Statistics of Adoption
fx
-2005 Edition-
Compiled and edited by Lori Carangelo
Greegor
http://www.amfor.net/statistics.html
Provided FREE, below, as public domain. Please cite "Statistics of
Adoption" by Lori Carangelo at AmFOR.net as well as original source
when quoting from this copyrighted page.
"Statistical data on adoption/adoptees, searching for family members
by birthparents and adoptees, and foster care, are difficult to
locate, and often gaps exist in what data are available, because of
lack of consistent data gathering and reporting by government agencies
and private organizations. The Preface provides a useful and concise
summary of data sources on adoption and related topics...." -Roberta
Medford, Social Sciences Bibliographer, UCLA Research Library
"Statistics of Adoption brings together a wealth of hard to find data
about adoption and foster care in this country. I know of no other
source which even comes close to the scope of 'Statistcs'...." -Gordon
Brooks, Librarian III, Social Science Dept., Los Angeles (CA) Public
Library
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATISTICS OF ADOPTION - 2005
Contents
PREFACE
How Many Adoptees?
History of Adoption Data Collection
ABORTION (as it relates to Adoption)
By Mothers Who Previously Relinquished
Numbers of
ADOPTEES
Adoptees in Psychiatric Facilities,
-Drug Rehabilitation/Substance Abuse Treatment,
-Juvenile Detention, Prisons; Firesetters
Adoptees Who Kill,
ADOPTERS
Who adopts?
Ratio of Couples Competing for Children
ADOPTION
(see also Intercountry Adoption)
Number of U.S. Domestic Adoptions
Average cost of private adoption in U.S; Adoption Subsidies
Total Number of Americans Affected
"Immediate Family" Definition
Total Adoptions Estimated in North America
Total Estimated Number of Adoption Topic Web-Sites
Percentages of Failed Adoptions, Children Returned
Black Market Adoptions
Adoption Agencies
ADOPTION SEARCH & SUPPORT
Disclosure Laws, State Reunion Registries, Registrants, Penalties
Percentage Favoring Open Records
Percentages for Adoptees/Birthparents Who Search
Percentage Who Refused Contact When Found
Costs of Searching
Search-Support Survey
FAMILY PRESERVATION
Provision & Non-Provision of Services
FOSTER CHILDREN, FOSTER CARE SYSTEM, ORPHANAGES
Numbers In Care
Percentage Adopted or Returned to Parents
Costs of foster or institutional care versus in-home care
INFERTILITY, DONOR OFFSPRING/PARENTS
Infertile Killers
INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION, RACE, HERITAGE
Ethnicity of Adoptees & General Population
Number of Intercountry Adoptions by Countries (in 2002 and prior
years)
Intercountry Adoptees' Outcomes
Australia's Adoptions Being Phased Out
England & Wales Adoptions
Canadian Adoptees' Citizenship
MEDICAL INJURY TO ADOPTEES
Death By Adoption
PARENTS, SEX, PREGNANCY, BIRTHS, MARRIAGE
RAPE & INCEST
STATS OF THE FUTURE
Half the U.S. Population Will Have Bogus Ancestry in 4 Generations.
=======================================================
"140-million Americans, or half the U.S. population,
has an adoption in their immediate family."
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR)
Preface
How Many Adoptees?
The 2000 Census tells us there are 281,421,906 Americans; it was the
first Census to count "adopted children in the household." However,
until mid-2003, the Census withheld that data for 3 years. It was
then finally estimated, for 1 out of every 6 households counted,
that :
1.6-million "adopted children" are under age 18, or "born since the
1980s";
1.4-million were domestic adoptions;
200,000 (13%) of the adopted children were foreign-born;
47,555 - from Korea
21,053 - from China
19,631 - from Russia
18,000 - from Mexico
7,793 - from India
2.5% of the U.S. population is estimate to be adopted children;
2.5% are estimated to be age 18 or over;
4.4-million step-kids are under 18, or
5% of the population is estimated to be step-children
-2000 U.S. Census
As with all surveys, estimates may vary from the actual values because
of sampling variations or other factors but were stated as a "90%
confidence level" and that "after age 18, leaving home for school,
jobs, military service, or to start a household, strongly affects the
number of 'children' living with their parents, regardless of the type
of parent-child relationship." But why just "over 18?" Younger
teenagers also move out on their own. Another flaw in the count may
be that adopters often don't disclose the adoptive status of their
children. What was known more definitely in Y-2000 is that:
$1.4-billion dollars is the value placed on "Adoption services" in
1999;
$10-million dollars is the average gross income of larger adoption
agencies despite
that only 138,000 adoptions were reported in 1999,
- Marketdata Enterprises http://www.mkt-data-ent.com
Shouldn't the American taxpayer be wondering about the
disproportionate expense?" And the Census cannot tell us the total
number of adopted adults living in the United States as result of five
decades of adoptions in every state under a closed system requiring
falsification of birth records, anonymity and secrecy.
Statistics of Adoption is the only compilation of past and
current adoption related statistics, "at a glance" by category, from
such a wide variety of sources cited, as it affects adoptees from past
and present-day adoptions.
For additional statistical and in-depth studies and narratives
highlighting the problems with (and alternatives to) adoption, foster
care and prisons -- America's three symbiotic, closed systems--this
writer suggests the currently free online 300 page e-book, CHOSEN
CHILDREN: Billion Dollar Babies in America's Foster Care, Adoption &
Prison Systems at http://TheChosenChildren.com
Statistics are a means of manipulating the public's perceptions
according to the preparer's position. Statistics can be skewed,
propagandized, or entirely suppressed--especially by governments. For
instance, on September 21, 2000, NCCPR Newswire (Alexandria, VA)
reported:
"...The highly touted increase in adoptions of foster children
announced by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services actually
masks the failure of a new federal adoption law....The actual annual
increase in foster care adoptions since passage of the so-called
Adoption and Safe Families Act equals fewer than one point one percent
(1.1%) of the total number of children in foster care on any given
day.," said Richard Wexler, Executive Director of the National
Coalition for Child Protection reform. "America will never adopt its
way out of the foster care crisis...because even as it encouraged
adoption, ASFA made it easier than ever before to take children from
their parents just because those parents are poor."
HISTORY OF ADOPTION DATA COLLECTION
The more comprehensive data was gathered by the federally-funded
National Center for Social Statistics (NCSS) 1957 through 1975, when
states voluntarily reported on "all finalized adoptions." But it did
not account for "all adoptions" and there is no organized, ongoing
effort to do so at this time. Since 1980, the American Public Human
Services Association (APHSA) [formerly American Public Welfare
Association] has collected information on the foster care system
through the Voluntary Cooperative Information System (VCIS). Data
submitted on a voluntary basis is incomplete and inconsistent. After
the dissolution of NCSS, Victor and Carol Flango at the National
Center for State Courts in Williamsburg, Virginia, conducted a review
of court records, bureau of vital statistics and social service
agencies, with funds from the Children's Bureau's Adoption
Information Improvement Project. Their findings were published
between 1990 and 1995,and serve as "the most recent complete picture
of adoption in the U.S." They tell us that states with greater
populations had the highest number of adoptions.....but not total
number of all adoptees in the U.S. The U.S.
Despite spending $2.6 billion dollars to conduct the 1990 Census,
it under-represented minorities and it categorizes children as
"natural or by adoption" without differentiating, while special laws
were implemented to "protect" and separate adoption
affected families....including a $140,000,000 Block Grant
appropriation in Y-2000 for adoption and foster care.
A "continuous" census (instead of every ten years) was proposed
in 1995 but has not been implemented. The Census Bureau is under the
Department of Commerce. Instead of an agency dedicated to counting
heads as the Constitution ordered, it has become a giant polling
operation. Even the government cannot rely on i's most often cited
broad official "guesstimate" of "5 to 10 million adoptees in the
U.S."
Private agency or independent adoptions, which account for more
than 80% of California's adoptions, for instance, are difficult to
track, particularly when they cross state and country borders.
No one knows how many U.S. children leave the country to be
adopted abroad, nor how many U.S. and foreign children fell victim to
black market adoptions. Few of the 150,000 New York City "orphans,"
whom Children's Aid Society sent West
on Orphan Trains in the 75 years from 1853 to 1920, are still living.
Many were formally adopted, their actual numbers unknown, just as the
number of "informal adoptions" among several decades of Black families
is unknown.
Even adoptees and their parents cannot "prove" their biological
relatedness nor adoptive status due to the withholding of
documentation, including relinquishment agreements, true birth
records, adoption decrees. Often the hospital record of birth is
treated as "confidential," withheld from the parties named in them,
if, years ago, someone stamped "Illegitimate" across it or if there is
some indication of a subsequent adoption. Medical birth records are
often legally destroyed years before an adult adoptee knows where to
look for them.
In 1953, a young social worker, Jean Paton, published her studies
on the negative affects of secrecy-- the first follow-up study of
adoptive families since the states began sealing birth records of
adoptees in the 1940's. Paton, an adoptee, had free access to her
adoption file but was later refused access after the state sealed her
record--and her mother's identity.
Her studies and writings provided impetus for what is now an
international Open Records Movement and International Soundex Reunion
Registry (ISRR). ISRR, run by Anthony Vilardi, Carson City, Nevada,
maintains a secrecy policy not to reveal a total count on the number
of its registrants and claims not to know how many are adopted, yet
shares "the ratio of children to their family members is approximately
5 to 3, espectively" in 1997. The Open Records Movement has also
spawned a cottage industry of searchers who quietly circumvent state
laws to find their own families, to access their own records and to
help others do the same--usually for a hefty fee.
Under the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980
(PL-96-272), a provision called for statewide tracking systems for
children in foster care who received care within the previous 12
months; the Reagan Administration chose to implement a "voluntary"
system that ultimately proved to be inconsistent from state to state.
