Japan Whaling Science Like WWII Unit 731 Science
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
http://www.skycitygallery.com/japan/japan.html#unit731
Unit 731, 100 - Inhuman WMD Biological Warfare
This WMD Biological Warfare is definitely the worst crime case of
systematic biological massacre against Humanity committed by a country
in
our Human History.
"The fellow knew that it was over for him, and so he didn't struggle."
recalled the old former medical assistant of a Japanese Army unit in
China
in World War II, "But when I picked up the scalpel that's when he began
screaming. I cut him open from the chest to the stomach, and he
screamed
terribly, and his face was all twisted in agony. He made this
unimaginable
sound, he was screaming so horribly. But then finally he stopped." The
former medical assistant who insisted on anonymity, explained the
reason
for the vivisection. The Chinese prisoner had been deliberately
infected
with the plague as part of a research project.
Imperial Japan's biological killing fields are a lost chapter of
history
that the full horror of which is only recently been exposed and
understood
in all its enormity.
Japan set up Headquarters of Unit 731 in Ping Fan near Harbin and Unit
100
in ChangChun, and Mukden, now called SunYang, in China to develop
plague
bombs for use in WWII. The base was disguised as Epidemic Prevention
and
Water Supply Unit. The complex in Ping Fan was completed in 1939,
contained more than 150 buildings, including 2 secret prisons and 3
crematoria, and was the largest WMD Biological Weapon research center
in
the world.
After infecting him, the researchers decided to cut him open alive,
tear
him apart, organ by organ, to see what the disease does to a man's
inside.
Often no anesthetic was used, he said, out of concern that it might
have
an effect on the results.
>From July 1993 to Dec. 1994, the "Unit 731 Exhibition" toured Japan and
presented at 61 locations over the course of one and half year. It had
sent shockwaves throughout Japan. Hal Gold had collected many
testimonies
in his book "Unit 731: Testimony; Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation
and the Post-War Cover-Up". One of the testimonies was provided by an
aged
former Japanese doctor Kurumizawa Masakuni :
The Chinese woman victim had regained her consciousness while being
vivisected alive. " She opened her eyes. "
" And then ? "
" She hollered. "
" What did she say ? "
Kurumizawa could not answer, then began weeping feebly and murmured,
" I don't want to think about it again. "
The interviewee apologized, waited a few seconds, and tried again for
an
answer. He gave it through sobs.
" She said, "It's all right to kill me, but please spare my child's
life."
Japanese Dr. Kanisawa testified in NBC Dateline "Factory of Death: Unit
731" on Aug. 15, 1995, the live un-anesthetized dissection was a
routine
common practice in all units.
"The 1st time, I was very hesitant to do what I was told to do.
The 2nd time, you get used to it.
The 3rd time, you more or less volunteered."
Yoshio Shinozuka, a former member of Unit 731 said "The first time, my
legs were shaking so badly I could hardly stand up". He knew the person
on
the operating table, " At the vivisection, I could not meet his eyes
because of the hate he had in his glare at me."
"We called the victims 'logs," he said, "We didn't want to think of
them
as people. We didn't want to admit that we were taking lives. So we
convinced ourselves that what we were doing was like cutting down a
tree.
When you see someone in that state, you just can't move. Your mind goes
blank. The fear is overwhelming." said Yoshio.
The research program was one of the great secrets of Japan during and
after World War II : a vast project to develop weapons of WMD
Biological
Warfare including following deadly diseases : Bubonic Plague Anthrax
(including inhalation, skin and gastrointestinal types)
Smallpox Typhoid
Paratyphoid A and B Tularemia
Cholera Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever
Syphilis Aerosols
Botulism Brucellosis
Dysentery Tetanus
Glanders Tuberculosis
Yellow fever Typhus
Tularemia Gas Gangrene
Scarlet Sever Songo
Diphtheria Brysipelas
Selmonella Venereal Diseases
Infectious Jaundice Undulant Fever
Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis Tick Encephalitis
Plant diseases for crop destruction Dozen other pathogens
Unit 731 & Unit 100 were comprised of over 3,000 researchers and
technicians. It was a gigantic research center focused on WMD
Biological
Weapons - the world's most technically advanced at the time, used human
as
the guinea pigs, known as marutas (logs). The Japanese told the locals
that the facilities were lumber mills.
The Ping Fan facility alone could monthly "manufacture as much as 300
kg
of plague bacteria... 500-600 kg of anthrax germs, 800-900 kg typhoid,
paratyphoid, or dysentery germs, or as much as 1000 kg of cholera
germs."
If several different diseases were manufactured simultaneously, then
the
total production of pathogens could be many times higher.
A former member of Unit 731 testified that "to eliminate any chance of
leaking out the secret of construction of the 'Square Buildings' by the
laborers, they are all sent to special prison and used as the first
batch
of test objects."
More than 10,000 Chinese, Korean and Russian PoWs were slaughtered in
these biological experiments.
The vivisection was routinely used for practicing various kinds of
surgery
says Dr. Ken Yuasa, a former Japanese doctor working in China during
the
War. First an appendectomy, then an amputation of an arm and finally a
tracheotomy. When they finished practicing, they killed the victim with
an
injection. "I was evil. I was a devil," Dr. Ken Yuasa says sadly. "We
all
were." Morimura Seiichi describes in explicit details of vivisection in
his book "The Devouring Monster".
Medical researchers also locked up diseased prisoners with healthy
ones,
to see how readily various diseases would spread.
To determine how much pressure the body can withstand, some were put
inside a pressure chamber would suffer terrible agony before their eyes
pop out from their sockets and blood forced out through their skin.
Marutas were denied food or water to determine the maximum length of
survival, or mummified alive in total dehydration experiments. Some
were
put into hot water and gradually increase the temperature to study
degree
of burns and the relationship between temperature and survival.
To determine the treatment of frostbite, prisoners were taken outside
in
freezing weather and left with exposed arms, periodically drenched with
water until frozen solid. The arm was later amputated, the doctors
would
repeat the process on the victim's upper arm to the shoulder. After
both
arms were gone, the doctors moved on to the legs until only a head and
torso remained. The victim was then used for plague and pathogens
experiments.
Victims were burned with flamethrowers, blown up with shrapnel,
bombarded
with lethal doses of X-ray, spun to death in centriguges, injected with
animal blood, air bubbles, exposure to syphilis, surgical removal of
stomachs with the esophagus then attached to the intestines, amputation
of
arms and reattachment on the opposite side, gassed to death in chambers
.......
The doctors experimented on children and babies, even three-day-old
baby
measuring the temperature with a needle stuck inside the infant's
middle
finger to keep it straight to prevent the baby's hand clenching into a
fist.
Victims were often taken to a proving ground called Anda, where they
were
tied to stakes and bombarded with test weapons to see how effective the
new technologies were. Planes sprayed the zone with a plague culture or
dropped bombs with plague-infected fleas to see how many people would
die.
White-coated Japanese medics claiming to be from a government
epidemic-prevention unit would arrive saying that they were there to
implement hygiene measures or to administer vaccinations. After they
left,
the villages would become sick.
The Japanese army regularly conducted "Field Tests". Planes dropped
plague-infected fleas over Ningbo in eastern China and over Changde in
north-central China.
Japanese troops dropped cholera and typhoid cultures in water
reservoirs,
wells and ponds.
