http://www.presenttruthmag.com/7dayadventist/AwakeningPart2/3.html
Looking at Both Sides of the Paradox
Truth is of such a nature that very often it can only be expressed by
two statements which appear to be antithetical. We call these
statements paradoxes.
Let us take some examples of great truths which are expressed by
paradoxical statements:
1. The Human Nature of Christ: ". . . in all points tempted like as we
are; yet without sin", is a tremendous and mysterious paradox. How
could the One who was sinless in His human nature be tempted in all
points like us? "It is a mystery that is left unexplained . . ." 5
B.C. 1128-9.
Inspiration presents us with two groups of statements on the human
nature of Christ. One group of statements show how Christ's human
nature was just like ours. He was born of a woman, of our flesh and
blood, of the seed of David according to the flesh, was encompassed by
infirmities, was subject to the laws of heredity, and took our human
faculties after they had been weakened by 4,000 years of sin. The
other group of statements warn us against making Christ's human nature
altogether the same as ours—He was conceived of the Holy Spirit, born
without a taint of sin, had no sinful propensities, was without the
passions of our fallen natures, had no sin in Him, knew no sin, and
was separate from sinners.
Now God has given us two eyes to see both sides of the paradox. If we
only see one side or emphasize one side, we shall distort the gospel.
We need to recognize both sides of the truth and allow each side to
have full weight.
2. A Christian's Relation to God: Isaiah commends those who tremble at
God's Word (Isa. 66:5). The Revelator commands us to "fear God" Rev.
14:7. And Paul exhorts us, "work out your own salvation with fear and
trembling" Phil. 2:12.
On the other hand the writer to the Hebrews invites us, "Let us
therefore come boldly unto the throne of grace.. ." "Having therefore,
brethren boldness to enter..." Heb. 4:16; 10:19.
Now are we to live before God with fear or with boldness? If we only
emphasize "fear and trembling", we may rob our souls of the confidence
we may have in the free access into God's grace. If we only consider
those statements which exhort us to have boldness we may fall into the
opposite error of presumption. As Luther says, the Christian must live
in the paradox of "desperate confidence".
3. The Nature of a Christian Man: Is the believer in Jesus a saint or
a sinner, righteous or unrighteous? Luther battled with this question
until he came up with the famous formula which was the foundation of
Protestant doctrine—simul justus et peccator, which means, "at the
same time righteous and sinful".
This is a great paradox, but the more it is examined, the more it
shines with light. A believer in Jesus is righteous because God
declares him justified, cleansed of all sin. Moreover, he is a new
creature, old things are passed away and all things have become new.
Yet he cannot claim to be without sin, must confess the sinfulness of
his nature, continues to fall short even when he does good, has need
of daily repentance, and must confess that he is an unprofitable
servant who defiles his best endeavours and holiest duties with his
corrupt channel of human imperfection (See 1 S.M. 344).
Consider the paradox of both saint and sinner in these statements:
"The closer you come to Jesus (saint), the more faulty you will appear
in your own eyes (sinner)." S.C. 64
"No deep-seated love for Jesus (righteous) can dwell in the heart that
does not realize its own sinfulness (unrighteous)." Ibid.
"Are you in Christ? (saint) Not if you do not acknowledge yourselves
erring, helpless, condemned sinners (sinner)". 5T 48
It is not as necessary to harmonize a paradox as it is to recognize
both statements as equally true. Suppose a sincere soul gathers those
statements together which speak of the righteous standing of the
saints and the victory over sin which they experience in their renewed
lives. Then the recognition of any sin or sinfulness in his life may
convince him that he is not a Christian. He would thus be robbed of
his shield of faith. Or if he is not in this way driven to
discouragement, he will be driven to hypocrisy by refusing to
recognize how much sin is still left in him. But consider the
consequences of the opposite error of those who only emphasize the
sinfulness of believers. If these statements are gathered together and
dwelt upon the impression may easily be given that overcoming sin is
not to be a reality in the life of a Christian.
4. Law and Gospel: Law commands us to run the way of God's
commandments, to labour and to fulfill all of its holy requirements.
But the gospel proclaims, "Stand ye still, and see the salvation of
the Lord", "Be still, and know that I am God." 2 Chron. 20:17; Ps.
46:10.
It is not an easy thing for the human mind to keep law and gospel in
proper tension. If law overshadows the gospel, people fall off the
path on the side of legalism. If gospel is presented to lessen the
tension of the law, people fall off the path on the side of
permissiveness.
The constant danger is that people will become "lazy through the
continual preaching of grace" (Bezzel) or pharisaical through the
urging of law. Luther said that some of his own people reminded him of
trying to get a drunken German peasant onto a horse — as soon as he
was pushed up on one side he would fall off on the other.
