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Mica Withington
Jan 25, 2024, 6:23:43 PMJan 25
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Athira (Varalaxmi Sarathkumar) is seen chasing goons and drug peddlers in different locations. The film opens with the kidnapping of a girl who gets rescued by Athira in a few minutes, followed by an investigation.
Brown, B. (Host). (2020, September 9). Brené with Scott Sonenshein on Stretching and Chasing. [Audio podcast episode]. In Unlocking Us with Brené Brown. Cadence13. -with-scott-sonenshein-on-stretching-and-chasing/
download chasing red pdf
Download https://t.co/upQkRJFfL0
An association between leukoencephalopathy and smoking heroin has been recognized for over 25 years, although the exact pathogenesis is still not well understood. In 'chasing the dragon', heroin is placed on a piece of aluminium foil, heated with a flame from below, and the resulting vapour (pyrolysate) is inhaled with a straw or other tube-like structure. The practice was first recognized in Hong Kong in the 1950's but has now spread to users worldwide [6].
Although the practice of 'chasing the dragon' is not uncommon, the associated leukoencephalopathy has been rarely reported. The first and largest outbreak of leukoencephalopathy linked to chasing the dragon was reported 1982 in the Netherlands, and included 47 cases, 11 (23%) of whom died [6]. Since 1982, sporadic cases and small case clusters (ranging from 1-4 cases) have been report ed in Taiwan [7,8], Hong Kong[9], other European countries [4,5,10-13], the United States [3,14,15] and Canada [16]. Three larger clusters have been identified in China [17-20]. The primary hypothesis is that leukoencephalopathy is caused by a contaminant in the heroin or a combustion by-product[6,21,22]. Despite multiple attempts to identify a contaminant in heroin samples; no causative agent has yet been identified.
A case report form (which collected demographic, drug use, and clinical information) and a fact sheet for physicians and the public were developed. The Provincial Health Officer notified BC neurologists about the cases of leukoencephalopathy associated with 'chasing the dragon' through the provincial specialty society list serve. Medical Health Officers throughout the province were also informed; they in turn notified the hospital Emergency Department heads and family physicians in their health regions. All physicians were requested to notify cases to local public health, which ensured the completed case report form was sent to the BC Centre for Disease Control.
Drug histories were obtained for 18 (67%) cases. One case that reported smoking on a single occasion developed mild symptoms and was not hospitalized. Excluding this case the mean duration of chasing the dragon was 9.5 years (range 0.5 - 30 years). Of the cases that died, the minimum time of smoking heroin was three years. Use of other illicit drugs was reported in both Vancouver and Victoria cases (cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy, and crystal methamphetamine). Three (43%) of the Victoria cases reported that smoking heroin was their only type of illicit drug use. At least six (86%) of the Victoria cases were taking methadone at the time of symptom onset; and five (25%) Vancouver cases reported using methadone, although these data are incomplete.
According to a recent report from the UN Office of the Drug Commission, 96% of heroin seizures (2002-2007) in the US originated from Mexico and Columbia; whereas 98% of heroin seized in Canada originated from Southwest Asia [25]. Although the source of heroin differs between Canada and US, and the epidemiology and prevalence of 'chasing the dragon' in BC is poorly understood, the incidence and risk of the resultant leukoencephalopathy is clearly low. We believe this indicates the contaminant is likely added close to the final delivery stage, rather than at the original source. However there is likely under-reporting as physicians are required to actively report the condition to public health, some cases may have been mild and spontaneously recovered and others attributed to other etiologies.
The purity of street heroin in BC, determined by Health Canada, Drug Analysis Service, has increased from 5-10% in the 1970's, to greater than 60% [26]. However, heroin used for smoking is usually 30% to 40% pure as higher grade cuts char too quickly for effective smoking. Heroin is also reported to be increasingly available in the base form which is not amenable for injection [27]. Smoking heroin in North America was becoming established prior to the knowledge of the risks of HIV associated with injecting [28]. Gossop et al found that chasing the dragon was a well-established method of using heroin in certain populations, not merely a pre-injection phase of heroin addiction [29]. Therefore, drug availability, attitudes to using needles, stigma and the potential of disease transmission related to injection drug use may have led to increased smoking rather than injection of heroin. This illustrates the potential for further cases to occur.
