info
Google Groups no longer supports new Usenet posts or subscriptions. Historical content remains viewable.
Dismiss
Twelfth Dynasty
116 views
Skip to first unread message
Richard Kingstone
May 6, 2017, 10:11:24 AM5/6/17
to
This post suggests the end of the 12th dynasty of Egypt as the time of the exodus. Egyptologists consider the 12th dynasty to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom. This dynasty was based at (or nearby) the city of Memphis (Noph or No-Ptah), which agrees with details of the scriptural account and Hebrew tradition.
Pharaoh Amenemhet I may have been the ruler of Lower Egypt (near Memphis) when Joseph was appointed as the second ruler of the land (Genesis 41:40-46) and when Jacob and his family moved into Egypt (Genesis 45:16-20) to buy food during a great famine. Contemporary records of the 11th dynasty based in Thebes refer to "seven empty years" following the death of Mentuhotep III (in Thebes). This may represent a time of famine, co-incident with a seven year period during the reign of Amenemhet I (in Memphis). Seven years of famine did occur over a wide area. (Genesis 41:41-46).
Pharaoh Amenemhet III was one of the most notable and powerful rulers of Egypt, he was probably the pharaoh of “the oppression”. During this time the royalty and clergy of Memphis were closely linked. The Israelites were forced into slavery, producing bricks to build the storage cities of Pithom and Ra-amses. There is no need to assume any connection between the city of Ra-amses and later Pharaohs of the same name.
His son Amenemhet IV was probably the pharaoh of the exodus. The 12th dynasty did not gradually weaken and decay slowly into oblivion. The end of this dynasty was sudden.
Amenemhet IV has no known pyramid. This is reasonable if he died in the Red Sea and his body was lost.
Amenemhet IV was succeeded by his sister Sobekneferu (possibly his wife), the first known female pharaoh of Egypt. This may be because there was no male heir. The son of Amenemhet IV may have died during the tenth plague. Sobekneferu ruled less than four years, when she died the Twelfth Dynasty came to a finish.
Amenemhet IV shared in construction at two temples. One was a temple begun by his father Amenemhet III and was dedicated to Renenutet and Sobek, the other was a shrine at the temple of Hathor (the cow goddess). Renenutet was represented as the serpent goddess, and Sobek was represented as a crocodile and associated with the River Nile.
The first miracle (Exodus 7:10-12) performed by Aaron was turning his rod into a snake which ate the Egyptian serpents. This would be a humiliation directed toward the goddess Renenutet. The first plague (Exodus 7:19-25) was the turning of the Nile into blood, this was a humiliation of the god Sobek. This plague included canals, and reservoirs (Exodus 7:19). The 12th dynasty was known for promoting irrigation projects, including canals and reservoirs. The goddess Hathor was humiliated by the fifth plague (Exodus 9:1-6) directed against livestock. The very gods promoted by Amenemhet IV were all humiliated.
Due to the terrible effects of the ten plagues and the loss of elite military forces in the red sea, it is reasonable to assume that the twelfth dynasty would weaken quickly and collapse into anarchy. A time of anarchy did occur beginning with the so called 13th dynasty. The 13th dynasty was not factually dynastic, it appears to be a time of multiple rulers struggling for power. This period is sometimes described as an era of chaos and disorder.
After the Israelites along with a great number of Egyptians departed, the land of Goshen would have been virtually empty. Sometime later Canaanites moved into this “void region”. These newcomers would have occupied empty villages, with access to lush marshes, pastures and irrigated fields, free for the taking. They prospered and eventually became powerful and ruled over Lower Egypt. They were known as the Hyksos (foreign rulers). The Israelites were long gone when the Hyksos ruled.
The foregoing points of interest suggest that the 12th dynasty may have ruled Lower Egypt at the time of the residence of Israel in the land of Goshen.
Pharaoh Amenemhet I may have been the ruler of Lower Egypt (near Memphis) when Joseph was appointed as the second ruler of the land (Genesis 41:40-46) and when Jacob and his family moved into Egypt (Genesis 45:16-20) to buy food during a great famine. Contemporary records of the 11th dynasty based in Thebes refer to "seven empty years" following the death of Mentuhotep III (in Thebes). This may represent a time of famine, co-incident with a seven year period during the reign of Amenemhet I (in Memphis). Seven years of famine did occur over a wide area. (Genesis 41:41-46).
Pharaoh Amenemhet III was one of the most notable and powerful rulers of Egypt, he was probably the pharaoh of “the oppression”. During this time the royalty and clergy of Memphis were closely linked. The Israelites were forced into slavery, producing bricks to build the storage cities of Pithom and Ra-amses. There is no need to assume any connection between the city of Ra-amses and later Pharaohs of the same name.
His son Amenemhet IV was probably the pharaoh of the exodus. The 12th dynasty did not gradually weaken and decay slowly into oblivion. The end of this dynasty was sudden.
Amenemhet IV has no known pyramid. This is reasonable if he died in the Red Sea and his body was lost.
