Circumcision is a symbolical substitute of castration, a punishment which
the primaeval father dealt his sons long ago out of the awfulness of his
power, and whosoever accepted this symbol showed by so doing that he was
ready to submit to his father's will, although it was at the cost of a
painful sacrifice.
Sigmund Freud, "Moses and Monotheism"
Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-analysis, 1939