Humpback!!!
Wyle Coyote
The humpback whale is a baleen whale and a rorqual whale that sings
amazing songs. It performs complex and cooperative feeding
techniques. The humpback has a bulky head with bumpy protuberances
(tubercles), each with a bristle. Humpbacks are acrobats of the
ocean, breaching and slapping the water. They live in pods and have 2
blowholes. The name humpback describes the motion it makes as it
arches its back out of the water in preparation for a dive.
SIZE
Humpback whales grow to be about 52 feet (16 m) long, weighing 30-50
tons (27-45 tonnes). The females are slightly larger than males, as
with all baleen whales. The four-chambered heart of the average
humpback whale weighs about 430 pounds (195 kg) - about as much as
three average adult human beings.
SKIN, SHAPE AND FINS
Humpbacks come in 4 different color schemes, ranging from white to
gray to black to mottled. There are distinctive patches of white on
underside of the flukes (tail). These markings are unique to each
individual whale, like a fingerprint. The humpback's skin is
frequently scarred and may have patches covered with diatoms.
Humpback whales have 14-35 throat grooves that run from the chin to
the navel. These grooves allow their throat to expand during the huge
intake of water during filter feeding. They have small, round bumps
on the front of the head (called knobs or tubercles), edging the jaws.
Humpbacks have huge, mottled white flippers with rough edges that are
up to one-third of its body length; these are the largest flippers of
any whale. The humpback's genus, Megaptera, means "huge-wings,"
referring to its flippers. The flippers may have barnacles growing on
them.
The deeply-notched flukes (tail) are up to 12 feet (3.7 m) wide.
Humpbacks have a small dorsal fin toward the flukes.
DIET AND BALEEN
Humpback whales (like all baleen whales) are seasonal feeders and
carnivores that filter feed tiny crustaceans (krill - mainly
Euphausia superba, copepods, etc.), plankton, and small fish
(including herring, mackerel, capelin, and sandeel) from the water.
They are gulpers (not skimmers), filter feeders that alternatively
swim then gulp a mouthful of plankton or fish. Concentrated masses of
prey are preferable for this method of feeding. An average-sized
humpback whale will eat 4,400-5,500 pounds (2000-2500 kg) of
plankton, krill and small, schooling fish each day during the feeding
season in cold waters (about 120 days). They eat twice a day.
Humpbacks cooperate in hunting and have developed a method of
rounding up highly concentrated masses of prey that is called
bubble-net feeding. The hunting members of a pod form a circle 10-100
feet (3.1-31 m) across and about 50 feet (15 m) under the water. Then
the humpbacks blow a wall of bubbles as they swim to the surface in a
spiral path. The cylindrical wall of bubbles makes the trapped krill,
plankton, and/or small fish move to the surface of the water in a
giant, concentrated mass. The humpbacks then eat a large, hearty meal.
The humpback whale has about 330 pairs of dark gray baleen plates
with coarse gray bristles hanging from the jaws. They are about 25
inches (0.6 m) long and 13.5 inches (34 cm) wide.
SOCIAL GROUPS
Humpbacks travel in large, loose groups. Most associations between
humpbacks are temporary, lasting at most a few days. The exception is
the strong and lasting bond between mother and calves.
DIVING, BREACHING, SPYHOPPING, AND LOBTAILING
Humpback whales can dive for up to 30 minutes, but usually last only
up to 15 minutes. Humpbacks can dive to a depth of 500-700 feet
(150-210 m).
Humpbacks are very acrobatic, often breaching high out of the water
and then slapping the water as they come back down. Sometimes they
twirl around while breaching. Breaching may be purely for play or may
be used to loosen skin parasites or have some social meaning.
Spyhopping is another humpback activity in which the whale pokes
its head out of the water for up to 30 seconds to take a look around.
Humpbacks also stick their tail out of the water into the air,
swing it around, and then slap it on the water's surface; this is
called lobtailing. It makes a very loud sound. The meaning or purpose
of lobtailing is unknown, but may be done as a warning to the rest of
the pod. Humpbacks lobtail more when the seas are rough and stormy.
Slapping a fin against the surface of the water is another
unexplained humpback activity.
