Although Anthony Summers and I disagree about many things related to the
JFK assassination and its investigations, I have frequently recommended
his books as some of the most responsible work done into the area of
conspiracy. A new email of his (sent to a group of which I am a member)
reaffirms my confidence in him. He has given me permission to post it
online:
<QUOTE ON>----------------------------
ALL
I would like to draw the group's attention to items and episodes you will
NOT now find in the much updated text of my book Not in Your Lifetime.
Omission in this context is ina real sense, commission - and I think
though our attention may be largely on the Shenon book at the moment,
group members may find this note interesting.
And some group members will no doubt disagree!
*Dropped from the updated Not in Your Lifetime is the alleged episode in
Clinton, Louisiana, in which Oswald was apparently sighted in Clinton with
Guy Banister and David Ferrie. I long ago went to Clinton myself for the
BBC - and interviewed several of the relevant witnesses. They seemed
fairly credible at the time.
As the entire thing has been demolished in a book by a researcher I
respect, Pat Lambert, I have removed the passage from the text and
consigned it to a much briefer note. (See p. 553, n.11)
* All references to the work of Cyril Wecht have been dropped. I spoke
at a conference he held, and was amazed to hear him ranting from the stage
on the subject. Having taken advice from others I do respect on the
forensic area of the case, I felt only what seemed firmer should remain.
* The Tippit chapter is altered - in particular with reference to the
pistol bullet evidence. See p. 106 of the new edition - re. "ballistics
testimony dispels much of the doubt about Oswald's guilt in the Tippit
murder." (I raise my hat to Dale Myers' book on the Tippit case. (p. 499
new edition, Note 2)
* Virtually all the stuff in the old Chapter 20 (Double Image in
Dallas) has gone. This was, in the old edition, about supposed sightings
of an Oswald that may not have been the real Oswald. Now, I do not even
now entirely reject the notion that Oswald was impersonated on occasion
before the assassination. (What went on in Mexico City remains
unresolved.) Too many of the sighting, however, did not belong in the
text. You will now find them summarized in the Notes. (Note 9, at p. 578
of the new edition.)
* The celebrated use of the name Oswald in New Orleans, buying jeeps
as early as 1961, was writ large in the earlier editions.It now seems less
reliable. I thought it must be mentioned, however, because there's a
supporting contemporary document that fitsm in the case in an interesting
way. The Deslatte episode now appears only in the Notes (p. 580, n 10)
* The emphasis on Ferrie has changed, retaining Ferrie's early
association with Oswald in the Civil Air Patrol but reducing the
suggestion of his involvement at the time of the assassination. This
because of the excellent, focused research on Ferrie by David Blackburst -
who has worked just that seam over recent years, demolishing much of the
shaky stuff propagated since the Garrison circus.
* Finally, at least in this letter, the dark suggestion that
Braden/Brading was guiltily involved in Dallas on the day has gone. I had
previously relied to a degree on the reporting of a fellow reporter named
Pete Noyes. On closer examination, I felt that - though Braden/Brading
(not a nice person) was in Dallas that day - the dark implications that
have been drawn were shaky. You won't find him in the index now.
Tony Summers
<QUOTE OFF>---------------------------
From a follow-up email:
<QUOTE ON>----------------------------
David,
Thank you for your note.
You may, of course, distribute this list of people or episodes whom
I've decided to drop out of the frame - to as many of the JFK-related
forums as you like.
I should have added to the list of those dropped:
* Rose Cheramie. Though I made it a point, years ago, to interview
Francis Fruge, the policeman who handled the matter - and found him
believable - I was persuaded by forum traffic about Cheramie in the end,
and with so much else to include in Not in Your Lifetime, that the episode
just is not solid enough.
As the author, one is sometimes in a quandary when dropping items.
Even in the book's previous edition, I dropped the matter of Oswald's
reported outgoing call, while under arrest, to a man named "Hurt" in
Raleigh, North Carolina. (One of the two people of that name in the area
was a military intelligence veteran.) The HSCA tried years later to follow
up, without success - as did I - and Robert Blakey has called the matter
"deeply disturbing." As this was said to have been an outgoing call, it
remains interesting. On reflection, I am probably right to have dropped
mention of this in the text. On the other hand, I should probably have
sustained a reference in the notes.
