"fl" <
rxj...@gmail.com> wrote in message
news:38eda386-da49-43e6...@googlegroups.com...
<<
I read the following passage on line. I do not understand the phrase "by
training" although I guess it means an engineer who trains somebody. Could
you explain it to me with some detail?
Thanks,
..........
Yoshida, an engineer by training, directed workers to stop the reactors from
overheating after Japan’s strongest earthquake
>>
The OP correctly complains the phrase is ambiguous and
misleading, buit is wrong that "by training" means the person
teachers others.
"Engineer" is an ambiguous word so far as there now are
(simultaneously) two different patterns of use.
1. Informally, anyone who works with machinery is "an
engineer." Railroad engineer is the standard US term for
a locomotive engine driver, a stationary engineer is the
man who manages a furnace or water heater, people
who write computer code call themselves software engineers etc.
2. Engineering is also a formally-recognized technical
profession, with specialized curricula and credentials, and
monopoly privileges guaranteed by law. Modern laws
usually require that architectural structures (e.g. bridges
and tunnels) be designed only by qualified civil engineers
with recognized credentials, that nuclear reactors be
managed only by accredited nuclear engineers etc.
The source phrase is not clear. "By training" does not denote
either of these types of usage unambiguously. It looks like
#2 but no convention of language (or law) sustains this.
--
Don Phillipson
Carlsbad Springs
(Ottawa, Canada)