SPOUTING - BREATHING
Humpback whales breathe air at the surface of the water through 2
blowholes located near the top of the head. They spout (breathe)
about 1-2 times per minute at rest, and 4-8 times per minutes after a
deep dive. Their blow is a double stream of spray that rises 10-13
feet (3.1-4 m) above the surface of the water.
SPEED
Humpback whales normally swim 3-9 mph (4.8-14 kph), but can go up to
15-16.5 mph (24-26.5 kph) in bursts when in danger. Feeding speeds
are slower, about 1.2-3.5 mph.
VOCALIZATION
Humpback whales are the noisiest and most imaginative whales when it
comes to songs. They have long, varied, complex, eerie, and beautiful
songs that include recognizable sequences of squeaks, grunts, and
other sounds. The songs have the largest range of frequencies used by
whales, ranging from 20-9,000 Hertz. Only males have been recorded
singing. They sing the complex songs only in warm waters, perhaps
used for mating purposes. In cold waters, they make rougher sounds,
scrapes and groans, perhaps used for locating large masses of krill
(the tiny crustaceans that they eat).
HABITAT AND RANGE
Humpback whales live at the surface of the ocean, both in the open
ocean and shallow coastline waters. When not migrating, they prefer
shallow waters. They migrate from warm tropical waters where they
breed and calve to arctic waters where they eat.
There are 3 separate populations of humpbacks, those living in the
North Pacific Ocean, those in the North Atlantic Ocean, and those
roving the oceans of the Southern Hemisphere.
MIGRATION
Humpback whales take long seasonal migrations. They mate and calve in
tropical waters during the winter and then travel to cold polar
waters during the summer to feed. During the summer in the warm
waters, adults do not eat, but live off their ayer of blubber (fat);
the young calves feed on rich mother's milk.
Humpbacks migrate at 3-9 mph (4.8-14 kph). They have incredible
powers of endurance, traveling over 3,100 miles (5000 km) during each
seasonal migration with almost no rest along the way. During
migrations, they cover over 1,000 miles per month.
REPRODUCTION
Humpback whale breeding occurs mostly in the winter to early spring
while near the surface and in warm, tropical waters. The gestation
period is about 11-12 months and the calf is born tail first (this is
normal for cetaceans) and near the surface in warm, shallow waters.
The newborn instinctively swims to the surface within 10 seconds for
its first breath; it is helped by its mother, using her flippers.
Within 30 minutes of its birth the baby whale can swim. The newborn
calf is about 14 feet long (4.3 m) and weighs about 2.5 tons (2.3
tonnes). Twins are extremely rare (about 1% of births); there is
almost always one calf. The baby is nurtured with its mother's milk
and is weaned in about 11 months. The mother and calf may stay
together for a year or longer. Calves drink 100 pounds of milk each
day. Humpback whales reach puberty at 4-7 years old, and maturity at
15 years. A calf is born to a female every 1-3 years.
LIFE SPAN
Humpback whales have a life expectancy of 45-50 years.
POPULATION COUNT
It is estimated that there are over 10,000-15,000 humpback whales
world-wide. Humpback whales are an endangered species.
CLASSIFICATION
Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are baleen whales (Suborder
Mysticeti). They are one of 76 cetacean species, and are marine
mammals.
Kingdom Animalia (animals)
Phylum Chordata (vertebrates)
Class Mammalia (mammals)
Order Cetacea (whales and dolphins)
Suborder Mysticeti (baleen whales)
Family Balaenopteridae
Genus Megaptera
Species novaeangliae
HUMPBACK WHALE ACTIVITIES
A print-out about Humpback whales.
A first grade addition activity. Solve the 1-digit addition problems,
then do letter substitutions to answer the humpback whale question.
A first grade subtraction activity. Solve the 1-digit subtraction
problems, then do letter substitutions to answer the humpback whale
questions.
A Humpback whale word hunt activity - For second and third graders.
HUMPBACK WHALE LINKS
The Virtual Whale Project, learn about humpback whales, from Simon
Fraser University, British, Columbia, Canada.
Humpback whale songs - Real Audio sound file of a humpback whale from
the Center for Coastal Studies.
Baby whale story, the birth of a humpback whale from the
International Wildlife Coalition.
Lefty
Phew!
I thought this was yet another lame Brokeback Mountain bashing thread
when I saw the title.