Law and gospel must not be "mingled and strewed together" in such a
way that one will lessen the force of the other. Both need to be
proclaimed in full strength. People must be as earnestly exhorted to
labour as to rest, to run as to stand still. The truth can only be
expressed by the two statements which appear to be opposite, "Come
unto Me...I will give you rest...Take My yoke...ye shall find rest."
"Let us labour therefore to enter into that rest." Matt. 11:28,29;
Heb. 4:11
5. Faith and Works: "While good works will not save even one soul, yet
it is impossible for even one soul to be saved without good works." 1
S.M. 377 And because this is a paradox, the servant of the Lord adds,
"It is hard for the mind to comprehend this point." Ibid, 378-379
It was Melancthon who said: "We are justified by faith alone; but the
faith which justifies us is never alone." And Luther declared: "Since
we are preaching faith in Christ, papists come on and slander us by
saying we forbid good works, that we preach too sweetly, that people
become lax and lazy through such preaching. And in a sense this is
true. There are many among us who understand the message of the gospel
in such a way as to imagine that they now need do no good, suffer
nothing, and give nothing... If one preaches the comfort of faith,
people become coarse and wanton; but if one does not preach it, there
is nothing but fear and trembling in the poor consciences." What
Luther Says (Ewald M. Plass) Vol.11, p.742.
6. Justification and Sanctification: We cannot speak without paradoxes
when we deal with the relation between justification and
sanctification. The whole of Church history has been a struggle to
hold them in proper tension.
We are justified solely by a work outside of ourselves, but we are
sanctified by His Spirit within us. The essence of Roman Catholic
legalism is to depend on the work of inward renewal for acceptance
with God. But the essence of Protestant antinomianism is to suppose
that we can be sanctified and fitted for heaven by Christ's work
outside of us.
No amount of sanctification can secure one's admittance to the kingdom
of grace; but a failure to pursue sanctification can result in one
being cast out. Justification is always endangered if sanctification
is not exercised. The blessing of justification cannot be sustained by
good works, but unless the believer is careful to maintain good works,
he will not retain his justification. Obedience cannot secure the
blessing of forgiveness; but by disobedience the blessing can be lost.
But now we must look at the other side of the picture. Sanctification
is endangered if it is not based on justification. There must be a
constant return to justification, to the word of forgiveness if
sanctification is to be preserved from Pharisaism and self-
righteousness. Prayer and service are only good by gracious
acceptance. The truth of justification calls all that we do in
question. True Christian growth can only exist where there is a
growing appreciation of justification. We can never reach a point in
our progress in sanctification where our acceptance with God does not
rest entirely on forgiveness of sins.
The constant need of justification by faith means that sin is
inescapable—for there is no man on earth that does not sin (Eccles.
7:20), and all continue to fall short of God's glory (Rom.3:23). But
sanctification teaches us of our positive duty to avoid sin. On one
hand we are called to repose, on the other to a life of fervent
activity.
Justification gives us perfection and sanctification urges us to press
on toward it. Through justifying faith the heart is cleansed of all
sin; yet are we called to go on purifying our souls by obeying the
truth. And so we could go on to enumerate many aspects of the
paradoxical relation between justification and sanctification. It is
the paradox of present possession and future hope, to be pure and yet
impure; to possess all things yet have nothing (2 Cor. 6:10); to rest
in faith yet labour in love; to be made free by faith yet to be made a
servant of all by love; to be consoled yet to be admonished. And we
think of the paradoxical experience of the great apostle:
"We are troubled on every side, yet not distressed; we are perplexed,
but not in despair; persecuted, but not forsaken; cast down, but not
destroyed; always bearing about in the body the dying of the Lord
Jesus, that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our body.
For we which live are always delivered unto death for Jesus' sake,
that the life also of Jesus might be made manifest in our mortal
flesh." 2 Cor. 4:8-11
Wrongly Relating to the Paradox
There are two things that we must not do with a paradox—yet in our
immaturity we are very inclined to make these two mistakes:
1. Bending one side of the paradox to fit the other: We are inclined
to accept one side of the paradox as the pre-eminent truth.
Consequently, we then proceed to bend the statements on the other side
to fit the opposite side of the paradox. Let us illustrate:
Suppose we take those statements of inspiration which show that Christ
was separate from sinners, and make that our major thesis. The danger
is that we do not let that other group of statements about Christ
sharing our hereditary infirmities have full weight. In fact, we might
try to explain them away by saying that such weaknesses were not an
inherent part of His human nature, but were only imputed to Him just
as the sins of the world were imputed to Him. Or supposing we make the
opposite group of statements our major premise; then when we read "We
should have no misgivings in regard to the perfect sinlessness of the
human nature of Christ" (5 B.C. 1131), we start to do some fancy
theological footwork, and say, "Oh, that is not talking about the
human nature which He took at birth but to the human nature which He
revealed in His life."