Amenemhet IV was succeeded by his sister Sobekneferu (possibly his wife), the first known female pharaoh of Egypt. This may be because there was no male heir. The son of Amenemhet IV may have died during the tenth plague. Sobekneferu ruled less than four years, when she died the Twelfth Dynasty came to a finish.
Amenemhet IV shared in construction at two temples. One was a temple begun by his father Amenemhet III and was dedicated to Renenutet and Sobek, the other was a shrine at the temple of Hathor (the cow goddess). Renenutet was represented as the serpent goddess, and Sobek was represented as a crocodile and associated with the River Nile.
The first miracle (Exodus 7:10-12) performed by Aaron was turning his rod into a snake which ate the Egyptian serpents. This would be a humiliation directed toward the goddess Renenutet. The first plague (Exodus 7:19-25) was the turning of the Nile into blood, this was a humiliation of the god Sobek. This plague included canals, and reservoirs (Exodus 7:19). The 12th dynasty was known for promoting irrigation projects, including canals and reservoirs. The goddess Hathor was humiliated by the fifth plague (Exodus 9:1-6) directed against livestock. The very gods promoted by Amenemhet IV were all humiliated.
Due to the terrible effects of the ten plagues and the loss of elite military forces in the red sea, it is reasonable to assume that the twelfth dynasty would weaken quickly and collapse into anarchy. A time of anarchy did occur beginning with the so called 13th dynasty. The 13th dynasty was not factually dynastic, it appears to be a time of multiple rulers struggling for power. This period is sometimes described as an era of chaos and disorder.
After the Israelites along with a great number of Egyptians departed, the land of Goshen would have been virtually empty. Sometime later Canaanites moved into this “void region”. These newcomers would have occupied empty villages, with access to lush marshes, pastures and irrigated fields, free for the taking. They prospered and eventually became powerful and ruled over Lower Egypt. They were known as the Hyksos (foreign rulers). The Israelites were long gone when the Hyksos ruled.
The foregoing points of interest suggest that the 12th dynasty may have ruled Lower Egypt at the time of the residence of Israel in the land of Goshen.
JTEM
Sep 7, 2017, 9:09:51 PM9/7/17
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
> This post suggests the end of the 12th dynasty of Egypt as the time of the exodus.
If you don't have any faith then you need a
> This post suggests the end of the 12th dynasty of Egypt as the time of the exodus.
literally true bible.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/165098190798
Richard Kingstone
Dec 22, 2017, 10:26:09 AM12/22/17
to
If this suggestion is correct, it implies that the tribes of Israel were resident in Egypt for approximately two centuries.
JTEM
Apr 26, 2018, 12:55:49 AM4/26/18
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
> If this suggestion is correct
This would be entirely outside the realm of
possibilities.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/102260940767
> If this suggestion is correct
This would be entirely outside the realm of
possibilities.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/102260940767
Richard Kingstone
Sep 13, 2018, 9:59:11 PM9/13/18
to
Did Amenamhet I settle Jacob and family in the land of Goshen to counter untrustworthy tribes already living in the region? Apparently he fought some naval battles in the area.
JTEM
Sep 14, 2018, 9:50:23 AM9/14/18
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
> Did Amenamhet I settle Jacob and family
No.
> Did Amenamhet I settle Jacob and family
The culture of Jacob, camels & all, didn't reach Egypt
until the 6th century BC, while Amenhotep I was already
dead for about 10 centuries.
HTH.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/178058072953
Richard Kingstone
Jan 14, 2019, 12:50:23 PM1/14/19
to
There may be evidence to suggest that Hebrews were living in Egypt as free people during the earlier part of the dynasty.
An Egyptian official named Khnumhotep is believed to have lived during the reign of pharaohs Amenemhet II and Senusret II. His tomb contains paintings of everyday life in Egypt. Two scenes show Semetic people (possibly Israelites) offering gifts (tribute, or tithes, or taxes) to Egyptian scribes. At this time the Hebrews were not enslaved.
One scene includes women and children. This agrees with the scriptural account that the Israelites “became fruitful and began to increase greatly, and they kept on multiplying and growing mightier at an extraordinary rate” (Exodus 1:7). It would be unusual if this scene did not include children. The scenes probably represent occasions familiar to Khnumhotep.
Reference; http://newstuff77.weebly.com page 14 The 12th Dynasty
An Egyptian official named Khnumhotep is believed to have lived during the reign of pharaohs Amenemhet II and Senusret II. His tomb contains paintings of everyday life in Egypt. Two scenes show Semetic people (possibly Israelites) offering gifts (tribute, or tithes, or taxes) to Egyptian scribes. At this time the Hebrews were not enslaved.
One scene includes women and children. This agrees with the scriptural account that the Israelites “became fruitful and began to increase greatly, and they kept on multiplying and growing mightier at an extraordinary rate” (Exodus 1:7). It would be unusual if this scene did not include children. The scenes probably represent occasions familiar to Khnumhotep.
