de Occidente's branches in Colombia and Panama. "For some
international banks," said Customs commissioner William von Raab,
"the sleaze factor is higher than their interest rates."
Along with Panama, another favorite destination for drug profits is
Switzerland, whose bank secrecy laws have provided a traditional refuge
for dictators, terrorists, embezzlers, and others seeking financial
privacy.
Even there, however, things are changing. In December 1988, Swiss
authorities charged two Lebanese with laundering more than $ 1 billion
in drug money, much of it from Colombian cocaine traffickers. According
to Peter Gasser, the Swiss government prosecutor, "The difficulty is that
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
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THE NEW PIZZA CONNECTION
Feds: Arrests of 14 take out `Pizza Connection'
Associated Press
A drug ring used two pizza shops and a car dealership in South Jersey for
narcotics trafficking and money laundering, federal authorities said
yesterday as they arrested 14 suspects.
Officers observed school-age children buying drugs at both shops, said FBI
Agent Robert J. Cordier.
The ring used methods exposed in the ``Pizza Connection'' case of a decade
ago, said Cordier, the No. 2 agent in New Jersey.
In that case, members of the Sicilian Mafia were convicted in New York of
smuggling more than $1.6 billion worth of heroin and cocaine through a
network of pizza parlors.
One of the accused leaders of the New Jersey ring is a nephew of the main
``Pizza Connection'' defendant, Gaetano Badalamenti, reputed former head
of the Mafia in Sicily.
Badalamenti is serving his 45-year term at Fairton Federal Prison in
Cumberland County.
The nephew, Giacomo Gallina, operates Stefano's Pizzeria and Ristorante in
Mount Laurel.
Gallina, 32, of Mount Laurel, and another accused leader, Giovanni
Saponara, 36, are both from Carini, Sicily, the FBI said.
Saponara, of Philadelphia, owns Don Giovanni Foods, a distributor serving
pizzerias in South Jersey and Philadelphia, authorities said.
Among others charged was Vito Evola, 31, of Delran, operator of Sal's
Pizza in Palmyra, who is believed to be Sicilian; four pizzeria workers,
and two Middlesex County men who authorities said shuttled the drugs south
from New York, then returned with cash.
All 14 are charged with conspiring to distribute cocaine and heroin.
The arrests followed a 14-month investigation that included drug
purchases, wiretaps and secret recordings by undercover agents.
The conversations, some of which were in the Sicilian dialect of Italian,
that revealed the words ``pizza,'' ``cheese,'' ``pizza sauce,'' ``cars''
and ``houses'' referred to drugs, according to court papers filed by the
FBI.
``As in the old Pizza Connection case, we had the pizza shops being
utilized as fronts for the sale of heroin and cocaine,'' Cordier said.
``They have now taken their business, their product and operations
south.''
``On some days, the volume of drug calls exceeded calls for pizza,'' he
said.
The ring attempted to operate below the radar of federal authorities
focused on drug cartels, and on a scope that local police could not
handle, Cordier said.
Gallina is also charged with laundering drug money, along with the finance
manager at Holman Mitsubishi, Angelo Leonardi, and Bruce Carlino, the used
car manager at Holman Imports, both in Maple Shade, by purchasing two
cars.
The dealership's owner and other managers are not implicated, Cordier
said, calling Leonardi and Carlino ``rogue employees.''
The general manager of Holman's Maple Shade operations, Adele Shaffer,
said they learned of the investigation yesterday and are cooperating.
Leonardi, 37, of Voorhees, and Carlino, 37, of Marlton, have worked at
Holman for about five years, she said.
`
`As an organization, we have a very strong policy against money
laundering,'' Shaffer said.
THE COMMUNIST CONNECTION
Drug probe nears end as Bulgarian sentenced
By JERRY LYNOTT
Times Leader Staff Writer
SCRANTON -- An international drug trafficking investigation all but ended
Friday with the 10-year prison sentence a federal judge imposed on a
Bulgarian man for his role in the organization that shipped almost 23
pounds of amphetamine to the United States.
