It's an interesting question; haven't read latest polysci reasoning.
Here's some aspects perhaps to consider:
1) Freedom vs. Security
The two most basic pursuits of human can be summed by these. Again,
the old classical depiction of Apollo vs. Bachus [or Dionisus]
represents ORDER versus CHANGE. Humans create intricate systems of
order, bordering on eloquence, but then 'structure' usually becomes so
rigid, people seek room to grow...or the chaos of tearing down old
structures to build anew [the drunken orgy of Bachus representing the
irrational zeal of spring fever etc]...but then, chaos leaving people
in a lurch to find new security, ergo, new structures are raised. It
is this 'back and forth' cyclic nature of human civilization that
often depicts the conservative vs. the Liberal...where the
conservative PROTECTS the things already created, while the liberal
wants to tear things down to creat anew. There is no 'right or wrong'
here by this model, but only the building energies of the mood of the
people that define the moment [either to be a time to construct, tear
down, or leave as is].
2) Freedom vs. Equality
This angle has been bantered around here lately, and seems to be very
descriptive of the present political struggles at hand. It is an
'unequal' world we live in '[by nature], and to FORCE equality means
taking away at least some freedom from the people [and could be a lot
of freedom lost]. Most conseravtive arguments today can be explained
as simply a desire to be as free as possible without government
intervention. Liberals on the other hand, see government as a TOOL to
construct utopian ideas of total equality and a means to solve human
misery in the world.
Anway...freedom vs. equality...seems very descriptive indeed.
3) Establishment vs. Anti-establishment
From a strictly pragmatic point of view, MIGHT MAKES RIGHT [by jungle
law], and the conservative might be seen as simply trying to PROTECT
the establishment; while the LIBERAL is the onslaught challenger
trying to oust and overtake that 'old realm', to create a new
establishment more condusive to it's likes and dislikes. In America,
this is translating to mean Minorities , people of color. and
[curiosly] women...trying to disempower and overtake While maledom's
establishment of western existence.
4)Tradtional vs. Avant Garde
Humans have evolved from a self identity of 'children of God' to that
of 'organic chemical complexes' in a very short time. This has caused
a demarcation of mindset, one based in old world tradtions of beliefs
and moral codes, the other based in a more objective rational
depiction based upon science. The scientific however has it's
problems, as it reduces human significanse to the point that it
nullfies all 'point and counter point' to any criteria of
'betterment' [scientific or otherwise]. It awakens us from our
established 'stories' to find ourselves 'lost'...adrift in space
without purpose or meaning [and alienated from the old world warmth
founded in moral consciousness]. Under this liberalism, we can piss
on Christ and find it 'conscious raising', having lost any sense of
propriety commonnes among ourselves.
5) Communism vs. Nazism
This is a curious idea that depicts LEFT from RIGHT by the most
extremes along a connected political spectrum of thought. Few of us
understand that CONNECTIVITY; and those 'traditional and conservative'
are indeed TIED to the extreme to the RIGHT just as much as the
moderal LEFT is connected to the extremes to the left. Those extremes
seem to revolve around two IDENTITIES of human nature; one that we
exist upon a HEIRARCHY of differences, while the other attempts to see
humanity as a giant COLLECTIVE of sameness [and any heirarchy is seen
as invented and product of social fllaw].
What is curious is that both extremes to the right or left end in
tyranny [facism] or totalitarianism. Are we more condusive to BEEHIVE
existence where INDIVIDUALISM is erased in servitude to the HIVE [to
the state; the Maoist model of total conformity etc] or is
individualism 'real' [not flawed] and heirarchy exists, not only as
individuals, but as groups as well [meaning that a natural heirarchy
exists and real nicheing that leads to things like specialization and
classism].