Reference; http://newstuff77.weebly.com page 14 The 12th Dynasty
JTEM
Jan 14, 2019, 3:38:54 PM1/14/19
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
> There may be evidence to suggest that
There isn't. The bible is made up. Stop polluting
> There may be evidence to suggest that
history groups with your religion.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/181930385533
Richard Kingstone
Feb 16, 2019, 3:18:38 AM2/16/19
to
It may be that baby Moses was adopted by a daughter of pharaoh Senusret III. This pharaoh had at least four daughters; Sithathor, Menet, Senetsenebtysy, and Mereret. They probably outlived their father and were eventually interred in the royal burial complex at the pyramid of Senusret III. These daughters had the title “kings daughter” and this agrees with biblical terminology (Exodus 2:9).
Biblical events may be distributed over the twelfth dynasty as follows;
Pharaoh Years Possible Events
Amenemhet I 29 Joseph appointed as overseer, Jacob enters Goshen, Jacob dies
Senusret I 45 Israel Prospers
Amenemhet II 34 Joseph dies
Senusret II 19 Israel increases greatly, Khnumhotep II dies
Senusret III 39 Israel enslaved, Moses adopted by daughter of Pharaoh
Amenemhet III 46 The oppression continues, Moses flees to Midian
Amenemhet IV 9 The Exodus, collapse of the dynasty
Sobekneferu 4 End of dynasty
8 rulers 225 total years of rule (28 year average rule)
Biblical events may be distributed over the twelfth dynasty as follows;
Pharaoh Years Possible Events
Amenemhet I 29 Joseph appointed as overseer, Jacob enters Goshen, Jacob dies
Senusret I 45 Israel Prospers
Amenemhet II 34 Joseph dies
Senusret II 19 Israel increases greatly, Khnumhotep II dies
Senusret III 39 Israel enslaved, Moses adopted by daughter of Pharaoh
Amenemhet III 46 The oppression continues, Moses flees to Midian
Amenemhet IV 9 The Exodus, collapse of the dynasty
Sobekneferu 4 End of dynasty
8 rulers 225 total years of rule (28 year average rule)
JTEM
Feb 16, 2019, 2:02:18 PM2/16/19
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
[...]
It may be that aliens -- flesh eating aliens --
ruled Egypt in the guise of deities, inventing
writing when they spelled out their names in
feces.
Unlikely though.
History is about what happened, not our ability
to imagine would COULD have happened.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/182829479013
[...]
It may be that aliens -- flesh eating aliens --
ruled Egypt in the guise of deities, inventing
writing when they spelled out their names in
feces.
Unlikely though.
History is about what happened, not our ability
to imagine would COULD have happened.
-- --
http://jtem.tumblr.com/post/182829479013
Richard Kingstone
May 20, 2019, 11:17:02 PM5/20/19
to
It looks like the twelfth dynasty ran into a concrete wall at the peak of its power.
Richard Kingstone
May 20, 2019, 11:21:27 PM5/20/19
to
Reference; http://newstuff77.weebly.com 14 The Twelfth Dynasty
JTEM
May 21, 2019, 12:17:03 AM5/21/19
to
Richard Kingstone wrote:
> It looks like
Look at something else. There's a whole world out there for
you to misinterpret, not just ancient Egypt.
-- --
https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/185028623668
> It looks like
Look at something else. There's a whole world out there for
you to misinterpret, not just ancient Egypt.
-- --
https://jtem.tumblr.com/post/185028623668
Richard Kingstone
Aug 25, 2019, 9:29:38 PM8/25/19
to
It is interesting that Amenamhet IV has no known pyramid. This would be reasonable if his body was lost in the red sea.
Richard Kingstone
Dec 31, 2019, 3:51:26 PM12/31/19
to
Well known archeologist Lorenzo Nigro PhD directed an excavation at Jericho.
Grain seeds from the final Canaanite city were tested for Carbon-14 levels. Two samples of grain from layers associated with the destruction of the city were tested. Apparently each sample provided a different dating result;
one sample dated to 1347 BC ± 85 years
one sample dated to 1597 BC ± 91 years
Taken individually the samples give inconclusive dating results.
If the dating results are averaged the “combined result” gives; 1472 BC
According to the Biblical account the exodus occurred approximately 40 years before the destruction of Jericho. If the combined dating result is reasonably accurate, this would give an approximate date for the exodus as; 1513 BC.
Grain seeds from the final Canaanite city were tested for Carbon-14 levels. Two samples of grain from layers associated with the destruction of the city were tested. Apparently each sample provided a different dating result;
one sample dated to 1347 BC ± 85 years
one sample dated to 1597 BC ± 91 years
Taken individually the samples give inconclusive dating results.
If the dating results are averaged the “combined result” gives; 1472 BC
According to the Biblical account the exodus occurred approximately 40 years before the destruction of Jericho. If the combined dating result is reasonably accurate, this would give an approximate date for the exodus as; 1513 BC.
0 new messages