The sentencing of Robert Moore, 59, of Sofia, Bulgaria shows that federal
authorities will "go the ends of the earth" to track down drug
traffickers, said U.S. Attorney David Barasch during a press conference.
The suspected ring leader, Blagoy Solakov, 54, remains a fugitive in the
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Barasch said he is optimistic
Solakov will be arrested and prosecuted in his native land.
To date, eight of the nine people charged in connection with the
organization have pleaded guilty and been sentenced. Among them is
Solakov's son, Michael Solakov, 25, of Fords, N.J., and three men who went
to high school in the Poconos.
Most of those who pleaded guilty acted as couriers who traveled between
the United States and Bulgaria. They carried thousands of dollars of cash
in bags of coffee and returned wearing phony casts loaded with kilograms
of the illegal drug worth an estimated $442,000 on the street.
A federal grand jury indicted both Moore and Blagoy Solakov on Jan. 16,
1996, on charges they conspired to import amphetamines into the United
States and with the intent of distributing the illegal drugs. With the
help of a tip, Moore was arrested as he attempted to enter the country
through the John F. Kennedy Airport in New York six days later.
Moore was convicted in U.S. District Court, Scranton last September.
U.S. District Judge Edwin Kosik sentenced Moore to 121 months in prison
for his role in the organization from 1992 through May 1995.
Also sentenced in connection with the organization were:
•Hassan Aboul-Ezz, 25, Bartonsville, 37 months in prison. •Michael
Solakov, 33 months. •Joseph Kush III, 29, Northampton, 18 months. •Walter
Struss, 46, Walnutport, 18 months. •Daniel Thierry, 24, Bartonsville, 15
months. •Brian Maher, 25, Edison, N.J., 10 months. •Jimmy Eralie, 24, Cape
Coral, Fla. 12 months.
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
________________________________-
LETS MEET Rik Luytjes I scanned this in from a copy of the Scranton times
I know there are a lot of mistakes from the ocr software but this will
give you an idea who is who and what is and was going on.
This is from 1990
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------e
iut Rlk
efice)
er i n Scranton
out to
By Joseph X. Flannery
TIMES SPECIAL WfiITER
A book about a drug transporta-
tion ring headquartered in this area
is a red hot item, judging by the
speed with which they sold out
during a book-signing session at
The Globe Store on Friday.
"Traffickin : The Boom and
Bust of the Air America Cocaine
Ring," has generated more interest
that any other book in years, ac-
cording to Louann Intoccia, man-
ager of the store's book
dc artment.
author Bcrkcley Rice, who drove
here from his home at Terrytown,
N Y., was frustrated by the fact
that the last volume the store had
was sotd out by about 12:20 p.m.,
just 20 minut8s after he had begun
autographing the books.
Within mmutes, Rice completed
arrangements with the store to
return on Monday for another book-
signing session. Meanwhile, he
plans to be at Tudor Book Shop,
Clark's Summit, at noon today to
sign his books and at Paperback
Booksmith aC Viewmonth Mall at 2
p.m. for more of the same.
The $22.95 books, published by
Macmillan Publishing Co, tells the
story of Rik Luytjes and a com-
pany he set up, first in Fleetville
and later at Wilkes-Barre-Scranton
International Airport, to modify
small airplanes to give them
greater flytng range.
While the business was legitimate
on its face, it actually.was a cover
from 1981 to 1984 for a drug trans-
portation ring that made about $40
million for its owner and principal
employes flying drugs from Colom-
bia into the United States and
flying' out cash from here to there.
The book was originally sched-
uled to be released for sale on Feb.
7 but a premature publication of a
review in The New York Times
Magazine on Jan 7 caused the
publisher to begin rushing books to
market on a piecemeal basis. Thus
most stores that ordered them got
small shipments. The Globe's t5rst
allocation of 100 books arrived
Wednesday afternoon. Of those
only about 60 were still available
Friday morning And only about 20
copies were left when the author
began the autographing session.
The store expects another 200 books
this afternoon.