(See "Adoption Rate Varies Widely, a State-by-State Survey Finds," New
York Times, 8-8-97, P.A-16.)
On 7-24-89, White House Memo #906627, "Administration Support for
the Adoption Option," put the federal government into the business of
adoption by mandating Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) to assist
Adopters; later, federal subsidies
were made available to adopters of a broad category of "special needs"
children as the government was beginning to eliminate family
preservation programs, cut welfare and successful CETA-Private
Industry Council job training/placement programs. In Fall, 1986,
Congress passed a law mandating a National Data Collection System for
foster care and adoption. It included a five-year timetable of steps
in the process to insure Federal Regulations in place by 12-31-88 and
full implementation by 10-1-91; proposed Regulations were not
published until 9-27-90 and on 10-9-91, Wade Horn, Commissioner of the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) issued a memorandum
delaying implementation indefinitely, and publication of Regulations
until 8-92, despite an annual federal foster care budget of over $2-
billion dollars. It's 12-98 implementation date was not met.
In 1997, with passage of the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis
Reporting System (AFCARS), States are required to collect case-
specific data on all children in foster care for whom the State child
welfare agency has responsibility for placement, care, or supervision
regardless of eligibility for Title V-E-- including placements by
private agencies under contract with the public child welfare agency.
Many adoptions fall through the cracks due to private adoptions not
under state contract.
Also in 1997, Congress tied adoption funding for reporting... and
U.S. Senator Carl Levin got his National Voluntary Mutual Reunion
Registry Bill S.1487 passed in the Senate (after it had failed in
1998). It imposes a $5,000 fine or up to one year imprisonment for
disclosing confidential information, making it a federal crime to
disclose who you are or who your parents are. Adoption search and
reform groups favor International Soundex Reunion Registry (ISRR)--and
open records.
Kansas and Alaska permit adult adoptees access to their original
birth certificates. Tennessee, where 5,000 children were kidnapped for
black market adoption in the 1950's-60's by Georgia Tann, Director of
Tennessee Children's Home Society, is
a state whose "adult access" law was, at first, challenged in the
1990's in federal court by the sealed records lobby of adoption
agencies but eventually became law. California, dubbed the largest
market for stolen children in the U.S., failed to pass 1990's
open records law proposed by Assemblyman Chuck Quackenbush.
Until recently, no state legislated mandatory collection of even
non-identifying family background and medical information pre-
adoption. Adoption disclosure statutes, agency policies and
procedures, which differ from state to state, and even from county to
county, may permit summarized identifying information to the parties
it concerns, usually for a fee and, in highly populated areas, after a
long wait. Agency conditions for identifying disclosure include
unsolicited mutual consents or confidentiality waivers of parties who
may be deceased or out of state and not know of law changes,
"confidential intermediaries" (who may prevent contact indefinitely),
psychological counseling, court and agency discretion, non-refundable
registry fees, intermediary and search fees--often pocketed without
provision of services.
Only 2% of requests for information and statistics from The
National Adoption Information Clearinghouse (out of 430 requests made
in their first year, 4-88 to 4-89), were made by federal agency staff.
In 1989, Ruth Hubbell of the Clearinghouse stated "It will be a few
years before we collect search or reform data." However, on 1-6-98
Amy Thurston of the Clearinghouse requested AmFOR's first edition of
Statistics of Adoption.
- LORI CARANGELO, President
AMERICANS FOR OPEN RECORDS (AmFOR)
ABORTION as it relates to ADOPTION
More abortions than adoptions are performed annually.
-Statistical Abstract of the U.S., 1960,-70,-80.
Increasing Adoption Does Not Decrease Abortion:
1,000 relinquishing mothers who later aborted said they chose abortion
to avoid the pain
of lifelong uncertainty over the child's fate if relinquished
to secret adoption."
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR) 1997 Survey of
1,000 Relinquishing Mothers Who Later Aborted.
90% of adolescent mothers in the U.S. who reject adoption and
abortion
raise their babies.
-Los Angeles Times, 1-6-91, p.E-1
There have been more than 38,000,000 abortions in the 26 years since
the US Supreme Court legalized unrestricted abortion
on January 22, 1973, as follows:
744,600 - 1973
898,600 - 1974
1,034,200 - 1975
1,179,300 - 1976
1,316,700 - 1977
1,497,700 - 1979
1,553,900 - 1980
1,573,900 - 1981
1,573,900 - 1982
1,575,000 - 1983
1,577,200 - 1984
1,588,600 - 1985
1,574,000 - 1986
1,559,100 - 1987
1,590,800 - 1988
1,566,900 - 1989
1,608,600 - 1990
1,556,500 - 1991
1,528,900 - 1992
1,500,000 - 1993
1,431,000 - 1994
1,363,690 - 1995
1,365,730 - 1996
1,365,730 - 1997-Estimate
1,365,730 - 1998-Estimate
1,365,730 - 1999-Estimate
30,010,378- Total abortions since 1973
-Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1973-1996 totals,
cited in
"Abortion Services in the United States, 1991 &
1992"
by Stanley K. Henshaw, et al; Family Planning
Perspectives,
vol. 26, no. 3 (May/June 1994), p. 101;
Alan Guttmacher Institute;
a possible 3% underreporting rate favored the
total. National
Right to Life estimates for 1998 & 1999.
2,795 teenagers per day get pregnant;
1,106 abortions per day are performed on teenagers.
-Children's Defense Fund;
reprinted in Adoptalk, newsletter of NACAC, Summer 1990
14% of parents surveyed would advise their teenage daughter,
if she became pregnant, to marry the father;
22% would advise her to raise the child alone;
15% would advise her to give the child up for adoption;
11% would advise her to get an abortion;
20% would advise their teenage son, if he got someone pregnant, to
marry the mother;
7% would advise him to help pay for an abortion;
52% would advise him to help pay for medical expense and child
support;
1% would advise him to try to get out of the situation.
-TIME magazine poll, 7-2-90, P.24
Over 4,300 abortions are performed each day in the U.S.
-Alan Guttmacher Institute (the federal research arm of
Planned Parenthood Federation of America), 3-87.
14% of donors to the pro-abortion National Organization for Women
(NOW)
also support the anti-abortion organization, Operation
Rescue.
-Survey by Barna Research Group, Glendale, CA
reported in More Than Money, Spring 1995 issue
ADOPTEES
o The number of Serial Killers who are adopted is disproportionate to
the general population who are serial killers.
o TWICE as many adopted killers are in the category of Adoptees Who
Killed Their Adopters.
60-85% of internees at Coldwater Canyon Center For Personal
Development,
psychiatric facility are adoptees; most are referrals from
Juvenile Probation Dept.
-Dr. Lee Bloom, Former Unit Director
Coldwater Canyon Hospital, Hollywood, CA; reported in
"Growing Up Behind Locked Doors," Rolling Stone magazine,
11-20-86.
20-35% of internees at several hundred private psychiatric hospitals
in 13 regions
were adoptees.
-Betty Jean Lifton, American Adoption Congress conference,
1988,
from a report by an Illinois doctor.
70% of internees at a Monroe, Washington psychiatric facility were
adoptees.
-Reported to American Adoption Congress conference,
1988 by Washington Adoptee Rights Movement (WARM)
attended by a Monroe counselor.
5-15% of patient load in mental clinics is the average reported figure
for adoptees
under psychiatric care, although official (govt.) stats
estimate only 2% of U.S.
population are adoptees. (Theory: a child's ignorance of his
past causes
"genealogical bewilderment" [and so is] prone to
dysfunction.)
12% of adolescents and children in private therapy are adopted;
20-30% of adolescents and children in psychiatric in-patient units are
adoptees;
-An Open Adoption, Lincoln Caplan, Farrar, Straus & Giroux,
NY,
as cited in Bottom Line, 9-15-90
14% of adoptees end up in therapy, and
40% of adoptees end up in schools for disturbed children
(of the estimated 2% of the population who are adoptees).
-Dr. Steven Nickman as quoted by Dr. Phyllis Chesler in
Scared Bond (Geraldo show transcript #225, 7-28-88)
40% of psychiatric internees surveyed were adoptees;
adopted children have a higher rate of emotional and
psychological problems than the general population of
youngsters
-Mothers On Trial, Dr. Phyillis Chesler,
quoting Dr. William Murdoch, child psychologist at
Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and
Director, Charter Hospital-Redlands Child In-Patient Unit
13% of 69 firesetters were adoptees compared to a
control group of non-firesetters which had only 3% adoptees.
-Dr. Wayne S. Wooden and Dr. Martha Lou Berkey,
a study of youthful firesetters in the San
Bernadino County, CA, Juvenile Justice System
45% of all 602's (felonies committed by juveniles) are by adoptees.
-Interstate Compact On Children, as reported by June Idler,
Juvenile Compact, Riverside County Juvenile Probation Dept, 1988
20% of adolescents in drug rehabilitation and residential substance
abuse
treatment programs are adopted.
-Center For Adoptive Families.
Adoptees Who Kill
"I'm afraid to get angry."
-(Quote by Attorney Donald Humphrey, an adoptee, regarding male
adoptees' inability to express emotion)
16% of 500 serial killers are adoptees.
-- FBI statistics - http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/foiaindex_s.htm
14% of 225 serial killers are adoptees
-- Dr. Mike Aamodt, Radford University
Web pages at http://AdoptedPrisoners.com & http://www.adoptedkillers.com
provide a name and face to adoptees who have killed including Serial
Killers, Adoptees Who Kill Their Adopters. Chosen Children, a free 300-
page e-book at http://TheChosenChildren.com contains in-depth research
on Serial Killers, the majority of whom are Adoptees, as well as
unscripted narratives incarcerated adoptees (drug addicts, thieves,
murderers, a child molester), and what makes their crimes unique to
adoptees.
As with any stress, adoption can affect different people in different
ways and to different degrees. Male adoptees appear to deal with their
feelings of rejection with more rage and aggression than do females.