Cottony material and feathers coated with anthrax bacteria were used to
spread the disease in an airborne manner, as such fibers had been found
to
be effective in keeping the bacteria alive long enough to reach the
intended human victims.
Witnesses recall watching Japanese airplanes dropping a mixture of
wheat,
millet, soy beans, rice, cotton fibers, paper and fabric cuttings,
aerial
spraying pathogens over the cities . They all had been coated with the
biological organism or with fleas and brought the germs to people.
Japanese distributed infected food, cakes, drink, clothes and
children's
candies to the locals.
The same mass infections were being repeated all over China, except in
Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang.
"Glanders was a disease first found in horses, and it could attack
human
beings," said Furmanski. Human beings' legs are most affected by the
disease. "Only one out of 20 people with the disease could survive.
Medical records showed that glanders had virtually been wiped out in
1906,
but new cases suddently broke out in the 1940s during WWII in China."
Just few months after the Pearl Harbor on Apr 18, 1942, U.S. shocked
Japan
with its daring Tokyo Raid or the Doolittle Raid. Led by Jimmy
Doolittle,
16 B-25 bombers broke through Japanese defenses and dropped bombs in
Tokyo, Yokohama, Osaka-Kobe, and Nagoya. It was a one-way mission. The
planes continued west to the airfield at Chuchow, China. Short of the
fuel, most of planes crashed or were ditched over China. Local Chinese
hid
U.S. survivors and escorted them to safety.
The dramatic Tokyo Raid stunned Japan with the -- True meaning of War.
Enraged Japanese army launched Operation Sei-Go to secure airfields and
punish Chinese villager for helping US airmen.
Japanese planes had more than 600 air raids on towns and villages of
East
China. Japanese burnt to the ground those villages through which the
airmen had passed.
"They killed my 3 sons," related one aged Chinese man. "They killed my
wife. They drowned my grandchildren in the well."
Catching a villager who had sheltered an American pilot, Japanese
soldiers
wrapped him in a kerosene-soaked blanket, then forced his wife to set
it
afire.
It was estimated about 250,000 Chinese civilians were murdered in the
revenge.
Japanese showered 7 WMD Biological pathogens on Zhejiang province to
retaliate the Doolittle Tokyo Raid.
Even today, one hard-hit village in Zhejiang still bears the nickname
"Rotten-Leg Village" because so many older residents are scarred by
glanders from the 1942 attacks. Their flesh are still rotten and have
not
been healed since they were attacked - they have been suffering for
more
than 60 years now.
Sheldon H. Harris, a historian at California State University and
author
of the book, "Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare 1932-45
and
the American Cover-up" stressed that "My calculation, which is very
conservative, and based on incomplete sources as the major archives are
still closed, is that 10,000 to 12,000 human beings were exterminated
in
lab experiments".
Outside the 731 prisons, the "Field Tests" were carried out all over
China
except in Tibet, Qinghai and Xinjiang.
Scholars believe that the toll from Japanese-seeded cholera epidemics
in
the southern province of Yunnan alone may reach the staggering figure
of
200,000 killed in May 1942.
3 months later, another 200,000 die in Shandong province as a result of
Unit 731's germ warfare.
In the Zhejiang province city of Quzhou alone, over 50,000 perished
from
bubonic plague and cholera .....
As the war was ending, Japanese purposely released all the
plague-infected
animals. The Northeastern China immediately became a disastrous area
and
caused outbreaks of plague that killed at least another 30,000 people
from
1946 - 1948.
It is also called by some as the Asian Auschwitz of Unit 731.
In 1987, based on first-hand reports of the atrocities, filmmaker T.F.
Mou
(sometimes referred to as T.F. Mous) is probably best known as the
director of the Man Behind the Sun (or Black Sun 731). He followed up
later with another travelogue of Japanese war atrocities: Black Sun:
The
Nanking Massacre.
"There could be over 700,000 or even 1,000,000" lives lost to Japan's
biowarfare program" said Daniel Barenblatt, author of new book A Plague
Upon Humanity: The Secret Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare
Operation.
These crimes are more than parallel to the coeval work of Joseph
Mengele
and the Nazi doctors.
Japanese military scientists killed 12 times the number of civilians as
did the Nazi's Angel of Death - Dr. Josef Mengele.
Nazi doctors were held accountable for their crimes in the famous 1947
"Nuremberg Doctors Trials", but there were NO comparable "Japanese
Doctors
Trials".
The research was kept secret after the war in part because the U.S.
granted immunity from war crimes prosecution to the Japanese doctors in
exchange for their data and helped covering up the human experiment -
An
act utterly ignoring international laws and against Humanity.
On May 6 1947, in a radio message to Washington, MacArthur urged the
combined US military and State Department group which supervised
occupation policy in Japan to give "In Writing" immunity to Ishii and
all
others involved in the Japanese Germ Warfare and Human experiments.
On Dec 27 1949, MacArthur's Headquarters announced to the world "that
the
Japanese had done some experimentation with animals, but that there was
no
evidence they ever had used human beings."
NGO The Sunshine Project has discovered that even today US is still
actively developing Biological and Chemical Weapon. On 24 Sept. 2002
Sunshine Project provided evidence for US Military Secret Chemical
Weapons
Program violating international law.
U.S. itself in 1943 also set up a major Biological Warfare program with
3,500 people at Camp Detrick, now Fort Detrick, in Frederic, MD.
Instead
of putting the ringleaders on trial, U.S. gave them stipends to gain
some
advantages in the WMD Biological Weapon.
On Aug. 13, 1985, British Independent Televison broadcast a documentary
"Unit 731 - Did the Emperor Know ? ". It was producted by Peter
Williams
and David Wallace after years research, hinted broadly that Emperor
Hirohito was aware of the human experiments. There was also an
interview
with retired Lt. Col. Murray Sanders, the first US investigator into
Unit
731. Sanders claimed that Gen. Douglas MacArthur authorized him to make
a
deal with the Japanese if they cooperated with US Biological Warfare
scientists.
The producers even sent a copy of the documentary film to the Japanese
officials in London.
Murray Sanders was also interviewed by NBC Dateline "Factory of Death:
Unit 731" on Aug. 15, 1995 said "It was a mistake for the criminal
Japanese to have been pardoned."
William and Wallace also published the book " Unit 731: The Japanese
Army's Secret of Secrets". For some reason, a chapter was omitted from
the
American edition. The chapter was titled " Korea War". They examined
evidences from the International Scientific Commission for the Facts
Concerning Bacterial Warfare in Korea and supported the theory of
US-Japanese culpability of using Unit 731's germ techniques in Korean
War.
The same conclusion was also reached by Professor Stephen Endicott and
Edward Hagerman, author of 1998 book "The United States and Biological
Warfare: Secrets from the early cold war and Korea", that "United
States
had an operational biological weapons system, and that it was employed
in
the Korea War."
Takai Matsumura, Japanese historian and economist at Tokyo's Keio
University, said Japanese WMD Biological Warfare experiments were
conducted in at least 10 other cities in China, including Hailar,
Harbin,
ChangChun, SunYang, Beijing, Nanjing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, as well
as
Singapore, Burma, Rangoon, Bangkok, possibly in Manila, East Indies.
