underwater snow on Europa

[MrPosti...@kymhorsell.com]

Simple statistical stiudies amazingly come up with the conclusion
the movements of objects in the solar system best explaining
the ups and downs of UFO reports over the past 70 years
are precisely the ~6 moons in the solar system that are suspected
of having a current liquid ocean beneath the surface.
I could tell you which moon is the "best suspect" but then I'd have
get you to look at the lil flashlight.


<https://thedebrief.org/underwater-snow-beneath-europas-ice-sheet-helps-the-future-europa-clipper-mission/>

Underwater Snow Beneath Europa's Ice Sheet Could Aid the Future Europa
Clipper Mission

Kenna Hughes-Castleberry
12 Sept 2022

Europa, the sixth closest of the Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, has
been of special interest to scientists since its discovery for having
what may be the best conditions for life. However, the planet's icy
exterior makes it tricky to determine whether it could be a host to
living organisms.

Now, researchers from the University of Texas at Austin believe they
have revealed what conditions could exist beneath Europa's ice sheet,
with implications that may help NASA to better prepare for its
forthcoming Europa Clipper Mission.

Background: What is Underwater Snow?

Researchers at the University of Texas at Austin believe that under
Europa's thick layer of ice is a layer of what they liken to
underwater snow. This bizarre formation has been known to happen
underneath ice shelves on Earth, and the researchers postulate that
the same is true for Europa. According to lead author and graduate
student Natalie Wolfenbarger, the creation of underwater snow is far
from straightforward.

"The start of the process actually involves melting," said
Wolfenbarger. "Deeper ice melts and forms water that is less dense
than ocean water. Because it is less dense, it wants to `float' upward
along the ice-ocean interface."

"Since the meltwater is moving from a deeper depth (higher pressure)
to a shallower depth (lower pressure), the water becomes supercooled,"
which Wolfenbarger says essentially means "that even though the
temperature and pressure are such that the meltwater should freeze, it
remains a liquid."

"If conditions are right," Wolfenbarger adds, "ice crystals start to
form in the supercooled water, which eventually float and collect
under the ice shell."

This creates the layer of underwater snow, which is much purer than
other ice layers, allowing a more pristine specimen to be retrieved
for future analysis. The purity of the underwater snow also suggests
that Europa's sea could be less salty than previously thought, which
may be an indicator of better possibilities that life could be found there.

...

--
"Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood.
Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less."
- Marie Curie

US Navy Admits It Has More UFO Videos, But Don't Expect to See Them Anytime Soon
ScienceAlert, 11 Sep 2022 03:11Z
The US Navy holds unseen videos of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) - or
unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), as the ...

Classified UFO videos would 'harm national security' if released, Navy says
Live Science, 10 Sep 2022 10:59Z
The US Navy holds unseen videos of unidentified flying objects (UFOs) - or
unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP), as the ...

Navy tells watchdog site releasing all UFO videos would
'harm national security'
Washington Examiner on MSN.com, 09 Sep 2022 19:26Z
A watchdog website says its Freedom of Information Act request for
every UFO video held by the Navy was denied due to national security
reasons.
The Black Vault says that, since April 2020, it has been attempting to
get all videos of UFOs (also called unidentified aerial phenomena)
possessed by the Navy via a FOIA request.
After receiving several rejections in which the Navy would neither
confirm nor deny the existence of the videos, the group says it
received a response denying the request for the "sensitive
information."
"The requested videos contain sensitive information pertaining to
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP) and are classified and are exempt
from disclosure," the letter read. "The release of this information
will harm national security."
[Every frame apparently contains things too scary to show the public].

Unidentified aerial phenomena I. Observations of events
B.E. Zhilyaev, V. N. Petukhov, V. M. Reshetnyk
Main Astronomical Observatory, NAS of Ukraine,
Zabalotnoho 27, 03680, Kyiv, Ukraine
... We present a broad range of UAPs. We see them everywhere. We observe a
significant number of objects whose nature is not clear. Flights of single,
group and squadrons of the ships were detected, moving at speeds from 3 to
15 degrees per second. Some bright objects exhibit regular brightness
variability in the range of 10 - 20 Hz. Two-site observations of UAPs at a
base of 120 km with 2 synchronised cameras allowed the detection of
a variable object, at an altitude of 1170 km. It flashes for one hundredth
of a second at an average of 20 Hz.
[Astronomers in Ukraine have undertaken their own independent survey
of objects they see flying over the Kyiv region at speeds around 15 km/sec.
They are watching the daytime sky.
They see many objects --, some bright and some dark, different sizes.
They travel often singly but sometimes in large groups.
They are not likely to be anything sent by Russia, the US, or any other country].

The true story of how UFOs evolved from science fiction to a national
security priority
grid, 07 Sep 2022 18:32Z
It's never aliens. Nonetheless, Congress, NASA and the Defense
Dept have embraced a new era of UFO investigations.
[The directives makes it clear. If it's made on Earth some other
department handles it. If it's non-humans then the Pentagon's new UFO
office are in charge].

[It Must Be The Russians!]
Watch as US Navy's most advanced warship is buzzed by mysterious `UFO'
drone swarm amid cluster of close encounters
The Sun, 02 Sep 2022 11:51Z
NEW video shows a mysterious "drone swarm" buzzing the US Navy's most
advanced warship off the coast of California. Six ...