The name penanggalan derives from the word tanggal, meaning "to remove or take off", because its form is that of a floating disembodied woman's head, with its organs and entrails trailing from its neck.
Though commonly referred to in its native languages as a ghost, the penanggalan cannot be readily classified as a classical undead being. Rather, it is a witch that developed the ability to take such a form through meditation in a vat of vinegar. The creature is, for all intents and purposes, a living human being during daytime or at any time when it does not detach itself from its body. The penanggalan often hunts at night for menstruation/blood from birth. It also hunts for pregnant women and young children.
In Malaysian folklore, penanggal are mortal women who practice black magic. To become a penanggal, a woman must meditate during a ritual bath in vinegar, with her whole body submerged except for the head. Only active in penanggal form at night, the creature regularly soaks its organs in vinegar to shrink them for easy entry back into her body. The penanggal thus carries an odor of vinegar wherever she flies, and returns to her body during the daytime, passing as an ordinary woman. However, a penanggal can always be told from an ordinary woman by the smell of vinegar. The penanggal was also mentioned in Hikayat Abdullah, written in 1845, much to the amusement of Sir Stamford Raffles:[1]
Modern urban legends offer alternative views of the penanggal. This includes being the result of a curse, or the breaking of a demonic pact. One story tells of a young woman who was taking a ritual bath in a tub that once held vinegar. While bathing herself and in a state of concentration or meditation, a man entered the room without warning and startled her. The woman was so shocked that she jerked her head up to look, moving so quickly as to sever her head from her body, her organs and entrails pulling out of the neck opening. Enraged by what the man had done, she flew after him, a vicious head trailing organs and dripping venom. Her empty body was left behind in the vat.[citation needed]
The penanggalan's victims are traditionally pregnant women and young children, men are usually avoided by the penanggalan and spy on them throughout the night as a way to protect the expectant mother or newborn. As traditional Malay dwellings were stilt-houses, the penanggal would hide under the stilts of the house and use its long tongue to lap up the blood of the new mother. Those whose blood the penanggalan feeds on contract a wasting disease that is almost inescapably fatal. Furthermore, even if the penanggalan is not successful in her attempt to feed, anyone who is brushed by the dripping entrails will suffer painful open sores that won't heal without a bomoh's help.
The most common protection against a penanggal attack is to scatter the thorny leaves of any of the subspecies of a local plant known as mengkuang, which has sharp thorny leaves and would either trap or injure the exposed lungs, stomach and intestines of the penanggal as it flies in search of its prey. These thorns, on the vine, can also be looped around the windows of a house in order to snare the trailing organs. This is commonly done when a woman has just given birth. The shards of glass glued to the top of the walls around a house serve the same purpose, in addition to protecting against thieves. As an extra precaution, the pregnant woman can keep scissors or betel nut cutters under her pillow, as the penanggalan is afraid of these items.
Midwives who become Penanggalans at night appear as normal women in the daytime. They, however, can be identified as Penanggalans by the way they behave. When meeting people, they will usually avoid eye contact and when performing their midwife duties, they may be seen licking their lips, as if relishing the thought of feeding on the pregnant woman's blood when night comes. The men should find out where the Penanggalan lives.
Once the penanggal leaves its body and is safely away, it may be permanently destroyed by either pouring pieces of broken glass into the empty neck cavity, which will sever the internal organs of the penanggal when it reattaches to the body; or by sanctifying the body and then destroying it by cremation or by somehow preventing the penanggal from reattaching to its body by sunrise.