Some of these issues are Solomon-type decisions, and I'm sure I
sometimes get them wrong.
Tony
<QUOTE OFF>---------------------------
I responded to Mr. Summers that I agreed with his decisions about Fruge
and the Hurt call, for these reasons:
Fruge's 1967 NODA memos sharply contradict his later claims. It's clear
that Cherami said some provocative things while hospitalized, but there
isn't a single first-hand witness to her saying anything BEFORE the
assassination. Fruge later said she did, but in 1967 he said she didn't.
In the 1980s, Dr. Weiss started saying she did, but in 1978 he said he
heard it from Dr. Bowers. Donn Bowers says he never spoke to Rose Cherami
at all, and heard about her from Weiss. Other statements commonly cited by
Jim DiEugenio, Joan Mellen, et al, are also hearsay, mostly originating in
1967 reports from Fruge. Radio broadcaster Jim Olivier said he interviewed
a police officer, Donald White, who supported Fruge's latter day claims,
but Olivier (now deceased) never produced the tape of this interview, and
-- based on details given by Olivier -- White's story may be based on
Fruge's latter-day claims rather than the personal experience White
allegedly described. If anyone has further information on White, perhaps
we could better assess his credibility. See:
http://www.jfk-online.com/jfk100cher.html
Pay particular attention to the endnotes. Source documents are collected
here:
http://www.jfk-online.com/cherfile.html
I'm satisfied with Henry Hurt's [no relation] explanation of the Hurt call
[and corroborated by David Lifton -- see the end of this post], and
skeptical of the 15-year-old eyewitness testimony that led Professor
Blakey to deem the call an outgoing one. It's a shame the incident wasn't
more fully investigated when memories were fresher.
Incidentally, several members of the email list -- which I would
characterize as being roughly split between LNs and CTs -- chimed in their
approval of Summers' announcement, including Peter Dale Scott, who
congratulated Summers and indicated that he agreed with every single one
of Summers' decisions.
To help explain why Summers made some of the decisions he did, I would
suggest these resources:
My article on the Clinton-Jackson witnesses cites Patricia Lambert's
findings as well as research of my own, and presents previously
unpublished, complete NODA interviews with key Clinton witnesses:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/clinton1.htm
Dale Myers' book on the Tippit case is now back in print:
http://www.jdtippit.com/
This is my 1999 review of Myers' book:
http://www.jfk-online.com/myers.html
I was very much a conspiracy theorist at the time I wrote it, as noted in
the review. Myers convinced me that Oswald killed Tippit, which I'd never
accepted before.
My website has articles and numerous primary source documents
demonstrating why Summers is correct to minimize allegations against the
late David Ferrie. This is a good place to start:
http://www.jfk-online.com/ferriepre.html
Click on the links to access some of the sources I cite.
Another article of mine discusses a particular allegation that's commonly
made about Ferrie, as well as allegations that Jim Braden can be linked to
the assassination:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/factoid.htm
As a former believer in John Armstrong's "Harvey and Lee" theory, I can
hardly condemn anyone for placing credence in reports of an Oswald
impersonator, but I've become rather skeptical about them. I think what we
know about the nature of memory and eyewitness testimony is explanation
enough for why people sometimes mistake public figures for people they
have encountered in the past.
This collection of newsgroup articles from myself and others examines some
of the reports of Oswald at the Sports Drome Rifle Range in Dallas. A
claim in Gus Russo's LIVE BY THE SWORD gave me reason to take another look
at these oft-dismissed sightings, but as described at my website, the
claim did not hold up to close scrutiny:
http://www.jfk-online.com/oswaldrifle.html
John McAdams' site has some good resources on the subject of Oswald
sightings, including a contribution or two from me:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/2oswalds.htm
See also:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/memory.htm
I highly recommend Elizabeth Loftus' textbook, EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY, and
her book for a general audience, WITNESS FOR THE DEFENSE, to explain how
eyewitnesses -- sometimes even a whole group of eyewitnesses -- can stand
up in court, dramatically point at a defendant, and honestly, confidently
announce, "THAT's the man I saw!" -- and be 100% wrong.