The ultimate expression of such rage is an act of violence, even
murder. In 1997, one 100 children under age 10 were charged with
murder (Frontline, PBS, 12-16-97); "tough on crime" politicos seek to
prosecute them as adults and claim they are "genetically defective."
ADOPTERS
Who Adopts?
2,000,000 women between the ages of 14 and 44 who
were surveyed in 1988, had ever sought to adopt a
child.
Of these,
1.3-million did not adopt,
620,000 had adopted one or more children;
204,000 were currently seeking.
-CASAnet Resource Library online; "Foster Care and Adoption
Statistics
Summary," CRS Report for Congress; 1-15-97; Child
Welfare League of America
232,000 married women had taken steps toward adopting in 1995;
-National Center for Health Statistics, 1999
11-25% of couples with infertility problems had taken steps toward
adopting in 1996;
12-25% of adoptions, depending on state law, are by single persons..
[Note: This figure would include single lesbian and gay
adopters with partners.]
-Shireman, 1995
2,000,000 couples competed for 58,000 children placed for adoption in
1984
- a ratio of 35:1.
-"Adoption--It's Not Impossible," Andrew B. Wilson,
Business Week, 7-8-85, p. 112
20% of adopters (as compared to 20% of mothers) felt anxious, and
10% of each group felt depressed in their first 6 weeks of
motherhood,
fatigue being more prevalent among mothers.
-"Family Medicine", a study of 200 new mothers, 1-91
1,500,000 (estimated) American children are being raised
by their grandparents, up 1,000,000 from 1990;
About 400 support groups offer advice to
grandparents
raising their children's children.
-Capper's, 9-23-97, p.11
(Note: Grandparents often adopt the
grandchildren they
are raising for legal protections; no
figures are available but
there have been many resulting lawsuits by
parents seeking to
block such adoptions or to regain custody
of their children
from their parents; in past times, many
grandparents raised
"illegitimate" grandchildren as if they
were siblings of their
own children.)
ADOPTION
(See also Intercountry adoption)
Number of U.S. Domestic Adoptions
1,400,000 (1.4-million or 87% of all adoptions) were domestic
adoptions in 2000.
200,000 (or 13% of all adoptions) were of foreign-born children
1,600,000 - Total Number of Adoptions in the U.S. in 2000
-U.S. Census, 2000
FY Estimated 2002 U.S. Domestic Adoption Totals, by States Reporting,
of 50,000 U.S. Children Adopted from Foster Care, published by
North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC), Summer 2003
Alabama 279
Alaska
Arkansas
California
Colorado 891
Connecticut 564
Delaware 132
D.C. 313
Florida 2,246
Georgia 1,054
Hawaii 366
Idaho
Iowa 880
Kansas
Kentucky 552
Louisiana 474
Maine
Maryland 965
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota 627
Mississippi
Missouri 1,350
Montana
Nebraska
New Hampshire 144
New Jersey 1,364
New York
New Mexico
North Carolina 1,359
North Dakota
Ohio 2,165
Oklahoma
Oregon 1,118
Pennsylvania 2,020
South Carolina
South Dakota 145
Tennessee 922
Texas 2,292
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia 361
Wisconsin 939
Wyoming 50
190,000 children were adopted from foster care in 1999
-U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, AFCARS Report
50,000 children were adopted from public foster care in 2001;
50% were male;
50% were female;
38% were White;
35% were Black;
16% were Hispanic
-U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, AFCARS Report
Value & Costs of U.S. Adoption
$1.4-billion is the "value" placed on "adoption services" in the U.S.
despite only
138,000 adoptions in the same year, 1999;
11.5% is the projected annual growth to 2004;
$10-million is the average gross income for larger adoption agencies
in 1999.
-Marketdata Enterprises, Tampa, FL - http://www.mkt-data-ent.com/
$60,000+ is the "average cost" of a private adoption in the U.S. since
1999.
-Reported by adoption agencies to Amy Thurston, Spokesperson
National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, Washington, DC
$0-$2,500 is the cost for domestic public agency adoption in 1999;
attorney fees for finalizing the adoption are additional;
$4,000-$30,000+ was the cost for a domestic private agency adoption;
$8,000-$30,000+ was the cost for a domestic independent adoption;
-National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, Washington, DC
$140 million was appropriated in Y-2000 just for Block Grant Title
XX,
adoption and foster care.
-Adoptalk, Winter 2000, Newsletter of North American
Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC)
$67.3 billion, conservatively estimated, is spent for the 3 symbiotic
systems of
foster care, adoption, prisons (not including private
foundation
grants, private post-adoption psychotherapy, all juvenile
detention facilities,
nor monitoring of 2.6 million parolees/probationers, nor
counting privatized
prisons in 27 states).
-Chosen Children at http://TheChosenChildren.com
[Documents that former foster kids & adoptees are over-
represented in
prison the population.]
Adoption Subsidies
[See Preface for failure of Federal Adoption Law (subsidies) to move
children out of foster care.] Federal and state benefits are being
paid as adoption incentives in addition to employer-paid benefits such
as reimbursement for a portion of adoption expenses and unpaid leave.
No benefits accrue to families; family preservation funds and Aid to
Dependent Families & Children (AFDC) was cut:
$ 5,000 per child is the Federal Adoption Tax Credit, effective
January 1, 1997;
$ 10,000 per child in 2002;
$ 6,000 per "special needs" child is the Federal Adoption Tax Credit
to 2002;
$ 12,000 per "special needs" child in 2002;
$ 2,500-up is the Federal Non-Recurring Adoption Expense
Reimbursement;
$9,000,000 was established by the National Adoption Foundation
(Danbury, CT)
to provide unsecured loans to adopters (usually in the $2500-
range);
"Adoption Cancellation Insurance" is available for purchase by
adopters
from Kemper Insurance Company, through MBO (Menlo Park, CA);
$ 2,000 per adoption is paid for "special needs" child from child
welfare system;
12,858 new State adoption subsidies were approved by New York in
1999;
62% of children receiving an adoption subsidy in New York qualified
because
they were "hard to place" [Note: all are receiving a
subsidy but
62% are solely because they were hard to place];
25% of children who qualified for a subsidy had physical or severe
medical
conditions [Note: 75% of the children receiving special
needs subsidy are
for "Personality" or "behavioral" reasons; 25% are for
"legitimate" handicaps]
50% of all "special needs" children are placed in adoptive homes
headed by a single mother; more male than female children were
adopted with subsidy in New York;
although the 2000 Census estimates that more foreign-born adoptions
are of female children; [Note: Unknown is the number of unemployed
single adopters living off the warehousing of a child]
Total Number of Americans Affected
140,000,000 Americans (50% of the U.S. population) have an adoption in
their
immediate family.
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR) estimate, based on
surveys of
adoptive families, by adoption search-support umbrella
organizations in
the American Open Records Movement, particularly Musser
Foundation,
1990, and on the generally accepted definition of
"family."
DEFINITION: "Immediate family" includes: one's grandparents, parents,
brothers, sisters, spouse, children and grandchildren.
-The Family History Center, Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter Day Saints;
reprinted in "Dear Abby," Los Angeles Times, 5-30-92
6 in 10 Americans have had a personal experience with adoption;
a majority of Americans are personally affected by
adoption.
-Evan B. Donaldson Adoption Institute, 1997 Survey of
1,554
adults; the survey found that 6 in 10 are either
adopted
themselves, or a close family member or friend was
adopted,
or had adopted a child, or had placed a child for
adoption.
1 in 15 persons are personally affected by adoption.
-Clinical Practice of Adoption, (psychology practitioner
guidebook),
Pergamon Press; Robin C. Winkler, Dirck Brown, Margaret van
Keppel,
Amy Blanchard.
1-million children in the U.S. live with adoptive parents, and
2%-4% of American families include an adopted child.
-K.S. Stolley, 1993, in "Future of Children,"
Center for Future of Children, Los Altos, CA
2% of the U.S. population, or 5-10-million Americans, are adoptees.
-Adoption Factbook, National Council For Adoption
100,000+ adoption-related web-sites exist on Internet.
-World Wide Web search engine results for keyword
"adoption"
107,000 adoptions were facilitated in 1960;
175,000 adoptions were facilitated in 1970;
141,861 adoptions were facilitated in 1980;
-Statistical Abstract of the U.S. (For 1992, see Flango,
below)
141,861 adoptions were facilitated in 1982; of those,
91,141 adoptions were by biological relatives;
50,720 adoptions were by non-relatives;
17,602 (of the 50,720) were adoptions of healthy white infants;
5,702 (of the 50,720) were adoptions of foreign children;
14,005 (of the 50,720) were adoptions of special needs children;
9,591 (of the 50,750) were adoptions by foster parents.
-Adoption Factbook, 1985,
National Committee For Adoption, Washington, DC
127,441 children of all races and nationalities were adopted in the
U.S. in 1992
42% (53,525) of the total were relative adoptions;
37.5% (47,627) of the total were either private agency or
independent adoptions of U.S. children;
15.5% (19,753) of the total were conducted by public agencies;
5% (6,536) of the total were from other countries, adopted by U.S.
citizens1992
-Immigration/Naturalization Service, FY 1993, 1994,
1995);
"The Flow of Adoption Information from the States,"
Victor E. Flango, Carol R. Flango, National Center for
State Courts,
(1-6-98, National Adoption Information Clearinghouse)
14,095 children were adopted out of 592,954 (2%) in foster care,
1990;
20,108 children were adopted out of 652,256 (3.1%) in foster care in
1991;
20,298 children were adopted out of 638,647 (3.1%) in foster care in
1992;
22,412 children were adopted out of 655,787 (3.4%) in foster care in
1993;
19,224 children were adopted out of 692,506 (2.7%) in foster care in
1994
-Federal government VCIS Surveys for 1990-1994,
"Population Flow Exhibit 15"
14,722 adoptions in California in 1992;
9,570 adoptions in New York in 1992;
8,235 adoptions in Texas in 1992;
6,839 adoptions in Florida in 1992;
6,599 adoptions in Illinois in 1992.