Bio-Warfare
Killing Place Japanese WMD
Bio-Warfare Unit
Beijing Unit 1855
Nanjing Tama Unit 1644
Harbin Unit 731
ChangChun Unit 100
SunYang (Mukden) Unit 100
Hailar Unit 2646 (Unit 80)
Shanghai Unit ?
Guangzhou (Canton) Nami Unit 8604
Singapore Oka Unit 9420
Burma Unit ?
Rangoon Unit ?
Bangkok Unit ?
Manila Unit ?
East Indies Unit ?
There were minimum 26 known Japan's killing laboratories in China.
U.S. thundering silent on this issue has allowed the Japanese
Government
to maintain that there is not enough evidence to prove that the Chinese
are telling the truth. When Japanese journalists and academics have
stumbled over crucial validating evidence in government archives, the
material has been confiscated and re-classified.
However, 2 declassified U.S. government documents, found in Aug. 2005
in
the U.S. National Archives by professor Keiichi Tsuneishi at Kanagawa
University and an expert on WMD Biological and Chemical Weapons, have
clearly confirmed that the U.S. provided money, food, gifts,
entertainment
and other kinds of rewards to the former Unit 731 members, even 2 years
after the end of WWII to obtain data on human experiments conducted in
China, according to the report.
When neither Japan nor U.S. are prepared to admit to either the crimes
or
cover-up, a small group of conscientious Japanese human rights
activists,
doctors, lawyers and former soldiers formed an un-precedented alliance
with the Chinese.
Senior Japanese lawyers are acting for the Chinese, among them Tsuchiya
Koken, the former president of the Japanese Lawyers Association. Few
old
Japanese soldiers who worked on the biological warfare programme have
also
come forward to give evidence. Their stance exposes themselves to abuse
at
home and accusations from ultra-nationalists that they are traitors.
"The brutality my parents generation committed in the name of war has
to
be resolved and addressed by my generation" said Keichiro Ichinose, one
of
the Japanese lawyers.
In 1995, they formed the national Lawyers Group for Chinese War
Victims'
Compensation Claims.
In 1997, 108 survivors and family members, including Wu Shi-Gen, filed
a
lawsuit against the Japanese Government demanding apology and 10
million
yen compensation per victim of biological weapons and acts of
brutality.
The thousands of victims included 2,100 civilians, whose personal
details
have been verified in China.
In October 1940, Japanese warplanes that had passed over Wu Shi-Gen's
village in Quzhou, southern China, but the bombs dropped did not
explode.
>From them poured a mixture of rice and wheat covered with fleas. Few
days
later, many villagers were struck down by sickness. His 9 year old
brother
had bubonic plague.
It is an agonising disease glands swell to the size of grapefruit,
limbs
fill with fluid and whole areas of flesh turn deep purple. Eventually,
his
brother died screaming. The plague also killed his 2-year-old sister.
His
father was also bayoneted to death by a Japanese soldier.
Wang Xuan, whose uncle was killed by the plague, after 8 years
relentless
fight with the Japanese Government has finally succeeded in making her
voice heard around the world. Without any government support, she had
to
pay out of her own pocket for the investigation. Her endeavours have
drawn
attention from media and experts both at home and abroad.
Her devotion to Exposing Japan's Germ Warfare, is described by some as
the
Portrait of a Heroine: Shouting the pain from Japan's Germ Attacks, "If
we
wait for governments to settle this matter, we will die and the Truth
will
never come out." She was interviewed by PBS and BBC for their
documentary
films, including: " Unit 731: Nightmare in Manchuria " , " Rotten Foot
Village " and the most recent " Avoiding Armageddon".
She used to live in rural village called Yiwu on China's east coast.
She
shows visitors the Tragedy Pavilion which lists 1,500 plague victims,
and
describes how Unit 731 dropped plague-infected fleas from aircraft and
killed 20 villagers a day at one point in 1942. She then leads visitors
through the gray-brick Buddhist temple where the Japanese performed
autopsies to gauge the impact of their biological tests.
Wang Xuan wants Japan to apologise and make a compensatory payment to
the
victims. " Sorry is Not Enough", she says.
In city Quzhou, Dr. Qiu Ming Xuan of city's disease prevention centre
has
been researching the subject for 4 decades. Dr. Qiu said, "The city of
Quzhou has a history of 1,800 years. Before 1940 there had never been
bubonic plague. But, after 1942, typhoid and anthrax cases also
occurred."
Mr. Fang Shinong's family became outcasts isolated by the village out
of
fear of the disease. His mother and grandparents were all killed by
Japanese bubonic plague. Altogether, his family lost 7 members.
"I want justice. If I die, my son will take over what I'm doing. We
want
the Japanese government to admit it. Fact is fact, it cannot be hidden.
We
want justice and compensation." said Fang.
Just East of Quzhou lies the area of Yafang Rotten Leg Village with
victims all have suffered from gaping flesh wounds on their legs -
which
never heal.
For 63 years, Mr. Chen Chong Wen has had to change the bandages daily
on
his leg infected by "Rotten Leg Disease" known as glanders. His
mother was
also infected. And not too long after her heel rotted off, and died in
terrible pain. With a pained expression on his face, he sobbed loudly,
"I
don't want anything else. I just want the wound to close. That's the
only
thing I want."
Wang Xuan has assembled 180 Chinese victims and is now suing Japan,
charging that Japan had spread bubonic plague and other diseases in
China
during WWII. However, in 2002, Tokyo District Court rejected their
claim
for an apology and compensation.
Eisuke Matsui, Japanese Professor of radiology at Gifu University
school
of Medicine, said he was compelled to uncover Japan's germ warfare in
order to educate the young generation of Japan.
Japanese military training leader of Unit 731, Tomobuchi testifed in
NBC
Dateline Aug. 15, 1995 "Factory of Death: Unit 731" that he
participated
in July 1945, in training kamikaze pilots for "Sakura at Night"
(flowers
at night), a secret military plan to use five submarines, each carrying
few small aircraft to the California coast where they would attack San
Diego with "plague bombs" full of infected fleas.
"They were logs to me," said Toshimi Mizobuchi remorselessly, former
Unit
731 member and now a real estate manager living outside the Japanese
city
of Kobe, "Logs were not considered to be human. They were either spies
or
conspirators." As such, he said, "they were already dead. So now they
die
a second time. We just executed a death sentence." He said reunion for
the
several hundred veterans of Unit 731 was held almost every year. He had
organized one of the reunion.
As the war was ending, Japan waited and intended to use plague germs if
American had landed on Okinawa. Ironically, Okinawa themselves never
knew
the plan until Jan. 1994 when the Unit 731 Exhibition opened there. Ito
Kageaki recalled, " Okinawa could be thrown away if Japan could gain
some
military advantage." One local said, "This makes the sacrifices in the
Okinawa Battle even more pitiful."
Okinawa Battle had killed approx. 100,000 Japanese soldiers (including
local Okinawa conscripts), 12,000 US soldiers, and 100,000 - 150,000
Okinawans civilians. About 1/3 of the population of island were killed.
Total death in the Battle of Okinawa is more than the Atomic Bombs of
Nagasaki and Hiroshima combined.
In 1981, an article Japan's Biological Weapons: 1930-1945 A Hidden
Chapter
in History published in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists had drawn
much wider public attention to the Japanese inhuman atrocities. In the
beginning of the article, it said,
"When this story first reached the Bulletin, our reaction was horrified
disbelief. I think all of us hoped that it was not true. Unfortunately,
subsequent research shows that it is all too true. In order to verify
the
facts set forth here we enlisted the help of a number of distinguished
scientists and historians......."