The etiology of heroin-related toxic leukoencephalopathy requires further research and public health involvement. The severity of the outcome and lack of curative treatment highlights the importance of future investigations. Current therapy with coenzyme Q and vitamin supplements is anecdotal only [34]. Previous literature has been mostly published in neurology and radiology journals as clinical case reports; isolated cases make it difficult to determine risk factors for this condition. Research into the prevalence of 'chasing the dragon' will help determine the potential risk for further outbreaks and may indicate a need to modify both educational, treatment and support services for this group of heroin users. Although a specific etiology has not been identified, a toxic agent added to the heroin, or a combustion by-product, remain the leading theories [6,21,22].
Suppose that you have a world with two players in it the chaser and the target. Suppose that the chaser moves slightly faster than the target. If you are the chaser and you know for a fact that the target is intelligent and trying not to get caught, what would be a good approach for chasing down and ultimately catching the target? (I'm leaving the details of the world a big vague, since I'm hoping to learn a general algorithm or family of techniques for solving this problem rather than optimizing too much on the structure of the world.)
Great memories, did 5 days chasing the aurora and we only missed it one night. Very helpful and wonderful guides, knowledgeable and patient with all our questions. You should definetely try it and be prepared for the cold. But its so worth it!
But according to Tony Cani, Democratic consultant and deputy director of the 2020 Biden campaign in Arizona, ballot chasing is standard practice for all political campaigns, and not something Lake just discovered.
A. If any person discovers a dog killing, wounding or chasing livestock, or discovers a dog under circumstances which show conclusively that it has recently killed or chased livestock, he may pursue and kill the dog.
B. The owner of a dog is liable for damages caused by the dog chasing livestock. In the case of a dog killing or wounding livestock, the owner of the dog is liable for damages to the owner of the livestock equal to three times the value of the livestock killed or wounded.
f5d0e4f075
Brown, B. (Host). (2020, September 9). Brené with Scott Sonenshein on Stretching and Chasing. [Audio podcast episode]. In Unlocking Us with Brené Brown. Cadence13. -with-scott-sonenshein-on-stretching-and-chasing/
download chasing red pdf
Download https://t.co/upQkRJFfL0
An association between leukoencephalopathy and smoking heroin has been recognized for over 25 years, although the exact pathogenesis is still not well understood. In 'chasing the dragon', heroin is placed on a piece of aluminium foil, heated with a flame from below, and the resulting vapour (pyrolysate) is inhaled with a straw or other tube-like structure. The practice was first recognized in Hong Kong in the 1950's but has now spread to users worldwide [6].
Although the practice of 'chasing the dragon' is not uncommon, the associated leukoencephalopathy has been rarely reported. The first and largest outbreak of leukoencephalopathy linked to chasing the dragon was reported 1982 in the Netherlands, and included 47 cases, 11 (23%) of whom died [6]. Since 1982, sporadic cases and small case clusters (ranging from 1-4 cases) have been report ed in Taiwan [7,8], Hong Kong[9], other European countries [4,5,10-13], the United States [3,14,15] and Canada [16]. Three larger clusters have been identified in China [17-20]. The primary hypothesis is that leukoencephalopathy is caused by a contaminant in the heroin or a combustion by-product[6,21,22]. Despite multiple attempts to identify a contaminant in heroin samples; no causative agent has yet been identified.
A case report form (which collected demographic, drug use, and clinical information) and a fact sheet for physicians and the public were developed. The Provincial Health Officer notified BC neurologists about the cases of leukoencephalopathy associated with 'chasing the dragon' through the provincial specialty society list serve. Medical Health Officers throughout the province were also informed; they in turn notified the hospital Emergency Department heads and family physicians in their health regions. All physicians were requested to notify cases to local public health, which ensured the completed case report form was sent to the BC Centre for Disease Control.