-Flango and Flango, 1994
42% or 53,525 adoptions were kinship or stepparent adoptions in 1992.
-Flango and Flango, 1994
8% of adoptions were transracial in 1992.
-K.S. Stolley, 1993, in "Future for Children" for
Center for Future of Children, Los Altos, CA
760,000 children are reported missing each year;
unknown numbers are stolen for secret adoption.
-Center for Missing and Exploited Children, Washington,
DC
Percentages of Failed Adoptions
13% of all adopted children were returned to state officials in 1989;
25% of all adopted children who are older or who have physical or
emotional
problems were returned by their adopters in 1989.
-Child Welfare League of America
1,000 children per year are returned to adoption agencies by their
adopters;
2% of the 1,000 are under age 2;
25% are ages 12-17 will be sent back to agencies and their adoptions
dissolved;
(Note: adoptions are not followed up beyond first year).
3-5 couples out of every 100 adoptions are expected to file claims
against
agencies' adoption insurance policies due to mothers
revoking consent to
adoption.
-Reprinted in Quest, Newsletter of Kinquest Inc, 12-90
4 years is the maximum wait for a foster child to be adopted as
prescribed by
New York State Child Welfare Reform Act;
6 years is the true average wait for a foster child to be adopted in
New York.
-"No Place To Call Home: Discarded Children in America,"
U.S. House Select Committee on Children, Youth and
Families,
12-11-89; and The Foster Care Monitoring Committee's
report to the Mayor of New York, 1990.
15% of ALL adoptions fail.
-Marsha Riben, in
Shedding Light on the Dark Side of Adoption
50%-80% of ALL FOREIGN adoptions are terminated.
-from agency and association estimates quoted in "Foreign
Adoption Sours;
Risk Not Uncommon," Saginaw News, 2-24-91.
Black Market Adoptions
5,000 babies a year are illegally brought into the U.S.;
$1,000 to $50,000 U.S. was the cost of black market adoptions or
baby buying (baby broker receiving bulk of profits).
-"In The Market For Babies," The Plain Truth, 9-90, p.28
10,000 children are known to be illegally transported abroad each
year,
most of them by an estranged parent. [as of 2001; unknown
numbers
leave the U.S. for illicit purposes including black market
adoptions.]
-National Center for Missing & Exploited Children,
Alexandria,VA
$80,000 is what a black market adoption can cost, 1996 to present.
-Los Angeles Times, 6-22-96, B-7
$120,000 is the price a child can bring for other illicit purposes.
-Enslaved, by Gordon Thomas (published by Pharos)
2,000 adoption placements goal set for Los Angeles County Dept. of
Children and
Family Services for 1998 was protested by social workers who
are
supporters of family reunification.
-"Social Workers Protest Increased Adoption Goal,"
Los Angeles Times, 4-10-97, B-10.
Adoption Agencies
55 out of 127 National Council For Adoption (NCFA) member agencies
are
Mormon;
11 out of the 127 are affiliated with the Edna Gladney Center in
Texas.
ADOPTION SEARCH & SUPPORT
72% of adolescent American adoptees want to know why they were
adopted;
65% want to meet their parents; and
94% want to know which parent they look like.
-National Adoption Information Clearinghouse
& Reader's Digest, http://www.rd.com, 7/2003
80% of 854 parents contacted in 4 states (AL, DE, OR, TN--which
recently
passed legislation permitting adult adoptees access to their
original birth
certificates) consented to the contact.
-"Open Records Trigger Requests by Adoptees"
by Cheryl Wetzstein, Washington Times, 1-20-03
80% of parents actively search for their children;
99% of parents found by adoptees wanted to be found;
80% of adoptees polled actively search for their families;
100% of adoptees found by their parents wanted to be found.
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR)
1,500,000 registrants were claimed by Adoptees Liberty
Movement Assoc. (ALMA) reunion registry, 1971-1988;
51,000 registrants claimed by International Soundex Reunion
Registry (ISRR) in 1988;*
98% successful reunions claimed by Adoptee-Birthparents'
Assn.,(ABA), 1973-1988.
-as told to Americans For Open Records (AmFOR)
by Florence Fisher (ALMA), Emma May
Vilardi (ISRR), Alberta Sorenson (ABA) in 1988.
200,000 registrants are claimed by Virginia Long, Adoptee Searches
Inc., MO
-Rural, Missouri newsclip, 5-94
60,000 or more Americans in New York City are engaged in searches for
biological parents or children separated by adoption.
-American Adoption Congress, citing "Are You My
Mother?,"
Elizabeth Taylor, TIME, 10-0-89. p.90.
14,000 reunions, in 14 years, of adoptees & their family members,
were quietly facilitated, without charge, by
Americans For Open Records (AmFOR), 1989-2003.
2 years is the adoptee's average wait for non-identifying information,
or family
contact via confidential intermediaries, in Denver,
Arkansas;
1-1/2 years in Los Angeles, in Y-2000.
44,000 adoptions in the past century were facilitated in Los Angeles
County by
Children's Home Society, a private adoption agency;
1,500 requests per year from adoptees and mothers hoping for reunions
are
received by CHS;
20% of them achieve reunions through CHS.
-"Mystery Baby," Bob Pool, Los Angeles Times,
1-12-92, B-1
4 states (only) provide adult adoptees with their original birth
certificates upon request with ID -- AK/KS/TN/OR;
9 states have no provisions whatsoever for obtaining information
post
adoption, except by court order impossible to obtain]:
DE, MT, NH, NC, RI, VT, WY; Iowa offers an application form for
pre-1941;
21 states provide non-identifying information to parents:
AL, AZ, AR, CA, CT, DE, HI, IN, MD, MA, MI, MN,
NM, NC, OK, OR, RI, SC, UT, VT, WA.
ALL states provide non-identifying info to adopters;
ALL states except DC, NJ, NV provide non-identifying info to
adoptees at age of majority (age differs from state to
state).
47 states have voluntary reunion registries (Passive Registries):
AR, CA, FL, ID, IL, IA, LA, ME, MD, MA, MO, NV,
NM, NY, OK, RI, SC, SD, TX, UT, WV;
(Active Registries): AL, AZ, CO, CT, DE, GA, IN, KS,
KY, MI, MN, MS, MO, MT NE, NH, NJ, NM, ND,
OR, PA, TN, VT, WA, WI, WY;
(Parent Registries) AL, AK, GA, KY, MI, NE, PA, WI
-National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, 10/97;
cited in
-The Ultimate Search Book-2005 at
$5,000 is the highest fine (in California) for "unauthorized
disclosure from a
sealed adoption record," (exceeded only by former Soviet
Union
whose vital records are not public);
$100 (and/or 30 days in jail) is the fine in Idaho;
$500-2,000 (and/or 90 days) is the fine in Kentucky and Louisiana;
in New Hampshire, violating confidentiality of adoption is a
misdemeanor;
in Texas and some other states, the penalty is greater than
for unlicensed
placement or babyselling;
99 years is how long the present National Uniform Adoption Act
mandates sealing of adoptees' birth records, with provisions
for fine and
imprisonment for unauthorized disclosure.
"Right To Know" Polls
82% (641,016) of "Playgirl" Magazine's readership polled favored
adoptees'
"right to know"and seek out their "natural parents."
-Playgirl Magazine, Reader's Poll, August 1985
POLL:
QUESTION: Should adoptees be able to access their own birth records?
77% - Yes, in all cases
21% - Yes, except when the mother has requested otherwise
2% - No.
QUESTION: Should the release of information be restricted to medical
records
and not include the identity of parents?
70% - No.
30% - Yes.
QUESTION: Should mothers be informed when their children access
their birth records?
76% - Yes.
22% - No.
-Parenting Magazine (results of August 2000 Poll
published November 2000, p. 30)
86% of Americans believe that an individual's right to privacy
is more important than the public's right to access
information
that the government collects.
-"Commentary: Press Must Encourage Open Records,
Not Feed Public's Privacy Fear" by Kenneth A. Paulson,
Senior Vice-President, The Freedom Forum, and
Executive
Director of The First Amendment Center, citing
Associated Press Poll, in Newsstand & Archives, Forum
News, 1997,
http://www.freedomforum.org/newsstand/forum_news/1997/12s.asp
94% of adoptees who wrote to public officials favored
model state adoption legislation allowing open records;
6% opposed it.
-Study by Harriet Ganson & Judith Cook, 1986, presented
to American Sociological Assn. 81st Annual Meeting
42% of ALL adoptees, and
42% of ALL parents were searching in 1989.
-American Adoption Congress
80% of 350 adolescent adoptees in a 7-year study had questioned their
adopters
and others about their pre-adoptive backgrounds;
20% had taken steps to obtain their records.
-Arnold Silverman & William Fiegelman, sociologist-
professors,
Nassau Community College, SUNY 7-year study of
350 adoptive families, 1983, reported in New York Times,
9-7-83, p.A-22.
65% of adoption search-support groups' members were female;
75% of members "on line" for national computer bulletin board
searches were male;
40 times more mothers than fathers were searching for their children.
-1989 surveys, Jone Carlson
People Searching News, Ft. Lauderdale, FL.
35% of adoptees registered in Minnesota were able to achieve contact
through the state's Intermediary System, whereas
97% of Concerned United Birthparents registrants achieved successful
reunions;
97% of 400 reunions facilitated by Orphan Voyage in Massachusetts in
1976
were successful, with only 12 rejections;
97% of over 5,000 reunions facilitated since 1971 by Adoptees Liberty
Movement
Assn. (ALMA), New York, were successful.