The article continues: "Any reader with a sense of justice and decency
will be nauseated, not only by these atrocities, but equally so by the
reaction of the U.S...... By acquiring "at a fraction of the original
cost" the "invaluable" results of the Japanese experiments, have we not
put ourselves on the same level as the Japanese experimenters ?......."
In Oct. 1999, in a Letter to Senator Dianne Feinstein for the Bill
S.9102
, i.e. the Disclosure Act of Japanese War Crime Documents, History
Professor Sheldon H. Harris of California State University emphatically
stated in his letter that :
The ""sensitive" documents as defined by archivists and FOIA officers
are
at the moment being destroyed...... Three examples of this wanton
destruction......" by U.S.
1. "In 1991, the Librarian at Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, Utah,
denied me access to the archives at the facility. It was only
through
the intervention of then U.S. Representative Wayne Owens, Dem.,
Utah,
that I was given permission to visit the facility. I was not shown
all
the holdings relating to Japanese medical experiments, but the
little I
was permitted to examine revealed a great deal of information about
medical war crimes. Sometimes after my visit, a person with intimate
knowledge of Dugway's operations, "informed me that "sensitive"
documents were destroyed there as a direct result of my research in
their library."
2. "I conducted much of my American research at Fort Detrick in
Frederick, Md. The Public Information Officer there was extremely
helpful to me. Two weeks ago I telephoned Detrick, was informed that
the PIO had retired last May. I spoke with the new PIO, who told me
that Detrick no longer would discuss past research activities, but
would disclose information only on current projects. Later that day
I
telephoned the retired PIO at his home. He "informed me that upon
retiring he was told to "get rid of that stuff", meaning
incriminating
documents relating to Japanese medical war crimes. Detrick no longer
is
a viable research center for historians."
3. "Within the past 2 weeks, "I was informed that the Pentagon, for
"space reasons", decided to rid itself of all biological warfare
documents in its holdings prior to 1949. The date is important,
because
all war crimes trials against accused Japanese war criminals were
terminated by 1949. Thus, current Pentagon materials could not
implicate alleged Japanese war criminals. Fortunately, a private
research facility in Washington volunteered to retrieve the
documents
in question. This research facility now holds the documents, is
currently cataloguing them (estimated completion time, at least
twelve
months), and is guarding the documents under "tight security".
"After 60 years, we are still finding positive antibodies of bubonic
plague in rats, dogs, cats and other animals. Every year a certain
number
of healthy people develop typhoid. Japan's Germ Warfare has left behind
problems that still threaten our lives." said Qiu Mingxuan, a Chinese
doctor, "Environmental pollution and damage to the ecosystem are very
serious. The issue is still threatening people in China."
Fears of another outbreak still haunt the Chinese cities up to this
day.
Daniel Barenblatt, author of new book "A Plague Upon Humanity: The
Secret
Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare Operation", said in a recent
interview, "There could be over 700,000 or even 1,000,000 lives lost to
Japan's Bio-Warfare programme.... The plague bacteria released then
still
lingers on in some animal populations today. It is still there....
rodents
still test positive for antibodies to the bubonic plague .... What the
US
did in making the deal with top doctors is unconscionable. As far as we
know, no one in the US government raised any more objection to it."
Dr. Michael Franzblau, Professor at the University of California said,
"I
am troubled by the fact that we were willing, we the Americans, were
willing to cut a deal in my judgement for very, very small gains. Not a
single physician involved in this barbaric action of Unit 731 was ever
punished. As a matter of fact, many of them went on to be important
physicians in Japan, becoming deans of medical schools, becoming heads
of
pharmaceutical associations or companies. And finally the head of one
of
the most prestigious scientific organisations in Japan, an organisation
devoted to the study of infectious diseases."
In Aug. 2002, after 27 court hearings since 1998, and with former Unit
731
Japanese soldiers including Yoshio Shinozuka, came forward as
witnesses,
Japanese court had NO choice and finally was forced to recognize for
the
FIRST TIME that Japan had conducted WMD Biological Warfare in China,
but
rejected the demand for apology and compensation.
Yoshio Shinozuka said, "I just want to spread the truth as much as I
can.
These vicious acts must be exposed. As for the victims' families ....
I
want to help them as much as I can. This is my way of showing my
apology."
However, the Japanese government still refuses to admit that Japan ever
waged WMD Biological Warfare saying -- lack of evidence -- to this day.
In a satellite video link conference of Japanese War Crimes, Sheldon
Harris, professor emeritus of history at California State University
and
author of the book, "Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare
1932-45 and the American Cover-up" stressed that :
"The U.S. government is as culpable for inaction as Japan, and the
Canadian, British, Dutch and Australian governments knew about it ...
While the US "bears a major responsibility" for the coverup of Unit
731,
the greater responsibility lies with Japanese."
Pointing to the Nazi Concentration Camp of Auschwitz in Poland and the
Hiroshima Peace Memorial in Japan as precedents for UNESCO protection
of
war ruins, China would seek UNESCO World Heritage protection for the
ruins
of a Japanese WMD Biological Warfare center of Unit 731 in Harbin,
including its laboratories, prisons and crematoria used for experiments
on
humans to develop WMD Biological Weapons.
Jul 10, 2005 Evidence of vast plant that Japan used PoWs as human
guinea
pigs in WMD Chemical and Biological Warfare found in remote grasslands
of
Inner Mongolia, China. "It covers an area of 40 square miles. It may be
the largest and best-preserved gas experiment site in the world .....
Japan conducted WMD Chemical and WMD Germ Warfare in 2/3 of the
country,
but especially in the north, north-east and south of China," said Mr
Jin
Chengmin. "It should be qualified for World Heritage status. The ruins
serve as a permanent reminder of the atrocities Japanese troops
committed
in China."
Marvel
"Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731"
(snip)
Most of those involved have died or will be gone soon and they can settle
up.
Quentin Tarantino could top it.
John W.
> http://www.skycitygallery.com/japan/japan.html#unit731
>
> Unit 731, 100 - Inhuman WMD Biological Warfare
>
John W.
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
When they weren't allowed to do their barbaric science on human beings
anymore they turned to whales. The bequeathed their cultural mindset to
the next generation -- it's called "Family Values" as in nothing is
valued by this family if it doesn't involve live vivisections on
unanesthetized "logs".
C Lund
"Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731" <Steve....@goofyfucker.com>
wrote:
> When they weren't allowed to do their barbaric science on human beings
> anymore they turned to whales.
Get real.
--
C Lund, www.notam02.no/~clund
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
C Lund wrote:
> In article <1150929120....@p79g2000cwp.googlegroups.com>,
> "Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731" <Steve....@goofyfucker.com>
> wrote:
>
> > When they weren't allowed to do their barbaric science on human beings
> > anymore they turned to whales.
>
> Get real.
Eat my dirty shorts. Whenever anyone sees the words "Japanese Whaling"
I want them to see live vivisection on human POWs awake and without
anesthetic. It's going to cost FACE to slaughter whales -- each whale
gets one Jap FACE ripped off. Frankly, I like Whales more than I like
Japanese.