Cyril Wecht deserves a mention, as he is the one and only qualified
forensic expert to examine the original autopsy materials and proclaim
them to be insufficient to support the autopsy pathologists' original
conclusion that John F. Kennedy was struck by two -- and only two --
bullets, both fired from above and behind him.
Wecht AGREED with the other experts consulted by the Rockefeller
Commission and the HSCA, that the autopsy materials showed no evidence
whatsoever of any other shots, but insisted that he could not, in good
conscience, agree that these materials proved that JFK was shot only from
the rear -- even while conceding that the evidence for a second head shot
(which he believed in prior to his examination of the autopsy materials
and continues to argue for to this very day) to be "Very meager, and the
possibility based upon the existing evidence is extremely remote."
While Wecht's qualifications are beyond question, his behavior over the
years has raised concerns about his objectivity, and I'm glad to see that
Summers shares those concerns. See for example:
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/medical.htm
http://mcadams.posc.mu.edu/wecht.htm
The Raleigh/Hurt call:
From Henry Hurt's REASONABLE DOUBT (New York: Holt and Co., 1985), pp.
244-45:
<QUOTE ON>------------------------------------
A peculiar incident possibly linking Oswald to the military intelligence
was the mysterious telephone call involving Oswald in the Dallas County
Jail following his arrest. The first account that emerged from intensely
conflicting evidence was that Oswald tried to make an outgoing telephone
call to one John Hurt in the 919 area code, which is eastern North
Carolina. For years a debate continued about whether the call was really
outgoing to North Carolina or incoming to the jail, since the best
evidence was on a slip of paper written by a jail telephone operator and,
according to one version, thrown into a trash can and later retrieved by a
souvenir hunter. The evidence was tainted, to say the least, and the
contradictory testimony of the telephone operators only added to the
confusion. The speculation was that Oswald, if an agent, might have been
trying to contact his control.
When researchers finally found a John Hurt in Raleigh, North Carolina, he
proclaimed complete ignorance about the matter. He said he had never known
or heard of Oswald before the assassination and that he made no telephone
call to Oswald and, of course, had no knowledge of Oswald's trying to
telephone him.
This claim was quickly tarnished, however, when researchers discovered
that Hurt had a background in military intelligence as well as a law
degree. Hurt insisted to researchers that he had no idea why Oswald might
want to call him. That only fanned speculation that Hurt -- who perhaps
had some covert operations connection with Oswald -- was keeping the
cover. The mystery remained, even though arguments that the call was
incoming were as strong as the arguments that Oswald made the call.
John Hurt died in 1981. A few months later, his wife told the author that
Hurt had admitted the truth before he died. Terribly upset on the day of
the assassination, he got extremely drunk -- a habitual problem with him
-- and telephoned the Dallas jail and asked to speak to Oswald. When
denied access, he left his name and number. Mrs. Hurt said her husband
told her he never had any earlier contact with Oswald and had been too
embarrassed to admit that he got drunk and placed the call. In view of the
fact that Hurt's military-intelligence background appears innocent of any
deep operational connections, the account by John Hurt's wife makes as
much sense as anything else.
<QUOTE OFF>------------------------------------
David Lifton posted the following on an Internet forum in 2010:
http://educationforum.ipbhost.com/index.php?showtopic=3041&st=15
<QUOTE ON>------------------------------------
For what its worth. . . : I called Hurt back around 1970, and spoke with
him for between 30 minutes and an hour. I believe he told me the same "I
was drunk" story--and, again "FWIW", he sounded credible (i.e., that he
was indeed drunk). I have a BASF tape of the entire conversation.
Somewhere in my collection. With regard to anything I write here, I would
defer to the tape as the better evidence. What I do remember is coming
away from the call believing I had done what I could do, pursuing this
lead, and there wasn't much to it.
<QUOTE OFF>------------------------------------
Dave