97% of 312 (or 303) contacts made by Washington Adoptees Rights
Movement
(WARM), Washington, were successful;
98% of reunions facilitated by The Adoption & Family Awareness Center
(Div. of Musser Foundation, FL) were successful, with
95% of cases resulting in locating person;
50% completed in less than 90 days, 20% taking longer.
Out of 260 searches:
126 requests for search help came from
adoptees;
102 requests were from parents;
12 from siblings;
6 from grandparents;
6 from adopters;
8 were searching for fathers only;
16 found mother deceased but were reunited
with sibs;
25 mothers had married the father;
35 mothers never had other children;
92 adoptees had been raised as an only
child;
5 adoptees had not been told of their
adoption;
5 fathers initiated the search;
72 years was the age of the oldest
searching mother;
61 years was oldest adoptee completing a
search;
19 years was youngest adoptee completing a
search;
EVERY person surveyed, regardless of the
outcome,
said they would do the search again.
-Sandra K. Musser,
Adoption and Family Awareness Center
(FL).
489 (52%) of parties located by Arizona Confidential Intermediaries
consented to contact;
63 (7%) of parties sought were deceased;
43 (5%) consented to exchange of non-identifying information
(July 1992 - February 1999);
89 (10%) denied consent to exchange of information;
15 (2%) denied parental relationship
669 (75%) - Total
78 (8%) parties not located;
90 (10%) program closed for administrative reasons;
39 (4%) client withdrawal;
26% (3%) no Arizona adoption on record
934 total cases closed July 1993 - February 1999
6.88 average number of hours searched;
4.76 average number of hours billed;
$82.67 average fee charged per case;
$91.15 average costs billed per case;
143 average number of days to complete a search
272 cases currently open
-Database Statistics from 77 Certified Arizona Confidential
Intermediaries, 1999 at http://www.supreme.state.az.us/cip/stat.htm
98-99% of mothers found by AmFOR and other search groups wanted to be
found.
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR),
which conducted over 14,000 searches/reunions
1989-2003
100% of adoptees found by AmFOR wanted to be found.
Disinterest in "searching" is sometimes expressed by some
adoptees, but it is usually couched in terms of fearing
rejection
or futility of searching rather than refusal of contact.
-Americans For Open Records (AmFOR), based on over
14,000 reunions, 1989-2003.
1 mother (out of thousands in 18 years) refused contact from her adult
child.
-Winona Durbin, Adoptions Social Worker, Riverside County
Social Services, Riverside, CA
95% of adoptees were pleased with the outcome of reunions with their
parents;
50% of reunited adoptees now visit on a regular basis;
17% of reunited adoptees had only one meeting.
-Dr. Paul Sachdev, Professor, Memorial University, St.
Johns, Newfoundland
65% of children born to unwed mothers don't know who their fathers
are.
-USA Today, 1995
25% of fathers are "unknown" or "missing."
-National Council For Adoption, as cited in "Fears Haunt
Adoptive
Parents," by John Bebow, Ann Arbor News, 8-29-93, p. A-9
30% of all divorced fathers lose contact with their children.
-The Daily Telegraph, as quoted on
The Ricki Lake Show, 1-6-95
3 out of 22 items of information concerning their own national,
ethnic, religious
backgrounds was all that was known to most adult adoptees
surveyed.
-1977 Study, Adoption-In-Search newsletter, Autumn/Winter
1986
35 matches in 9 years, of adoptees with parents, were
facilitated by New York's State Registry as of 6-92,
despite
2,119 adoptees and 932 "parents registered, at an average cost of $275
each;
-New York Dept. of Social Services.
$200-up is what Arizona & several other states courts charge
adoptees to search for parents via confidential
intermediaries,
with no guarantee of contact or disclosure, nor refund if
contact is refused by the other party.
-Letter and brochure from AZ State Court, Phoenix,
soliciting referrals from private search groups,
1999
$100 was the fee for records search and written/summarized
information, plus
$ 75 for providing information in an interview with a social
worker at Children's Home Society of CA-Los Angeles
for provision to an adoptee of his own non-identifying
background background information.
-Raymond E. Cheroske, Director,
Children's Home Society of CA-Los Angeles, 1-18-92
letter.
$2,500-up was the cost to a parent for an "underground" search
for an adoptee by some major search organizations and
"undergrounds" due to birth indexes being sold privately;
$30,000 is the price allegedly paid for California birth indexes
by an adopter who sells names to adoptees & parents;
$200-up per name is what the Adopter in California charged
for that information from California "Sealed" Birth
Indexes;
$350-$2,500 was charged to adoptees and parents by private
searchers; private investigators may charge more,
depending on difficulty of finding or purchasing
information.
$450-$1,200 is a price range quoted for most searches with, "no
guarantee";
$0 is the cost for adoption search help from Orphan Voyage
chapters, Americans For Open Records (AmFOR), and
very few others charge no search fees. The (Mormon) Family
History Centers do not charge for genealogical searches but
do not
engage in adoption searches..
-The Open Records Movement &
The Ultimate Search Book-2005 - http://UltimateSearchBook.com
$0 is the cost of locating someone by known name, nationwide,
or by city/state/region,via a public library's address/phone
databases (such as "PhoneDisc"), WhitePages.com,
Searchgateway.com reverse lookups. Some
search services charge from $69-$350-up for this.
-AmFOR; Rancho Mirage Public Library, Rancho Mirage, CA
$0 is the cost of search help via THE FREE WORLDWIDE REGISTRY &
SEARCH webpage at http://www.AmFOR.net/SearchLinks.html
$189 plus tax & shipping was the advertised price of
-The Locator, an alleged search manual by Troy Dunn,
aka International Locator/Caradium Publishing.
-"The Cost of Searching" by Dana Kressierer,
Insight to Adoption Triad, Columbus, OH
$200 is cost of "1-800-US-SEARCH" adoption "search guide"
-reported to AmFOR (1998) by Joyce M. Cash, adopter
in Milton, Florida, who was still at a dead end after
reading it.
83.7% of adopters either agreed or strongly agreed that an
adult adoptee should be able to obtain a copy of his/her
original birth certificate.
-Survey of New York Adoptive Parents, 1995-1995,
by Rosemary J. Avery, Cornell University,
and Judith Ashton, NY State Coalition For Children
Inc,
in The Roundtable newsletter, Vol. 11, #1, p. 9-10
SEARCH-SUPPORT SURVEY
An Ongoing Survey at "Torn Asunder" web-site
http://www.fortunecity.com/meltingpot/springhill/801/tornasunder/facts
o BIRTH MOTHERS AND CONFIDENTIALITY
56% said they were not promised confidentiality
o DOES THE MEDIA FAIRLY PORTRAY BIRTH MOTHERS?
67% said No
o HOW DO ADOPTEES PREFER THAT INITIAL CONTACT BE MADE?
38% By letter
46% By Phone
8% By intermediary
8% Not at all
o HOW MANY REGISTER WITH THE ISRR
75% said they had registered
o HOW HONEST WAS THE ATTORNEY OR AGENCY?
13% felt that the agency/attorney were completely honest.
13% felt that the agency/attorney was blatantly dishonest
27% felt that some of the practices or statements were questionable.
27% felt they were lied to in at least some things.
20% don't know if they were lied to or not.
o HOW LONG HAD ADOPTIVE PARENTS BEEN TRYING TO ADOPT?
100% of those responding said they had been trying to adopt for 1-2
years.
o WHEN ARE ADOPTEES TOLD THEY ARE ADOPTED?
75% of all responding adoptees felt as thought they have always known
they were adopted and don't remember a defining moment of being told.
25% say that they were told between 6-10 years of age.
o OF THE ADOPTEES THAT REMEMBER BEING TOLD
63% were told by their adoptive Mothers.
o WHY DO ADOPTEES SEARCH?
50% Said they wanted to know ethnic or cultural heritage.
25% said they wanted medical information.
25% said they were wanting to have a "family type" relationship with
their Birth Family.
o THE GREATEST FEAR ADOPTIVE PARENTS HAVE CONCERNING THEIR CHILDREN'S
SEARCH
60% said they were fearful that their children would be disappointed
or hurt
20% were fearful of being replaced.
o A BIRTH PARENTS GREATEST FEAR CONCERNING THE OUTCOME OF THEIR SEARCH
57% were fearful that they would find that their child did not have a
wonderful life.
14% were afraid that they would find that their child had died.
o ADOPTEES GREATEST FEAR CONCERNING THE OUTCOME OF THEIR SEARCH
33% are afraid that they will find that their Birth Parents are
deceased.
22% are fearful of being rejected.
22% are afraid they will find that they are a product of rape.
o CONCERNING THE OUTCOME OF REUNION
Respondents are equally divided on the outcome of their reunion with
an
equal number of people replying that it is:not worth the effort, has
problems but all parties are committed to working them out, or the
individual was rejected immediately.
o WHEN ADOPTEES WERE ASKED IF THEIR ADOPTIVE PARENTS PARTICIPATED IN
THEIR SEARCHES
An equal number responded that their parents had either helped them,
or
that they had been unable to tell their parents of their search.
o FALSIFIED BIRTH CERTIFICATES
80% of responding birth parents said they were given no information
concerning the fact that birth certificates and DOB's could be
changed.
o WERE BIRTHPARENTS PROMISED THEY COULD HAVE CONTACT WITH THEIR ADULT
CHILDREN AFTER ADOPTION?
50% said NO
FAMILY PRESERVATION
Between 1983 and 1993, most of the growth in foster care in New York
and Illinois was absorbed by kinship care. While the number of foster
children under state supervision increased in those states, relatives
cared for most of the children who accounted for this growth.
By 1993, kinship providers cared for a third of the foster
children in New York, 40% of foster children in California, and almost
half of the foster children in Illinois. Between 986 and 1990, 25
states had reported an increase in their use of kinship caregivers,
from 18% of their foster care caseload to 31%. New York, Illinois and
California were responsible for much of this increase.