There's a price to pay for hounding animals not yet recovered from near
extinction, and the sleazy methods the Japs are using to get their way
has a pricetag of remembering every worse thing about the Japanese
"Culture". YOU can't save them from paying the full price for every
mouthful of whale meat.
C Lund
> > > When they weren't allowed to do their barbaric science on human beings
> > > anymore they turned to whales.
> > Get real.
> Eat my dirty shorts.
Lean to use toilet paper.
> Whenever anyone sees the words "Japanese Whaling"
> I want them to see live vivisection on human POWs awake and without
> anesthetic.
Why? The two have nothing to do with each other.
> It's going to cost FACE to slaughter whales -- each whale
> gets one Jap FACE ripped off. Frankly, I like Whales more than I like
> Japanese.
> There's a price to pay for hounding animals not yet recovered from near
> extinction, and the sleazy methods the Japs are using to get their way
... bear a striking resemblance to the sleazy methods Greenpeace use
to get *their* way...
> has a pricetag of remembering every worse thing about the Japanese
> "Culture". YOU can't save them from paying the full price for every
> mouthful of whale meat.
Oh, I'm sure they can afford to pay for their own meals. The Japanese
aren't poor.
--
C Lund, www.notam02.no/~clund
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
C Lund wrote:
> > Whenever anyone sees the words "Japanese Whaling"
> > I want them to see live vivisection on human POWs awake and without
> > anesthetic.
>
> Why? The two have nothing to do with each other.
>
> > It's going to cost FACE to slaughter whales -- each whale
> > gets one Jap FACE ripped off. Frankly, I like Whales more than I like
> > Japanese.
>
> > There's a price to pay for hounding animals not yet recovered from near
> > extinction, and the sleazy methods the Japs are using to get their way
>
> ... bear a striking resemblance to the sleazy methods Greenpeace use
> to get *their* way...
OH NO. I'm willing to use much worse methods -- I'm reminding people
about JAPANESE "SCIENCE" UNIT 731 METHODS. Scientific Whaling and UNIT
731. Every time you hear whaling, think Japanese Science Unit 731.
Everybody in the whole world will think Unit 731 = Japanese Whaling.
Every mouthfull of whale loses Japanes FACE.
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/index.html
Japanese Germ War and Experimentation on Humans
Unlocking a deadly secret
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/germwar.htm
An in-depth report of the human experimentation by Unit 731 and other
Japanese armies.
Review of the studies on the Germ Warfare
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/731rev.htm
A historians view on the subject of Japanese Germ Warfare and the
American cover-up.
Experimants on American POWs
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/uspow.htm
How American POWs were treated and the consequence for the their
murderers.
A Japanese studies the Germ War history (IN Chinese GB)
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/jap.gemwar.gb
http://www.ww2pacific.com/unit731.html
Japanese Unit 731
Biological Warfare Unit
War Crimes Against Humanity
Japanese Imperial Army's Unit 731 killed thousands of Chinese and
Russians held prisoner in Japanese-occupied Manchuria, in experiments
to develop chemical and biological weapons.
In the autumn of 1945, MacArthur acceded to granting immunity to
members of Unit 731 in exchange for data of research on biological
warfare. "The value to the U.S. of Japanese BW data is of such
importance to national security as to far outweigh the value accruing
from war crimes' prosecution." The BW information obtained from
Japanese sources should be retained in 'top secret' intelligence
channels and not be employed as war crimes evidence and not be fallen
into the Soviet hands. The State Department disagreed over a two year
period and the topic simply disappeared.
Why did the US lose interest in pursuing the issue of war
criminals? China became communist, Japan was a required base for
operations in Korea, and Japan became a major trading partner and
economic power in the East.
Unit 731
o 1925 -- Japan refuses Geneva Convention ban on biological
weapons.
o 1932 -- Japanese troops invade Manchuria. Shiro Ishii, a
physician and army officer who was intrigued by germ warfare, begins
preliminary experiments.
o 1936 -- Unit 731, a biological-warfare unit disguised as a
water-purification unit, is formed. Ishii builds huge compound -- more
than 150 buildings over six square kilometers -- outside the city of
Harbin, Manchuria. Some 9,000 test subjects eventually die at the
compound.
o 1942 -- Ishii begins field tests of germ warfare on Chinese
soldiers and civilians. Tens of thousands die of bubonic plague,
cholera, anthrax and other diseases. U.S. soldiers captured in
Philippines are sent to Manchuria.
o 1945 -- Japanese troops blow up the headquarters of Unit
731 in final days of Pacific war. Ishii orders 150 remaining 'subjects'
killed to cover up their experimentation.
o 1946 -- U.S. makes a deal with Ishii for germ warfare data
based on human experimentation in exchange for immunity from war-crimes
prosecution.
Sources: ''Factories of Death,'' by Sheldon H. Harris
(Rutledge, 1994)
and ''Prisoners of the Japanese: POWS of World War II in
the Pacific,'' by Gavan Daws (William Morrow, 1994).
Japan's biological weapons program was born in the 1930s, in
part because Japanese officials were impressed that germ warfare had
been banned by the Geneva Protocol of 1925. If it was so awful that it
had to be banned under international law, the officers reasoned, it
must make a great weapon. Establishment of two biological warfare Units
731 and 100 in Manchuria in 1933 because of the number of test subjects
available. Harbin in Manchuria was the headquarters of Unit 731. Ishii
promoted to full colonel with 3,000 Japanese working under him. In
addition of bacteriological warfare, studies were also conducted on
human damage done by burns, freezing, high pressure, and bullets.
Former members of the unit say that at least 3,000 people and by some
accounts several times that number were killed in the medical
experiments in which none survived.
"After infecting him, the researchers decided to cut him open to
see what the disease does to a man's inside. I cut him open from the
chest to the stomach and he screamed terribly and his face was all
twisted in agony. made this unimaginable sound, he was screaming so
horribly. This was all in a day's work for the surgeons, but it really
left an impression on me because it was my first time."
The human experimentation did not take place just in Unit 731,
nor was it a rogue unit acting on its own. Prince Mikasa, toured Unit
731's headquarters in China and wrote in his memoirs that he was shown
films showing how Chinese prisoners were "made to march on the plains
of Manchuria for poison gas experiments on humans." Premier Tojo
personally presented an award to Ishii for his contribution to
developing biological weapons.
The Japanese army regularly conducted field tests to see whether
biological warfare would work outside the laboratory. Planes dropped
plague-infected fleas over Ningbo in eastern China and over Changde in
north-central China and plague outbreaks were later reported.
Japanese troops also dropped cholera and typhoid cultures in
wells and ponds, but the results were often counterproductive. In 1942,
germ warfare specialists distributed dysentery, cholera and typhoid in
Zhejiang Province in China. but Japanese soldiers themselves became ill
and 1,700 died of the diseases.
Planned Bacterial Attack on the United States.
Proposals included use of these weapons against the United
States. They proposed using balloon bombs to carry disease to America
and they had a plan in the summer of 1945 to use kamikaze pilots to
dump plague infected fleas on San Diego.
Some Japanese generals proposed loading the balloons with weapons
of biological warfare, to create epidemics of plague or anthrax in the
United States. Other army units wanted to send cattle plague virus to
wipe out the American livestock industry or grain smut to wipe out the
crops. As it happened, 9,000 balloons each carried four incendiary and
one antipersonnel bomb across the Pacific on the jet stream to create
forest fires and terror from Oregon to Michigan.