Another non-lethal way to get rid of penanggalan is to turn over the body, so that when the head attached back it will be attached reverse side, thereby revealing to everyone what she really is.[2][3]
The penanggalan is featured as a monster in the 1981 Dungeons & Dragons rulebook Fiend Folio. The 1981 Indonesian horror film Mystics in Bali is partly based on the penanggalan legend,[4] and the American anthology streaming television series Creepshow features a penanggalan in the season three episode "Drug Traffic".[a] The penanggalan also appears in the Hellboy: The Troll Witch and Others comics,[7] as well as the Image Comics title Cry Havoc.[8]
Predictably, in a country such as Malaysia, where Muslims are generally not usually encouraged to touch dogs (which are apparently considered to be unclean in certain schools Islam), it sparked an uproar amongst significant enough portions of society. How big this portion is remains to be truly seen, but see the first sentence of this review for this film to understand how annoying this potential minority may be.
I personally have gone beyond worrying about dogs in such ways myself, but I have no issues with those who disagree with me. I do, however, have an issue with those who wish to force an agreement of sorts by way of punishment and fear, and it is this that really nags at me more than just a bit.
It is precisely that form of vigilante justice that pervades much of the screen time in the film, enough to evoke reactions to the dog touching event. A mob mentality exists in situations of heightened and extreme emotional distress, which suggests a loss of mental faculty in determining the logic of some things. It tends to occur in cases like riots, where the roar and push of the crowds can be intoxicating. Witness the pressure felt at some football matches across the world.
We see this in the very first scene of the film, when the villagers attempted to track down the original penanggal and kill her. Though they are obviously afraid, they lack a secondary tactic beyond killing by fire. This occurred more than once in the film, which may well have been a deliberate attempt to again heighten the emotion, but the end result felt more like a cheapened gathering of people rather than real fear and anger.
That is not to say that this film is unworthy of checking out. Far from it. In fact, I dare say it is one of the most accomplished Malaysian films over the past year. That is due to the great technical work did by Raja Mukhriz, the cinematographer, and his team, and the production design team led by Nazrul Asraff Mahzan.
From a gender perspective, though, the story does little to go beyond established tropes. Perhaps the safe zone of characterisation allowed for people to concentrate on what they probably know best, but in a film where a female character was driven by cursed powers (a rare conflict in its own right in Malaysian cinema) was featured front, left and centre as one of the major attractions of the story, she is still reliant on the man as a platform of comfort. It is perhaps this disparity between what the film is and what it could have been that leaves me more than a little frustrated at the best of times.
The penanggalan, also known as penanggal, is a nocturnal vampiric entity from Malay ghost myths. Its name comes from the word tanggal, meaning "to remove" or "take off", based on its appearance as a floating disembodied head with its organs still attached. In certain versions of the legend, penanggal are old or young woman who uses supernatural means to obtain beauty. One can also become one through the influence of a curse or demonic entity.
Though commonly referred to as a ghost, the penanggalan is not undead. Rather, it is a witch that has developed the ability to take such a form through meditation in a vat of vinegar. The creature is, for all intents and purposes, a living human being any time it does not detach itself from its body. Only active in penanggal form at night, the creature regularly soaks its organs in vinegar to shrink them for easy entry back into her body.
The penanggalan's victims are traditionally pregnant women and young children. Those whose blood the penanggalan feeds on contract a wasting disease that is almost always fatal. Anyone who comes into contact with its dripping entrails suffers painful sores that will not heal without help from a shaman.
Penanggal is hunting down Amy Kashihara to capture her at the beginning of Ice Book. She attempts to strike down Akira when he gets in the way, only for his partner Gale to interfere. Penanggal is joined by two Celaeno's in battle. She takes her defeat well, laughing at how Akira and his world will soon meet their end in Armageddon.
According to the folklore of that region, the Penanggalan is a detached female head that is capable of flying about on its own. As it flies, the stomach and entrails dangle below it, and these organs twinkle like fireflies as the Penanggalan moves through the night.
Due to the common theme of Penanggal being the result of active use of black magic or supernatural means, a Penanggal cannot be readily classified as a classical undead being. The creature is, for all intent and purposes, a living human being during daytime (much like the Japanese Nukekubi) or at any time when it does not detach itself from its body.
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