In California, AmFOR, along with Planned Parenthood and the
Association of University Women, helped to pass a bill for "Priorities
in Placement," requiring that priority in adoption placements be given
to the child's biological relatives.
$300,000,000 is appropriated annually for Title IV-B
Child Welfare Services; Title IV-E Foster Care allotment
can be transferred to Title IV-B.)
999,100 children residing in 577,000 families had open cases
in a public welfare agency in 1994;
57% of children live with at least 1 member of a nuclear family;
19% of children live with nuclear and extended family;
8% of children live with family and non-family members;
2% of children live with family in a shelter;
1% of children have no regular dwelling;
2% "other"
11% "unknown"
100%
48% of 999,100 children in the welfare system had developmental
disabilities;
27% of children were emotionally disabled;
18% of children were learning disabled;
8% of children were hearing/speech sight impaired;
4% "other"
20% of 703,300 children were born prematurely;
28% of children had low birth weights;
28% of children had positive drug toxicology;
7% of children had positive alcohol toxicology;
2% of children were HIV positive
4% of children were under 1 year of age;
24% of children were 1-4 years of age;
25% of children were 9-12 years of age;
20% of children were 13-16 years of age;
7% of children were 17 years of age
8.5 years was the mean age;
8 years was the median age
46% of children being served were White (non-Hispanic);
41% of children were African-American (over-represented);
11% of children were Hispanic
4% "other" including 1% who were Native American,
Alaskan Native and Asian/Pacific Islander
75% of cases--caretaker was "mother"(birth, adoptive, step);
5% of cases--caretaker was "father" (birth, adoptive, step);
2% of cases--caretaker was aunt or uncle;
1% of cases--caretaker was sibling (including half-sibling);
13% of cases--information not available
100% of 999,100 cases
*50% of caretakers lacked parenting skills;
34% of caretakers lacked employment skills;
29% of caretakers had parent-child conflict;
26% of caretakers had substance abuse problem;
22% of caretakers had mental health problem;
19% of caretakers had marital conflict;
11% of caretakers had battery by partner;
11% of caretakers had physical health problem;
10% of caretakers were homeless;
4% of caretakers were incarcerated;
4% of caretakers were institutionalized;
3% of caretakers had mental retardation
4% "other"
(Total not 100% due to more than one category per case)
*19% of caretakers received parent training in-home;
*18% of caretakers received parenting classes
Reasons for Non-Provision of Services:
Child Caretaker
25% 21% - service not available in
the particular area;
16% 19% - refusal/non-cooperation;
15% 10% - waited-listed for
service;
2% 18% - ineligible;
5% 1% - responsible agency
refused to provide service;
4% -0- - transportation not
available;
-0- 3% - primary caretakers not
available;
20% 9% - "other"
78,600 116,200
73% of cases--biological mother's average age was 31.7 years;
3% of cases--primary caretaker was under age 20;
37% of cases--families who receive services derived their
income from wages and salaries;
44% of cases--received food stamps;
44% of cases--on Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC);
55% of cases--received Medicaid;
16% of cases--enrolled in Women, Infants & Children
(WIC) nutrition program;
28% of families had "unstable" or temporary housing;
21% of families had neighborhood crime and drugs;
11% of families had extreme overcrowding;
9% of families had problems with neighbors;
8% of families had problems with landlords;
7% of families faced eviction;
7% of families had major household systems not working
(Total not 100% die to more than 1 category per case.)
Services that Children & Families Received Directly from the
Caseworker:
76% monitoring child safety;
63% coordination: telephone;
56% referral to other services;
53% coordination: review of progress reports;
48% counseling of caretaker;
44% coordination: interagency staffing;
43% counseling of primary caretaker
37% advocacy with school system;
37% investigation of abuse/neglect;
30% advocacy with health provider;
30% advocacy with public assistance;
7% advocacy with other agencies/systems;
16% advocacy with juvenile agencies;
12% advocacy with housing agency or landlord;
8% provide flexible dollars for emergencies
(Total not 100% due to more than 1 category per case.)
-"Characteristics of Children & Their Primary
Caretakers,"
US Dept. Of Health & Human Services, Children's
Bureau
US Government Printing Office, March 1, 1994
FOSTER CHILDREN, FOSTER CARE SYSTEM, ORPHANAGES
(see also Preface on failure of Federal Adoption Law to place foster
kids in adoptive homes in Y-2000)
500,000 children are in foster care in the United States and Canada;
70,000 "special needs" children are available for adoption.
-Brochure of NACAC, St. Paul, MN
442,218 children in the U.S. were in foster care in 1996;
461,163 children were in foster care at end of fiscal 9/30/94;
71,000 children from public agencies had a permanency plan
of adoption, fiscal year 1992;
86,000 children had a permanency plan of adoption, end of FY'93;
18,000 adoptions were finalized in 1992;
17,000 children resided in non-finalized adoptive homes in 1992;
21,000 children who were legally freed for adoption were
still awaiting a permanent family in 1992;
30,000 children were not legally freed for adoption in 1992;
-National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, Fairfax,
VA
-fiscal 7/96 stats reported to NAIC, in
"Characteristics of Children in Substitute and
Adoptive Care"
Voluntary Cooperative Information System (VCIS) of
the American Human Services Assn. (APHSA), Wash.,
DC.
69,000 "adoptable" children are in foster care in the
U.S.
20,000 of the 69,000) are legally freed for
adoption.
-Adoption Factbook, National Council For Adoption,
12-90
75% of all children in foster care have experienced some form of
sexual abuse.
-Adoption and Sexually Abused Children, edited by Joan and
Bernard McNamara, University of Maine, Portland, 1990, p.
160.
50-75% of all children initially placed in foster care eventually
were returned to their parents;
69,000 children were determined "adoptable" in 1990;
44% (of the 69,000) were White;
43% (of the 69,000) were African American;
7% (of the 69,000) were Hispanic;
4% (of the 69,000) were under age 1;
36% (of the 69,000) were between ages 1 and 5;
43% (of the 69,000) were between ages 6 and 12;
17% (of the 69,000) were over age 12;
7.4 years was the median age;
2 out of 3 waiting children in 1990 had special needs:
medical, developmental, behavioral, psychological;
46% of waiting children (end of 1990) had been waiting 2 years;
30% increase in adoption subsidies was granted to public
and private agencies to facilitate adoptions of minority and
"special needs" children under the Clinton Administration.
-Adoption Fact Sheet, Office for Civil Rights, Health and
Human Services (HHS) home page:
http://www.hhs.gov/prog.org/oct/adoption.html ,
(on OCR home page April 1995, mha...@os.dhhs.gov )
1-million children will languish in foster care by 1995;
67% of foster children awaiting adoption placement are Black or Black/
White;
52% have some emotional problems;
32% have some degree of learning disability;
71% of Whites have more emotional disabilities than Blacks;
67% are male;
42% are members of sibling groups;
10.2 years is the average age of Black children;
12.6 years is the average age of White children;
5-12 years of age is the largest group;
54% under age 11 are Black;
31% under age 11 are White.
-The National Adoption Center (as of 3-22-91), and
"Adoption Crisis: The Truth Behind Adoption and Foster
Care"
by Carole A. McKelvey and Dr. JoEllen Stevens, c. 1994
494,000 children were in foster care at the end of 1995;
468,000 children were in foster care at the end of 1994;
400,000 children were in foster care at end of 1990;
280,000 children were in foster care at end of 1986;
200,000 children were in foster care at end of 1982.
88% of children in foster care at end of 1990 had no
relinquishment or termination of parental rights;
12% of children had parental rights relinquished of terminated;
60% of the 12% had permanency goal of family reunification;
15% of the 12% had a permanency goal of adoption;
12% of the 12% had a goal of long-term foster care;
5% of the 12% had a goal of independent living;
2% of the 12% had a goal of guardianship
1.7 months was the median length of stay in foster care in 1990;
1.3 months was the median length of stay in foster care in 1987;
1.7 months was the median length of stay in foster care in 1982
2.4 months was the median length of stay in foster care in 1977
-CASAnet Resource Library, "Foster Care and Adoption
Statistics Summary," from CRS Report for Congress,
Congressional Research Services, 1-15-97; Child Welfare
League of America (data for the 1977 stat by Westat)
50% of homeless youth on the street are runaways from foster care.
-Family Law Quarterly.
(Note: 500,000 persons are homeless on any given night,
according to Urban Institute, 1987; in 1991, 228,621 was
total for homeless across U.S.; California was the state
with
the most homeless--49,081, Los Angeles Times (4-13-91);
See also Los Angeles Times Magazine,
"Health Horizons," 3-21-93, p.9. In 1999, the "invisible
homeless"a were
chased from public view as result of recent vagrancy laws and
those
in temporary shelters for the homeless are not counted;
homelessness is
no less a problem in 1999.
1,200 teens disappear from foster care ach year in Los Angeles;
5% of former foster children were homeless in 1991.
-U.S. Government National Study, as cited in
Los Angeles Times editorial, 3-5-91.
69% of inmates in California State Prisons were foster children;
60% in Massachusetts State Prisons were foster children.
-Testimony, U.S. Congressman, Congressional record.
Costs $0.80/per hour is the typical earnings of foster parents in
Los Angeles County.
-TIME magazine, 10-8-90, p. 44
$4200 per year ($350/month) is what it costs to operate foster care in
Illinois;
$50,400 per year ($4200 per month) is what it costs to operate an
orphanage;
$180,000 per year is what it can cost to operate other group homes.
-Jerry Slomka, Deputy Director DCFS and Chief of the
Interagency Authority, in Adoptalk, Spring 1994, p.4
3 times the cost of foster care, and 10 times the cost of
welfare, is the cost to operate an orphanage.
-NBC TV News, 1997
$151,170 - $293,400 is what it cost to raise a child in 1990.