As the end of the war approached in 1945, Unit 731 embarked on
its wildest scheme; codenamed Cherry Blossoms at Night, the plan was to
use kamikaze pilots to infest California with the plague.
Toshimi Mizobuchi, who was an instructor for new recruits in Unit
731, said the idea was to use 20 of the 500 new troops who arrived in
Harbin in July 1945. A submarine was to take a few of them to the seas
off Southern California, and then they were to fly in a plane carried
on board the submarine and contaminate San Diego with plague-infected
fleas. The target date was to be Sept. 22, 1945. As it happened, the
fleet of submarine seaplane carriers that assembled was assigned to
launch torpedoes at the locks in the Panama canal, but that was changed
to attack the US fleet at Ulith just as the war ended.
Cover up.
As the Japanese army retreated from China as the war was ending,
plague-infected animals were released and caused outbreaks of the
plague that killed at least 30,000 people in the Harbin area from 1946
through 1948.
"Iishi and his colleagues received immunity from prosecution and
... in exchange they provided a great deal of information to U.S.
authorities." In particular, they provided the results of "field
tests" in which hundreds of thousands of civilians in China and eastern
Russia were exposed to and died from deadly germs such as anthrax and
plague.
Poison Gas
At the outbreak of the Wusung-shanghai campaign on August 13,
1937, the Japanese army used poison gas against Chinese troops. In the
succeeding eight years of war, Japan had used poison gases 1,131 times
in 14 Chinese provinces.
Biological Warfare.
On at least five occasions during the first two years the
Japanese armed forces tried to employ bacteriological warfare in China.
They have tried to produce epidemics of plague in Free China by
scattering plague-infected materials with airplanes.
These five times are: October 4, 1940, when Japanese airplane
dropped plague bacteria at Chuhsien in Chechiang province which caused
the deaths of 21 people. On the 29th of the same month, Japanese
airplane spread plague bacteria at Ningpo, Chechiang which caused the
deaths of 99 people. On November 28 of the same year, Japanese
airplanes dropped a large quantity of germs at Chinhua but no deaths
were reported. In January 1941 Japan spread plague germs in Suiyuan and
Ninghsia provinces and again in Shansi that caused serious epidemic
outbreaks of plague in these areas. When too many Japanese soldiers
also died, the attacks were suspended.
Japan Admits Dissecting WW-II POWs
On May 5, 1945, an American B-29 bomber was knocked down over
southern Japan. Eight American airmen prisoners were made available for
medical experiments at Kyushu Imperial University. The eight were
dissected organ by organ while they were still alive.
This is the only site where Americans were incontrovertibly used
in dissections and the only known site where experiments were done in
Japan. Kyushu University, Fukuoka, is midway between Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
Trial.
Thirty people were brought to trial by an Allied War Crimes
Tribunal in Yokohama, Japan, on March 11, 1948. Charges included
vivisection and wrongful removal of body parts; 23 were found guilty of
various charges. Five of the guilty were sentenced to death. None of
the death sentences was carried out. By 1958, all those convicted were
free. The Soviet Union also held trials. Sentences there were carried
out.
War Crimes Trial
High-level Japanese war criminals were tried by the International
Military Tribunal for the Far East. The prosecution team was made up of
justices from eleven Allied nations: Australia, Canada, China, France,
Great Britain, India, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines,
the Soviet Union and the United States of America. The Tokyo trial
lasted two and a half years, from May 1946 to November 1948. The
principle charges were making aggressive war and allowing atrocities
against POWs and civilians.
The Verdict
Two of the twenty-eight defendants died of natural causes during
the trial. One had a mental breakdown on the first day of trial, was
sent to a psychiatric ward and was released in 1948. The remaining
twenty-five were found guilty. Seven were sentenced to death by
hanging, sixteen to life imprisonment, and two to lesser terms. All
seven sentenced to death were found to be guilty of inciting mass-scale
atrocities, among other counts, and hanged Dec. 23. Three of the
sixteen sentenced to life imprisonment died in prison. The remaining
thirteen were paroled between 1954 and 1956, with less than eight years
in prison for their crimes against millions of people.
Dr. bitter anko
the japs consider all those anti-whaling activities of your people as
merely the usual anti-jap campaigns of funny classic Anglo-Saxon
racists, or some sort of mass hysteria of outdated ethnocentric
arrogant and conceited bigots having trouble to adjust themselves to
the liberated modern world. They know even if they stop whaling, you
will blame other things about the japs because they know you just want
to abuse the japs by your usual racist attitude.
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 のメッセージ:
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
Dr. bitter anko wrote:
> Sorry to say, but no matter how you rant, no jap would care. Actually
> the japs consider all those anti-whaling activities of your people as
> merely the usual anti-jap campaigns of funny classic Anglo-Saxon
> racists, or some sort of mass hysteria of outdated ethnocentric
> arrogant and conceited bigots having trouble to adjust themselves to
> the liberated modern world. They know even if they stop whaling, you
> will blame other things about the japs because they know you just want
> to abuse the japs by your usual racist attitude.
>
> Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 のメッセージ:
Poor Jappy, everybody picking on poor innocent jappy. Poor
misunderstood innocent jappy doing jappy science.
This is the only kind of science poor innocent misunderstood jappy
knows how to do...
http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/germwar/731rev.htm
IV. U.S. Prisoners of War Used for Experiment by Unit 731 and the Issue
of American Use of Biological Warfare in Korean War
As early as January 6, 1946, the Pacific Stars and Stripes, an official
organ of the U.S. Army, reported that Americans were among the victims
of Ishii's human experiments. A week later, similar reports was ensued
in New York Times, hence news about Allied prisoners of war to have
been used as human guinea pigs were sporadically divulged. An U.S.
government document dated August 1947 has this to say:
It should be kept in mind that there is a remote-possibility that
independent investigation conducted by the Soviets in the Mukden area
may have disclosed evidence that American prisoners of war were used
for experimental purposes of a BW nature and that they lost their lives
as a result of these experiments.
Until 1956, the Federal Bureau of Investigation continued to accept as
fact that U.S. prisoners of war were used in human experiments. In the
1960s, the issue no longer riveted the public interest. In 1976,
Japanese television broadcast a documentary entitled "A Bruise-Terrors
of the 731 corps," which rekindled the public interest which grew apace
in America in the 1980s. Out of 1,485 Allied white prisoners of war
taken to Mukden, 1, 174 were Americans. In their first winter (1942-43)
at Mukden, 430 perished, most Americans. No matter how desperate
American survivors from Mukden, like Gregory Rodriquez of Oklahoma,
tried to tell how they were used by Unit 731 for human experiments, an
accusation verified by Naoji Uezono, former member of Unit 731, U.S.
Congress turned a deaf ear , thereby being irresponsible for paying
their medical benefits and compensations. A British Major Robert Peaty
kept a diary while detained in Mukden that gives sufficient evidence of
Unit 731's using Allied prisoners of war as guinea pigs. Another
Australian doctor R. J. Brennan also kept a diary, indicating that how
the prisoners of war underwent experimentation. What bothered him most
was one day 150 American prisoners were forced to march out of the
camp, from which they never returned.