Let us take another illustration of trying to bend one side of the
paradox to fit the other. Protestantism is divided between the
Calvinistic and Arminian streams of thought. Actually either side is
the result of an exaggerated emphasis on divine predestination on the
one hand and human responsibility on the other. The Calvinists seize
certain statements about predestination—and let's face it, they are in
the Bible. But instead of looking at the other side of the paradox and
giving it equal weight, the Calvinists proceed to bend the Bible
statements about universal atonement to fit their concept of
predestination. They labour hard and long to explain away those
specific Bible passages which declare that Christ died for all men.
This pinpoints the danger of so-called Systematic Theology—and the
greatest systematic theologians are the Calvinists. It was the German
theologian, H. Bezzel who said, "Extreme views have the advantage of
remarkable consistency." p.64. That statement is worth thinking about.
Instead of accepting one side of the paradox as the essential truth,
and then trying to bend the other side to fit (this is often called
the art of "harmonizing the apparent contradictions of the Bible") we
must allow both sides of the paradox to have full weight and to stand
in their undiluted strength. It is the mark of maturity to accept the
fact that infinite truth is often expressed to the finite mind in two
antithetical statements.
2. Resolving the paradox: Trying to resolve a paradox may be even
worse than bending one side to fit the other. Let us take a familiar
illustration:
The Christian man is simul justus et peccator — at the same time
righteous and sinful. The nearer he comes to Christ, the more sinful
he sees himself to be. Now a "final atonement experience" as we once
conceived of it would certainly resolve the paradox. After that the
saints would supposedly keep drawing nearer to Christ, but they would
no longer be "troubled" by the humbling consciousness of their own
sinfulness. Certain of our ideas on the final atonement were an
attempt to resolve the paradox of the demand for perfection of
Christian character and the need for continual confession of human
sinfulness; of the necessity and obligation of complete victory over
sin on the one hand, and constant repentance on the other hand.
Any resolving of the paradox in this life can only end in a distorted,
or at best, partial view of the truth. "Extreme views have the
advantage of remarkable consistency."
Consider also what this call to holiness and confession of abiding sin
means in our concept of the Church as a whole. Inspiration speaks of a
church without spot or wrinkle in the last days, a church going forth
conquering and to conquer. But this is only one side of the paradox.
Unless we give the other side equal weight, we will end up with an
exaggerated picture of the "loud cry church". We are also told that
evils will exist in the church till the end of time. If one then says,
"How can it be a pure church?", we will reply, "If a Christian still
has sin in him, how can he be said to be cleansed from all
unrighteousness?" (1 John 1:8,9) If the single believer is certainly
the aggregate of believers are simul justus et peccator.
How to Relate to the Paradox
In this life we must live by accepting and living with the paradox of
having and not having, of being righteous and unrighteous, of being
complete and incomplete, of rest and activity, of believing and
working, of confidence and fear, of being able to do all things
through Christ and not being able to do the things that we would, of
avoiding sin and confessing its inevitability, of victory over sin and
mourning that when we would do good evil is present with us, of
advancement and repentance, of freedom and subjection, and so on. It
is the mark of immaturity, we repeat, to emphasize only one side of
the paradox, especially so as to cancel out the truth of the other
side.
Law and gospel, faith and works, justification and sanctification and
all the great paradoxes need to be kept in proper tension. If we
proclaim the glory of His justifying grace and imagine that this alone
will motivate people to earnestly pursue sanctification, it will not
be long before we shall realize that people need to be warned and
sharply admonished in the pathway of obedience. But lest the language
of Christian experience become all too loud and confident, there must
be a return to the critical sternness of justification otherwise
sanctification will turn into romanticism or dangerous "holiness"
pretensions.
Think of flying a plane. There are two antithetical forces — gravity
and speed. One must not cancel out the other, but the secret of flying
is to keep both in proper tension. If the tension of speed against
gravity is not maintained you come crashing down. If gravity ceases
you go off into orbit somewhere.
Now think of gravity as the power of indwelling sin, and speed as the
power of sanctifying grace. Human "wisdom" may lead us to think we
could make better spiritual flight if we could find some way to do
away with the limiting pull of "gravity". But as long as we are in
this world we need this "gravity"—it is part of the curse that God
uses to bless us (Gen. 3:17). How can a curse bless us? Well, that is
another paradox.