-USDA Family Economics Research Group, as cited in
Los Angeles Times Magazine, Jeanne Wright, 11-12-91, p.5
$44,000 per year ($810,000 in 18 years) is what it cost to
suppport a child in a specialized institution in New York.
-How To Raise An Adopted Child, Judith Schaffer,
Christina Lindstrom, The Center For Adoptive Families
$67,525 per year was the cost of residential treatment for a
child in Washington state in 1986;
$19,465 per year was the cost of Group Care in 1986;
$10,000 per month was average cost for Acute Psychiatric Hospital;
$ 3,600 for 9 months was cost of average foster care placement;
$ 2,600 was total cost of (average 5 weeks) Homebuilders
family preservation program.
-Adoptalk, newsletter of NACAC, Minnesota,
reprinted from National Governor's Assn.1986 Report:
"Relative Costs of Child Placement in Washington
State."
Orphanages
90% of orphans formerly residing at The Home, an orphanage in Barium
Springs,
NC, when asked if they would have preferred to grow up in foster
care,
said "No";
80% of orphans formerly residing at The Home, when asked if they
would
rather have lived with available members of their own family, said
"No";
(Note: ..."Few kids at The Home were full orphans;
most has a surviving parent who couldn't care for them...")
-"In Praise of Orphanages," Joan Beck,
Orange County Register (CA), 5-12-96, p.2
INFERTILITY & DONOR OFFSPRING/PARENTS
For more extensive stats, see Infertility Cures,
a free e-book at http://AmFOR.net/InfertilityCures
For more Donor Offspring/Donor Parent stats,
current newsclips, and free online registry, go to
http://AmFOR.net/DonorOffspring/
50% decrease in sperm counts in the last century is documented.
Blamed is PCB's imitating estrogen in food, air, water.
-ABC-TV News, 7-20-94
65,000 Americans are conceived each year by donor insemination;
35,000 of these births utilize the husband's sperm;
30,000 are the product of a donor's sperm.
4,000 were born of artificially inseminated surrogate mothers.
-The Unofficial U.S. Census, by Tom Heyman,
pub. by Fawcett (1991), ASIN 0449906221
80,000 women had conceived children by artificial insemination
by the early 1990's; for years, some unregulated sperm
banks
have mixed the sperm of two or more donors-- usually
medical
students--to prevent discovery of the biological fathers,
while
others maintain records discoverable only by court
order.
-Donor Offspring, Sarcoxie, MO
$2-billion per year is spent on infertility. Success stories are the
exception with:
87% failure rate.
30% success rate reported on first treatments, counting
any/all pregnancies--even those ending in miscarriages;
15% success rate reported by Yale University Medical Clinic;
13% overall success rate is actual figure per Dr. Olive:
"In most cases in vitro fails." Infertility treatments have
been
marketed to take advantage of childless couples
-Dr. Marcos Wagner, World Health Organization (WHO),
Congressman1989, attempting to regulate the business.
-"NOW" program, ABC-TV, 7-20-94 (1-800-777-TEXT )
Infertile Killers
In Chosen Children, at http://TheChosenChildren.com , infertility is
cited as a motive for murder regarding several known cases of
infertile women who killed pregnant women and stole their unborn
babies from their wombs.
INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION, RACE, HERITAGE
Ethnicity of Adoptees & General Population
1 in 6 adopted children is of a different race from their adopters.
-U.S. Census 2000
The "average" child born in the U.S. in the 1990's-2002 will trace
his or her heritage to Africa, Asia, the Hispanic world, the Pacific
Islands, and Arabia--not White Europe. The population of non-Hispanic
Whites has been decreasing in percentage of
the total U.S. population since 1955 and is expected to be less than
50% by the year 2056.
-"Beyond the Melting Pot," William A. Henry III, TIME magazine,
4-9-90, P. 30; and
“Hispanics On The Rise," TIME, 10-23-89, P. 43
Number of Intercountry Adoptions by Countries (2002 & prior years)
The Fiscal Year 2002 preliminary total of 20,099 adoptions includes
14,666 children who were to be adopted overseas and 5,433 children who
came to the U.S. to be adopted. The top 20 countries this year
accounted for a total of 19,170 adoptions, 95 % of all intercountry
adoptions by U.S. citizens. They are:
China, 5,123
Russian Federation; 4,939;
Guatemala, 2,219;
Republic of Korea, 1,779;
Ukraine, 1,106;
Kazakhstan, 819;
Vietnam, 766;
India, 412;
Colombia, 334;
Bulgaria, 260;
Cambodia, 254;
Philippines, 221;
Haiti, 197;
Belarus, 169;
Romania, 168;
Ethiopia, 110;
Poland, 101;
Thailand, 67;
Peru, 65;
Mexico, 61.
-as reported in National Review Online, by William L. Pierce,
10-24-02
In Y-2000,
200,000 adoptees were foreign-born;
47,555 - from Korea
21,053 - from China
19,631 - from Russia
18,000 - from Mexico
7.793 - from India
- U.S. Census, 2000
In 1998, the primary sending countries for foreign adoptions were
Russia (4,491),
China (4,206),
Korea (1,829),
Guatemala (911);
In 1996, the primary sending countries for foreign adoptions were
China (3,388),
Taiwan (3,333),
Soviet Union (2,797).
In 1986, the majority of foreign children adopted were from Korea
(6,188).
-US Immigration & Naturalization Service, and
US Department of State
NOTE: Immigration & Naturalization does not maintain
statistics on US children who leave the U.S. for adoption by
citizens of other countries.
15-20,000 children, worldwide, are placed with US adopters;
7,093 intercountry adoptions in 1990;
9,008 intercountry adoptions in 1991;
6,536 intercountry adoptions in 1992;
7,348 intercountry adoptions in 1993;
8,195 intercountry adoptions in 1994;
9,679 intercountry adoptions in 1995;
11,316 intercountry adoptions in 1996;
13,620 intercountry adoptions in 1997;
15,774 intercountry adoptions in 1998
-National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, FY-7/96;
stats as presented to NAIC by
"Characteristics of Children in Substitute and Adoptive
Care,"
Voluntary Cooperative Information System,
American Public Welfare Association, Washington, DC
Australia's Adoptions Being Phased Out
10,000 adoptions in Australia were reported in 1971-72
566 adoptions in Australia were reported in 1999-2000
514 adoptions in Australia were reported in 2000-2001
301 intercountry adoptions in Australia were reported in
1999-2000
289 intercountry adoptions in Australia were reported in
2000-2001
4,304 applications for information about past adoptions were filed in
2001,
mostly by adoptees.
-Australian Institute of Health & Welfare
England & Wales
5,459 adoptions were reported in England and Wales in 2002.
-UK website - http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdr/md703.pdf
Canadian Adoptees' Citizenship
200,000 Canadian adoptees became either Canadian or
American citizens upon adoption.
-Mouvement Retrouvailles, Quebec, Canada, 1989
Intercountry Adoptees' Outcomes
The most scientific of studies on Intercountry Adoptees' Outcomes was
conducted in Sweden. In spite of the adult adoptees in the study
having been adopted to couples belonging to the Swedish elite, it was
estimated that:
90 % of the adopters belong to the upper and middle classes. In spite
of this,
6.6 % of the intercountry adoptees had a post-secondary education of
3 years
or more compared to
20% of biological children of the adopters whom they grew up with as
siblings.
60.2 % of the intercountry adoptees were employed compared to
77.1% among ethnic Swedes, and
50% of the former group belong to the lowest income category compared
28.6 % for the latter.
29.2% of the intercountry adoptees were either married or co-
habitants
compared to
56.2 % of the majority population.
-Tranracial Abductees web-site – http://transracialabductees.org
"Intercountry adoptees have less often children, and those who
are parents are more often living without their children if they are
males or as single parents if they are females, thus sadly mimicking
their biological parents' behavior. Males have more
often than females indicators of social maladjustment. Moreover,
epidemiological studies show high levels of psychiatric illness,
addiction, criminality and suicide compared to the control groups.
The odds ratio:
3.2 - psychiatric hospital care
2.6 - in treatment for alcohol abuse
5.2 - drug abuse
2.6 - severe criminality leading to imprisonment stood
3.6 - suicide attempt .
-Tranracial Abductees web-site – http://transracialabductees.org/
Females have more often than males indicators of poor mental
health. The most shocking finding is a record high odds ratio of 5.0
for suicide compared to ethnic Swedes, in an international perspective
only comparable to the staggering suicide rates registered among
indigenous people in North America and Oceania, which makes parallels
to cultural genocide ghastly topical.
Adult adoptees in the above study were checked up in population
registers and compared to equivalent control groups among ethnic
Swedes. The results show that the group has substantial problems to
establish themselves socio-economically in
terms of level of education, labor market achievement and creating a
family.
In this perspective, it becomes more evident than ever that
intercountry adoption is nothing else but an irresponsible social
experiment of gigantic measures, from the
beginning to the end."
MEDICAL ASPECTS
See also ADOPTEE section and INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION section
for Adoptees Outcomes, psychiatric stats.
Medical Injury to Adoptee
4,500 genetically transmissable diseases, and AIDS, cannot be
disclosed, post-adoption, in most states.
Rarely is a family predisposition to alcohol, drug abuse, or
mental disorders disclosed to adopters, pre-adoption, but when anti-
social behaviors are identified in adoptees, family "genes" are
automatically blamed. One (1) state (WI) had mandatory
collection of family medical information, pre-adoption, in 1988.
-American Society of Human Genetics,
"50-State Survey Of Opinions, 1987-88"
20-30% of babies born to AIDS mothers also contract the disease
(first acknowledged to be an epidemic in 1981).
-Gannett News Service, 12-2-92
23%-50% of all adopted children are expected to have
Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).
-"Over-representation of Adoptees in Children with
Attention Deficit Disorder,"
Behavior Genetics, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1982.