For over ten years, Rodriquez's son has persistently lobbied in
Washington on behalf of his father and other survivors from Mukden. Not
only does he ask for compensations to the victims; moreover he wants
that the crimes of Japan using the prisoners of war for human
experiments be known to the world. He told this writer that there is a
former Mukden prisoner now living in Oklahoma who was taken to
Pingfang, Harbin. The chapter "BW Experiments on Prisoners of War?" of
Harris's new book has given great details, but had some discrepancies
in figures. Also it is hard to accept his conclusion. He says that
death rate at Mukden Camp was about 12 percent, almost all being
Americans. Both Jack-Roberts of the royal Army Medical Corps and Frank
James, a sergeant in the U.S. signal Company, confirmed that in that
first winter, 430 men died. In the August 6, 1943 entry of Major
Peaty's diary, "there are now 208 dead"; in the November 21, 1943
entry, "there are now over 230 dead." 430 plus 230 have made 44 percent
of the Mukden POW population. Further, how many more deaths would have
been in the next two years!
According to Harris's tally, there were only 238 POW dead at Mukden
Camp and 1,617 survivors, figures which are far apart from those given
by former British and American POWs at Mukden. His conclusion is that
"American POWs may have been victims of BW tests, but there is no
substantive evidence to prove that the experiments took place at Camp
Mukden."
It is unthinkable that Harris wrote only two pages on the issue of U.S.
using biological warfare in the Korean War, which he apparently did not
want to talk about; in contrast, Williams and Wallace used 51 pages,
one-sixth of the whole book dealing with the subject. China and North
Korean began to accuse the United States of using CW and BW on March 5,
1951, a campaign which was stopped only with the conclusion of the war
in 1953. Most importantly, International Science Committee composed of
renown "Leftist" scientists sent a delegation to China and North Korea,
whose investigation lent support to the accusation. This writer would
take issue with Professor Harris for his using the term "Leftist."
Could we ask: Is J. Robert Oppenheimer, "father of atomic bomb" also
labeled Leftist scientist? Does being Leftist make one non-scientific?
And then how about "Rightist" scientist? The six that came to China and
North Korea included Dr. Joseph Needham who just died last March.
Needham's studies of Chinese culture (he had studied the history of
Chinese science and technology for over fifty years) and his concern
for China had won esteem of Chinese intellectuals both in Taiwan and
the Mainland, who would not question the results of his investigation
and regard them as propaganda. Harris believes that the issue of
American use of biological warfare cannot be clarified until archives
of all countries concerned are open. Surely we hope this can be
realized soon, but at the same time should point out that the release
of more archival materials cannot overthrow a scientific investigation
already made.
Also, Harris tried to water down the issue of confession given by U.S.
airmen under captivity. Col. Frank H. Schwable was the chief of the
First Marine Air Wing. After having been captured, Schwable and Major
Roy Bley made "confessions" stating that "the joint Chiefs of Staff had
directed U.S. forces to carry out planned germ warfare and that the
order was part of a directive given to General Ridgway in October 1951"
(New York Times, February 23, 1953).
At least as important as Schwable were Col. Walker F. Mahurin, World
War II fighter ace and an assistant executive to US Secretary for Air
Finletter, and Col. Andrew J. Evans, a former secretary to Air Chief of
Staff Vandenberg. Before coming to Korea, Mahurin was commander of the
First Fighter Interceptor Group in California which supplied men and
equipment to the 51st and 4th fighter wings near Seoul. After being
released, Mahurin was elected as spokesman for all POW fliers. All the
25 airmen who made confession under captivity had repudiated their
confessions and denied BW charges. But Mahurin wrote his memoirs
(Honest John published by Putnam of New York without date) which
reveals and contradicts some of his sworn repudiation to his
confession.
Any fair-minded person would not believe that the United States had
tried to unleash a large-scale biological warfare in the Korean war.
Needham said in reminiscence:
I felt then, and still feel, that attacks using toxic aerosols
would have been far more dangerous, but I think the Americans just
wanted to see what degree of success could be obtained with the
essentially Japanese methods. My judgment was never based on anything
which the downed airmen had said, but rather entirely on the
circumstantial evidence.
As a matter of fact, over the issue of whether or not the United States
was engaged in biological warfare, irrefutable evidence is still
lacking; hopefully it could be resolved in the near future. Should it
then prove that the U.S. indeed used biological warfare, one would not
be surprised. Let us bear in mind that at his November 30, 1950 news
conference, when asked "Does mean that there is active consideration of
the use of the atomic bomb?" President Truman said: "There has always
been active consideration of its use. I don't want to see it used. It
is a terrible weapon."
CL
8>< die kopie ist verschnitten
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
CL wrote:
> Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 wrote:
>
> 8>< die kopie ist verschnitten
http://powmia.webshare.ca/unit-731.html
JAPAN ADMITS DISSECTING WW-II POWs
The following article was written by Thomas Easton of the Baltimore Sun
UKUOKA, Japan "I could never again wear a white smock," says Dr. Toshio
Tono, dressed in a white running jacket at his hospital and recalling
events of 50 years ago. "It's because the prisoners thought that we
were doctors, since they could see the white smocks, that they didn't
struggle. They never dreamed they would be dissected.
The prisoners were eight American airmen, knocked out of the ksy over
southern Japan during the waning months of World War II, and then torn
apart organ by organ while they were still alive.
What occurred here 50 years ago this month, at the anatomy department
of Kyushu University, has been largely forgotten in Japan and is
virtually unknown in the United States. American prisoners-of-war were
subjected to horrific medical experiments. All of the prisoners died.
Most of the physicians and assistants then did their best to hide the
evidence of what they had done.
Fukuoka is midway between Hiroshima and Nagasaki, cities that are
planning elaborate ceremonies to mark the devestation caused by the
United States dropping the first atomic bombs. But neither Fukuoka nor
the university plans to mark its own moment of infamy.
The gruesome experiments performed at the university were variagions on
research programs Japan conducted in territories it occupied during the
war. In the most notorious of these efforts, the Japanese Imperial
Army's Unit 731 killed thousands of Chinese and Russians held prisoner
in Japanese-occupied Manchuria, in experiments to develop chemical and
biological weapons.
Ken Yuasa, now a frail, 70-year-old physician in Tokyo, belonged to a
military company stationed just south of Unit 731's base at Harbin,
Manchuria. He recalls joining other doctors to watch as a prisoner was
shot in the stomach, to give Japanese surgeons practice at extracting
bullets.
While the victim was still alive, the doctors also practiced
amputations.
"It wasn't just my experience," Yuasa says. "It was done everywhere.".
Kyushu University stands out as the only site where Americans were
incontrovertibly used in dissections and the only known site where
experiments were done in Japan.
On May 5, 1945, an American B-29 bomber was flying with a dozen other
aircraft after bombing Tachiaral Air Base in southwestern Japan and
beginning the return flight to the island fortress of Guam.
Kinzou Kasuya, a 19-year-old Japanese pilot flying one of the Japanese
fighters in pursuit of the Americans, rammed his aircraft into the
fuselage of the B-29, destroying both planes.
One of the Americans died when the cords of his parachute were severed
by another Japanese plane. A second was alive when he reached the
ground. He shot all but his last bullet at the villagers coming toward
him, then used the last bullet on himself.
Two others were quickly stabbed or shot to death.
At least nine were taken into custody.
B-29 crews were despised for the grim results of their bombing raids,
so some of the captives were beaten.