Among the buyers who had Rice
sign a book was William Seamans
who with his brother, Robert, runs
an airport in Fleetville where
Luytjes originally set up opera-
tions.
Seamans had some choice - and
unprintable - words to say about
the man who buflt an lllegal busl-
ness under his nose. Not content
that the whole story has been told
yet, Seamans said many more local :
rsons should have been arrested.
e carried with him a plastic bag
of papers - cli pings from newspa-
pers and other items - that he said
he was turning over to Rice, just in
case the tatter wants to write any
more on the subject.
However, Rice, who has writtert
three prior books, saicj he lans no
more writings on the Luyt es case,
but he would be interested in modi-
fying the book for the movies or
televi8ion, if the publisher can
make such a deal. He said he anrl
his family lived vith the Luytjes
story for over two years and he got
tired of it dominatmg dinner table
conversations.
Richard R. Goodman, former di-
rector of the U.S. Customs Service
at the Wilkes-Barre-Scranton Inter-
national Airport, bought a book and
had it autographed. Now retired, he
whispered to Rice that Luytjes ·
should have been arrested much
earlier than he was.
Richard Van Fleet of Handsome
Lake Road, Fleetville, was' among
the persons who arrived too late to
buy a book but said he'd t to get
one in Clark's Summit t ay. He
said he was interested because he
installed air conditioning in some of.
the planes that Luytjes had altered.
He said he was told the planes were
See Story, Page A-e
l
. s ru . unnin
., .
, ,
.
JOSEPN X. FLAN
Times Special Writer
book' about the international
rug rtng that centered
round' Air America, a firm
headquartered at Wilkes-Barr
Scrantfln International Airport, is
laced with, local names and local
places:'
The book, which is to be pub-
lishcd Feb. 9 by Macmillan Publish-
ing Co was written by Berkeley
Rice; w o spent two years doing the
research, much of it in this city-
the hub of the 1981-1984 drug trans-
portin operations of Rik. Luytjes
and tus Ivy League cohorts.
According to Rice, Air America,
which transported millions of dol-
lars worth of drugs from Colombia
to the. United States and made
about ;40 million in tax-free dollars
for its principal · employes, rvas
known in the underground as "the
Federal. Express of the drug
trade."
The company, or what was left of
it, later was seized by the federal
government and is now operated as
an air wing of the U.S. Marshall
5ervice.
Much of what ia In the book was
Nubllshed in newspapers during the
nvestigation of Luyt es and his
volleagues. However, t ere are pre-
viously-unre rted details in the
5ook, mclud ng the fact that Jim
' ooper, an Oklahoma pilot em-
ployed by Luyt es, not only escaped
a prison term ause of his coop-
eration with the government, but
also received a 150,000 reward
from the Drug Enforcement Admin-
istration for his cooperation with
;he investigation. '
"When he tlew to Harrisburg to,
iick up the check, he brought a
oad of fresh Maine lobsters for the
igents as a token of his gratitude,"
he book reported.
Luytjes, who is novv serving a 1M
rear term in the federal prison
ystem and was moved from Ore-
money from his illicit operations to
buy a 2,800-acre estate in Pike
County, once the pro rty of a
wealthy beer baron wit the fanci-
ful name of "Mastwood."
The author, who toured the es-
tate, ' described it has having a
seven-bed room main lodge, a care-
taker's cottage, several outbuild-
ings, a 40 acre private lake, several
trout streams, a stretch of water-
front along the Delaware River, a
private trout hatchery and "vast
acres of dense forest where deer
bear and other wild game roame
freely " In addition, the book re-
ported, Luytjes added a 5150,000
wfng to the main lodge; including a
huge indoor swimming pool.
The book stated that Je War-
sky, a gun dealer whose rm is
located in Montdale, carried a
mortgage on the property and Ihat
after Luytjes agreed to a plea
bargain offered to him by the gov-
ernment, he stopped payment on
the mortgage. Then, the book re-
orted, Luytjes' parents - using a
million trust fund he had given
them - bought out Warsky's mort-
gage and became new owners of
the estate.