Death by Adoption
See also Death By Adoption web page at http://AmFOR.net/chosenchildren/death.html
On August 14, 1998, NBC-TV's Extra aired the plight of adult
adoptee Michelle Robertson regarding her life and death struggle to
get a Monroe County, New York court to open her adoption file in order
to discover her parents' identities. Roberts has Hodgkins Disease and
requires a bone marrow transplant from a biological relative to save
her life.
Seventeen years earlier, Newsweek (October 1981 issue)
featured a similar situation when Kansas City, Missouri Judge Gene
Martin said "No" to James Grant George, an adult adoptee with leukemia
who needed a biological relative for a bone
marrow transplant. The Judge ruled that "although the circumstances
were dire and heartrending, they were not compelling enough to open
adoption records." George's comment to media: "If I were a convicted
murderer, the Governor could give me
a pardon. Obviously, the 'crime of illegitimacy' is not pardonable in
the state of Missouri."
On September 8, 1998, The Shreveport Times, Louisiana,
reported a similar situation with a twist. Shreveport Juvenile Court
Judge Gallagher said "No" to 53 year old adoptee, Leonard Hargrove
Jobron, whose daughter, Lisa, had leukemia.
Jobron's illnesses precluded him from being a bone marrow donor to
save his daughter's life and the Donor Bank had found no match in two
years. Through private assistance, Jobron's relatives have been
identified and the family is locating them while Lisa
remains in remission at this writing.
A decade earlier, Barry and Bernadette Bahner-Jacobson joined
a federal class action by adoption affected persons, Carangelo et al
v. O'Neill/State of Connecticut, challenging constitutionality of
adoption statutes that require falsification and
sealed of birth records. The Bahner-Jacobsons' son and daughter, ages
9 and 10, had an undiagnosable brain disorder and doctors urged the
parents to obtain Barry's family medical history to determine if it
was a genetic illness. Because Barry
was adopted, the adoption agency, as well as a judge, refused to
disclose information that could lead to contact with Barry's
relatives.
Connecticut Probate Judge Glenn E. Knierim denied this writer's
similar request to have updated medical information about inheritable
life-threatening conditions. Neither would Connecticut's politicians
pass a bill which would allow transmittal of medical information from
the child's family to adoptive family via the agency. Carangelo v.
O'Neill /State of Connecticut reached the U.S. Supreme Court where it
was denied certiorari to be hear the sealed records issue, just the
High Court refused to hear class actions by adoptees in the 1970's in
ALMA v. Mellon, and Yesterday's Children.
Does "child's best interests" end when the relinquishment of parental
rights is obtained? Shouldn't these cases be prosecuted as criminal
negligence and abuse on the part of agencies and courts?
PARENTS, SEX, PREGNANCY, BIRTHS, MARRIAGE
36% of clients whose counselors promoted adoption chose it;
2% of all other clients opted for adoption, in a study of 92 agencies
with
132 counselors and 19,000 pregnant adolescents.
-University of Illinois, 1982
The brighter (the teens) saw their future, the more likely they were
to be
sexually responsible.
-"Risking the Future: Adolescent Sexuality, Pregnancy
and Childbearing," National Academy Press, Wash. DC, 1987
15,800,000 families were headed by a single parent in 1988;
15% of all households are headed by single parents (1989);
65% of American households are headed by single mothers (1996).
-U.S. Census Bureau
The U.S. has the highest teen pregnancy rate in the world.
-Alan Guttmacher Institute study
“Teen Pregnancies In Industrialized Countries,"
Yale University Press, 1968, p.202
27% of households in California are married with children;
960,000 children in California live with neither parent
(most live with a relative, typically a grandparent);
287,000 children in California life with other than relatives.
-"Less and Less It's All In The Family,"
Los Angeles Times, 5-13-91
66% of teenage girls, and
86% of teenage boys have had sex by age 20;
1 girl in 10 becomes pregnant under age 20;
30%-40% of teens who become pregnant conceive again within 2 years.
-Study by Elizabeth Armstrong, Center for Population
Options,
as reported in Behavior Today, 9-30-90
97% of all babies born in the U.S. are kept by mothers.
90% of the young mothers releasing children indicate at
sometime they would be interested in being reunited with the
child.
-Saginaw News, July 6, 1992, p.C-8
(quotes by Arthur J. Johnson, welfare worker)
23,000,000 persons live alone or have single parent households.
-National U.S. Census, 1990
1 in 4 Black women and
1 in 7 White women were pregnant before age 19 (in 1995).
-Alan Guttmacher Institute
as reported on the Montel Williams Show, 1996
93% of 2,036 males and females surveyed, ages 14-21, hope to marry;
95% want to have children.
-Seventeen Magazine poll reprinted in Star, 9-28-89.
50% of people under age 40 have lived with an unmarried partner at
some time.
The number of couples choosing cohabitation over
marriage rose 80% between 1980 and 1991.
-Bottom Line, 10-15-95
1 in 3 marriage counselors cheat on their mates.
-Weekly World News, quote by Dr. Frederick Humphrey,
6-11-91, p.44.
12,600,000 American children lived in poverty in the 1980's;
10% (only) were Black, welfare dependent, in fatherless homes.
-Children's Defense Fund
90% of families have both parents working; "latchkey kids"
are predominately White, middle-class).
-"Our Children's Fate Is Our Nation's Future," Los Angeles
Times, 5-17-91
13.5% of Americans were "officially poor."
-U.S. Census Bureau, as reported in Los Angeles Times, 4-92.
50% (or 28,659) of Catholic priests taking a vow of celibacy
have broken their vows and are sexually active;
16,049 are having heterosexual sex;
5,732 homosexual;
3,439 have sex with minors.
-The Unofficial Census, p.104, by Tom Heyman,
pub. by Fawcett (1991), ASIN 0449906221
RAPE & INCEST
100 national surveys of adult adoptees born 1933-1972 revealed the
highest incidence of incest was reported in IL, AZ, CA;
1 out of 10 victims were male;
40% of perpetrators were male adopters;
20% of perpetrators were adoptive male siblings, extended family
members,
or their close friends.
-The Open Records Movement collective surveys
STATS FOR THE FUTURE
"Half of the US Population will have Bogus Ancestry in 4
Generations,"
--according to Atorney Brice M. Clagett,
(in the "The Death of Genealogy," New England Historic
Genealogical
Society-NEHGS Newsletter, Nexus, Vol. 1, VII No, 1, February
1990):
In another four generations or so, about half the ancestry of the
American population will be bogus. Genealogical researchers, as well
as medical and other researchers, need to take action to correct the
Orwellian practice of falsifying and sealing adoptees' birth
certificates. Clagett, a Harvard graduate, believes all people,
whether adopted or not, have a right to be able to trace their
ancestry in public records.
Year 2003
Before the Human Genome Project completed its cataloging of DNA to
correct disorders and cure (immune) diseases and cure congenital
conditions before birth, human cloning is no longer science fiction.
New awareness of child development and new treatment if maladjusted
will include virtual reality simulators for, for instance, anger
control, monitored brain scans, computer software ("lapware") for
under-6-year-olds. There will be more high school graduates and more
choices.
Year 2000-2050
"The grandchild of baby-boomers...
Of 3.9-million Americans born in Year 2000,
70,000 or more are expected to be alive in Year 2100...
225,000,000 population by Year 2000;
323,000,000 population by Year 2020;
394,000,000 population by Year 2050.
The survivors will be subjected to epidemics of tropical diseases; a
doll imitating "mother" (instead of "baby") will be provided
to "latch-key" kids; marriage will be "optional" and the law
flexible.
Year 2025
The average age expectation is 73 for boys, 80 for girls.
3 out of 10 will live in CA/TX/FL;
Los Angeles and Riverside Counties (CA) will be the most populated.
Bigger (2,000 sq ft) homes will be built on smaller lots.
Year 2010-2030
The US population will be 1/4 Black and 1/4 Hispanic. Baby-boomers
will sell off homes and retire, creating good home
buys, job opportunities, suburban wastelands, "haves" and "have nots"
groups widens; more "dropouts." $320,000 is average
cost of Harvard education when they are 18. With better nutrition and
health, they'll be same size or taller.
Average adult heights: 1900 2000 2050
female: 5'2" 5'5"
5'7"
male: 5'7" 5'10"
6'
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For Open Records (AmFOR) - http://www.AmFOR.net/OpenRecord.html
4. INFERTILITY PROBLEMS?
Get all the facts on infertility treatments, stats, costs and natural
cures -
http://AmFOR.net/InfertilityCures
5. NEED AN ATTORNEY?
Attorney Referrals - http://www.AmFOR.net/Attorneys.html
Non-Attorney Representation - http://www.AmFOR.net/nonattorney.html
6. Want info or have a claim about Dental, Medical or Social Worker
Malpractice?
http://www.AmFOR.net/DentalMalpractice
http://www.AmFOR.net/MedicalMalpractice
http://www.AmFOR.net/ChosenChildren/Death (adoptee medical issues)
http://www.AmFOR.net/Malpractice/social.html
7. Seeking information and resources on the Death Penalty, Wrongly
Convicted, Prisoner Resources, Research and Correspondence?
http://www.AmFOR.net/DeathPenalty (including Wrongly Convicted)
http://www.AmFOR.net/WronglyConvicted (Adoptees)
http://www.AdoptedPrisoners.com (Incarcerated Adoptee web pages and
Links to Prisoner Resources, Prisoner Locator, etc)
8. Who is LORI CARANGELO?
Bio and photos - http://www.LoriCarangelo.com/
"Alive in My Heart" (Lori's own Reunion Story) -
http://www.loricarangelo.com/ReunionStory.html
Maternal Instinct (about Lori, by Jess DelBalzo) -
http://www.loricarangelo.com/MaternalInstinct.html
CARANGELO GENEALOGY
http://www.loricarangelo.com/carangelo
DOLCEACQUA GENEALOGY
http://www.loricarangelo.com/dolceacqua