The local authorities assumed that the most knowledgeable was the
captain, Marvin Watkins. He was sent to Tokyo for interrogation, where
he was tortured but nonetheless survived the war.
Every available account asserts that a military physician and a Colonel
in a local regiment were the two key figures in what happened next.
What happened cannot be easily explained. Perhaps caring for the
Americans was an impossible burden, especially because some were
injured. Perhaps food was scarce.
Whatever the reason, the colonel and doctor decided to make the
prisoners available for medical experiments, and Kyushu University
became a willing participant.
Teddy Ponczka was the first to be handed over to the doctors and their
assistants. He had already been stabbed, in either his right shoulder
or his chest. According to Tono, the American assumed he was about to
be treated for the wound when he was taken to an operating room.
But the incision went far deeper. A doctor wanted to test surgery's
effects on the respiratory system, so one lung was removed. the wound
was stitched closed.
How Teddy Ponczka died is in dispute. According to US Military records,
he was anesthetized during the operation, and then the gas mask was
removed from his face. A surgeon, Taro Torisu, reopened the incision
and reached into Ponczka's chest. In the bland words of the military
report, "Torisu stopped the heart action".
Tono remembers events differently. The first experiment was followed by
a second, he says. Ponczka was given intravenous injections of sea
water, to determine if sea water could be used as a substitute for
sterile saline solution, used to increase blood volume in the wounded
or those in the state of shock. Tono held the bottle of sea water. He
says Ponczka bled to death.
Then it was the turn of the others.
The Japanese wanted to learn whether a patient could survive the
partial loss of his liver. They wanted to learn if epilepsy could be
controlled by removing part of the brain.
According to US Military records, physicians also operated on the
prisoners' stomachs and necks.
All of the Americans died.
"There was no debate among the doctors about whether to do the
operations ... that is what made it so strange," Tono says.
Word of the experiments eventually leaked out.
Thirty people were brought to trial by an Allied War Crimes Tribunal in
Yokohama, Japan, on March 11, 1948. Charges included vivisection,
wrongful removal of body parts and cannibalism ... based on reports
that the experimenters had eaten the livers of the Americans.
Of the 30 defendants, 23 were found guilty of various charges. (For
lack of proof, the charges of cannabilism had been dismissed.) Five of
the guilty were sentenced to death, four to life imprisonment. The
other 14 were sentenced to shorter terms.
But the attitude of the American occupation forces began to change
largely because of the start of the Korean War in June 1950.
The United States had less interest in punishing Japan, an
enemy-turned-ally.
In September 1950, US General Douglas MacArthur, as supreme commander
for Allied Forces, reduced most of the sentences.
CL
> CL wrote:
>> Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 wrote:
>>
>> 8>< die kopie ist verschnitten
Engaging warp speed ignore drive.
CL
Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731
http://www.aiipowmia.com/731/731caveat.html
Over the years, we have heard about the infamous Unit 731... home to
Japan's secret Biological - Chemical Warfare experimentation program,
that used human guinea pigs as terminal experimentation material. But
for the most part, we have heard second, third-hand reports and read
the accounts of western reasearchers. Recently, by combining the
surviving documents of Unit 731 and the Japanese government, accounts
of surviving POWs and civilians, and the accounts of surviving members
of Unit 731, we are beginning to recognize the despicable level of
barabarism that was engaged in these horrorific places... Pingfan and
Mukden, Manchuria, and even in Japan itself.
The Unit 731 section of this site, has been separated purposefully. The
reason being... the accounts and pictures herein are simply too
disturbing to present without a warning. With that in mind:
WARNING - The accounts and pictures you will see in this section are
extremely upsetting and offensive. They depict the wartime atrocities
of Japanese doctors, military personnel and scientists, who used tens
of thousands of Chinese, Russian, American and other civilians and
prisoners of war, as human guinea pigs in medical experimentation
programs. They are graphic. If you are easily upset, or offended, read
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actions of power, hate, greed, intolerance and ignorance that allowed
an entity such as Unit 731 to be created and to exist. BE OFFENDED by
the actions of the United States, to protect the murderers of Unit 731,
and offer them immunity from prosecution in exchange for the
documentation and data accrued by this crime against humanity. BE
OFFENEDED that the survivors of this nightmare, the Chinese people,
American POWs, Russian and other nationalities, have received no
reparations for their suffering, nor an apology or answers. BE OFFENDED
that as humans, we walk amongst such monsters, who think nothing of
classifying another human being as 'maruta' - 'a piece of wood',
something to be used, abused and then discarded. BE OFFENDED that the
lies and deceit continue in order to protect a select few... at the
incalculable expense and suffering of so many.
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A special Thank You to Dr. Dongxiao Yue.
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CONTINUE to Unit 731 Section
http://www.aiipowmia.com/731/731mnu.html
C Lund
> > > gets one Jap FACE ripped off. Frankly, I like Whales more than I like
> > > Japanese.
> > > There's a price to pay for hounding animals not yet recovered from near
> > > extinction, and the sleazy methods the Japs are using to get their way
> > ... bear a striking resemblance to the sleazy methods Greenpeace use
> > to get *their* way...
> OH NO. I'm willing to use much worse methods -- I'm reminding people
> about JAPANESE "SCIENCE" UNIT 731 METHODS.
So... basically you're a kook with a cause...
--
C Lund, www.notam02.no/~clund
John R. Yamamoto-Wilson
> So... basically you're a kook with a cause...
That's about the size of it. Which is not to say that the accusations
are totally without foundation:
>Special military units conducted physiological experiments on
>civilians and POWs. One of the most infamous units was Unit 731.
>Victims were subjected to vivisection without anesthesia,
>amputations, and were used to test biological weapons, among
>other experiments.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes#Experiments_on_human_beings)
Shusaku Endo's most famous novel, The Sea and Poison, explores the guilt
- at a personal and national level - arising from such actions.
And, while it is arguable that Japan has not done enough to expiate the
guilt of this and other shameful episodes in its not so distant past, it
is also true (for example) that it is only in the last year or so that
Britain has acknowledged the existence of a torture chamber in London,
both during and after the war.
I'd be the first to agree that Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 and
wwere...@yahoo.com (in the "Do Japanese people have personalities?"
thread, http://tinyurl.com/ku7xo) are fanatical and one-sided in their
condemnations (the one of Japan, the other of America; perhaps they
should get together!). The latter, in particular, gives credence to some
very dubious sources.
But - while they may be completely unbalanced in their views - there is
a grain of truth underlying their prejudices.
Now, if they could tone down their one-sided condemnations on the one
hand, and throw the collective guilt of almost every nation on earth
into the balance on the other, they might come to realise that the evils
they recount are not the particular legacy of any one nation or culture
but - lamentably - a part of the human condition.
John W.
<snipped>
I know you probably don't care, but could you please not cross post
your message all over the Internet, particularly to groups that aren't
related? (Ironic that I have to crosspost as well in order to ask....)
John W.
The Last Genuine Jap
> > Japanese Whaling Science Unit 731 のメッセージ:
>
> Poor Jappy, everybody picking on poor innocent jappy. Poor
>
Everybody? No, not everybody. Only you Anglo-Saxons and Chinese and
Koreans are doing iy. It's representing your silly ethnocentric point
of view of the outdated Anglo-Saxons