The book continued that stor :
"Publicly embarrassed by the
y
Mastwood affalr, the government
has now decided to try to seize it,
claiming that Rik's clever mort-
gage shuffle violates the terms of
his lea agreement. ·
Rik is outraged by the threat.
`Why are they still trying to get
every penny I've got?' he asked me
indignantly when I brought up the
prospect of Mastwood's.seizure. 'I
ave them plenty to satisfy them
they want to strip me clean and
rrte with nothing? After all,
leave
they let Ivan Boesk (a Wall Street
, broker now in prtson) get away
with a few million, didn't they?' "
The book noted that Luytjes liked
displaying, pictures of famous per-
sons. For instance, in his Air Amer-
ica office, he displayed an
autographed picture of then Presi-
he got for making a donation to
their 1984 re-election campaign.
Also displayed in Luytjes' office
was a photo taken of former Presi-
dent Je rry Ford with Luyt es and
other rsons at a 1882 1,000-a-
person fundraiser for U S. Re :
Joseph M. McDade at araky a
home.
Warsky was one of the firsl per-
sons in this arga who Luytjes, a
college-cducated Yuppie from Huci-
tington, L I, met after movin
here. The book painted Warsky as a
man who became one of the na-
tion's most successful un dealers
and then became a father-like fig-
ure in introducing Luyt es to politi-
ci ·n·: ;· ci utlu·r fricnds in this area.
Waisl;y was alsu identified as a
rson who used his position on the
ard of a local bank to get Luytjes
an 80,000 loan to build a hanger at
the Seamans Airport in Fleetville
which is where Air America was
located before it moved to the
larger airport at Avoca.
However, Bob Seamans denied
that stor of Luytjes. This is what
he said m the book: "I built that
hanger myself, and I've got the
bills to prove it Rik Lu yt es never
paid one cent for that o . lfe'a a
goddamned liar. In fact he Ifed to
me all the tlme. He coujd look you
right in the eye and tell you the
damndest lies. He's a real smooth
talker, and he'll convince you he's
the most honest guy in the country.
But he's a real con artist."
Names of man local rsons dot
the pages of the k: T y include
that of attorney Sal Cognetti Jr.,
who represented Luytjes in civil
and criminal cases.
Other local persons mentioned
include:
· Former Gov. William W. Scran-
ton, who had third-person ties to
Luytjes but denied ever having
associated with him.
Former Gov. Richard Thorn-
burgh, now the U S. attorney gen-
eral who received a gubernatorial
cam aign donation from Luytjes.
,. t n,... In:n:,...,. c i
campaign money from Luytjes bi
denied any friendship with him.
Jay Sassal, a long-time ass
ciate of ex-Governor Scranton vt
denied knowing that Luytjes' plan
unloaded drugs on his property.
State Attorney General Ern
Preate Jr., who is said only to hai
"met" Luytjes while Preate w
Lackawanna Connty district atto
ney:'
· Former PA. State TROOPER Jack
Tylenda, identified as a frend ar
frequent companion" of Luytje
who resigned a day before a scher
uled court martial that was to ha
examined his relationship I
.
FormerPA. State Police Capt N
Cholas Kordilla, who testified fc
Luytjes · at an earlier drug trial i
Tampa, Fla., and now does securil
work for Warsky's gun corn any.
Most of the persons m the tlE
ring were not from this area. e
were sharp, ambitious pilots r
cruited all over the country-
persons more intereste d in readin
For6es Magaz rie and The Wa
Street Journal than in detectiv
magazines
The book details at length th
Luytjes ties of two local reaidenG
Mfchael Coffey and Joseph Don
hue, who were arrested for helpln
to arrange for the movement c
drug money. out of this countr
Both wound up etting two-ye
prison sentences rom U.S Jud
Richard P. Conaboy, who handle
all of the cases.
Sentences passed out to Luytje
and most of the other defendants i
the case brought Conaboy "moc
negative comment than in any ca.
in my 25 years on the bench," h
was quoted as saying in the book
However, ' the book noted th
plea bargsins arranged by the go
rambo