Drug histories were obtained for 18 (67%) cases. One case that reported smoking on a single occasion developed mild symptoms and was not hospitalized. Excluding this case the mean duration of chasing the dragon was 9.5 years (range 0.5 - 30 years). Of the cases that died, the minimum time of smoking heroin was three years. Use of other illicit drugs was reported in both Vancouver and Victoria cases (cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy, and crystal methamphetamine). Three (43%) of the Victoria cases reported that smoking heroin was their only type of illicit drug use. At least six (86%) of the Victoria cases were taking methadone at the time of symptom onset; and five (25%) Vancouver cases reported using methadone, although these data are incomplete.
According to a recent report from the UN Office of the Drug Commission, 96% of heroin seizures (2002-2007) in the US originated from Mexico and Columbia; whereas 98% of heroin seized in Canada originated from Southwest Asia [25]. Although the source of heroin differs between Canada and US, and the epidemiology and prevalence of 'chasing the dragon' in BC is poorly understood, the incidence and risk of the resultant leukoencephalopathy is clearly low. We believe this indicates the contaminant is likely added close to the final delivery stage, rather than at the original source. However there is likely under-reporting as physicians are required to actively report the condition to public health, some cases may have been mild and spontaneously recovered and others attributed to other etiologies.
The purity of street heroin in BC, determined by Health Canada, Drug Analysis Service, has increased from 5-10% in the 1970's, to greater than 60% [26]. However, heroin used for smoking is usually 30% to 40% pure as higher grade cuts char too quickly for effective smoking. Heroin is also reported to be increasingly available in the base form which is not amenable for injection [27]. Smoking heroin in North America was becoming established prior to the knowledge of the risks of HIV associated with injecting [28]. Gossop et al found that chasing the dragon was a well-established method of using heroin in certain populations, not merely a pre-injection phase of heroin addiction [29]. Therefore, drug availability, attitudes to using needles, stigma and the potential of disease transmission related to injection drug use may have led to increased smoking rather than injection of heroin. This illustrates the potential for further cases to occur.
The etiology of heroin-related toxic leukoencephalopathy requires further research and public health involvement. The severity of the outcome and lack of curative treatment highlights the importance of future investigations. Current therapy with coenzyme Q and vitamin supplements is anecdotal only [34]. Previous literature has been mostly published in neurology and radiology journals as clinical case reports; isolated cases make it difficult to determine risk factors for this condition. Research into the prevalence of 'chasing the dragon' will help determine the potential risk for further outbreaks and may indicate a need to modify both educational, treatment and support services for this group of heroin users. Although a specific etiology has not been identified, a toxic agent added to the heroin, or a combustion by-product, remain the leading theories [6,21,22].
Suppose that you have a world with two players in it the chaser and the target. Suppose that the chaser moves slightly faster than the target. If you are the chaser and you know for a fact that the target is intelligent and trying not to get caught, what would be a good approach for chasing down and ultimately catching the target? (I'm leaving the details of the world a big vague, since I'm hoping to learn a general algorithm or family of techniques for solving this problem rather than optimizing too much on the structure of the world.)
Great memories, did 5 days chasing the aurora and we only missed it one night. Very helpful and wonderful guides, knowledgeable and patient with all our questions. You should definetely try it and be prepared for the cold. But its so worth it!
But according to Tony Cani, Democratic consultant and deputy director of the 2020 Biden campaign in Arizona, ballot chasing is standard practice for all political campaigns, and not something Lake just discovered.
A. If any person discovers a dog killing, wounding or chasing livestock, or discovers a dog under circumstances which show conclusively that it has recently killed or chased livestock, he may pursue and kill the dog.
B. The owner of a dog is liable for damages caused by the dog chasing livestock. In the case of a dog killing or wounding livestock, the owner of the dog is liable for damages to the owner of the livestock equal to three times the value of the livestock killed or wounded.
f5d0e4f075
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